堆心菊族 dui xi ju zu
Chen Yousheng (陈又生)[1]; D. J. Nicholas Hind[2]
Herbs, subshrubs or shrubs. Leaves opposite or alternate, entire to dentate or sometimes pinnatisect or lobed. Heads radiate or rarely discoid. Phyllaries in 1–3 series, rarely numerous series. Receptacle epaleate, rarely paleaceous, convex or shallowly concave. Ray florets female, fertile, or neuter; ray limbs 2–3-lobed, mostly yellow or white sometimes variously coloured; disc florets bisexual, fertile or sterile, rarely functionally male; limbs entire or 4–5-toothed. Anther tails base obtuse and entire, or auriculate or caudate. Pappus chaffy, aristiform, rarely capillary and of barbellate or plumose setae, or sometimes absent.
About 110 genera and ca. 830 species: mostly in the Americas; three genera and three species (all introduced) in China.
Tagetes erecta Linnaeus and Dyssodia tenuiloba (Candolle) B. L. Robinson are only cultivated for ornament in China, although T. erecta sometimes persists once cultivation ceases.
黄顶菊属 huang ding ju shu
Annuals, perennials, or subshrubs. Stems erect or decumbent, branched. Leaves cauline; opposite; petiolate or sessile; blades oblong-ovate to lanceolate or linear, margins entire or serrate, or spinulose-serrate, surfaces glabrous or short-pubescent. Heads radiate or discoid, usually in dense or loose aggregations in corymbose panicles or glomerules. Involucres oblong, urceolate, cylindric, or turbinate, 0.5–2 mm diam. Phyllaries persistent, 2–6(–9) in ± 1 series. Receptacles small, convex, epaleate. Ray florets 0–1(–2), pistillate, fertile, when present external to clusters of capitula; corollas yellow or whitish. Disc florets 1–15, bisexual, fertile; corollas yellow, tubes shorter than to about equaling funnelform to campanulate throats, lobes 5, ± deltate. Cypselas black, weakly compressed, narrowly oblanceolate or linear-oblong, ribbed, glabrous; pappus usually absent, or sometimes persistent, of 2–4 hyaline scales, or coroniform (of connate scales). x = 18.
About 21 species; United States, Mexico, West Indies, Central America, South America, Asia (India), Africa, Australia; one species (introduced) in China.
See the ??revision by Powell (Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 65: 590–636. 1978).
黄顶菊 huang ding ju
Ethulia bidentis Linnaeus, Mant. Pl. 1: 110. 1767.
Annuals. Stems erect, to 100 cm high, sparsely villous. Leaves petiolate (proximal, petioles 3–15 mm) or sessile (distal); blades lanceolate-elliptic, 50–120(–180) × 10–25(–70) mm, bases (distal) connate, margins serrate or spinulose serrate. Capitula 20–100+ in tight subglomerules in scorpioid cymes. Calyculi of 1–2 linear bractlets 1–2 mm. Involucres oblong-angular, 5 mm. Phyllaries 3(–4), oblong. Ray florets 0 or 1; laminae pale yellow, ovate-oblique, to 1 mm (not or barely surpassing phyllaries). Disc florets (2–)3–8; corolla tubes ca. 0.8 mm, throats funnelform, ca. 0.8 mm. Cypselas oblanceolate or subclavate, 2–2.5 mm (those of ray florets longer); pappus absent. Fl. Jul–Nov. 2n = 36.
A newly introduced weed of moist places, waste or disturbed ground, clay, gravel, or sands; Hebei [native to South America].