金盏花族 jin zhan hua zu
Chen Yilin (Chen Yi-ling); Bertil R. Nordenstam
Annual or perennial herbs, shrubs or subshrubs. Leaves often alternate. Capitula radiate, heterogamous. Involucres campanulate, hemispherical or rarely conical; phyllaries l–3(or 4) seriate, often with scarious margins. Receptacle flat or convex, naked. Ray florets female, fertile or sterile, tube short, rays apically 3-denticulate, yellow, orange or white, sometimes pink to purple or blue. Style linear, glabrous, arms obtuse, rarely acute. Disk-florets hermaphroditic, perfect or male, actinomorphic, funnel-shaped, 5-lobed: Anthers caudate at the base. Style-simple or minutely bifid, rare bifurcate, dorsally papillate or rarely hirsute. Corolla yellow or orange, rarely white. Achenes usually hard, thickened, sometimes with fleshy exocarp, terete, orbicular, obovate or heteromorphous, curved or beaked Pappus absent.
Twelve genera and ca. 120 species: mainly in southern Africa, through tropical Africa to the Mediterranean, eastwards to Iran; one species (cultivated) in China.
金盏花属 jin zhan hua shu
Annual or perennial herbs, sometimes suffrutescent, glandular pubescent. Leaves alternate, sessile, entire or repand-dentate. Capitula solitary, terminal. Involucres campanulate or hemispheric; phyllaries l- or 2-seriate, lanceolate to linear-lanceolate, acuminate, with scarious margins. Receptacle flat or convex, glabrous, heterogamous. Ray-florets female, ligulate, 2–3-seriate, fertile, rays apically 3-denticulate, style terete, 2-lobed. Disk- florets hermaphroditic, functionally male, corolla tubular--funnel-shaped. Style undivided, apically thickened or globose. Achenes polymorphic; outer cymbiform, somewhat curved, rostrate, or triquetrous; inner distinctly curved, sometimes winged, all dorsally rugose to tuberculate-aculeate. x= 7,8,9,11,15.
About 15 or 20 species: mainly in Macaronesia, W Europe, Mediterranean region, and SW Asia; eastwards to Iran, one species (cultivated) in China.
金盏菊 jin zhan ju
Annual herb, 20–75 cm tall, usually branched from the base, green, ± glandular pubescent. Basal leaves oblong-obovate or spatulate, 15–20 cm entire or remote-denticulate, stem leaves oblong oblong-lanceolate or oblong-obovate, 5–15 × l–3 cm, obtuse, rarely acute, margin inconspicuously repand-denticulate, ± amplexicaul. Capitula 4–5 cm in diameter; phyllaries lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, outer slightly longer than the inner, acuminate. Florets yellow or orange, ca. 2 × longer than involucre, rays up to 4–5 mm broad, disk-florets with triangular-lanceolate lobes. All achenes curved, yellowish or brownish, the outer half-curved, often aculeate rostrate at the apex, lateral winged ridge irregularly rugose, fl. Apr–Sep, fr. Jun–Oct.
Cultivated as an ornamental in parks and gardens of China [native origin unknown].