帚菊木族 zhou ju mu zu
Gao Tiangang (高天刚)[1]; Chen Yousheng (陈又生)1;
Susana Edith Freire[2],
D. J. Nicholas Hind[3],
John F. Pruski[4]
Herbs, shrubs, rarely trees. Leaves evenly alternate, sometimes rosulate or densely clustered. Capitula solitary on terminal scapes or many in spikes or racemes, or panicles, discoid or radiate, homogamous or heterogamous, usually chasmogamous, sometimes cleistogamous. Involucres obconic, cylindrical, or campanulate; phyllaries few seriate to multiseriate, imbricate, rarely of nearly equal size, receptacle flat or slightly convex, epaleaceous. Florets (1) homomorphic, hermaphroditic and fertile, corollas deeply 5-lobed, regularly or sometimes irregularly; (2) heteromorphic, hermaphroditic and fertile, marginal corollas bilabiate, central corollas deeply 5-lobed or slightly zygomorphic; (3) heteromorphic, fertile, marginal pistillate, corollas bilabiate, raylike or liguliform to 2-lipped, sometimes lacking limbs, central hermaphroditic, corollas bilabiate or tubular. Stamens exserted from corolla; anther bases tailed, apical appendaged; styles shallowly divided at apex; style arms relatively short, apices acute, obtuse, rounded to nearly truncate, rarely linear. Achenes cylindrical, fusiform, or obconic, often ribbed. Pappus of scabrid or plumose bristles, rarely absent.
Eighty-two genera and ca. 950 species: Africa, Asia, Australia, North and South America; eight genera (one endemic) and 68 species (48 endemic) in China.
Traditionally circumscribed Mutisieae has been shown to be polyphyletic by molecular evidences (Kim et al., 2002). Barnadesioideae, a distinct subfamily from South America, was well established (Bremer & Jansen, 1992) and commonly recognized. Pertya and Ainsliaea consist of the majority of Mutisieae s.l. from China. They are shown to be a distinct monophyletic clade nested above the Cardueae and the African Mutisieae. The genus Gerbera and its allies (Leibntzia and Piloselloides) are nested in the Mutisieae s. str. clade with other taxa mostly from South America (see Funk et al., 2005). Nouelia and Leucomeris are shown to be near the base of the Mutisieae s. str. (Kim et al., 2002; Panero & Funk, 2002). [References are not listed elsewhere, so please give them in full in the format: Author, Book/Journal Volume: PagePage. Year.]
Uechtritzia Freyn, a genus previously recorded from Xinjiang (reference needed), is not included in this treatment because the first author has not seen any relevant material.
1a. Achenes apically stipitate-glandular, pappus completely absent .................. 8. Adenocaulon
1b. Achenes never glandular, pappus commonly present.
2a. Florets homomorphic.
3a. Capitula in a dense terminal cyme or glomerule ....................................... 2. Leucomeris
3b. Capitula in a loose glomerule, corymb, spike, panicle or solitary, never in a dense inflorescence.
4a. Pappus of scabrid bristles, commonly shrubs ................................................ 6. Pertya
4b. Pappus of plumose bristles or sometimes absent,
commonly perennial herbs
................................................................................................................ 7.
Ainsliaea
2b. Florets heteromorphic.
5a. Large shrub or small trees, marginal florets hermaphrodite .............................. l. Nouelia
5b. Perennial herbs, marginal florets female.
6a. Herbs dimorphic, with two phases in one year, vernal
and autumnal phase
............................................................................................................... 5.
Leibnitzia
6b. Herbs monomorphic, with only one phase in one year.
7a. Marginal female florets 1-seriate ............................................................. 4. Gerbera
7b. Marginal female florets 2-seriate ....................................................... 3. Piloselloides
栌菊木属 lu ju mu shu
Gao Tiangang (高天刚); please decide among yourselves who will co-author which genera
Large shrub to small tree. Leaves alternate, petiolate; leaf blade entire or minutely callously serrulate. Capitula many, large, solitary, terminal, radiate, homogamous. Involucre campanulate; phyllaries multiseriate, leathery, imbricate, unequal; receptacle flat to convex, alveolate. Florets all hermaphrodite, fertile, marginal florets uniseriate, bilabiate, outer lip 3-toothed to 3-lobed at apex, inner 2-lobed, lobes linear, revolute; central florets many, tubular or slightly bilabiate, deeply 5-lobed, regularly or slightly irregularly, lobes revolute. Anther bases long tailed, apex appendaged. Styles shallowly divided at apex, style arms short, apices obtuse to rounded. Achene cylindrical, ribbed, sericeous. Pappus of scabrid bristles, numerous. 2n = 54.
* One species.
栌菊木 lu ju mu
Large shrub to small tree, 34 m. Leaves evenly alternate; petiole 24 cm; leaf blade oblong to elliptic, 826 Χ 3.512 cm, thinly leathery, abaxially tomentose, adaxially glabrous, base obtuse to rounded, margin minutely callously serrulate, apex obtuse to acuminate. Capitula solitary, large, erect, terminal, radiate, ca. 5 cm in diam.; involucre 22.5 cm in diam.; phyllaries ca. 7-seriate, abaxially tomentulose, outer phyllaries shorter, ovate-triangular, 35 mm, median phyllaries oblong, ca. 1.5 cm, inner phyllaries lanceolate or linear, 22.5 cm. Florets white, marginal in 1 series, bilabiate, outer lip ca. 1.5 cm, central florets many, deeply 5-lobed, lobes ca. 8 mm; anther tails ca. 2 mm. Achenes 1.21.4 cm. Pappus ca. 1.5 cm. Fl. FebJun. 2n = 54.
* Forests, scrub; 10002900 m. SW Sichuan, Yunnan.
白菊木属 bai ju mu shu
Gao Tiangang (高天刚); ___
Shrub or small tree. Leaves alternate, petiolate; leaf blade entire or sparsely serrulate. Capitula in a dense terminal cyme or in a dense many-headed terminal glomerule, homogamous. Involucre obconic; phyllaries multiseriate, imbricate; receptacle flat. Florets few, all hermaphrodite, fertile, tubular, corolla deeply 5-lobed, lobes equal or nearly equal, revolute. Anther bases tailed, apex appendaged. Styles shallowly divided at apex, style arms short, apices obtuse. Achene cylindrical, ribbed, sericeous. Pappus of scabrid bristles, 2- or 3-seriate, outer shorter. 2n = 54.
Two species: China, India, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Thailand, Vietnam; one species in China.
白菊木 bai ju mu
Gochnatia decora (Kurz) Cabrera, Revista Mus. La Plata, Secc. Bot. 12: 131. 1971.
Small trees, (1)38(10) m. Leaves alternate; petiole 1.54 cm; leaf blade elliptic or oblong-lanceolate, 626 Χ 2.510 cm, papery, abaxially tomentose, adaxially glabrate, base cuneate, often unequal, margin repand, with sparse minutely callous serrae, apex acute, obtuse, or mucronate. Capitula in a dense 614-headed terminal glomerule, 810 mm in diam.; involucre 47 mm in diam.; phyllaries 68-seriate, outer phyllaries ovate, shorter, 1.54 mm, lanuginous, median phyllaries broad ovate or ovate-lanceolate, ca. 6 mm, sparsely lanuginous, inner phyllaries narrowly oblong or linear, 1315 mm, glabrous. Hysteranthous florets 57, white, deeply 5-lobed, lobes 78 mm; anther tails ca. 3 mm. Achenes 11.2 cm. Pappus 1.31.5 cm, light red or straw-colored yellowish. Fl. MarApr. 2n = 54.
Edges of forests, forests, scrub; 10001900 m. S and W Yunnan [Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam].
兔耳一枝箭属 tu er yi zhi jian shu
Gao Tiangang (高天刚); ___
Gerbera sect. Piloselloides Lessing, Linnaea 5: 296. 1830.
Perennial herbs. Leaves rosulate; leaf blade obovate to oblong, entire. Scapes 1 to many, ebracteate, expanded below capitula. Capitula terminal scapes, radiate, heterogamous, chasmogamous. Involucres disciform, phyllaries 2-seriate, receptacles flat, alveolate, glabrous, epaleaceous. Florets chasmogamous, all fertile, marginal two-seriate, female, bilabiate, outer female florets with obvious laminae, outer lip 3-denticulate at apex, inner shallowly 2-lobed, lobes filiform, coiled, inner female florets tubular-like, without obvious laminae, outer lip 3-toothed at apex, inner deeply 2-lobed; central florets numerous, hermaphroditic, bilabiate (tubular-like), outer lips 3-toothed at apex, inner deeply 2-lobed. Anther bases long tailed, apex appendages truncate. Styles shallowly divided at apex, style arms short. Achenes fusiform, long-rostrate, ribbed, finely bristly. Pappus of fine bristles.
Two species: Africa, Asia, Australia; one species in China.
兔耳一枝箭 tu er yi zhi jian
Arnica hirsuta Forsskεl, Fl. Aegypt.-Arab. 151. 1775; A. piloselloides Linnaeus; Gerbera amabilis Hance; G. hirsuta (Forsskεl) Lessing; G. ovalifolia Candolle; G. piloselloides (Linnaeus) Cassini.
Grassy open areas, edges of forests, disturbed sites; 9002400 m. Chongqing, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Xizang, Yunnan, Zhejiang [India, Indonesia, Japan, Laos, Myanmar, Nepal, Thailand, Vietnam; Africa, Australia].
火石花属 huo shi hua shu
Gao Tiangang (高天刚); ___
Berniera Candolle; Lasiopus Cassini; Oreoseris Candolle.
Perennial herbs, rhizomatous. Leaves rosulate; leaf blade oblanceolate, oblong, obovate, ovate, or subcircular, papery, herbaceous, or leathery, serrulate, dentate, repand, pinnatilobate, pinnatifid, or pinnatisect. Scapes 1, rarely many, slender through, ebracteate or with few to many bracts. Capitula terminal scapes, radiate, heterogamous, chasmogamous. Involucres obconic to broadly campanulate, phyllaries multiseriate, imbricate, receptacles flat, alveolate, glabrous, epaleaceous. Florets chasmogamous, all fertile, marginal 1-seriate, female, bilabiate, outer female florets with obvious laminae, rarely tubular-like (G. maxima), outer lip 3-denticulate at apex, inner deeply 2-lobed, lobes filiform, coiled; central florets numerous, hermaphroditic, bilabiate, outer lips 3-toothed at apex, inner deeply 2-lobed. Anther bases long tailed, apex appendaged. Styles shallowly divided at apex, style arms short, abaxially pilose, apices obtuse, rounded or sub-acute. Achenes terete or fusiform, ribbed, pilose or glabrous. Pappus of scabrid bristles. 2n = 46, 50.
About 30 species: Africa, Asia, South America (only one species); seven species (four endemic) in China.
The cultivated species Gerbera jamesonii Bolus is not included in the present treatment.
1a. Outer female florets without obvious laminae, tubular-like ............................. 1. G. maxima
1b. Outer female florets with obvious laminae.
2a. Capitula nodding, scapes ebracteate or 1 or 2 bracteate; achenes glabrous.
3a. Outer phyllaries only 1 mm wide, innermost about 3 mm, apexes acuminate; outer lips of female florets narrow, 34 mm, staminodes apexes erect .................................................. 2. G. nivea
3b. Outer phyllaries ca. 2.5 mm wide, innermost 67 mm,
apexes mucronate; outer lips of female florets wide, 68 mm, staminodes apexes hamate
3.
G. latiligulata
2b. Capitula erect, scapes multibracteate; achenes pilose.
4a. Phyllaries apexes acute, acuminate or mucronate.
5a. Leaf blade and petiole glabrous ..................................................... 4. G. raphanifolia
5b. Leaf blade abaxial surface densely lanuginose, petiole
cobwebby lanose
............................................................................................................ 5.
G. delavayi
4b. Phyllaries apexes rounded or obtuse.
6a. Leaf blade ovate-oblong to oblong, 1729 cm, 714 cm wide; involucre 4.55 cm in diam., phyllaries obviously unequal, apexes green, mucronate or nearly obtuse, innermost oblong 6. G. macrocephala
6b. Leaf blade broadly ovate or suborbicular, equally wide and long, 510 cm; involucre ca. 2.5 cm in diam., phyllaries nearly equal, apexes rufous, rounded ........................... 7. G. tanantii
箭叶火石花 jian ye huo shi hua
Chaptalia maxima D. Don, Prodr. Fl. Nepal. 166. 1825; Berniera nepalensis Candolle; Gerbera macrophylla Wallich ex C. B. Clarke; G. nepalensis Schultz Bipontinus.
Perennial, rhizome lanuginose. Leaves in basal rosette; petiole 1930 cm, lanuginose; leaf blade ovate-lanceolate, 1120 Χ 59 cm, sometimes with few small lobes at base, papery, abaxially densely white-lanuginose, adaxially glabrous, base cordate-sagittate, margin irregularly denticulate, apex acuminate. Scapes single or double, ca. 43 cm or longer, ebracteate, lanuginose. Capitula solitary, terminal, radiate, 2.53 cm in diam.; involucre broad-campanulate; phyllaries ca. 4-seriate, outer phyllaries linear-subulate, ca. 1 cm, inner phyllaries linear, ca. 2 cm. Marginal female florets bilabiate, tubular-like, corolla ca. 8 mm, inner lips oblong, ca. 4 mm; central hermaphroditic florets many, bilabiate, tubular-like, corolla ca. 8 mm. Achenes (immature) ca. 8 mm, nearly glabrous, ribbed. Pappus ca. 1 cm, whitish tawny. Fl. AugSep.
Edges of forests; ca. 2300 m. Xizang [Bhutan, India, Nepal, Pakistan, Thailand].
白背火石花 bai bei huo shi hua
Oreoseris nivea Candolle, Prodr. 7: 118. 1838.
Perennial, rhizome glabrous. Leaves in basal rosette; petiole 14 cm, lanuginose; leaf blade obovate-spatulate, 3.59 Χ 12.7 cm, papery, abaxially gray-lanuginose, adaxially glabrous, base attenuate, margin pinnatilobate to pinnatisect, apex obtuse to acuminate. Scapes 1525 cm, cobwebby lanose, bracts absent or 1 or 2, subulate, ca. 1 cm. Capitula solitary, nodding, terminal, radiate, 2.53 cm in diam.; involucre campanulate; phyllaries 4-seriate, outer phyllaries subulate, base lanuginose, ca. 1 cm, inner phyllaries oblong-lanceolate, ca. 2 cm. Marginal female florets bilabiate, outer lips long-elliptic, light red, 1415 Χ 34 mm, inner lips ca. 8 mm, coiled, staminodes apexes erect; central hermaphroditic florets many, bilabiate, corolla ca. 1.1 cm. Achenes terete, ca. 3 mm, glabrous, multi-ribbed. Pappus 810 mm. Fl. AugSep.
Alpine meadows, forest edges; 33004100 m. W Sichuan, S Xizang, NW Yunnan [India, Nepal].
阔舌火石花 kuo she huo shi hua
Perennial, rhizome glabrous. Leaves in basal rosette; petiole 37 cm, nearly glabrous; leaf blade obovate-lanceolate or obovate-oblong, 59 Χ 1.52 cm, papery, abaxially gray-lanuginose, adaxially glabrous, base attenuate, margin pinnatilobate, apex obtuse to acuminate. Scapes 1025 cm, cobwebby lanose, bracts 1 or 2, linear, ca. 1 cm. Capitula solitary, nodding, terminal, radiate, ca. 4 cm in diam.; involucre broadly campanulate; phyllaries 4-seriate, cobwebby lanose at least at apexes, outer phyllaries lanceolate, 810 mm, inner phyllaries oblong-lanceolate, 22.5 cm. Marginal female florets bilabiate, outer lips elliptic, light yellow, 1820 Χ 68 mm, inner lips ca. 1.2 cm, coiled, staminodes apexes hamate; central hermaphroditic florets many, bilabiate, corolla ca. 1.3 cm. Achenes fusiform, ca. 5 mm, glabrous, multi-ribbed. Pappus 810 mm, yellow-white. Fl. Sep.
* Rock fissures. Yunnan (Qiaojia).
光叶火石花 guang ye huo shi hua
Perennial, rhizome fulvous-lanuginose. Leaves in basal rosette; petiole 1015 cm, glabrous; leaf blade oblong or oblong-lanceolate, 1527 Χ 611 cm, papery, both surfaces glabrous, base attenuate, margin runcinate, apex mucronate. Scapes 3062 cm, cobwebby lanose, bracts many, subulate, 11.5 cm. Capitula solitary, erect, terminal, radiate, 2.54 cm in diam.; involucre campanulate; phyllaries 4- or 5-seriate, outer phyllaries linear, ca. 8 mm, sparsely tomentose, inner phyllaries oblong, 1.61.9 cm, glabrous. Marginal female florets bilabiate, outer lips strap-shaped, light red, 13 Χ 2.5 mm, inner lips 68 mm; central hermaphroditic florets many, white, bilabiate. Achenes terete, 5 mm, pilose. Pappus ca. 1.2 cm, brownish. Fl. OctNov.
* Forests; ca. 2700 m. NW Yunnan.
火石花 huo shi hua
Perennial, rhizome white-lanuginose. Leaves in basal rosette; petiole 1.57 cm, cobwebby lanose; leaf blade lanceolate, oblong-lanceolate, or ovate-oblong to ovate, 616 Χ 310 cm, leathery, abaxially white-lanuginose, adaxially glabrescent, base truncate or subcordate, margin repand, apex obtuse or mucronate. Scapes many, sometimes single, 1045 cm, cobwebby lanose, bracts many, linear-subulate or subulate, 0.51.5 cm. Capitula solitary, erect, terminal, radiate, 23.5 cm in diam.; involucre turbinate-campanulate; phyllaries 4- or 5-seriate, outer phyllaries subulate, 615 mm, inner phyllaries lanceolate, 1.54.5 cm. Marginal female florets bilabiate, outer lips oblong to narrowly elliptic, light red, 1315 Χ 33.5 mm, inner lips 89 mm; central hermaphroditic florets many, bilabiate, corolla 11.5 cm. Achenes terete, 33.5 mm, pilose, ribbed. Pappus 11.3 cm, yellow-white. Fl. OctApr.
Open places, mountain slopes, forest edges, forests; 18003200 m. Guizhou, Sichuan, Yunnan [N Vietnam].
1a. Leaf blade lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate ........................................................ 5a. var. delavayi
1b. Leaf blade ovate to ovate-oblong .......................................................................... 5b. var. henryi
火石花(原变种) huo shi hua (yuan bian zhong)
Gerbera uncinata Beauverd.
Leaf blade lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate. Fl. NovFeb.
Open places, mountain slopes, forest edges; 18003200 m. Yunnan, Sichuan [N Vietnam].
蒙自火石花 meng zi huo shi hua
Gerbera henryi Dunn, J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 35: 511. 1903.
Leaf blade ovate to ovate-oblong.
* Mountain slopes, forest edges, forests; 18003200 m. Guizhou, Yunnan.
巨头火石花 ju tou huo shi hua
Perennial. Leaves in basal rosette; petiole 510 cm, white-lanuginose; leaf blade ovate-oblong or oblong, 1729 Χ 714 cm, papery, abaxially densely lanuginose, adaxially lanuginose, base cordate, margin repand, apex mucronate. Scapes single, 1740 cm, densely white-lanuginose, bracts many, subulate, ca. 1.3 cm, abaxially lanuginose. Capitula solitary, erect, terminal, radiate, 5.57 cm in diam.; involucre broadly campanulate; phyllaries 4- or 5-seriate, densely white-lanuginose, outer phyllaries lanceolate, 46 mm, inner phyllaries oblong, 1.52 cm. Marginal female florets bilabiate, white, outer lips rounded to narrowly elliptic, 2224 Χ 56 mm, inner lips 1315 mm; central hermaphroditic florets many, bilabiate, corolla ca. 2.1 cm. Achenes (immature) terete, ca. 6 mm, densely villous. Pappus ca. 1.6 cm, light yellow. Fl. MarApr.
* Steep granite cliffs in gorges. Guizhou, Sichuan, NW Yunnan (Lijiang, Zhongdian).
钝苞火石花 dun bao huo shi hua
Perennial. Leaves in basal rosette; petiole longer than blade; leaf blade suborbicular, 57 Χ 57 cm, thickly papery, abaxially densely lanuginose, base broadly cordate, margin sinuate, apex obtuse or mucronate. Scapes 3040 cm, bracts lanceolate. Capitula solitary, terminal, radiate, involucre ca. 2.5 cm in diam.; phyllaries 4-seriate, nearly equal, abaxially lanuginose, apexes rounded and rufous. Marginal female florets bilabiate, corolla ca. 3 cm; central hermaphroditic florets bilabiate. Achenes (immature) hairy. Pappus white. Fl. unknown.
* S Yunnan.
The first author has not seen any type materials of this species; neither Wu and Peng (2002) nor Hansen (1988). The description is based on Tseng (1996) and the protologue. In the first authors opinion, this species is, however, morphologically distinctive from other Gerbera species in China. More field work is needed to clarify its identity, especially in the type location.
大丁草属 da ding cao shu
Gao Tiangang (高天刚); ___
Perennial herbs. Leaves rosulate, appearing before or with first capitula; leaf blade entire, pinnatifid, or lyrate. Scapes 111, bracteate, slender throughout. Capitula terminal scapes, radiate, heterogamous, appearing twice (spring and autumn) in one year, dimorphic, chasmogamous or cleistogamous. Involucres obconic, cylindrical or campanulate, phyllaries in 3 or 4 series, imbricate, receptacles flat to slightly convex, foveolate to alveolate, glabrous, epaleaceous. Vernal florets chasmogamous, all fertile, marginal uniseriate, female, bilabiate, with obvious laminae, outer lip 3-toothed at apex, inner 2-lobed, lobes linear; central florets many, hermaphroditic, bilabiate (tubular-like), laminae reduced. Autumnal florets cleistogamous, all fertile, marginal uniseriate, bilabiate (ray-like), with obvious laminae, outer lip 3-toothed at apex, inner lobes strongly reduced; central florets many, hermaphroditic, bilabiate in nature, narrowly tubular-like, lobes very short, nearly actinomorphic. Anther bases long tailed, apex appendages lanceolate. Styles shallowly divided at apex, style arms short, abaxially with pilose, apices rounded to truncate. Achenes fusiform, sometimes beaked, ribbed, strigose. Pappus of fine bristles. 2n = 46.
Six species: Bhutan, China, Guatemala, India, Japan, Korea, Mexico, Nepal, Pakistan, Russia, United States; four species in China.
1a. Pappus white to dark white or light brown, never violet-purple.
2a. Spring capitula appearing simultaneously with leaves ................................. 1. L. anandria
2b. Spring capitula appearing nearly before leaves .............................................. 2. L. pusilla
1b. Pappus orange-colored to dark yellow or violet-purple, never white.
3a. Achenes rostrate ...................................................................................... 3. L. ruficoma
3b. Achenes beakless .................................................................................. 4. L. nepalensis
大丁草 da ding cao
Tussilago anandria Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 865. 1753; Anandria laevipes Gandoger; Gerbera anandria (Linnaeus) Schultz Bipontinus; G. anandria var. densifolia Mattfeld; Gerbera anandria var. densiloba Mattfeld; G. anandria var. integripetala (Hayata) Yamamoto; G. bonatiana (Beauverd) Beauverd f. cavaleriei (Vaniot & H. Lιveillι) H. Lιveillι; G. cavaleriei Vaniot & H. Lιveillι; G. integripetala Hayata; G. pterodonta Y. C. Tseng; Perdicium anandria (Linnaeus) R. Brown; P. tomentosum Thunberg.
Perennial, rhizome covered by marcescent petiole, dimorphic. Vernal phase: leaves in basal rosette; petiole 24 cm, white lanuginose; leaf blade oblanceolate or obovate-oblong, 26 Χ 13 cm, papery, abaxially cobwebby lanose, adaxially nearly glabrous, base attenuate, obtuse, nearly truncate, or shallowly cordate, margin denticulate, sinuate, runcinate, apex mucronate. Scapes 1 or tufted, 520 cm, cobwebby lanose, bracts many, subulate or linear, 67 mm. Capitula solitary, terminal, radiate, 11.5 cm in diam.; involucre obconic; phyllaries ca. 3-seriate, abaxially lanuginose, outer phyllaries linear, ca. 4 mm, inner phyllaries linear-lanceolate, ca. 8 mm. Marginal female florets bilabiate, outer lips oblong, adaxially white, abaxially pink, or both surfaces pink, 38 Χ 11.5 mm, inner lips filiform, 1.52 mm, coiled, central hermaphroditic florets many, bilabiate, tubular-like, corolla 68 mm, outer lips ca. 3 mm oblong, inner lips 2.53 mm. Achenes fusiform, 56 mm, hairy. Pappus 57 mm, dark white. Fl. MarJul. Autumnal phase: leaves in basal rosette; petiole 2.58.5(25) cm, cobwebbed lignose; leaf blade ovate to or ovate-lanceolate, 615 Χ 46.5 cm, papery, adaxially nearly glabrous, abaxially cobwebby lanose, base attenuate, nearly truncate or shallowly cordate, margin denticulate or sinuate, apex mucronate. Scapes 1 or tufted, 1535 cm, cobwebby lanose, bracts many, subulate or linear, 11.5 cm. Capitula solitary, terminal, radiate, 1.52 cm in diam.; involucre campanulate; phyllaries ca. 3-seriate, abaxially lanuginose, outer phyllaries linear, 56 mm, inner phyllaries linear, 1516 mm. Florets cleistogamous, closed, marginal female, 1-seriate, bilabiate, tubular-like, corolla ca. 8 mm, central hermaphroditic, many, bilabiate, tubular-like, corolla ca. 7 mm. Achenes fusiform, ca. 7 mm, hairy. Pappus 1112 mm, dark white. Fl. AugNov. 2n = 46.
Mountain slopes, summits, or valleys; 6002600 m. Throughout China except Xinjiang and Xizang [Japan, Korea, Russia (Sakhalin, Siberia)].
This is a very variable species, especially in the leaf morphology.
灰岩大丁草 hui yan da ding cao
Oreoseris lanuginosa var. pusilla Wallich ex Candolle, Prodr. 7: 118. 1838; Gerbera anandria (Linnaeus) Schultz Bipontinus var. bonatiana Beauverd; G. bonatiana (Beauverd) Beauverd; G. lanuginosa Schultz Bipontinus var. pusilla (Candolle) J. D. Hooker; G. lijiangensis Y. C. Tseng, p.p. maj.; G. pusilla (Candolle) Schultz Bipontinus; G. saxatilis Chang & Y. C. Tseng; G. serotina Beauverd; Leibnitzia bonatiana (Beauverd) Kitamura; L. serotina (Beauverd) Kitamura.
Perennial, rhizome covered by marcescent leaf sheath, dimorphic. Vernal phase: leaves in rosette, appearing after capitula, nearly sessile; leaf blade lanceolate, to 12 Χ 5 mm, papery, abaxially cobwebby lanose, adaxially glabrous, base attenuate or nearly truncate, margin denticulate, repand, or runcinate, apex obtuse, rounded, or mucronate. Scapes 1 or tufted, 312 cm, cobwebby lanose, bracts many, narrowly lanceolate, 36 mm. Capitula solitary, terminal, radiate, 0.81.2 cm in diam.; involucre broadly campanulate; phyllaries ca. 3-seriate, oblong, abaxially lanuginose, outer phyllaries ca. 4 mm, inner phyllaries 811 mm. Marginal female florets bilabiate, outer lips oblong, ca. 5 mm, inner lips filiform, ca. 4 mm, central hermaphroditic florets many, bilabiate, tubular-like, corolla 4.57 mm. Achenes terete, 36 mm, pubescent. Pappus 46 mm, white or dark white. Fl. AprJun. Autumnal phase: leaves in rosette, appearing after capitula; petiole 1.53.5 cm, lanuginous; leaf blade elliptic-oblong or ovate, 310 Χ 1.53.5 cm, base subcordate, nearly truncate, or attenuate, margin sinuate or crenate, apex rounded or obtuse. Scapes 1 or tufted, 1030 cm, lanuginous, bracts many, subulate, linear or filiform, 12 cm. Capitula solitary, terminal, ca. 2 cm in diam.; involucre campanulate; phyllaries 3- or 4-seriate, outer phyllaries subulate to linear, 713 mm, inner phyllaries lanceolate to oblong or filiform, 1.42 cm. Florets cleistogamous, closed, marginal female, 1-seriate, bilabiate, tubular-like, corolla 413 mm, central hermaphroditic, many, bilabiate, tubular-like, as long as female floret. Achenes fusiform, 67 mm. Pappus 911 mm, dark white. Fl. JulOct.
Forests, on rocks; 24003600 m. Guizhou, Qinghai, Sichuan, Xizang, Yunnan [Bhutan, Nepal].
红缨大丁草 hong ying da ding cao
Gerbera ruficoma Franchet, J. Bot. (Morot) 2: 68. 1888.
Perennial, dimorphic. Vernal phase: no specimens in good state were seen. Most specimens are in Autumnal phase. Autumnal phase: leaves in rosette, rhizome covered by marcescent fibrous leaf sheath; petiole 46 cm, narrowly winged, ± lanuginous; leaf blade oblong or spatulate-oblong, 711 Χ 23.5 cm, papery, abaxially densely white-lanuginous, adaxially glabrescent, base attenuate, decurrent, margin undulate-runcinate, apex rounded or obtuse. Scapes 1 or sometimes double, 3052 cm, cobwebbed lanuginous, bracts subulate, 0.52 cm. Capitula solitary, terminal, ca. 2 cm in diam.; involucre campanulate; phyllaries 2- or 3-seriate, outer phyllaries linear-subulate, 57 mm, inner phyllaries linear, ca. 2.2 cm. Florets cleistogamous, closed, marginal female, 1-seriate, bilabiate, outer lips oblong, ca. 1.5 mm, inner lips filiform, reduced, central hermaphroditic, many, bilabiate, tubular-like, corolla ca. 5 mm. Achenes fusiform, apex attenuate into long beak, ca. 9 mm (incl. beak), pilose, ribbed. Pappus ca. 9 mm, orange-colored to dark yellow. Fl. AugSep.
Pinus forests, mountain slopes; 22002500 m. Sichuan, Xizang, Yunnan [Bhutan, Nepal].
尼泊尔大丁草 ni bo er da ding cao
Cleistanthium nepalense Kunze, Bot. Zeitung (Berlin) 9: 350. 1851; Gerbera connata Y. C. Tseng; G. curvisquama Handel-Mazzetti; G. kunzeana A. Braun & Ascherson; G. lijiangensis Y. C. Tseng, p.p. min.; Leibnitzia kunzeana (A. Braun & Ascherson) Pobedimova.
Perennial, rhizome covered by marcescent leaf sheath, dimorphic. Vernal phase: puny, leaves in rosette, rhizome covered by marcescent fibrous leaf sheath; petiole 24 cm; leaf blade ovate, 0.82 Χ 11.5 cm, papery, abaxially densely white-lanuginous, adaxially glabrous, base truncate or slightly decurrent, margin sparsely denticulate, apex rounded or mucronate. Scapes 1 or tufted, 4.57 cm, cobwebbed, bracts 2 or 3, subulate, ca. 5 mm. Capitula solitary, terminal, ca. 1 cm in diam.; involucre campanulate; phyllaries ca. 3-seriate, outer phyllaries lanceolate, 45 mm, inner phyllaries ovate, 910 mm. Florets chasmogamous, marginal female, 1-seriate, bilabiate, outer lips ovate-lanceolate to oblong, ca. 4.5 mm, inner lips filiform, reduced, central hermaphroditic, many, bilabiate, tubular-like. Achenes (immature) terete, ca. 6 mm, sparsely pubescent, ribbed. Pappus ca. 4 mm, dark purple. Fl. JunJul. Autumnal phase: larger than vernal phase, leaves in rosette, rhizome covered by marcescent fibrous leaf sheath; petiole 57 cm, ± lanuginous; leaf blade spatulate to oblong or lyrate, 67 Χ 23 cm, papery, abaxially white-lanuginous, adaxially glabrous, base decurrent, margin crenate or undulate, apex rounded or mucronate. Scapes 1 or tufted, 635 cm, lanuginous, bracts linear-subulate, ca. 2 cm. Capitula solitary, terminal, ca. 2 cm in diam.; involucre campanulate; phyllaries 3-seriate, outer phyllaries linear-subulate, ca. 6 mm, inner phyllaries oblong, 1.32.2 cm. Florets cleistogamous, closed, marginal female, 1-seriate, bilabiate, outer lips oblong, ca. 1 mm, inner lips filiform, reduced, central hermaphroditic, many, bilabiate, tubular-like, corolla as long as female florets. Achenes fusiform, apex tapering, ca. 5 mm, pilose. Pappus 67 mm, violet-purple. Fl. JulSep.
Grassy open areas, scrub, forest edges; 32004600 m. Sichuan, Xizang, Yunnan [Bhutan, India, Nepal, Pakistan].
帚菊属 zhou ju shu
Gao Tiangang (高天刚); ___
Macroclinidium Maximowicz.
Perennial herbs, subshrubs or shrubs, rarely scandent shrubs. Leaves alternate, or tufted on brachyblasts; leaf blade linear, subulate, lanceolate, oblong, or ovate, entire, dentate, or denticulate. Capitula subsessile or pedunculate, glomerulate, corymbose, paniculate or solitary, discoid, homogamous. Involucre campanulate or cylindric; phyllaries few seriate to multiseriate, imbricate, herbaceous or leathery; receptacle flat, alveolate or not, glabrous or villous around alveolar, epaleaceous. Florets few, hermaphrodite, fertile, tubular, corollas deeply 5-lobed, regularly or slightly irregularly, rarely obviously irregularly, lobes linear, revolute. Anther bases long tailed, apex appendaged. Styles shallowly divided at apex, style arms very short, abaxially with short hairs or papillae, apices obtuse. Achenes terete, obovoid or obconic, ribbed. Pappus of scabrid bristles, numerous. 2n = 24, 26, 28.
About 25 species: Afghanistan, China, Japan, Thailand; 18 species (17 endemic) in China.
1a. Leaf blade ovate to broadly ovate, rarely nearly elliptic on brachyblasts, (2.5)37.5 mm wide, margins serrate, 3-nerved.
2a. Leaves alternative or tufted; capitulum solitary, terminal on branches.
3a. Tufted leaves on branchlets elliptic; capitula terminal
on branchlets
11.
P. scandens
3b. Tufted leaves on branchlets ovate; capitula terminal on
long shoots
12.
P. shimozawai
2b. Leaves alternative; capitula many, rarely few, glomerulate or corymbose, axillary.
4a. Capitulum 1-flowered; involucres cylindrical, ca. 3 mm
in diam.
18.
P. desmocephala
4b. Capitulum 412-flowered; involucres campanulate, 512 mm in diam.
5a. Phyllary apex mucronate to acuminate, pungent ................................... 13. P. pungens
5b. Phyllary apex rounded to obtuse, never pungent.
6a. Capitula 14 cm pedicellate, single, double or corymbose; leaf blade base broadly cuneate, obtuse, or truncate.
7a. Florets all hermaphroditic; involucres narrowly
campanulate, 56 mm in diam., achenes glabrous or apexes sparsely pubescent;
pappus dark white
.................................................................................................. 14.
P. henanensis
7b. Marginal florets female, central florets bisexual; involucres broadly campanulate, ca. 12 mm in diam., achenes densely hairy; pappus brownish .......................... 15. P. corymbosa
6b. Capitula sessile or ca. 4 mm pedicellate, 38 capitula in glomerule; leaf blade base cordate, rarely truncate.
8a. Leaf blade apex mucronate or obtuse, 912 florets per
capitulum
................................................................................................... 16.
P. pubescens
8b. Leaf blade apex acuminate to caudate, 4 or 5 florets
per capitulum
.................................................................................................... 17.
P. cordifolia
1b. Leaf blade linear, oblong, linear-lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, rarely nearly elliptic, 16(15) mm wide, margins entire; 1-nerved, rarely with weak lateral nerves, never 3-nerved.
9a. Phyllaries multiseriate, at least 6- or 7-seriate; leaf margin strongly revolute.
10a. Capitula many and small, 1015 mm, 710 mm in diam., solitary and terminal on branchlets or subtended by tufted leaves, 46 florets per capitulum.
11a. Leaves on branchlets homogeneous, leaf margin strongly revolute, terete, apex mucronate 7. P. phylicoides
11b. Leaves on branchlets heterogeneous, leaf margin strongly or slightly revolute, dimorphic, one form terete, other form oblong or spatulate-oblong, apex obtuse or rounded 8. P. berberidoides
10b. Capitula few and large, 2.53 cm, 1.52.5 cm in diam., solitary and terminal on branches, 711 florets per capitulum.
12a. Capitula terminal, long-pedicellate, phyllaries ca. 6-seriate; leaves nearly terete 9. P. monocephala
12b. Capitula terminal or axillary, sessile, phyllaries 1618-seriate; leaves on branchlets oblong 10. P. tsoongiana
9b. Phyllaries 3- or 4-seriate, rarely 5-seriate, few; leaf blade flat.
13a. Capitula 1-florous.
14a. Leaf blade oblong to linear, 1140 Χ 25 mm; capitulum solitary, terminal on branchlet, phyllaries 3-seriate .................................................................................................. 5. P. uniflora
14b. Leaf blade elliptic or obovate, 212 Χ 16 mm; capitula many, in leafy panicles solitary, axillary or terminal, phyllaries 57-seriate ............................................................. 6. P. bodinieri
13b. Capitula multiflorous or with only 2 florets in female individuals.
15a. Involucres narrow, 23 mm in diam. ...................................................... 4. P. discolor
15b. Involucres wide, 58 mm in diam.
16a. Leaves without lateral nerves and reticulate nerves; flowers
hermaphroditic
3.
P. angustifolia
16b. Leaves with obvious lateral nerves and reticulate nerves; plants dioecious or gynodioecious.
17a. Phyllaries 4- or 5-seriate, unequal, dioecious ..................................... 1. P. sinensis
17b. Phyllaries 2- or 3-seriate, subequal, gynodioecious .............................. 2. P. dioica
华帚菊 hua zhou ju
Myripnois maximoviczii C. Wink.
Deciduous shrubs, 12 m tall. Leaves on long shoots alternate, petiole 24 mm, leaf blade oblong-lanceolate to lanceolate, 35 Χ 1.21.5 cm, papery, both surfaces sparsely pilose or glabrescent, base attenuate or obtuse, margin entire, apex acuminate or mucronate; leaves on branchlets 46, tufted, leaf blade oblong-lanceolate to narrowly elliptic, 46 Χ 1.21.5 cm or smaller. Capitula solitary, terminal on branchlets, dioecious; pedicel 23 cm; female capitula ca. 10 mm, with 4 or 5 florets, male 67 mm, with 912 florets; involucre narrowly campanulate or nearly cylindrical, 58 mm in diam.; phyllaries 4- or 5-seriate, abaxially glabrous or margins sparsely pubescent, outer phyllaries broadly ovate, ca. 2 mm, median obovate, ca. 5 mm, inner oblanceolate, 89 mm. Female florets corolla tubular, ca. 9 mm, deeply 5-lobed, lobes unequal; male florets corolla deeply 5-lobed, limbs expanded. Achenes fusiform, ca. 7 mm, 10-ribbed, densely hairy. Pappus 710 mm, yellow-white. Fl. JunAug.
* Scrub, coniferous forests; 21002500 m. Gansu, Henan, Hubei, Ningxia, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Sichuan.
蚂蚱腿子 ma zha tui zi
Myripnois dioica Bunge, Enum. Pl. Chin. Bor. 38. 1833.
Deciduous shrubs, 0.61.6 m tall. Leaves on long shoots alternate, petiole 35 mm, leaf blade elliptic or nearly oblong, 26 Χ 12 cm, papery, both surfaces villous as young and glabrescent as old, base rounded or cuneate, margin entire, apex mucronate to acuminate; leaves on branchlets tufted, nearly sessile, leaf blade broadly lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate. Capitula solitary, terminal on branchlets, nearly sessile or with pedicel ca. 8 mm, gynodioecious, hysteranthous, 710 mm in diam.; involucre campanulate or nearly cylindrical, 68 mm in diam.; phyllaries 2- or 3-seriate, few, nearly equal, oblong or nearly oblong, 810 mm, abaxially densely sericeous; female florets purple, corolla ca. 13 mm, irregularly deeply 5-lobed, often with one deepest slits; hermaphroditic florets white, corolla ca. 13 mm, irregularly deeply 5-lobed. Achenes fusiform, ca. 7 mm, densely hairy. Pappus of female florets numerous, ca. 10 mm, light white; pappus of hermaphroditic florets less, 78 mm, snow white. Fl. AprMay.
* Open places on mountain slopes; 100600 m. Hebei, Henan, Hubei, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Shaanxi, Shanxi.
狭叶帚菊 xia ye zhou ju
Shrubs. Leaves on long shoots alternate, nearly sessile, leaf blade lanceolate or narrowly lanceolate, 23.5 Χ 0.30.6 cm, papery, abaxially nearly glabrous, adaxially sparsely pubescent, base attenuate, margin entire, ciliate, apex acuminate; leaves on branchlets tufted, 3 or 4, nearly sessile, leaf blade oblong or obovate-oblong. Capitula solitary, terminal on branchlets, pedicel ca. 2 cm, 78 mm in diam.; involucre broadly campanulate, 56 mm, ca. 5 mm in diam.; phyllaries ca. 3-seriate, margin ± cobwebbed lanose, outer phyllaries ovate, ca. 3 mm, middle obovate-oblong or nearly elliptic, 67 mm, inner oblanceolate, 4.56 mm. Florets hermaphrodite, corolla tubular, 78.5 mm, deeply 5-lobed, lobes slightly unequal, oblong. Immature achenes obconic, ca. 1 mm, densely hairy. Pappus ca. 6 mm, snow white. Fl. Apr.
* Meadows, scrub; ca. 3600 m. Sichuan (Dawu).
两色狭叶帚菊 liang se zhou ju
Shrubs, 0.82 m tall. Leaves on long shoots alternate, petiole ca. 1 mm, leaf blade linear-lanceolate, 730 Χ 24 mm, papery, abaxially densely sericeous, adaxially glabrous or sparsely villous as young, base attenuate, margin entire, apex mucronate; leaves on branchlets tufted, 3 or 4, leaf blade lanceolate or oblanceolate, 1035 Χ 26 mm. Capitula solitary, terminal on branchlets, pedicel 25 mm, female capitula 11.1 cm, 2-florous, male capitula 78 mm, 35-florous; involucre cylindrical, 23 mm in diam.; phyllaries 3-seriate, abaxially densely white lanuginose, outer phyllaries ovate, 23 mm, inner narrowly elliptic, ca. 6 mm. Florets unisexual, purplish red, corolla tubular, ca. 7 mm, deeply 5-lobed. Achenes obovoid-oblong or nearly terete, ca. 5 mm, villous. Pappus ca. 8 mm, white. Fl. JunAug.
* Scrub on mountain summits or slopes, coniferous forests; 19003200 m. Gansu, Ningxia, Qinghai, Shanxi, Sichuan.
1a. Leaf blade adaxially glabrous or sparsely villous as young, abaxially densely sericeous 4a. var. discolor
1b. Leaf blade glabrous on both surfaces
or abaxially sparsely villous as young
...................................................................................................................... 4b.
var. calvescens
两色帚菊(原变种) liang se zhou ju (yuan bian zhong)
Leaf blade adaxially glabrous or sparsely villous as young, abaxially densely sericeous. Fl. JunAug.
* Scrub on mountain summits, coniferous forests; 19003100 m. Gansu, Ningxia, Qinghai, Shanxi, Sichuan.
同色帚菊 tong se zhou ju
Leaf blade glabrous on both surfaces or abaxially sparsely villous as young. Fl. Jul.
* Scrub on mountain slopes; ca. 3200 m. Gansu.
单花帚菊 dan hua zhou ju
Myripnois uniflora Maximowicz, Melanges Biol. Bull. Phys.-Math. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Petersbourg 11: 257. 1881.
Shrubs, ca. 1 m tall. Leaves on long shoots alternate, petiole ca. 1 mm, leaf blade oblong or linear-oblong, 1125 Χ 24 mm, papery, abaxially densely sericeous, adaxially sparsely villous, base attenuate, margin entire, apex mucronate or obtuse; leaves on branchlets tufted, 35, leaf blade narrowly oblong to linear-lanceolate, 1840 Χ 25 mm. Capitula solitary, terminal on branchlets, ca. 1.3 cm, 1-florous; pedicel 24 mm; involucre narrowly cylindrical, 910 mm, 23 mm in diam.; phyllaries ca. 3-seriate, abaxially densely white lanuginose, outer phyllaries ovate, ca. 3.5 mm, inner narrowly linear, 810 mm. Florets hermaphrodite, purplish red, corolla tubular, ca. 10 mm, deeply 5-lobed, lobes linear, revolute. Achenes obovoid, ca. 5 mm, white villous, ribbed. Pappus ca. 8 mm, white. Fl. JunAug.
* Scrub on mountain slopes; 19002100 m. Gansu.
昆明帚菊 kun ming zhou ju
Subshrubs, 0.61.5 m tall. Leaves on long shoots alternate, petiole 13 mm, leaf blade oblong, 515 Χ 37 mm, papery, both surfaces sparsely hispidulous, base attenuate, margin entire, ciliate, apex rounded or mucronate; leaves on branchlets tufted, 35, leaf blade nearly elliptic, 24 Χ 13 mm. Capitula many in large leafy panicles, 1-florous; pedicel (0)25 mm; involucre cylindrical, 1.31.5 cm, 45 mm in diam.; phyllaries 5-seriate, abaxially pubescent, outer phyllaries ovate, 23 mm, inner narrowly oblong, 1.21.4 cm. Florets hermaphrodite, corolla tubular, 1.71.9 cm, deeply 5-lobed, lobes linear, revolute. Achenes obovoid, ca. 6 mm, densely white villous, ribbed. Pappus 1.21.5 cm, white or white-yellow. Fl. JanMar.
* Stream banks; ca. 1900 m. Yunnan.
针叶帚菊 zhen ye zhou ju
Shrubs, ca. 1 m tall. Leaves on long shoots alternate, deciduous in flowering seasons, petiole very short, marcescent, leaf blade flat, linear-lanceolate to ovate oblong, 48 Χ 14 mm; leaves on branchlets tufted, 46, sessile, leaf blade linear-lanceolate, 37 Χ 11.2 mm, abaxially glabrous, adaxially white sericeous, base attenuate, margin entire, strongly revolute, apex mucronate. Capitula solitary, terminal on branches, sessile, ca. 1.5 cm, 46-florous; involucre cylindrical, ca. 1 cm, ca. 5 mm in diam.; phyllaries 6- or 7-seriate, abaxially sparsely pubescent, margins villous, outer phyllaries ovate, 22.5 mm, inner oblong-lanceolate, ca. 1 cm. Florets hermaphrodite, corolla tubular, ca. 1 cm, deeply 5-lobed, lobes oblong-lanceolate, unequal. Achenes terete, 56 mm, densely white villous. Pappus ca. 1 cm, dark white. Fl. JunSep.
* Dry valleys; 24003100 m. Xizang, Yunnan.
异叶帚菊 yi ye zhou ju
Perrya bodinieri Vaniot var. berberidoides Handel-Mazzetti.
Shrubs, 0.51.5 m tall. Leaves on long shoots alternate, petiole base expanded, very short, leaf blade flat, ovate or ovate-lanceolate, 58 Χ 25 mm, both surfaces nearly glabrous, base rounded, margin entire or 2-dentate near middle part, apex attenuate; leaves on branchlets tufted, 46, sessile, dimorphic, one form flat, oblong to spatulate-oblong, 49 Χ 11.7 mm, abaxially glabrous, adaxially white stellate hairy, base attenuate, margin entire, slightly revolute, apex obtuse or rounded, other form strongly revolute, terete or awl-shaped, 25 Χ 0.71.2 mm, abaxially glabrous, adaxially densely sericeous, base attenuate, margin entire, strongly revolute, apex obtuse or mucronate. Capitula solitary, terminal on branches, sessile, 710 mm in diam., 5- or 6-florous; involucre cylindrical, ca. 6 mm in diam.; phyllaries 6- or 7-seriate, margins ciliate, outer phyllaries ovate, 1.52 mm, inner 912 mm. Florets hermaphrodite, corolla tubular, 11.3 cm, deeply 5-lobed, lobes oblong-lanceolate. Achenes terete, ca. 6 mm, densely white villous. Pappus ca. 1.1 cm, dark white. Fl. JunSep.
* Mountain slopes, dry valleys; 24003200 m. Sichuan, Xizang, Yunnan.
单头帚菊 dan tou zhou ju
Shrubs, 3080 cm tall. Leaves on long shoots alternate, deciduous in flowering seasons, petiole very short, marcescent, leaf blade not seen; leaves on branchlets tufted, 46, rarely 9, sessile, leaf blade linear-lanceolate, 56 Χ 12 mm, abaxially sparsely cobwebbed lanose or nearly glabrous, adaxially white sericeous, base obtuse, margin entire, strongly revolute, apex mucronate. Capitula few, solitary, terminal on branches, ca. 2.5 cm, 711-florous; pedicel 0.52.5 cm; involucre nearly campanulate, ca. 2 cm, ca. 1.5 cm in diam.; phyllaries ca. 6-seriate, outer phyllaries ovate, 35 mm, inner lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, ca. 2 cm. Florets hermaphrodite, corolla tubular, ca. 2 cm, deeply 5-lobed, lobes linear. Achenes terete, ca. 8 mm, densely white villous. Pappus 1.31.5 cm, snow white. Fl. JanFeb.
* Dry valleys; 19003000 m. Xizang, Yunnan.
巫山帚菊 wu shan zhou ju
Shrubs, 11.5 m tall. Leaves on long shoots alternate, deciduous in flowering seasons, petiole very short, marcescent, leaf blade not seen; leaves on branchlets tufted, 25, nearly sessile, leaf blade oblong, rarely narrowly elliptic, 612 Χ 25 mm, abaxially glabrous, adaxially glabrous or sparsely pubescent along mid-nerves, base rounded, margin entire, slightly revolute, apex obtuse or rounded. Capitula very few, solitary, terminal on branchlets or very rarely axillary on long shoots, sessile, 2.53 cm, 810-florous; involucre turbinate-campanulate, 22.5 Χ 1.51.8 cm; phyllaries 1618-seriate, abaxially sparsely villous, margins scarious, lacerate, outer phyllaries ovate, ca. 0.5 mm, inner oblong-lanceolate, ca. 1.5 cm. Florets hermaphrodite, corolla tubular, ca. 1.9 cm, deeply 5-lobed, lobes linear, 89 mm. Achenes fusiform-terete, 89 mm, densely white villous, ribbed. Pappus ca. 1.2 cm, white. Fl. AprMay.
* Mountain slopes; 300700 m. Sichuan (Wushan).
长花帚菊 chang hua zhou ju
Erigeron scandens Thunberg; Leucomeris scandens (Thunberg) Schultz Bipontinus; Pertya scandens Schultz Bipontinus var. viridis Nakai.
Shrubs, 11.5 m tall. Leaves on long shoots alternate, petiole short, leaf blade papery, 3-nerved, ovate, 2.53.5 Χ 1.52.5 cm, both surfaces glabrous, base rounded, margin serrate, apex acute or obtuse; leaves on branchlets tufted, 3 or 4, petiole 24 mm, 3-nerved, leaf blade elliptic or narrowly elliptic, 46.5 Χ 1.52.5 cm or 1.53 Χ 0.71 cm, abaxially glabrous, adaxially sparsely hispidulous along mid-nerves, base cuneate, margins serrulate, apex acuminate. Capitula solitary, terminal on branchlets, sessile, ca. 3 cm, multiflorous; involucre cylindrical, ca. 1.5 Χ 0.8 cm; phyllaries ca. 7-seriate, margins and apexes sparsely pilose, outer phyllaries ovate, 11.2 mm, inner narrowly oblong, ca. 1.2 cm. Florets hermaphrodite, corolla tubular, 1.61.9 cm, deeply 5-lobed, lobes linear-oblong, unequal. Achenes obconic, ca. 7 mm, densely white hairy, ribbed. Pappus 0.81.1 cm, white. Fl. JulAug.
Forest edges, open forests. Fujian, Jiangxi [Japan].
台湾帚菊 tai wan zhou ju
Pertya scandens Schultz Bipontinus var. shimozawai (Masamune) Kitamura.
Shrubs. Leaves on long shoots alternate, petiole 13 mm, leaf blade papery, 3-nerved, ovate, 25 Χ 1.54.5 cm, both surfaces sparsely villous, base rounded, margin mucronulate-dentate, apex acute or obtuse; leaves on branchlets tufted, 3 or 4, leaf blade ovate, deciduous, both surfaces sparsely villous, apex acute. Capitula solitary, terminal on long shoots, ca. 13-florous; involucre campanulate, 1.41.7 cm; phyllaries ca. 7-seriate, outer phyllaries ovate, inner narrowly oblong, ca. 1.2 cm. Florets hermaphrodite, corolla tubular, ca. 1.3 cm, deeply 5-lobed, lobes linear, revolute. Achenes obconic, ca. 5.5 mm, densely white villous, ribbed. Pappus 1.11.2 cm. Fl. Nov.
* Open forests; 3001400 m. Taiwan.
尖苞帚菊 jian bo zhou ju
Subshrubs, 1 m tall. Leaves alternate; petiole 35 mm; leaf blade ovate, 35.5 Χ 24 cm, papery, 3-nerved, both surfaces villous, base truncate or nearly truncate, margin sparsely callous-denticulate, apex acuminate. Capitula 24-clustered on branch terminals, 7-florous; involucre narrowly campanulate, 1.61.9 Χ 0.6 cm; phyllaries ca. 7-seriate, abaxially glabrous or only outer phyllaries abaxially pubescent, apexes acute to acuminate, pungent, outer phyllaries ovate, 1.84 mm, inner linear, 1.21.3 cm. Florets hermaphrodite, corolla tubular, ca. 1.3 cm, deeply 5-lobed, lobes linear, 36.5 mm, unequal. Achenes fusiform, 67 mm, white villous, ribbed. Pappus 11.2 cm, brownish. Fl. OctNov.
* Stream banks. Guangdong (Yangchun), Guangxi (specimens not seen), Hong Kong (specimens not seen).
瓜叶帚菊 guan ye zhou ju
Perennial herbs, ca. 1 m tall. Leaves alternate; petiole 58 mm; leaf blade ovate to broadly ovate, 5.510 Χ 37.5 cm, papery, 3-nerved, adaxially villous, adaxially sparsely villous along mid-nerves, base broadly cuneate or sometimes truncate, never cordate, margin hornlike-dentate, ciliate, apex acuminate. Capitula solitary or double, axillary on upper part of branches, ca. 2 cm, ca. 1 cm in diam., 79-florous; pedicel 415 mm; involucre cylindrical, ca. 1.5 Χ 0.50.6; phyllaries 6- or 7-seriate, abaxially villous, margins ciliate, outer phyllaries ovate, ca. 2 mm, inner linear, ca. 1.1 cm. Florets hermaphrodite, corolla tubular, 11.1 cm, deeply 5-lobed, lobes linear, revolute. Immature achenes terete, ca. 5 mm, glabrous or apically sparsely pubescent, ribbed. Pappus ca. 0.8 cm, dark white. Fl. Sep.
* Forests; 9001100 m. Henan, Sichuan.
疏花帚菊 shu hua zhou ju
Subshrubs, 13 m tall. Leaves alternate; petiole 34 mm; leaf blade ovate or broadly ovate, 68 Χ 46 cm, subleathery, 3-nerved, both surfaces sparsely villous along nerves, adaxially sparsely villous along mid-nerves, base broadly cuneate or obtuse, margin sparsely denticulate on middle and upper part, apex acute to acuminate. Capitula many in corymb, terminal on branches, 10- or 11-florous; peduncle 14 cm; involucre broadly campanulate, 1.21.5 Χ ca. 1.2 cm; phyllaries 8-seriate, abaxially densely pubescent, apexes rounded or obtuse, outer phyllaries ovate, 23 mm, inner narrowly oblong, ca. 10 mm. Florets hermaphrodite, corolla tubular, 1.21.4 cm, deeply 5-lobed, lobes linear. Achenes fusiform, ca. 8 mm, hispid, ribbed. Pappus ca. 11.2 cm, brownish. Fl. JulOct.
* Dense forests. Guangxi, Hunan.
腺叶帚菊 xian ye zhou ju
Pertya cordifolia Mattfeld var. pubescens Ling.
Subshrubs, 12 m tall. Leaves alternate; petiole 35(10) mm; leaf blade broadly ovate or ovate, 58 Χ 47 cm, papery, 3-nerved, both surfaces densely pubescent, base broadly cordate, nearly auriculate, sometimes truncate, margin sparsely denticulate, apex acute or obtuse. Capitula solitary or 2 or 3 in glomerule, axillary, 912-florous; peduncle 411 mm; involucre narrowly campanulate, 1.11.3 cm Χ 68 mm; phyllaries 7- or 8-seriate, abaxially densely sericeous, apexes obtuse or acute (inner phyllaries), outer phyllaries broadly ovate, 13 mm, inner linear-oblong, 910 mm. Florets hermaphrodite, corolla tubular, ca. 1.8 cm, deeply 5-lobed, lobes linear, unequal. Achenes nearly fusiform, 56 mm, sericeous, ribbed. Pappus ca. 1.11.4 cm, light brownish. Fl. JulOct.
* Open forests, grassy areas of stream banks, roadsides; 6001000 m. Fujian, Guangdong, Jiangxi, Zhejiang.
心叶帚菊 xin ye zhou ju
Subshrubs, 11.8 m tall. Leaves alternate; petiole 24 mm; leaf blade broadly ovate, 57 Χ 3.56 cm, papery, 3-nerved, both surfaces sparsely hispidulous as young, glabrate as old, base cordate or shallowly cordate, sometimes nearly truncate, margin undulate or sparsely denticulate, apex acuminate. Capitula 38 in glomerule, axillary, 4- or 5-florous; peduncle 12 cm; involucre narrowly campanulate, ca. 1.2 cm Χ 56 mm; phyllaries ca. 8-seriate, abaxially pubescent, apexes obtuse, outer phyllaries ovate, 1.84 mm, inner linear-oblong, 89 mm. Florets hermaphrodite, corolla tubular, 1.51.6 cm, deeply 5-lobed, lobes linear, unequal. Achenes nearly fusiform, ca. 6 mm, densely hispidulous, ribbed. Pappus ca. 11.2 cm, light brownish. Fl. SepOct.
* Edges of forests or scrub; 8001500 m. Anhui, Hunan, Jiangxi.
聚头帚菊 ju tou zhou ju
Perennial herbs, 0.51 m tall. Leaves alternate; petiole 37 mm; leaf blade broadly ovate, 47.5 Χ 26.5 cm, papery, 3-nerved, both surfaces sparsely villous, glabrate as old, base shallowly cordate or auriculate, margin undulate-serrate, apex acuminate. Capitula 25 in glomerule, axillary on upper parts of branches, 1-florous; peduncle 25 mm; involucre cylindrical, 1.11.3 cm Χ ca. 3 mm; phyllaries ca. 7-seriate, abaxially apically pubescent, apexes obtuse to slightly acuminate, outer phyllaries ovate, 1.82.5 mm, inner linear, 1.11.3 cm. Florets hermaphrodite, corolla tubular, 1.31.5 cm, deeply 5-lobed, lobes linear, unequal. Achenes fusiform, ca. 9 mm, villous, ribbed. Pappus ca. 1.3 cm, dark white to light brownish. Fl. AugNov.
* Forest edges, meadows, roadsides; 5001200 m. Fujian, Guangdong, Jiangxi, Zhejiang.
兔儿风属 tu er feng shu
Gao Tiangang (高天刚); ___
Diaspananthus Miquel.
Perennial herbs. Leaves alternate, often in basal rosettes or densely aggregated near median part of stems; leaf blade linear, ovate, elliptic, or orbicular, entire, crenate, denticulate, dentate, or lobed. Paraclade capitula in reduced or complex compound cymes, paraclades in spikes, racemes or elongated panicles, capitula sometimes nodding, discoid, homogamous. Involucres cylindrical; phyllaries multiseriate, imbricate; receptacle small, glabrous, epaleaceous. Florets few, (1)3(5), hermaphrodite, all fertile, chasmogamous or cleistogamous; chasmogamous corollas open, deeply irregularly 5-lobed, one of slits much longer than others, lobes linear, revolute; cleistogamous corolla (if present) closed, tubular, shorter than pappus. Anther bases long tailed, apex appendages truncate to rounded, sometimes apiculate. Styles shallowly divided at apex, style arms short, abaxially with papillae, apices obtuse to acute, rounded or truncate. Achenes terete or fusiform, ribbed, glabrous or pilose. Pappus of plumose bristles or sometimes absent. 2n = 12, 16, 24, 26, 28, 30.
About 50 species: Afghanistan, Bhutan, China, India, Indonesia, Japan, Nepal, Philippines, Thailand, Vietnam. 35 species (26 endemic) in China, plus nine species and two varieties are treated as uncertain.
1a. Subshrubs; stems much branched ............................................................. 1. A. pertyoides
1b. Perennial herbs; stems not branched.
2a. Leaves aggregated near or towards median part of stem, sometimes alternate between base and median part of stem, never in basal rosette.
3a. Leaves alternate above base part of stem.
4a. Leaf base attenuate or cuneate .............................................................. 33. A. glabra
4b. Leaf base cordate.
5a. Petiole broadly winged ....................................................................... 34. A. smithii
5b. Petiole wingless .................................................................................. 35. A. aptera
3b. Leaves aggregated near or towards median part of stem.
6a. Paraclades in panicle.
7a. Capitulum 1-florous, leaf blade subrounded, palmatifid .............. 29. A. lancangensis
7b. Capitulum (2 or)3-florous, leaf blade never palmatifid.
8a. Leaf blade ovate, ovate-rhombic or elliptic, 26 cm wide .................. 30. A. foliosa
8b. Leaf blade lanceolate to linear, 313 mm wide.
9a. Leaf 3-nerved ............................................................................. 31. A. trinervis
9b. Leaf 1-nerved .............................................................................. 32. A. walkeri
6b. Paraclades in spike or raceme.
10b. Leaf blade abaxially purplish red or caerulescent.
11a. Leaf base cordate ........................................................................... 27. A. gracilis
11b. Leaf base attenuate or cuneate .......................................................... 28. A. caesia
10a. Leaf blade both surfaces green.
12a. Leaf blade subrounded, palmately nerved ..................................... 24. A. acerifolia
12b. Leaf blade broadly ovate to ovate-lanceolate, rarely elliptic, 3-nerved or pinnately nerved.
13a. Achenes glabrous or nearly glabrous ............................. 25. A. macroclinidioides
13b. Achenes pilose ................................................................... 26. A. grossedentata
2b. Leaves in basal rosette.
14a. Paraclades in panicle.
15a. Leaf base obtuse, rounded, attenuate or narrowed into winged petiole.
16a. Leaf blade both surfaces glabrous or only abaxially sparsely strigose, not ciliate 21. A. nervosa
16b. Leaf blade both surfaces strigose, ciliate.
17a. Basal leaves base attenuate, slightly decurrent; cauline leaves many; involucres abaxially glabrous ................................................................................................... 22. A. angustata
17b. Basal leaves base obtuse or rounded; cauline leaves reduced, only 1 or sometimes 24; involucres abaxially pilose before flowering seasons and glabrate after flowering seasons 23. A. pingbianensis
15b. Leaf base cordate.
18a. Leaf blade abaxially red or purplish red.
19a. Leaf blade large, 59 Χ 2.34.3 cm, panicle 1218 cm, inflorescence axis strigose 17. A. rubrifolia
19b. Leaf blade small, 716 Χ 510 mm, panicle ca. 5 cm, inflorescence axis glabrous 18. A. nana
18b. Leaf blade abaxially green or white (densely lanuginous).
20a. Leaf blade abaxially densely white lanuginous .................................. 19. A. elegans
20b. Leaf blade abaxially villous .............................................................. 20. A. ramosa
14b. Paraclades in spike, rarely in raceme.
21a. Leaf blade base cordate.
22a. Petiole winged ..................................................................................... 2. A. bonatii
22b. Petiole wingless.
23a. Leaf margin ciliate, leaf blade abaxially violaceous along nerves, sometimes wholly purplish red.
24a. Leaf blade apex obtuse or mucronate extended from mid-nerve ..... 3. A. fragrans
24b. Leaf blade apex shortly acuminate ............................................. 4. A. rubrinervis
23b. Leaf margin not ciliate, leaf blade abaxially never purplish red or violaceous.
25a. Leaf blade abaxially strigose, sometimes only along
nerves
................................................................................................. 5.
A. chapaensis
25b. Leaf blade abaxially densely white tomentose.
26a. Leaf margin dentate ................................................................. 6. A. crassifolia
26b. Leaf margin obscurely denticulate ............................................. 7. A. apteroides
21b. Leaf blade base attenuate, rounded, truncate or constricted into petiole wing, never cordate.
27a. Leaf sessile ........................................................................................... 8. A. mairei
27b. Leaf petiolate.
28a. Petiole wingless.
29a. Petiole very short, 38(15) mm ................................................... 14. A. spicata
29b. Petiole longer, 27.5 cm.
30a. Leaf blade leathery, involucre more than 10 mm .................. 15. A. yunnanensis
30b. Leaf blade subleathery, involucre more than 13 mm .................... 16. A. fulvipes
28b. Petiole winged.
31a. Involucre more than 1 cm.
32a. Phyllaries pilose, anther appendages truncate ...................... 9. A. macrocephala
32b. Phyllaries glabrous, anther appendages apiculate ....................... 10. A. qianiana
31b. Involucre less than 1 cm.
33a. Petiole wholly winged ................................................................ 11. A 1atifolia
33b. Petiole partly winged on upper part.
34a. Achenes glabrous or apically pilose ............................................ 12. A. henryi
34b. Achenes densely pilose ............................................................. 13. A. reflexa
腋花兔儿风 ye hua tu er feng
Subshrubs, 0.51.2 m tall, much branched. Leaves alternate; petiole 25 mm, wingless, strigose; leaf blade ovate or ovate-lanceolate, cauline leaf blade 6.511 Χ 35.5 cm, papery, adaxially glabrous, abaxially villous or tomentose, base cordate, margin entire to callous-denticulate, ciliate, apex acuminate, palmate-pinnate nerved. Inflorescence axis branches, obviously bracteate; paraclades in leafy panicle. Capitula nearly sessile or shortly pedicellate, 3-florous; involucre cylindrical, ca. 3 mm in diam.; phyllaries ca. 6-seriate, papery, abaxially glabrous or apically pubescent, outer phyllaries ovate, 23 mm, inner narrowly oblong to oblong, ca. 1.2 cm. Florets hermaphrodite, chasmogamous, corolla white, tubular, ca. 1.6 cm, deeply 5-lobed, lobes unequal, anther appendages rounded. Achenes subfusiform, ca. 6 mm, ribbed, densely sericeous. Pappus ca. 8 mm, white. Fl. MarJun and SepOct.
* Stream banks, rock fissures, moist areas in forests; 15002500 m. Guizhou, Sichuan, Yunnan.
Limestone forests; 10002500 m. Guizhou, Yunnan [Vietnam]. Two distributions! Which is correct? Also, is India (see below) correct?
1a. Leaf blade abaxially densely villous .................................................................. 1a. var. pertyoides
1b. Leaf blade abaxially densely white tomentose ........................................... 1b. var. albotomentosa
腋花兔儿风(原变种) ye hua tu er feng (yuan bian zhong)
Ainsliaea pertyoides f. sparsiflora (Vaniot) Beauverd; A. pertyoides var. sparsiflora (Vaniot) H. Lιveillι; A. sparsiflora Vaniot.
Leaf blade abaxially densely villous. Fl. MarJun and SepOct.
Stream banks or moist areas in forests; 15002500 m. Guizhou, Sichuan, Yunnan [India].
白背兔儿风 bai bei tu er feng
Ainsliaea ovalifolia Vaniot; A. pertyoides var. intermedia Beauverd; A. pertyoides f. ovalifolia (Vaniot) Beauverd; A. pteropoda Candolle f. valifolia (Vaniot) H. Lιveillι.
Leaf blade abaxially densely white tomentose. Fl. NovJan and MarJun.
* Stream banks, rock fissures, moist areas in dense forests; 17002500 m. Guizhou, Sichuan, Yunnan.
心叶兔儿风 xin ye tu er feng
Ainsliaea bonatii var. arachnoidea Beauverd; A. bonatii var. glabra Beauverd; A. mattfeldiana Handel-Mazzetti.
Perennial herbs, 3585 cm tall. Leaves in basal rosette; petiole 514(20) cm, broadly winged; leaf blade rounded or broadly ovate, 511 Χ 410 cm, papery, both surfaces gray-white lanuginous, sometimes glabrate, base cordate, margin callous-denticulate, apex rounded, obtuse or acute, palmate-pinnate nerved. Inflorescence axis single, obviously or obscurely bracteate; paraclades in spike. Capitula 46 in 1 paraclade, nearly sessile, ca. 1 cm in diam., 3(or 4)-florous; involucre cylindrical, 1.31.4 cm Χ ca. 3 mm; phyllaries 5- or 6-seriate, scarious, abaxially apically strigose, outer phyllaries ovate, 22.5 mm, inner linear, ca. 1.2 cm. Florets hermaphrodite, chasmogamous and cleistogamous at different seasons. Chasmogamous florets corolla tubular, ca. 1.7 cm, deeply 5-lobed, lobes unequal, anther appendages truncate. Achenes subterete, ca. 5 mm, ribbed, densely pilose. Pappus 6.58 mm, brownish. Fl. OctNov. Cleistogamous florets corolla closed, cylindrical, 3.55 mm, hidden in pappus. Achenes subfusiform, ca. 6 mm, ribbed, densely pilose. Pappus 67 mm, dark yellow or dark brownish. Fl. AugOct.
* Dense forests, stream banks; 9003500 m. Chongqing, Guizhou, Sichuan, Yunnan.
杏香兔儿风 xing xiang tu er feng
Ainsliaea asarifolia Hayata; A. ningpoensis Matsuda.
Perennial herbs, 2560 cm tall. Leaves in basal rosette; petiole 1.56 cm, wingless, strigose; leaf blade ovate to ovate-lanceolate, 211 Χ 1.55 cm, subleathery, adaxially glabrous or sparsely pilose, abaxially villous, especially along nerves, base cordate, margin entire or sparsely callous-denticulate, ciliate, apex obtuse or mucronate extended from mid-nerve, palmate-pinnate nerved. Inflorescence axis single, obscurely bracteate; paraclades in spike. Capitula nearly sessile or shortly pedicellate, 3-florous; involucre cylindrical, 33.5 mm in diam.; phyllaries ca. 5-seriate, papery, abaxially glabrous, outer phyllaries ovate, 1.82 mm, inner narrowly elliptic, ca. 1.1 cm. Florets hermaphrodite, chasmogamous and cleistogamous in single plant. Chasmogamous florets white, corolla tubular, ca. 1 cm, deeply 5-lobed, lobes linear, unequal, anther appendages obtuse. Achenes terete or subfusiform, ca. 4 mm, ribbed, densely villous throughout or on upper part. Pappus ca. 7 mm, light brownish. Cleistogamous florets corolla closed, cylindrical, ca. 8 mm, hidden in pappus. Achenes ca. 5 mm. Pappus ca. 12 mm. Fl. SepDec.
Scrub, roadsides, grassy areas by stream banks; near sea level to 900 m. Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Yunnan, Zhejiang [Japan].
红脉兔儿风 hong mai tu er feng
Perennial herbs, 2737 cm tall. Leaves in basal rosette; petiole 1.511 cm, wingless, strigose; leaf blade ovate or ovate-lanceolate, 2.511 Χ 1.44 cm, subleathery, adaxially green, sparsely strigose, abaxially whitish green, nerves violaceous, strigose, base cordate, margin entire or obscurely callous-denticulate, ciliate, apex shortly acuminate, palmate-pinnate nerved. Inflorescence axis single, obscurely bracteate; paraclades in spike. Capitula single or 2 or 3 in 1 reduced paraclade, nearly sessile or shortly pedicellate, ca. 6 mm in diam., 3-florous; involucre cylindrical, 34 mm in diam.; phyllaries ca. 6-seriate, papery, abaxially glabrous, outer phyllaries ovate, 23 mm, inner narrowly oblong, 911 mm. Florets hermaphrodite, chasmogamous, corolla white, tubular, ca. 1 cm, deeply 5-lobed, lobes linear, unequal, anther appendages apiculate. Achenes fusiform, ca. 4.5 mm, ribbed, densely pilose. Pappus ca. 7 mm, dark white. Fl. JunJul.
* Forests; 8001000 m. Sichuan.
边地兔儿风 bian di tu er feng
Perennial herbs, 2560 cm tall. Leaves in basal rosette; petiole 26(10) cm, wingless, villous or glabrate; leaf blade ovate, 36 Χ 24 cm, papery, adaxially glabrous or villous on mid-nerve, abaxially at least villous on nerves, base shallowly cordate, margin callous-denticulate, apex obtuse or mucronate, palmate-pinnate nerved. Inflorescence axis single, obviously bracteate; paraclades in spike. Capitula 1 or 2 in 1 reduced paraclade, nearly sessile, 3- or 4-florous; involucre cylindrical, ca. 3 mm in diam.; phyllaries ca. 5- or 6-seriate, papery, abaxially glabrous or sparsely pilose, outer phyllaries ovate, 23 mm, inner oblong, 911 mm. Florets hermaphrodite, chasmogamous and cleistogamous. Chasmogamous florets corolla tubular, ca. 1 cm, deeply 5-lobed, lobes oblong, unequal, anther appendages obtuse. Immature achenes terete, ca. 4 mm, ribbed, densely villous. Pappus ca. 7 mm, light brownish. Cleistogamous florets corolla closed, cylindrical, ca. 4.2 mm, hidden in pappus. Fl. DecApr.
Open forests, sandy places near seashores; below 800 m. Guangxi, Hainan, Yunnan [Vietnam].
厚叶兔儿风 hou ye tu er feng
Perennial herbs, 4080 cm tall. Leaves in basal rosette; petiole 411 cm, wingless, white lanuginous; leaf blade ovate, 913 Χ 611 cm, papery, adaxially green, sparsely white lanuginous, abaxially white, densely white lanuginous, base cordate, margin obviously dentate, apex obtuse or rounded, palmate-pinnate nerved. Inflorescence axis single, obscurely bracteate; paraclades in spike. Capitula single or 2 or 3 in 1 reduced paraclade, sessile, 3-florous; involucre cylindrical, 67 mm in diam.; phyllaries ca. 5-seriate, papery, abaxially nearly glabrous, outer phyllaries ovate, 23 mm, inner lanceolate, ca. 11 mm. Florets hermaphrodite, chasmogamous, corolla white or pink, tubular, ca. 1.5 cm, deeply 5-lobed, lobes linear, unequal, anther appendages rounded. Immature achenes awl-shaped, ca. 2.5 mm, sparsely villous. Pappus 1112 mm, dark white. Fl. JulJan.
* Forests, forest edges, grassy areas of mountain slopes; 28003000 m. Yunnan.
狭翅兔儿风 xia chi tu er feng
Ainsliaea pteropoda Candolle var. apteroides Chang, Sinensia 4: 227. 1934.
Perennial herbs, 3550 cm tall. Leaves commonly in basal rosette, sometimes tightly alternate near base of stem; petiole 511 cm, wingless; leaf blade ovate, 610 Χ 3.56 cm, papery, adaxially pubescent, abaxial white tomentose, base cordate, margin denticulate, apex acute, rarely acuminate, palmate-pinnate nerved. Inflorescence axis single, bracteate; paraclades in spike. Capitula sessile, 3- or 4-florous; involucre cylindrical, 34 mm in diam.; phyllaries ca. 7-seriate, papery, abaxially glabrous, outer phyllaries ovate or broadly ovate, 0.81.2 mm, inner narrowly elliptic, ca. 1.3 cm. Florets hermaphrodite, chasmogamous and cleistogamous. Chasmogamous florets corolla purplish red, tubular, ca. 1.4 cm, deeply 5-lobed, anther appendages truncate. Achenes fusiform, ca. 6 mm, densely white villous. Pappus ca. 7 mm, lightly red, Cleistogamous florets corolla closed, cylindrical, ca. 4 mm, hidden in pappus. Achenes 56 mm. Pappus ca. 7 cm. Fl. OctFeb.
* Limestone forests; 12001800 m. SE Yunnan [?Bhutan, ?India].
This species was recorded from Bhutan and India by Freire (2007), but the first author has not seen any material from those countries. [Susana: can you confirm?]
药山兔儿风 yao shan tu er feng
Perennial herbs, 3075 cm tall. Leaves in basal rosette, sessile; leaf blade lanceolate or narrowly elliptic, 918 Χ 13.5 cm, subleathery, both surfaces densely gray-white villous, base attenuate, margin ciliate, very sparsely callous-denticulate, apex acuminate, palmate-pinnate nerved. Inflorescence axis single, obviously bracteate; paraclades in spike. Capitula 59 in 1 reduced paraclade, sessile, 1.82 cm, 2- or 3-florous; involucre cylindrical, ca. 3 mm in diam.; phyllaries ca. 5-seriate, subleathery, outer phyllaries ovate, 34 mm, abaxially densely villous, inner narrowly elliptic, 1.41.5 cm. Florets hermaphrodite, chasmogamous, corolla purplish red, tubular, ca. 1.2 cm, deeply 5-lobed, lobes linear, unequal, anther appendages rounded. Achenes obconical, ca. 4.2 mm, densely white villous. Pappus 67 mm, dark yellow or yellow-white. Fl. AugNov.
* Forest edges, scrub or grassy areas of mountain slopes; 20003200 m. Guizhou, Sichuan, Yunnan.
大头兔儿风 da tou tu er feng
Ainsliaea pteropoda Candolle var. macrocephala Mattfeld, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 11: 107. 1931.
Perennial herbs, 3050 cm tall. Leaves in basal rosette; petiole 49 cm, wingless, sparsely pilose; leaf blade ovate or ovate-lanceolate, 3.59 Χ 2.54.5 cm, subleathery, adaxially sparsely pilose, abaxially densely pilose, base constricted and decurrent into broadly winged petiole, margin callous-denticulate, apex obtuse, rarely mucronate, palmate-pinnate nerved. Inflorescence axis single, bracteate; paraclades in spike. Capitula (2 or)35(or 6) in 1 reduced paraclade, sessile, 22.3 cm, 3-florous; involucre cylindrical, 45 mm in diam.; phyllaries ca. 5-seriate, papery, abaxially white villous, outer phyllaries ovate, 3.55 mm, inner oblong, ca. 1.5 cm. Florets hermaphrodite, chasmogamous, corolla purplish red, tubular, ca. 1.3 cm, deeply 5-lobed, lobes linear, unequal, anther appendages obtuse. Achenes terete, 45 mm, densely villous. Pappus 89 mm, brownish or dark brownish. Fl. AugSep.
* Forests, forest edges, scrub or grassy areas of mountain slopes; 23003100 m. Sichuan, Yunnan.
钱氏兔儿风 qian shi tu er feng
Perennial herbs, 5060 cm tall. Leaves in basal rosette; petiole 1011 cm, winged; leaf blade elliptic or elliptic to ovate, 7.58.5 Χ 3.53.8 cm, subcarnose, both surfaces glabrous, base abruptly rounded and decurrent into petiole, margin callous-denticulate, apex acute to subobtuse, palmate-pinnate nerved. Inflorescence axis single, bracteate; paraclades in spike. Capitula commonly 35 in 1 reduced paraclade, sessile, 3-florous; involucre cylindrical, 1.21.5 cm in diam.; phyllaries 57-seriate, papery, abaxially glabrous, outer phyllaries linear to ovate, 2.83 mm, inner linear to ovate or linear to elliptic, 1.11.3 cm. Florets hermaphrodite, chasmogamous, corolla pink, tubular, ca. 8 mm, deeply 5-lobed, anther appendages apiculate. Achenes oblong, 34 mm, densely pilose. Pappus 67 mm, light brownish. Fl. Sep.
* Habitats unknown; 29003600 m. Sichuan, Yunnan.
Most of the description is based on the protologue given by S. E. Freire (loc. cit.).
宽叶兔儿风 kuan ye tu er feng
Liatris latifolia D. Don, Prodr. Fl. Nepal. 169. 1825; Ainsliaea angustifolia J. D. Hooker & Thomson ex Clarke var. luchunensis H. Chuang; A. hypoleuca Diels ex Limpricht; A. latifolia var. ramifera H. Chuang; A. pteropoda Candolle; A. pteropoda var. incana Vaniot ex H. Lιveillι; A. pteropoda var. silhetensis Candolle; A. silhetensis (Candolle) C. B. Clarke; A. triflora (Buchanan-Hamilton ex D. Don) Druce; Perdicium triflorum Buchanan-Hamilton ex D. Don.
Perennial herbs, 3090(130) cm tall. Leaves in basal rosette; petiole 26(10) cm, broadly winged, nearly as long as leaf blade; leaf blade ovate or narrowly ovate, 311 Χ 16.5 cm, papery, adaxially sparsely villous, sometimes glabrate, abaxially white tomentose, base constricted and decurrent into broadly winged petiole, margin callous-denticulate, apex obtuse or mucronate, palmate-pinnate nerved. Inflorescence axis single, obviously bracteate; paraclades in spike. Capitula (1 or)24 in 1 reduced paraclade, nearly sessile or shortly pedicellate, 3-florous; involucre cylindrical, ca. 3 mm in diam.; phyllaries ca. 5-seriate, papery, abaxially ± sparsely pilose, outer phyllaries ovate, ca. 1.5 mm, inner elliptic, ca. 8 mm. Florets hermaphrodite, chasmogamous and cleistogamous. Chasmogamous florets corolla tubular, ca. 1.1 cm, deeply 5-lobed, lobes oblong, unequal, anther appendages rounded. Achenes subfusiform, ca. 5.5 mm, ribbed, densely pilose. Pappus absent or 810 mm, brownish. Cleistogamous florets corolla closed, cylindrical, ca. 4 mm, hidden in pappus. Achenes subfusiform, ca. 6 mm, ribbed, densely pilose. Pappus 810 mm, brownish. Fl. OctMay. 2n = 24 (Taiwan populations).
Open forests, roadsides; 13003500 m. Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Sichuan, Xizang, Yunnan [Bhutan, Indonesia, Myanmar, Nepal, Vietnam, Thailand].
The species is widely distributed and very variable. Sometimes the inflorescence axis is branched and the paraclades are arranged in a raceme. This is caused by the insects eating the apex of the inflorescence axis or other external forces breaking the apex.
长穗兔儿风 chang sui tu er feng
Ainsliaea henryi var. daguanensis H. Chuang; A. henryi var. ovatifolia Chang; A. latifolia (D. Don) Schultz Bipontinus subsp. henryi (Diels) Koyama (p.p.); A. undulata Diels.
Perennial herbs, 4080 cm tall. Leaves in basal rosette; petiole 25 cm, upper part winged, lower part wingless; leaf blade ovate or oblong, 38 Χ 23 cm, thinly papery, adaxially nearly glabrous, abaxially sparsely villous, base attenuate into partly winged petiole, margin slightly repand, callous-denticulate, apex acute, palmate-pinnate nerved. Inflorescence axis single, obscurely bracteate; paraclades in spike. Capitula commonly 2 or 3 in 1 reduced paraclade, nearly sessile or shortly pedicellate, (1)3-florous; involucre cylindrical, ca. 2 mm in diam.; phyllaries ca. 5-seriate, papery, abaxially apically pilose, outer phyllaries ovate, 1.52 mm, inner linear, ca. 1.6 cm. Florets hermaphrodite, chasmogamous and cleistogamous. Chasmogamous florets corolla tubular, ca. 7.5 mm, deeply 5-lobed, lobes oblong, anther appendages rounded. Achenes subfusiform, ca. 1.5 mm, ribbed, glabrous, sometimes apically pilose. Pappus absent. Fl. DecApr. Cleistogamous florets corolla closed, cylindrical, ca. 3.2 mm, hidden in pappus. Achenes terete, ca. 6 mm, ribbed, glabrous. Pappus ca. 8 mm, dark white to dark yellow. Fl. JulSep.
* Open forests, stream banks; 7002000 m. Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Hubei, Hunan, Sichuan, Taiwan, Yunnan.
长柄兔儿风 chang bing tu er feng
Ainsliaea heterantha Handel-Mazzetti.
Perennial herbs, 2060 cm tall. Leaves in basal rosette; petiole 113 cm, upper part winged, lower part wingless, rarely nearly wingless; leaf blade ovate or ovate-lanceolate, 37 Χ 25 cm, papery, both surfaces sparsely villous, base attenuate into partly winged petiole, margin slightly repand, callous-denticulate, apex acute or obtuse, palmate-pinnate nerved. Inflorescence axis single, obscurely bracteate; paraclades in spike. Capitula commonly 2 or 3 in 1 reduced paraclade, nearly sessile or shortly pedicellate, (1)3-florous; involucre cylindrical, 23 mm in diam.; phyllaries ca. 5-seriate, papery, abaxially glabrous or apically pilose, outer phyllaries ovate, 1.52.5 mm, inner lanceolate, ca. 1.2 cm. Florets hermaphrodite, chasmogamous and cleistogamous in same plant. Chasmogamous florets corolla tubular, ca. 9 mm, deeply 5-lobed, anther appendages rounded. Achenes terete, ca. 3 mm, ribbed, glabrous, densely pilose. Pappus absent. Fl. DecApr. Cleistogamous florets corolla closed, cylindrical, ca. 4 mm, hidden in pappus. Achenes terete, 35 mm, ribbed, densely pilose. Pappus ca. 7 mm, brownish. Fl. DecJul.
Open forests, edges of forests or scrub; 5002800 m. Hainan, Taiwan, Xizang, Yunnan [Indonesia, Philippines, Vietnam].
细穗兔儿风 xi sui tu er feng
Ainsliaea latifolia (D. Don) Schultz Bipontinus var. obovata (Franchet) Grierson & Lauener; A. pteropoda Candolle var. obovata Franchet.
Perennial herbs, 2060 cm tall. Leaves in basal rosette; petiole short, nearly sessile or 38 mm, wingless; leaf blade obovate or obovate-rounded, 310 Χ 26 cm, papery, both surfaces sparsely villous, base rounded or obtuse, abruptly constricted into petiole, margin callous-denticulate, apex obtuse or rounded, palmate-pinnate nerved. Inflorescence axis single, obscurely bracteate; paraclades in spike. Capitula commonly 2 or 3 in 1 reduced paraclade, nearly sessile or shortly pedicellate; involucre cylindrical, 23 mm in diam.; phyllaries ca. 6-seriate, papery, abaxially glabrous or very sparsely pilose, outer phyllaries ovate, 1.53 mm, inner narrowly elliptic, ca. 1 cm. Florets hermaphrodite, chasmogamous and cleistogamous. Chasmogamous florets corolla tubular, ca. 1.3 cm, deeply 5-lobed, lobes linear, unequal, anther appendages truncate. Achenes oblong, ca. 4 mm, ribbed, densely white pilose. Pappus ca. 8 mm, brownish, sometimes absent. Fl. NovJun and SepOct. Cleistogamous florets corolla closed, cylindrical, ca. 4 mm, hidden in pappus. Achenes oblong, 45 mm, ribbed, densely pilose. Pappus ca. 7 mm, brownish. Fl. AugNov.
Open forests, forest edges, scrub or grassy areas of mountain slopes; 11002000 m. Chongqing, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hubei, Sichuan, Yunnan [Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Thailand].
云南兔儿风 yun nan tu er feng
Ainsliaea latifolia (D. Don) Schultz Bipontinus f. yunnanensis (Franchet) Kitamura; A. pteropoda Candolle var. leiophylla Franchet; A. scabrida Dunn.
Perennial herbs, 2060 cm tall. Leaves in basal rosette; petiole 27.5 cm, wingless; leaf blade ovate or ovate-lanceolate, 26 Χ 14 cm, subleathery, adaxially hispidulous, abaxially sparsely villous, base rounded or truncate, margin callous-denticulate, apex acute, palmate-pinnate nerved. Inflorescence axis single, obscurely bracteate; paraclades in spike. Capitula commonly 36 in 1 reduced paraclade, nearly sessile or shortly pedicellate; involucre cylindrical, 1.31.5 cm, ca. 6 mm in diam.; phyllaries 5- or 6-seriate, subleathery, abaxially glabrous or very sparsely pilose, outer phyllaries ovate, 2.53.5 mm, inner lanceolate, ca. 1.4 cm. Florets hermaphrodite, chasmogamous, corolla pink to purplish red, tubular, 1.61.8 cm, deeply 5-lobed, lobes oblong, unequal, apexes revolute, anther appendages rounded. Achenes subfusiform, ca. 5 mm, densely white villous. Pappus ca. 9 mm, yellow-white. Fl. SepJan.
* Open forests, forest edges, grassy areas of mountain slopes; 17002700 m. Guizhou, Sichuan, Yunnan.
黄毛兔儿风 huang mao tu er feng
Perennial herbs, 3045 cm tall. Leaves in basal rosette; petiole 27 cm, wingless; leaf blade elliptic or nearly ovate, 36 Χ 1.52.5 cm, subleathery, both surfaces strigose, base obtuse, margin callous-denticulate, apex rounded or obtuse, palmate-pinnate nerved. Inflorescence axis single, obscurely bracteate; paraclades in spike. Capitula (1 or)2 or 3 in 1 reduced paraclade, nearly sessile or shortly pedicellate; involucre cylindrical, ca. 3 mm in diam.; phyllaries ca. 5-seriate, subleathery, abaxially glabrous or apically sparsely pilose, outer phyllaries ovate, 23 mm, inner oblong or lanceolate, 57 mm. Florets hermaphrodite, chasmogamous and cleistogamous. Chasmogamous florets corolla tubular, ca. 9 mm, deeply 5-lobed, anther appendages apiculate. Immature achenes oblong, ca. 1.8 mm, densely pilose. Pappus ca. 6 mm, brownish. Fl. SepOct. Cleistogamous florets corolla closed, cylindrical, ca. 3.5 mm, hidden in pappus. Achenes oblong, ca. 3 mm, densely pilose. Pappus ca. 5 mm. Fl. JulOct.
* Open forests, forest edges, grassy areas of mountain slopes; 13002700 m. Yunnan.