ASTERACEAE Tribe Vernonieae [DRAFT]
CHEN Yilin
斑鸠菊族 ban jiu ju zu
Herbs, shrubs, or rarely tree. Leaves alternate, entire or serrate-dentate. Capitula
discoid, homogamous,. Involucral bracts generally imbricate, in several rows, rarely in 2 rows, herbaceous, scarious or coriaceous, the outher gradually shorter. Receptacle flat or rather convex, naked or more or less fimbriate. Florets hermaphrodite, fertile, corolla tubular, purple, reddish-purple or white, rarely golder, limb campanulate, 5-lobed; anthers apically appendaged, bi-fid at the basi, auriculate, acute or hastate, rarely caudate. Style-arms usually slender and long, apically subulate or acute, dorsally pilose, without appendage. Achenes cylindrical or slightly flattened, 5-10-ribbed, or 4-5 angled; pappus bristles filiform or Paleaceous, 1-2-seriate, rarely absent.
This tribe divided into 2. subtribes 1. e. Subtribe Vernoninae O. Hoffman and subtribe Lychnophorinae. O. Hoffman. There are 5 genera in China. They separately belong to two subtribe mentioned above.
Key to genera
1a Capitula scatlered, numerous florets in each ( Vernoninae)
2a Achenes 4-5-angled, rarely 6-convex-ribbed, truncate, and with a pentagonal thickening ring at the apex. Pappus absent 1. Ethulia
2b Achenes- 10-ribbed or 4-5-angled
3a Pappus long, copious, persistent, the outer sometimes squamous 2. Vernonia
3b Pappus of 1-10, easily deciduous bristle or, absent 3.Camchaya
1b Capitula conferted into secondary compound, inflorescence (Lychnophorinae ), 1
to few florets in each; achenes 10-ribbed; pappus 1-seriate.
4a Pappus many, scabrid-barbellate, basally widened bristle;
secondary-capitula solitary or arranged in corymbs 4.Elephantopus
4b Pappus with 2. very long and bent or curved hairs, secondary capitula clusters arranged in long spikes 5. Pseudoelephantopus
1. Ethulia Linneaus
Linneaus Sp. Pl. 836. 175.
都丽菊属 du li ju shu
Annual or rarely perennial herbs. Leaves alternate, serrate dentate or entire, pinnately veined. Capitula small with numerous homomorphic florets, laxly corymbose. Involucres campanulate or hemispherical, involural bracts ∞-seriate, imbricata, subcoriaceous, with scarious margins, the outer shorter. Receptacle flat or rather convex, naked. All the florets hermaphrodite, fertile; corolla tubular, purplish or reddish, with slender tube and campanulate limb; lobes 5, narrow. Anthers obtusely auricled. Style-arms
subulate, puberulous. Achenes oblong-obconical, 4-5, rasely 6 prominently ribbed, glandular between the ribs, apically truncate, with a pentagonous callous ring. Pappus absent.
19 species distributed in tropical Africa and tropical Asia. One species in China, occurring in Yunnan, Taiwan.
1. Ethulia conyzoides Linneaus Sp. Pl. 836. 1753.
E. ramosa 3: Horet, Beng, 61, 1814.
E. gracilis Delice in Cailliaud, Voy. Meroe 4: 398. 1827.
E. angustifolia Bojer ex De Candle Prodr. 5: 12. 1836.
都丽菊 du li ju
Annual herbs. Stems hard, erect, 40-100 cm fall., green or purplish in lower part, striate, puberulous or subglabrous branched in upper part. Leaves denser, the basal withered and shed by anthesis, median leaves oblong or oblong-lanceolate, 5-9 x 1.5-2.5 cm, acuminate or acute, cuneately attenuated in short-petioles at the base, margin serrate coarse, lateral veins 7-8-paired, rather prominent adxially, glandular-dotted on both surfaces, upper leaves smaller, shallowly serrate or subentire. Capitula small, usually axilary or terminal corymbose; peduncles 0.5-1.5 cm densely ferrugineous-puberulous. Involucres hemispherical, 0.5-7 mm broad; involucral bract, 4-5-seriate, subequal, ovate or oblong-lanceolate, acuminate or rather obtuse, about 3 mm, the outer and median ferugineous puberulous and glandular the inner glabrous, and glandulare. Florets numerous; corolla tubular, about 2 mm, purplish, glandulose; lobes 5, lanceolate. Achenes subobconical, 2 mm, prominently 4-5-ribbed, fulvous glandular between the ribs apically truncate, with a pentagonous callous ring. Pappus absent, fl. Apr.-May.
By pond, and ricefield, 600-1400 m South-Yunnan and Taiwan, India, Peninsula of Indo-china and Africa Tropical regions
Vernonia Schreber
Schreber gen. Pl. 2: 541. 1791
斑鸠菊 ban jiu ju
Herbs, shrubs or tree, sometimes climbing. Leaves alternate, rarely opposite, usually petiolate or subsessile, undecurcent, entire or dentate, pinnately numerous or more, terminal or axillary corymbose, paniculate, or racemose, or several conferted in globose, rarely solitary, homogamous. Florets few to numerous, rarely one, all fertile. Involucres campanulate, oblong-cylindrical, ovoid or subglobose; involucral bracts lax or dense, several to many seriate, imbricate, herbaceous, scarious or coriaceous obtuse, acute to spinecent, or bearing herbaceous or membranaceous colour appendage, outer shorter, oft glandulose. Receptacle flat, naked or sometimes shortly, areolate. Florets pink, purplish, rarely white or gold-yellow. Corolla tubular, slender, often glandupar, with campanulate or campanulate-infundibuliform limb; lobes 5, anthers or hastate, obtuse auricled. Style-arms slender, subulate, puberulous. Achenes cylindrical or oboconical, angled or striate ribbed, apically truncate, often callous at the base, glabrous or shortly hairy, often glandulose. Pappus always double, outer row of short bristles or scales or rarely absent, inner row of many scabrid-barbellate-plumose, decidurous or persitent.
About 1000 species, North and South America, tropical Asia and Africa temperate regions, 28 species in China, mainly distri bute in South-West, South and South-Eastern provinces.
1a Capitula few, large, terminal laxly corymbose; outer involucral bracts foliaceous, linear, rather patent, inner involucral bracts with membranaceous colored appendage at the apex, more or less reflexed outer pappus very short, rigid paleaceous 1. V. anthelmintica
1b Capitula many, corymbose-paniculate, rarely few or solitary; involucral bracts without appendage, obtuse, acuminate, acute or spinecent; out row of Pappus bristles
2a Capitula small, florets few (2-12) rarely one, broadly,
paniculate or corybose-paniculate; inner involucral bracts obtuse, often deciduous in fruting time; pappus bristles, the outer short, many, few or absent
3a Tree, small tree or shrubs
4a Tree or small tree; branches fulvous or brown tomentose
5a Involucres cupular or semispherical, 3-4 in diameter; involucral bracts obtuse or rounded; leaves subrounded or slightly cordate at the base; petioles slender and long, unexpanded at the base.
6a Capitula 5-6-florets; involucres 2-3 mm in diameter; involucral bracts ovate-oblong, shortly pubescent or subglabrous;achenes subtriangular, 8-10 ribbed, glabrous, glandular; leaves subcoriaceous, entire, glabrous or sparsely puberulous along the veins
2.V. arborea
6b Capitula about 10 florets; involucres 4-5 mm in diameter; involucral bracts ovate adxially densely tomentose; achenes 4-5-angled, glabrous; papyraceous repand or laxly dentate abxially hispidulous, adxially tomentose
3.V. solanifolia
5b Involucres narrowly campanulate or subcylindrical, 5-7 mm in diameter; involucral bracts purple or apically purple, acuminate or rather acute; leaves large, cuneate at the base; petioles short and broad or expanded in to sheath-shaped at the base
7a Leaves obovate or obovate-cuneate, sinuate or coarsely dentate; lateral veins 12-17-paired, adxially sparsely pubescent; petioles, basally expanded into sheath-spaped; achenes 3-4 mm, 10-ribbed, glandular or more or less puberulous between the ribs
4. V. volkameriifolia
7b Leaves obovate or obovate-lanceolate, laxly dentate, rarely subentire; lateral veins 7-12-paired; adxially densely fulvous tomentose petioles basally unexpanded; achenes 2.5 mm, no or inconspicuously ribbed, glandular
5. V. parishi
4b Shrubs, rarely small tree; branches grey or grey-brown
tomentose
8a Capitula 6-8 mm in diameter, with 8-12-florets;
involucres subglobose or hemispherical, 4-6 mm in
diameter, rounded at the base; involucral bracts obtuse
or rounded, white sericeous; achenes 3.5-4 mm, 3-ribbed
on the ventral, glabrous; leaves membranaceous or
thinly papyraceous 6. V. bockiana
8b Capitula 2-3 mm in diameter, with 5-6 florets; involucres obconical, 2-3 mm in diameter, acute at the base, involucral bracts few, acute or slightly acute, sparely shortly pubescent; achenes, slightly ribbed, sparsely puberulous, glandulose; leaves hardly papyraceous
7. V. esculenta
3b Scandent shrubs or climbers
9a Branches ferruginous-fulvous densly pubescent, eglandular; leaves ovate or oblong, lateral veins 7-8-paired; petioles 5-10 mm; capitula 7-12 mm in diameter, with 10 florets; peduncles up to 15 mm; achenes 10-tribbed, eglandular 8. V. sylvatica
9b Branches yellow-brownish densely pubescent, glandular; leaves oblong or obovate, lateral veins 3-6-paired; petioles up to 2.5 cm; capitula 3-5 mm, in diameter, with 2-3 florets; peduncles shorter than 2 mm; achenes 5-ribbed, glandular 9. V. chunii
2b Capitula smaller or median size, with many florets numerous
corymbose-paniculate or cymose-corymbose or sometimes few or
solitary
10a Achenes 10-ribbed or striate, or rarely 7-8-ribbed
11a Pappus britles, outer short, numerous or more; involucral bracts obtuse, acute or aristate or spinescent, rarely shortly appendaged
12a Scandent shrubs or climber
13a Capitula more or few in terminal or axillary panicles; receptacles ferruginous pubescent; pappus reddish or reddish-brown; leaves papy-raceous; branches ferruginous-fulvous or gray-fulvous tomentose
14a Leaves ovate-oblong oblong-elliptic, lateral veins 5-7-paired, adxially sparsely pubescent; capitula 8-10 mm in diameter, with 18-20 florets; achenes 4-4.5 mm
10. V. cumingiana
14b Leaves oblong or oblong-lanceolate, lateral veins 7-9-paired, adxially densely grey-green tomentose; capitula 10-15 mm in diameter, with 10 florets; achenes 3-3.5 mm
11. V. gratiosa
13b Capitula usually 3-5 in a leafy small
panicle or solilary in axillary racemose
arranged; receptacle naked; pappus
yellowish-brown; leaves coriaceous or
subcoriaceous; branches sparsely
short-pubescent or glabrescent
15a Capitula small, 7-8 mm in diameter,
with 20-25 florets, 3-5 in a small panicle; florets reddish-purple; achenes 3-3.5 mm, 10-ribbed, patently short-hairs and glandular; leaves subcoriaceous, elliptic or ovate-elliptic, entire
12. V. blanda
15b Capitula large, 2 cm in diametier, with numerous florets, solitary in leaves-axils, racemose; florets white; achenes 7-9 mm, 7-8-ribbed, glabrous; leaves coriaceous, obovate-oblon g or elliptic-oblong margin often revolute, sparsely denticulate at upper margins
13. V. chingiana
12b Erect perennial herbs
16a Capitula more, usually terminally corymbose, 5-8 mm in diameter, with 6-12 florets; achenes glabrous, glandular the ribs; pappus white or sordid-white, outer ones few, easily deciduous 14. V. saligna
16b Capitula few, usually 2-3 (-5), paniculate-corymbose or laxly corymbose, rarely solitary in leaves-axils, 8-15 mm in diameter, with 15-30 florets; achenes hairy and glandular; pappus sordid-white or rufescent, outer one deciduous or persistent
17a Stems hispidulous; capitula larger, 12-15 mm in diameter, with 30 florets, very shortly pedunculate or subsessile; involucral bracts apiculate; leaves oblanceolate or obovate-elliptic, sharply serrate, hispidulous on both surfaces 15. V. aspera
17b Stems shortly pubescent or adpressed-hairs; capitula smaller, 6-8 (10) mm in diameter, with 15-20 florets; peduncles 7-15 mm; involucral bracts acute or acuminate; leaves oblong, oblong-lanceolate, obovate or obovate-elliptic, subglabrous or shorotly pubescent along the veins
18a Involucres hemispherical; involucral bracts acute, arachnoid-pubescent and glandular;achenes hispidulous; leaves papyraceous, laxly on the stems, oblong or oblong-lanceolate, sparsely serrate on upper margins
16.V.clivorum
18b Involucres obconical; involucral bracts acuminate,
subscarious, mucronulate,pubescent on the
margins; achenes patentlly villose; leaves
coriaceous, often conferted below the
flowering-branches, obovate or obovate-elliptic,
upper leaves linear or linear-lanceolate,
denticulate 17. V. attenuata
11b Pappus bristle, outer few or very few or absent; involucral bracts obtuse, acute or spinescent
19a Capitula small, numerous densely or laxly branched corymbose or corymbose-paniculate, with 4-12 florets; involucres campanulate or cylindrical; involucral bracts few, obtuse and adpressed
20a Involucres campanulate, 5-6 mm in diameter; involucral bracts ovate, mucronulate, puberulous or subglabrous; corolla glandular-puberulous; achenes, puberulous; leaves thinly or submembranaceous, oblong or oblong-lanceolate, mucronulate-serrate, adpressed short-hairs, adxially pubescens; shrubs or subshrubs
Herbs 18. V. divergens
20b Involucres cylindrical, 4-5 mm, in diameter; involucral bracts ovate to oblong, puberulous on magins or subglabrous; corolla glandular-puberulous; achenes, puberulous; leaves thin or submembranaceous, oblong or oblong-lanceolate, mucronulate-serrate, adpressed short-hairs, adxially pubescens; shrubs or subshrubs 19. V. extensa
19b Capitula median size or larger, few, corymbose-paniculate or
solitary, with numerous florets; involucral bracts
many-seriate, acute, often with conspiculous or coloured
spinescent
21a Annual or perennial herbs; corolla reddish-purple
22a Annual herbs, hispidulous or subglabrous; leaves thinly papyraceous; capitula 12-15 mm in diameter, peduncles stout, apically often dilate; involucres broadly campanulate; involucral bracts ovate or oblong, acute, densely pubescent; achenes pilose eglandular 20. V. nantcianensis
22a Perennial rigid herbs,ferruginous pilose or adpressed short-hairs; leaves hard; capitula larger, 15-25 mm; involucres obconical or subhemispherical; involucral bracts subulate to linear, apiculate or hardly spinescent, arachnoid
23a Capitula 15 mm in diameter; peduncles 3-9 cm, often with 1-2 reduced leaves in upper part; involucral bracts except the inner attenuate in 3-5 mm hardly-apiculate, often reflexed; achenes adpressed-pilose and glandular 2l.V.spirei
23b Capitula larger, 20-25 mm in diameter, shortly pedunculate or sessile; involucres obconical; involucral bracts subulate to oblong-lanceolate, hardly spinescent, but not reflexed; achenes densely seriaceous and glandular; leaves obovate or ovate-lanceolate 22. V. squarrosa
21b Erect or scandent shrubs; stems white or grey-tomentose; corolla golden-yellow; leaves basal 3-veined
24a Capitula numerous, usually 3-7, densely corymbose; 12-18 mm in diameter; involucral bracts subcoriaceous, often shorter than the disk, sparsely lanate or more or less glabrescent; achenes 4-5 mm, pilose and glandular; leaves shortly petiolate; scandent shrubs 23. V. henryi
24b Capitula solitary, terminalia, 2 cm in diameter involucral bracts coriaceous, overtoping the Disk,
glabrous or sometimes arachnoid-lanate; achenes about 3 mm, densely seriaceous-villose; petioles 1-1l.5 mm, densely seriaceous-villose; petioles 1-1.5 cm; erect shrubs 24. V. forrestii
10b Achenes 4-5-angled or not ribbed; involucral bracts acute or
aristate-acuminate
25a Achenes unribbed or rarely inconspicously ribbed, more or less
compressed, densely white pilose; pappus 2-seriate, the outer
numerous, short and persistent; capitula small, 6 mm indiameter,
numerous or more corymbose-paniculate, with 19-23 florets
25. V. cinerea
25b Achenes 4-5-angled, glabrous and glandular; pappus 1-seriate, bristle, deciduous, capitula larger, 6-10 mm in diameter, few or 2-3 terminal on branches, with more than 40 florets
26a Capitula several, laxly corymbose; 6-7 mm in diameter; stem leaves conferted, spathulate, rounded-obtuse, subentire, densely white hispidulous; small subshrubs, about 10 cm tall
26. V. maritima
26b Capitula usually 2-3 terminal on the branches or paired; 8-10
mm in diameter; stem leaves laxly inserted, ovate,
ovate-elliptical, rarely rounded, obtuse, slightly acute,
margin crenate-shallopwly dentate; abxially sparsely short
hairs or glabrous, adxially grey sericeous-pubescent. Annual
robust herbs, up to 1 m. tall 27. V. patula
1. Vernonia anthelmintica (Linneaus ) Willdenow Sp. Pl. 3. 1634.
Conysa anthelmintica Linneaus Sp. Pl. ed. 1207. 1763
驱虫斑鸠菊 qu cong ban jiu ju
A tall robust Annual herbs. Stems erect, stout, up to 60 cm tall, branched above, conspicuously canaliculated, glandular-pubescent. Leaves membranaceous, ovate, ovate-lanceolate or lanceolate, 1.5-4.5 cm, acute or acuminate, basally attenuate in petioles, margin coarsely or sharply serrate, lateral veins 8-paired or more, nervules fine and dense, reticulate, short-pubescent on both surfaces, adxially glandular. Capitula more, major, 15-20 mm in diameter terminal laxly corymbose; peduncles 5-15 mm, often bearing linear bracts, apically dilate, densely short-pubescent and glandular. Involucres hemispherical; involucral bracts 3-seriate, subequal, the outer slightly patent, 10-12 mm, green, foliaceous, pubescent and glandular, the median oblong-linear, acute, green, foliaceous, the inner oblong, toward membranaceous, acute, All the bracts reflexed in fruit. Receptacle flat or rather concave, areolate. Florets about 40-50, purplish, fertile, corolla tubular, 9-10 mm, with 6-7 mm slender tube and narrowly campanulate limb; lobes 5, lanceolate. Achenes cylindrical, black, about 4 mm, 10-ribbed, pubescent, glandular between the ribs. Pappus 2-seriate, outer rather longer, shining, reddish, flattened, deciduous; inner very short, rigid, paleaceous, persistent, fl. Nov.-Fabr.
Glassland or roadside. SW-Yunnan. Also in India, Pakistan, Syrilanka, Nepal. Afghanistan, Muyamar, Laos. and Malaysia.
2. Vernonia arborea Buch-Hamiton Trans. Linn. Soc. 14: 2l8. 1825.
树斑鸠菊 shu ban jiu ju
Small tree or shrubs, 10-20 m tall. Branches densely fulvous
tomentella or more or less glabrescent, rarely glabrous. Leaves subcoriaceous, ovate, elliptic-ovate or oblong, 8-25 X 4-10 cm, acuminate, obtuse-rounded or attenuate at the base, entire; lateral veins 8-12-paired, adxially distinctly raised, vervules reticulate, abxially glabrous, adxially fulvous pubescent along the veins or glabrous, glandular; petioles 1-3 cm, densely pubescent. Capitula numerous, terminal or in leaves-axils of upper part, broadly compound corymbose-paniculate, shortly peduncles. Involucres small, cupshaped, 2-3 mm; involucral bracts about 5-seriate, ovate or ovate-oblong, 0.5-2 mm, obtuse or rather acute, densely pilose, rarely subglabrous, outer very short, ovate. Receptacle flat, areolate. Florets 5-6-purplish or white; overtopping the disk, fertile, corolla tubular, 5-7 mm, lobes 5, acute, puberulous. Style-arms long, Achenes compressed, 3-4-angled and incouspicously ribbed, 2-3 mm, pilose and glandular. Pappus sordid-white, 1 or 2-seriate, outer few, 1 mm, inner 5-7 mm, Fl. and fr. Aug.-Nov.
Lax forests in valley or on slopes, 800-1200 m, SE-Yunnan, Guangxi also in India, Nepal Syrilank, Viernam, Laos, Thailand, Indonesia and Malaysia.
3. Vernonia solanifolia Bentham, in Hooker, Lond. Journ. Bot. 1: 486. 1824.
茄叶斑鸠菊 jie ye ban jiu ju
Erect shrubs or small tree, 8-12 m tall, branches patent, or sometimes
scandent, terete, fulvous or yellowish tomentose. Leaves petiolate, ovate-oblong, 6-16 X 4-9 cm, sometimes truncate, more or less unequal lateral, entire, shallowly rapand or laxly obtusely dentate, lateral veins 7-9-paired, vernules rather parallel and reticulate, abxially scabrid, sparsely adpressed hispidulous, more or less glabrescent, glandulose, adxially densely yellowish tomentose; petioles about, 1-2.5 cm, densely tomentose. Capitula small, 5-6 mm in diameter, numerous, terminal, leafy, up to 20 cm broad compou d-corymbose; peduncles 4-6m mm, densely tomentose. Involucres hemispherical, 4-5 mm broad; involucral bracts 4-5-seriate, ovate, elliptic or oblong, 2-6 mm, oobtuse, yellowish tomentose. Receptacle flat, areolate; florets about 10, fragrans, corolla tubular, pink or purplish, about 6 mm, with slender tube and narrowly campanulate limb; lobes 5, linear-lanceolate, glandular, apically white puberulous. Achenes 4—5-angled, 2-2.5 mm, rather compressed, glabrous. Pappus 2-seriate, yellowish, outer very short, inner scabridulous.
Lax forests in vally or climbing on tree, 500-1000 m, Guangdong,
Guangxi, Fujian, Yunnan, Also in India, Mryamar, Vietnam, Laos and Cambodia.Plants as medicine, used for carbuncle of the abdomen, enterodynia and eruptive disease.
4. Vernonia volkameriifolia (Wallich) De Candle Prodr. 5: 32. 1836.
Conyze volkameriaefolia Wallich. Cat. 3001. 1831 nom. Nud.
Eupatorium volkameriaefolium Wallich ex De Candle l.c. in syn.
Vernonia esquisolii Leveille Repert. Sp. Nov. 11: 304. 1912
Vernonia leveillei Fedde ex Leveille Fedde ex Leveille Fl. Kony-Tcheou 109. 1914-non. Vaniot 1907
大叶斑鸠菊 da ye ban jiu ju
Small tree, 5-8 m tall, branches robust, terete, yellowish-brown
tomentose. Leaves large, shortly petiolate, obovate or obovate-cuneate, sarely oblong-oblanceolate, 15-40 X 4-15 cm, shortly acute or obtuse, sarely acuminate, cuneately atenuate at the base, sinuate or sparsely coassely dentate, rarely entire; lateral veins 12-17-paired, vernules reticulate, veins adxially convex, abxially glabrous or sparsely pubescent on midrib, adxially pubescent along the veins, glandular; petioles short and broad, 10-18 mm, basally often expanded in a sheath-like, densely tomentose; capitula numerous, 5-8 mm in diameter, 10-12-flowered, in 20-30 cm terminal leafless panicles, the lower branches of panicles 8-10 cm, densely fulvous tomentose. Involucres narrowly campanulate, 5-6 mm broad; involucral bracts about 5-seriate, imbricate, brownish or apically purplish, ovate or ovate-oblong, acuminate, 3-6 mm, the outer short and obtuse, inner rather acute, pubescent or more or less glabrescent. Receptacle flat, fovaolate. Florets pink or reddish-purple, corolla tubular, 7-8 mm,, with short tube and narrowly campanulatelimb, glabrous; lobes 5, linear-lanceolate, glandular. Achenes oblong-cylindrical, 3-4 mm, 10-ribbed, glandular between the ribs or more or less puberulous. Pappus whitish or sordid-white, the outer short, inner 8-9 mm. Fl. Oct.-Apr.
Thickets or mixed-forests in valley, 800-1600 m, Yunnan, Guizhou, Guangxi and Xizang, Also in India, Nepal, Sikkia, Bhutan, Burma, Thailand, Vietnam and Laos.
5. Vernonia parishii Hooker f. Fl. Brit. Ind. 3: 240. 1881.
Vernonia lasensis Gandog Bull. Soc. Bot. Fr. 54. 194.1907.
Vernonia volkameriifolia var. lanata S. Y. Hu-Quart Journ. Taiw. Mus. 22, 1-2: 24. 1969.
滇缅斑鸠菊 dian mian ban jiu ju
Tree? or small tree, sarely shrubs, 2-3 m tall. Stems-erect, 1-1.5
cm in diameter at the base, branches robust, terete, densely fulvous or brown tomentose. Leaves papyraceous, shortly petiolate, obovate or oblanceolate, 10-30 X 4-9 cm, obtuse or subacute, cuneately attenuate at the base, obscurely toothed, rarely subentire, lateral veins 7-12-paired, reticulate, abxially sparsely minutely pubescent or more or less glabrescent, adxially fulvous or brown tomentose, glandular on bosh surfaces; petioles short and broad, 5-10 mm, densely tomentose. Capitula numerous, 5-8 mm. in diameter, about 10-flowered, in terminal or axillary up to 20 cm or more longer leafy compound-panicles; peduncles 2-5 mm or subsessile, densely tomentose, basally bearing ovate-lanceolate bracteoles; involucres narrowly campanulate or subcylindrical, 5-7 mm broad, white tomentose; involucral bracts purple, 5-seriate, imbricate, ovate, ovate-lanceolate or oblong, unequal, 2-7 mm outer short and obtuse, inner rather acute, white villous. Receptacle flat, foveolate. Florets red-purple, corolla tubular, about 7 mm, glandular, with dilated limb; lobes 5, linear; apically glandular. Achenes subcylindrical, yellowish-brown, 3.5-3 mm, 3-ribbed on ventral, glabrous or subglabrous, glandular. Pappus white, the outer short, inner equal as long as the corolla, Fl. Mar.-May.
Thickets or mixed forests on slopes, 560-1680 m. W-SE-Yunnan. Also in Burma, Laos and Thailand.
6. Vernonia bochiana Diels Bot. Jahrb. 29: 608. 1900.
Pluchea rubicunda Schneider Pl. Wils. 3: 418. 1916.
Vernonia esculenta auct. non. Hemsley 1888.
Shrubs or small tree, 3-6 mm. Branches terete, finely striate;
densely grey or yellowish-fulvous tomentose. Leaves long-petiolate, membranaceous or thinly papyraceous, oblong-lanceolate or oblong-elliptic, rarely ovate-lanceolate, (8) 12-22 X 3-3.5 cm, acuminate or long-acuminate, mucronulate, obscurely repand-denticulate, repan or subentire; lateral veins 10-13-paired, vernules reticulate, veins adxially prominent, abxially dark-green, rather scabrid, papillose, adxially grey pubescent and white glandulose; petioles stout, 1.2-2.5 cm, densely grey or yellowish-fulvous tomentose. Capitula memerous, 6-8 mm in diameter, 8-12-flowered, in terminal or axillary 10-20 cm broad, laxly corymb; pedunales 5-10 mm, grey tomentose; involucres subglobose or hemispherical, 4-6 X 4-6 mm; involucralo bracts 5-seriate, coriaceous, ovate-oblong or oblong-obovate, rarely spathulate, obtuse, dark-brown or purplish-red, thickened mucronate, with white seriaceous hairs, the outer short, inner 4-5 X 1.5 mm. Receptacle rather convex. foveolate. Florets reddish-purple, corolla tubular, 7 mm, glandular; lobes linenar-lanceolate, glandular. Achenes subcylindr5ical, yellowish-fulvous, 3.5-4 mm, 3-ribbed on ventral, glabrous or subglabrous, glandular. Pappus white, the outer short, inner scabrid, equaling to the corolla Fl. Jul.-Nov.
Open places on slopes, thickets or forests margins, 500-1300 m. Sichuan, Guizhou and Yunnan.
7. Vernonia esculenta Hemslly Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 23: 401. 1888.
Vernonia papillosa Franchet Journ. Bot. 10: 368. 1896.
Vernonia arbor Laveille Repert. Sp. Nov. 11: 304. 1912.
斑鸠菊 ban jiu ju
Shrubs or small tree, 2-6 m. tall. Branches terete, more or
Less angled, striate, grey or grey-brown tomentose, petiolate, hardly papyraceous, oblong-lanceolate or lanceolate, 10-23 X 3-8 cm, acute or acuminate, cuneate, rarely subrounded at the base, mucronate-denticulate,repand or entire, lateral veins 9-13-paired, venulas reticulate, veins adxially prominent, abxially dark-green, rather scabrid, papillose, adxially pallide,especially densely grey pilose or tomentellate on the veins, glandulose on both surfaces; petioles 5-20 mm, densely grey-tomentellate. Capitula numerous, 2-4 mm in diameter, 5-6-flowered, terminal or axillary densely broadly paniculate, peduncles slender, 2-5 mm or subsessile, densely tomentose. Involucres obconical, 2-3 mm in diameter, acute at the base; involucral bracts few, coriaceous, about 4-seriate, ovate, or ovate-oblong or oblong, dark-greeen, acute or rather acute, mucronulate, grey pilose. Receptacles small, foveolate: Florets reddish-purple, corolla tubular, about 7 mm, glandular, dilated towards; lobes linear-lanceolate, glandular. Achenes yellowish-brown, subcylindrical, 3 mm, rather angled, sparsely puberulous and glandular. Pappus white or sordid-white, 2-seriate, the outer short, inner scabrid, 6-7 mm, Fl. Jul.-Dec.
Suny places on slopes, glassy slopes, thickets lax, forests or forests margins, 1000-2700 m. W. SW-Sichuan , Yunnan, Guizhou and W-Guangxi
Differs from V. bookiana by having small capitula, obconical involucres, 2-3 mm in diameter, involueral bracts few, about 4-seriate, ovate or ovate-oblong, acute, grey-pilose on the margins, 5-6-flored.
8. Vernonia sylvatica Dunn Journ. Soc. Bot. 35: 501. 1903
林生斑鸠菊 lin sheng ban jiu ju
Scandent shrubs. Branhes terete, striate, densely reddish-brown
pubescent. Leaves shortly petiolate, papyraceous, ovate or oblong, 6-13 X 2-5.5 cm, shortly acute or acuminate, or obtuse, obliquely rounded at the base, entire or sometimes sinutely denticulate; lateral veins 7-8-paired adxially prominent, venules reticulate, densely pubescent along the veins, and concavely glandulose; petioles 5-10 mm, densely reddish-brown pubescent. Capitula numerous, terminal broadly paniculate, 7-12 mm diameter; peduncles 5-15 mm, bearing 1-2. ovate-lanceolate bracteoles; involucres hemispherical, 3-5 mm; involucral bracts about 4-seriate, ovate or ovate-lanceolate, acute, black in central when dry, densely browrush pubescent, the outer short, ovate. Receptacle flat, Foveolate. About 10 flowered, florets purple or pink-purple, 3-4. times longer than the involoucres, fertile, corolla tubular, about 7 mm, lobes lanceolate, glandular; style-arms long. Acchenes cylindrical, 2 mm, glabrous or sparsely puberulous Pappus white, 2-seriate, outer very short,inner scabrous subequal the corolla. Fl. and fr. Sept.-March.
Lax forests in valley or thickets on roadside, 550-1900 m. Yunnan, Guangxi.
9. Vernonia chunii Chang Sunyatsenia 3: 272. pl. 35.1937.
Vernonia chunii Chang Sunyatsenia 3: 272. pl. 35. 1937.
Vernonia sylvatica sensu Merril et Chun Sunyatsenia 5: 196. 1940.
少花斑鸠菊 shao hua ban jiu ju
Scandent shrubs. Branches, inconspicuously striate, fulvous
tomentellate, mixed with glandular; Leaves petiolate, papyraceous, oblong or elliptic-oblong, rarely ovate, 7-13 X 2.8-5.7, shortly acute, rarely sounded-obtuse, rounded or attenuate at the base, entire or repand; lateral veins 3-6-paired, adxially prominent, venules reticulate, except the veins grey or fulvous tomentellate. Capitula numerous, 3-5 mm in diameter, terminal broadly paniculate, 2-3 flowered; peduncle very short; not over 2 mnm, fulvous tomentellate, 1-bracteolate at the base; involucres tubular, 4-5 mm; involuucral bracts subcoriaceous, 4-6-seriate, ovate to oblong, obtuse rarely acute, 1-veined, midrib, often purple, dorosally and margin tomentellate, the outer short, ovate, 1-1.5 mm. Receptacle flat, subfoveolate. Florets violaceous, overtopping the disc, fertile, corolla tubular, 5-6 mm, lobes linear-lanceolate, glabrous. Achenes suboblong, ca 2.5 mm, glabrous, glandular in conspicuously 5-ribbed. Pappus white or sordid-white, 2-seriate, the outer very short, the inner scabrous, 6.5 mm Fl. and fr. Jul.-Oct.
Foorests on slopes in valleys.
10. Vernonia cumingiana Bentham in Hooker, Kew Journ. Bot. 4: 232. 1825 excl. Pl. Philip. Et FDl. Hongh. 170. 1861. p.p.
Vernonia andeersonii auct. Non Clarke: Forbes et Hemsley Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 23: 1888.
Vernonia scandens Sensu Merr. Lingn. Sci Journ. 5: 182. 1927.
毒根斑鸠菊 dug en ban jiu ju
Climbing shrubs or scandent, 3-12 m. long. Branches terete,
striate, densely ferruginous or grey-fubvous tomentose Leaves shortly petiolate, thick papyraceous, ovate-oblong, oblong-elliptic or oblong-lanceolate, 7-21 X 3-8 cm, acute or shortly acuminate, cuneate or subrounded at the base, entire or rarely sparsely sinuate, lateral veins 5-7-paired, connated on nearly margins, venules conspicuously reticulate, veins adxially prominent, abxialy puberulous except midrib and lateral veins, glabrous or subglabrous, adxially densely or more densely ferruginous-pubescent, glandulose on both surfaces; petioles 5-15 mm, densely ferruginous tomentelose. Capitula numerous, 8-10 mm in diameter, 18-21-flowered, usually terminal or axillary laxly paniculate; peduncles 5-10 mm. often 1-2 bracteolate, bracteoles linear, densely
ferruginous or grey-brown tomentellate and glandular: Involucres ovoid-globose or campanulate, 6-8 X 8-10; involucral bracts 5-seriate, imbricate, ovate to oblong, obtuse or slightly acute, ferruginous or fulvous tomentullate, the outer short, inner oblong, 6-7 X 1-1.5 mm. Receptacle flat, 3 mm. in diameter, ferrugenous puberulent, Foveolate; florets reddish or reddish-purple, corolla tubular, 8-10 mm, glandular, lobes linear-lanceolate, apically glandular. Achenes subcylindrical, 4-4.45 mm, 10-ribbed, puberulous. Pappus red or reddish-brown, outer few or absent, inner scabrid-barbellate bristles, 8-10 mm. fl. Oct.-Apr.
Climbing on tree in oak forests or thickets in valleys,300-1500 m, Yunnan, Sichuan, Guizhou, Guangxi, Guangdong, Fujian and Taiwan. Also in Thailand, Vietnam, Laos. Cambodia Acording to the record, roots or stems can use forlumago due to wind-wetmess evil; muscular strain of the lumbar segion,numbness of limbs, also for fever, malaria, tooth ache conjunctival hyperemia, but roots and stem contain Vernonine. Poison.
11. Vernonia gratiosa Hance Journ. Bot. Brit. For. 20: 290. 1882.
Vernonia andersonii Henry, List, Pl. Formos. 51. 1896.
Vernonia andersonii C. B. Clarke var. albipappa Hayata Icon. Pl. Formos. 8: 42. 1919.
台湾斑鸠菊 tai wan ban jiu ju
Scandent shrubs. Stems up to 3 m. many branched; branches terete
striate, densely grey brown tomentose. Leaves shortly petiolate, papyraceous,oblong or lanceolate-obloong, 6-12 X l.5-4 cm, shortly acuminate, cuneate-rounded at the base, entire or laxly mucronulate; lateral veins 6-12-paired, veinlets reticulate, veins adxially inconspicuously raised, abxially sparsely puberulent or subglabrous, adxially densely grey-green or grey-brown pubescent; petioles 4-10 mm, densely pubescent. Capitula several, terminal or axillary paniculate, 10-15 mm in diameter; peduncles 2-12 mm. Involucres campanulate, usually 2 times shoter than the pappus, 6 X 7 mm; involucral bracts ca 4-seriate, the outer short and small, linear or linear-lanceolate, mediam and inner oblong, acute, densely brown pubescent. Receptacle rather convex, foveolate. florets ca 10, fertile, corolla tubular, purple, ca 10 mm, tube 5 mm, densely puberulous; lobes linear-lanceeolate, glabrous. Achenes cylindrical, 3-3.5 mm, rather compressed, 10-ribbed, puberulous. Pappus sordid-brown or reddish-brown, double, outer row very short, brestles, deciduous, inner scabrid-barbellate bristles, 9-10 mm Fl. and fr. Aug.-Febr.
Forests margins on slopes 450-700 m. Taiwan, Fujian.
12. Vernonia blanda(Wallich) De Candle Prodr.5: 32. 1836.
Conyza blanda Wallich Cat. 3033.1830. nom. nud.
Vernonia scandens auct. Non De Cande, ? Gagnepain in Lecomte Fl. Gen. Indo-Chin. 3: 468.1924.
喜斑鸠菊 xi ban jiu ju
Scandent, up to 3 m long; Branches terete, distinctly striate brown
puberulent and glandular, rarely glabrous. Leaves coriaceous, petiolate, elliptic or ovate-elliptic, rarely ovate-oblong,4.5-12 X 2-5 cm, acuminate or shortly acute, cuneatee-rounded at the base, entire, pinnatly veined, lateral veins 4-5 paired, adxially glabrous, abxially glabrous except midrib and lateral veins, glandular, veins abxially prominent; petioles 4-8 mm, puberulent. Capitula usually 3-5, in terminal and axillary leafy small panicles, rarely solitary in axils of upper part, 7-8 mm in diameter, 20-25 flowered; peduncles 5-8 mm, densely brown-puberulent, often bearing 1 linear-lanceolate bracteoles. Involucres narrowly campanulate, 8-10 X 5-7 mm; involucral bracts 5-6-seriate, yellow-green, ovate or oblong-lanceolalte, acute or rather acute, ciliate on the margins especially in upper part, 3-dark-brown veined, glabrous or subglabrous, the outer ca 2 mm, inner 7-8 X 1.5 mm. Receptacle, Foveolate. Floretes purplish; corolla tubular, 7-8 mm, with 3 mm slender tube and infundibular limb; lobes lanceolate, glandular. Achenes subcylindrical, ca 3-3.5 mm, more or less angled, ribbed, patently puberulent and glandular. Pappus 1-seriate, reddish, 8 mm. Fl. Sept.-Febr.
Thickets or forests on slopes, 1700-1950 m. Yunnan. Guangxi and Xizang. Also in India Burma, Vietnam, Laos and Malaysia
13. Vernonia chingiana Handel-Mazzetti Sinensia 7: 622. 1936.
广西斑鸠菊 guang xi ban jiu ju
Scandent shrubs, 1.5-3 m tall. Young branches puberulent, old
branches brown or ob livious-brown, glabrescent, distinctly striate and laxly yellow lenticelles, buds ferrugineous tomentose. Leaves coriaceous, shortly petiolate, obovate-oblong or elliptic-oblong, 4-14 X 1.5- 6.5 cm, acute or acuminate, rarely obtuse or shortly acute, cuneately attenuate at base into 0.5-1 cm petiole, petioles puberulent, entire or laxly denticulate, margin reflexed; brown or fulvous when dry, glabrous, nitid, adxially adpressed puberulent; lateral veins 4-5-paired, midrib and lateral veins abxially prominent, venules laxly reticulate. Capitula 3-6, terminal and axillary, densely racemose, 2 cm in diameter; peduncles 3-10 mm, with several leaf like bracteoles, densely puberulent. Involucres broadly campanulate, 12-15 X 15-20 m; involucral bracts ca 5-seriate, hard, apically many striate, obtuse or rather acute, often overtopping the disk; the outer ovate, 3mm, inner sublanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, 8-10 X 3 mm, with narrowly scarious margins, glabrous or ciliate on margins. Receptacle convex, 4-5 mm in diameter, foveolate. Florets numerous, fertile, corolla tubular, white, fragrant, with 10-11mm tube and broadly campanulate limb; lobes lanceolate, acute, often reflexed, glabrous. Achenes cylindrical, 7-9 mm, obscurely, 7-ribbed, glabrous or sparsely puberurous. Pappus yellow or fulvous, double, outer short, easily deciduous, inner scabrid-barbellate bristles, ca 12 mm.
Lax forests on ston mountain, on rock, thickets on slopes 400-600 m. Guangxi. Roots and leaves used for chidron infantile convulsion, injury of skin.
14. Vernonia saligna (Wallich) De Candle Prodr. 5: 33. 1836
Conysa saligna Wallich Cat. 3061. 1831. nom. Nud.
Vernonia martini Vaniot Bull. Acad. Intern. Geor. Bot. 12: 124. 1903.
Vernonia seguini Vaniot l.c. 241. 1903.
柳叶斑鸠菊 liu ye ban jiu ju
Perennial hard herbs, 60-100 cm tall or more . Stems woody at base
8 mm in diameter, erect; branches terete, striate, sparsely adpressed-puberulent or subglabrous, glandulalr. Leaves papyraceous, elliptic-oblong or oblanceolate, 5-18 X 1-5 cm, acuminate or acute, narrowly cuneate at the base, margin remotely serrate; lateral veins 7-8-paired, vennles recticulate,veins prominent abxially, scabrid-puberulent and glandular on bosh surfaces; petioles very short or subsessile. Capitula numerous, 5-8 mm in diameter, usually 6-8, terminal or axillary leafy corymbose, 16-2,-flowered; peduncles 5-8 mm, densely puberulent and glandular. Involucres narrowly Campanulate 5-7 X 6 mm; involucral bracts 4-5-seriate scabrous, ovate or oblong, 1.5-6 mm, reddish-purple in upper part, obtuse and mucronulate, sparsely tomentose-ciliate or subglabrous. Florets reddish-purple, corolla tubular, 6-7 mm, with slender tube and narrowly campanulate limb; lobes lanceolate, glandular. Achenes oblong, ca 2 mm, 10-ribbed, glabrous glandular between ribs. Pappus whitish 1-simple, scabridbar-bellate bristles ca 7 mm fl. Sept.-Febr.
Tickets or lax forests on open slopes, 500-1600 (-2100)
m. Yunnan,
Guangxi and Guangdong. Also in India, Nepal, Badgradesh, Burma, Vietnam, and
Thailand.
Leaves use for fever: Plant use for malaria.
15. Vernonia aspera (Roxburg) Buch-Hamiton Trans. Linn. Soc. 14: 219. 1824.
Eupatorium asperum Roxburg Hort. Beng 61. 1814.
Eupatorium pyramidale D. Don Prodr Fl. Nepal 170. 1825.
Vernonia roxburghii Lessing Linnea 6: 674. 1831.
Vernonia teres sensu Merril Lingn Sci Journ 5: 182. 1927. non Wallich
糙叶斑鸠菊 cao ye ban jiu ju
Perennial herbs, 1-2 m tall. Stems rigid, erect, woody at the base,
6-7 mm in diameter, simple or rarely branched, green or reddish-purple tinged striate pale fulvous hispidulous or subglabrous in lower part. Leaves papyraceous, hard, oblanceolate or obovate-lanceolate, rarely elliptic, 5-12 X 1.5-4.5 cm, acuminate or acute, narrowy cuneate at the base, margin serrate, obscure or subentire in lower part; lateral veins 7-10-paired, venules recticulate, veins abxially prominent, adxially papillose-hispidulous, abxially densely hispidulous, glandular on both surfaces; petioles very short or subsessile. Capitula larger, 1-1.5 cm in diameter, usually (2) 3-5 terminal or upper axillary densely paniculate-corymbose; shortly pedunculate or subsessile. Involucres campanulalte, 10-12 X 15 mm; involucral bracts 5-6-seriate, ovate, oblong or linear, 3-12 mm, apex purplish-red, mucronulate, sparsely pubescent or more or less glabrescent. Receptacleflat, foveolate, about 30-flowered; florets reddish-purple, corolla tubular, 7-8 mm; lobes linear, glandular. Achenes oblong-cylindrical, 2-2.5 mm, 10-ribbed, puberulent. Pappus sordid-white or more or less rubrescent later, outer row few, very short, inner row scalrid barbellate-bristles, 8-9 mm. Fl. Oct.-Mar.
Open grassland on slopes or roadside, 1400 m Yunnan, Guizhou and Hainan. Also in India, Burma Vietnam, Laos and Thailand.
16. Vernonia clivorum Hance Journ. Bot. 7: 164. 1869.
Aster coriaceifolius Leveille et Vaniot, Repert. Sp. Nov. 8: 358. 1910.
Vernonia saligna auct. Non De Candle: Dunn et Tutch, Kew Bull Inform. Misc. Add. ser. 10: 138. 1912.
岗斑鸠菊 gang ban jiu ju
Perennial herb, 50-90 cm tall, stems erect, simple or rarely
branched, angled or striate, puberulent, densely in upper part. Leaves papyraceous, shortly petiolate, oblong or oblong-lanceolate, 7-12 X 1.5-5 cm, acuminate or shortly acuminate, broadly cuneate or rounded at the base, upper margin sparsely serrate, entire in lower part; lateral veins 7-8-paired, venules recticulate, veins abxially convex, adxially glabrous or sparsely puberulent along the midrib, abxially puberulen and glandular along the veins, petioles 3-5 mm, puberulent. Capitula few, 6-8 mm in diameter, 15-20-flowered, usually laxly paniculate-corymbose on the lateral shortly branches; peduncles slender, 8-12 mm, with 2 linear bracteoles, bracteoles, densely puberulent and glandular. Involucres hemispheric, 6-7 X 6-8 mm; involucral bracts 5-seriate, linear, green or purple-red at the apex, acute, arachnoid-pubescent and glandular, the outer short, subulate, the inner 6-8 X 1 mm, with narronly scarious margins. Receptacle flat, fimbriate foveolate. Florets purple, corolla tubular, 6-8 mm, glabrous, sparsely glandular. Achenes oblong-cylindrical, 3-3.5 mm, 10-ribbed, hispidulous and glandular. Pappus white, double, the outer short, inner scabrid-barbellate bristles, 6 mm. Fl. Oct.-Febr.
Open places in valleys or thickets by lake, 1900 m.
Guangdong, S-Yunnan.also in Burma
17. Vernonia attenuate (Wallich) De Candle Prodr. 5: 33. 1836.
Conysa attenuate Wallich Cat. 3030. 1831. nom. nud.
狭长斑鸠菊 xia chang ban jiu ju
Perennial herbs, 30-70 cm tall or more. Stems erect, more or less
woody at the base, simple or inflorescence-branched in upper part, green, striate, adpressed-puberulent and glandular. Leaves conferted below the inflorescente-branches, subcoriaceous, shortly petiolate or sessile, lower leaves obovate or obovate-elliptic, rarely obovate-oblong, 7-14 X 3-5 cm, acuminate or shortly acute, rarely obtuse, broadly cuneate or subrounded at the base, margin sparsely mucronulate-denticulate; lalteral veins 6-8-paired, venules prominently recticulate on both surfaces, convex; upper leaves few, remote, linear or linear-lanceolate, 3.5-12 X 0.8-2 cm acuminate, rounded at the base, inconspicously finely toothed or subentire, all the leaves adxially glabrous, abxially sparsely puuberulent along the veins, concavely glandulose; petioles 2-5 mm,densely puberulent. Capitula few, usually 3-5 laxly corymbose or solitary and axilary, 10-12 mm in diameter, 15-20-flowered; peduncles 7-15 (20) mm, densely yellowish puberulent and glandular, l linear bracteolate at the base. Involucres obconical, 8-10 X 8 mm; involucral bracts 6-seriate, imbricate, oblong to linear, green or apically reddish-purple, apex subscarious, apiculate, margin and apex yellowish puberulent, dorsally subglabrous, the outer short and small, subulate, inner row ca 8 X 1 mm, glabrous, with narrowly scabrous margins. Receptacle flat, foveolate. Florets reddish-purple, corolla tubular, 7-8 mm, sparsely glandular; lobes linear-lanceolate, glandular at apex. Achenes subcylindrical, ca 3 mm, 10-ribbed, densely villous and glandular. Pappus white, double, outer hairs few short, inner scabrid-bristles, ca 6 mm. Fl. Oct.-Febr.
Thickets or lax forests in valleys, 600-1100 m.
S-Yunnan. Also in India, Sikkim, Burma.
18. Vernonia divergens (De Candle ) Edgeworth Journ. As. Soc. Beng. 21: 172. 1825.
Decaneurin divergens De Candle in Wight, Contr. Bot. Ind. 8. 1834.叉枝斑鸠菊 cha zhi ban jiu ju
Shrubby herbs, (0.6) 1-2 m tall. Stems robust, erect, divaricately
branched, striate, red-brown pubescent-tomentullate, more dense in upper part and branches. Leaves petiolate, elliptic-ovate or lanceolate, 5-12 X 2.5-10 cm, acuminate or shortly acute, cuneately attenuate, margin shallowly serrate; Lateral veins 7-paired, venules recticulate, adxially papillose-scabrid-hairs, abxially yellowish or reddish-brown tomentose, denser along the veins; petioles 5-7 mm, densely tomentellate. Capitula numerous, usually terminal and multibranched corymbose-paniculate, peduncles very short. Involucres campanulate, 5-6 broad; involucral bracts 3-4-seriate, ovate-oblong or ovate, 1-5 mm, with greenish or purplish tip, obtuse or shortly acute, puberulous or subglabrous, outer short, ovate. Receptacle flat or rather convex, foveolate, 8-12-flowered, pink, overtopping the disk, fertile; corolla tubular, 5-6 mm; lobes acute, glabrous. Achenes subcylindrical, glabrous, conspicously 10-ribbed, glandular between the ribs. Pappus sordid-white or reddlish, double,linear-lanceolate, 3-4 mm, glandular. Achenes oblong-cylindrical, ca 4 mm, 10-ribbed, adpressed puberulous or glandular between the ribs. Papus yellowish-brown, outer few, short, inner scabrid bristles, ca 8 mm. Fl. Sept-Nov.
Grassland, thickets or forests margins 1000-2400 m Yunnan, Guizhou and Guangxi Also in Laos.
19.Vernonia extensa (Wallich) De Candle Prodr. 5: 33. 1836.
Conysa extensa Wallich Cat. 3016. 1831. nom. Nud.
Vernonia subarbosea Vaniot Bull. Acad. Internat. Geogr. Bot. 12: 126. 1903.
Vernoniacy lindriceps auct. Non C. B. Clarke; Merr. Brittonia 4: 182. 1941.
展枝斑鸠菊 zhan zhi ban jiu ju
Shrubsor or subshrubs, 2-3 m tall. Branches terete, extended,
striate. Branches and inflorescence densely yellowish-brown puberulent and glandular. Leaves think, or submembranaceous, shortly petiolate, oblong or oblong-lanceolate, 9-12 X 3-7.5 cm, acuminate, cuneately attenuate, margin mucronate-serrate; lateral 9-10-paired, venules inconspicuously recticulate, veins abxially more or less convex, adxially dark-green,adpressed hispidulous or more or less glabrescent,abxially densely or sparsely yellow-puberulent, and glandular; petioles 5-10 mm, densely puberulent. Capitula numerous, 4-5 mm in diameter, 8-10-flowered, usually terminal or upper axillary laxly or densely corymbose; peduncles (3) 5-8 mm, 1-2 linear bracteolate, densely yellowish puberulent and glandular. Innvolucres cylindrical 6-7 X 4-5 mm; involucral bracts few, concave obtuse, coriaceous, ca 5-seriate, subimbricate, ovate-oblong, yellow-green or with reddish-purple tip, obtuse, puberulent or subglabrous outermost very short, inner linear-oblong, 6-7 X 1-1.5 mm Receptacle small and flat, foveolate. Florets white or reddish; corolla tubular, 8-10 mm, glandulose-puberulous; lobes linear-lanceolate, 2.5-3 mm, apically glandular. Achenes oblong-cylindrical, 4 mm, 10-ribbed, puberulous and glandular. Pappus reddish, outer bristles few, short, inner scabrid-bristle, 8-10 mm. Fl. Oct.-Mar.
Lax forests or thickets in valleys, roadside on slopes, 1200-2100 m, Yunnan, Guizhou, Also inn Nepal. Sikkim Bhutan.
19. Vernonia nantcianensis (Pampamni) Handel-Mazzetti Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Mus. Berl.-Dahl. 13: 608. 1937.
Vernonia bracteata var. nantcianensis Pampamni Nouv. Giorn. Bot. Ital. n. s. 18: 98. 1911.
Vernonia silhetensis var. nantcianensis (Pampamni) Handel-Mazzetti Symb. s. n. 7: 1084, 1936.
南漳斑鸠菊 nan zhang ban jiu ju
Annual herbs, 50-80(100) cm, Stems erect or ascending branched
Above, distinctly striate, sparsely scabrid hairs and glandular hairs, rarely subglabrous. Leaves periolate, thinkly papyraceous, ovate or lanceolate-elliptic, 3-10 X 1-4 cm, long or shortly acuminate, cuneately attenuate into 0.5-1.5 cm petioles, loosely serrate on median margins; lalteral veins 5-7-paired, midrib and lateral veins abxially inconspicuous adxially sparsely adpressed hispidulous, abxially puberulent and glandular along the veins. Capitula larger, terminal or axillary solitary, 1.3-1.5 cm in diameter; peduncles robust, rather dilate above, densely puberulent and glandular. Involucres campanulate, 10-13 X 12-15 mm; involucral bracts 5-6-seriate, ovate to ovate-oblong,upper part and margin purple-red, mucronulate, often shorter than the disk, densely pubescent. Receptacla slightly convex, foveolalte. Florets numerous, fertile; corolla tubular, pink-purple, 12 mm, with 7-8 mm tube and campanulate limb; lobes linear-lanceolate, glandular. Achenes cylindrical, dark-brown, 4 mm, 10-ribbed, puberulous. Pappus double, yellowish-brown, outer short, bristle, easily deciduous, inner scabrid bristles, 7-8 mm, Fl. and fr. Aug.-Oct.
Forests margins in valleys or on slopes, 700-1950 m, W-Hubei and Sichuan.
20. Vernonia spirei Gandoger Bull. Soc. Bot. Fr. 54: 194. 1907.
Vernonia stibaliae Handel-Mazzetti Symb. Sin. 7: 1084. 1936.
Serratula darrisii Leveille Repert. Sp. Nov. ll:305. 1912.
折苞斑鸠菊zhe bao ban jiu ju
Perennial herbs, 40-80 cm tall. Stems erect hard， branched, rarely
simple, disitinctly striate, ferruginous-puberulent. Leaves thickly papyceous, shortly petiolate,elliptic-obovate or oblong-lanceolate, rarely oblanceolate, 5-12 X 2.5-4 cm, shortly acute or acuminate, or sometimes obtuse, rather narrowed or cuneately attenuate at the base, margin sparsely serrulate or serrate; lateral veins 5-7-paired, venules recticulate, veins axially prominent, axially dark-green, slightly scabrid, hispidulous, axially or along veins puberulent and white glandular; petioles 3-5 mm, densely pubescent. Capitula larger, 1.5-2 cm, often terminal solitary and upper axillary racemose; peduncles 3-9 cm, densely ferruginous pubescent, often with 1-2 reduced leaflets, involucres conic or subsphaecoid, 10-15 X 15-20 mm; involucral bracts 6-seriate, imbricate, unequal, green or reddish-purple in upper part, outer subulate, short, median ovate or ovate-obong, abruptly attenuate into 3-5 mm reflexed hardly mucro yellow or yellowish-brown arachnoid villous, inner linear, 10-12 X l.5 mm, apex red-purple, more or less., lacerate hardly mucronate, with broadly scabrous margins, sparsely puberulent. Receptacler flat, 5 mm in diameter, fooveolate. Florets numerous, corolla tubular 9-10 mm, glandular; lobes linear-lanceolata 3-4 mm, glandular. Achenes oblong-cyllindrical, ca 4 mm, 10-ribbed, adpressed puberulous or glandular between the ribs. Pappus yellowish-brown, outer few, short, inner scabrid hairs, ca 8 mm. Fl. Sept-Nov.
Grassland, thickets or forest margin, 1000-2400 m, Yunnan, Guizhou, Guangxi. Also in Laos.
21. Vernonia squarrosa (D. Don) Lessing Linnaea 4: 627. 1831.
Acilepis squarrossa D.Don Prodr. Fl. Nepal. 169. 1825.
Vernonia rigiophylla De Candle Prodr. 5: 15. 1836
Vernonia teres Wallich ex De Candle l.c. 15. 1836
Vernonia squarrosa var. orientalis Kitamura Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 24: 16. 1969
刺苞斑鸠菊 ci bao ban jiu ju
Perennial herb, 15-35 cm tall or higher. Stems hard, erect terete,
usually simple, finely striate, rather, scabrid, adpressed brownish puberulent and glandular; Leaves conferted, hard, subsessile or shortly petiolate, obovate, elliptic-obovate or oblong-lanceolate, 5-8 X 1.5-2.5 cm,shortly acute or obtuse, attenuate or sometimes rounded at the base, finely serrate; lateral veins 6-paired, venules conspicuously recticulate, veins adxially prominent, abxially and marginally scabrid-pappilise or scabrid hairs, abxially sparsely adpressed puberulent and glandular. Capitula large, 2-2.5 cm in diameter, solitary at the apex of stem and in upper axils of leaves, subsessile or shortly peduncled, with reduced leaflets. Involucres oboconic, 15-16 X 15 mm; involucral bracts numerous, 6-seriate, imbricate, with red-purple ting, outer bracts short, subulate or subulate-lanceolate, median oblong-lanceolate, apically rigid-spinescent, white-arachnboid-tomentose, glandular, inner sublinear, 14-15 X 1 mm, long-acuminate, with narrowly scarious margins, glabrous. Receptacle flat and foveolate. 30-50 flowered, reddish-purple or purple; corolla tubular, 13-14 mm, glandular; lobes linear, ca 4 mm, apically glandular. Achenes oblong-cylindrical, 3-4 mm, 10-ribbed, densely sericeous and glandular. Pappus sordid-white or yellowish, double, outer few, short, inner scabrid hairs 8-9 mm. Fl. Sept.-Nov.
On grassy slopes, 1200-1800 m, Yunnan, Also in India, Nepal, Sikkim. Bhutan, Burma, Thailand, Vietnam and Cambodia
23. Vernonia henryi Dunn Journ. Linn. soc. Bot. 35: 500. 1903
黄花斑鸠菊 huang hua ban jiu ju
Scandent shrub. Stems distinctly angled and striate, thinly white tomentose. Leaves papyraceous, shortly petiolate, broadly or narrowly ovate, 5-12.5 X 2-7.5 cm, acuminate, rounded or broadly cuneate at the base, entire, basally trianervous, veinlets more or less natted, veins adxially distinctly raised, except pubescent on veins, glandular on both surfaces; petioles 3-5 mm, densely pubescent, upper leaves gradually smaller. Capitula usually 3-7 densely corymbose at the top of stem and branches, 12-18 mm in diameter, numerous; peduncles 5-10 mm, with 1 ovate-lanceolate bracteole, thinly white tomentose. Involucres campanulate 8-10 mm; in volucral bracts 5-6-seriate, subcoriaceous, ovate to oblong, acute, dark-brown when dry, sparsely lanate or more or less gabrescent outer ovate, very short. Receptacle flat and foveolate: Florets 2 times overtopping the disk, gold-yellow, fertile; corolla tubular, 7-8 mm; lobes linear-lanceolate, glandular. Achenes cylindrical 4-5 mm; 10-ribbed, puberulous and glandular. Pappuis yellowrish double, outer few, very short, inner scabrid hairs, 6-7 mm, easily deciduous. Fl. Sept.-Nov.
Sunny places on slopes, 1200-1400 m, Yunnan
24. Vernonia forrestii Anthony Not. Bot. Gard. Edimb. 18: 35. 1933
滇西斑鸠菊 dian xi ban jiu ju
Shrub, up to 3 m. Branches grey-white, conspicuously angled, white tomentellate, mixed with numerous ellow glandular, more dense above. Leaves shortly petiolate, ovate, 4-5 X l.5-2.5 cm, acuminate, broadly cuneate or subrounded at the base, entire nearly basally trinerved, veinlets abxially raised, abxially or along veins grey-white pubescent, yellowish glandular on both surfaces. Petioles 1-1.5 cm, upper leaves gradualy smaller. Capitula larger, 2 cm in diameter, often terminally solitary. Florets numerous (ca 80). Involucres campanulate, overtopping the disk; involucral bracts 5-6 seriate, coriaceous lanceolate, 1.5 X 2 mm, acuminate or long-acuminate, glabrescent, outer bracts short, sometimes arachnoid-lanate. Receptacle flat and foveolate. Florets fragrant, gold-yellow, fertile; corolla tubular, 8-10 mm glandular;lobes linear-lanceolate. Achenes obconical, ca 3 mm, densely silky-villous. Pappus white, double, outer short, few, inner scabrid-bristles, longer than corollas. Fl. Sept.-Oct.
NW-Yunnan, SW-Sichuan
25. Vernonia cinera (Linneaus) Lessing, Linnaea 4: 291. 1829.
Conyza cinnerea Linneaus Sp. Pl. 862. 1753.
Conyza chinensis Linneans Sp. Pl. 862. 1753.
Vernonia abbreviata (Wallich) De Candle Prodr. 5: 25. 1836.
Vernonia exillis Miqual, Journ. Bot. Nearl. 1: 88. 186l.
Blumea esquorolii Leveille et Vaniot, Repert. Sp. Nov. 7: 22. 1909
夜香牛 ye xiang niu
Annual or perennial herbs. 20-100 cm tall. Root vertical, more or less woody, branched, with fibrous roots. Stems erect, usually branched, or rarely branched from the base, striate, grey adpressed puberulent, glandular, lower and median leaves petiolate, rhombic-ovate, rhombic-oblong or ovate, 3-6.5 X 1.5-3 cm acute or slightly obtuse, basally cuneate attenuate in winged petioles, margin remotely mucronate-serrate, or repand; lateral veins 3-4-paired, adxially green, sparsely pubeerulent, abxially especially along veins grey-white or yellowish puberulent, glandular on both surfaces; petioles 10-20 mm, upper leaves progressively smaller, narrowly oblong-lanceolate or linear, shortly petiolate or subsessile. Capitula numerous, or rarely lew, 6-8 mm in diameter, 19-28-flowered, terminally corymbose-paniculate; peduncles 5-15 mm, with linear bracteoles or ebrasteolate, densely puberulent. Involucres campanulate, 4—5 X 6-8 mm; involucral bracts 4-seriate, green or sometimes become purple, puberulent and glandular, outer linear, 1.5-2 mm, acuminate, median linear, inner linear-lanceolate, spinescent, 1-veined or sometimes conspicuously 3-veined in upper part. Receptacle flat, foveolate. Florets reddish-purple; corolla tubular 5-6 mm, sparsely puberulous, glandular; lobes linear-lanceolate, puberulous and glandular at apex. Achenes cylindrical, ca 2 mm, densely puberulent and glandular. Pappus white, double, outer numerous short, inner scabrid bristles, 4-5 mm Fl. Whole year
Weed often open places on slopes, field and roadside. Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Fujian Taiwan, Hubei, Hunan, Guangdong, Guangxi, Yunnan and Sichuan. India to Indochina Island. Japan, Indonnesia and Africa.
Plant as medicine, used for. Expel wind-evil and clear, away heat, drawout the pus, tranquilige and sedation, promote digestion and relieve dyspepsia.
25a. var. cinerea
夜香牛（原变种） ye xiang niu (yuan bian zhong)
25b. 小花夜香牛 xiao hua ye xiang niu
var. parviflora (Reinwardt.) De Candle Prodr. 5: 24. 1836.
Vernonia parviflora Reinwardt, Blume fl. Neerl. Ind.893. 1826.
Plant dwarf, usually lass than 20 cm tall, lower leaves elliptic-ovate or broadly ovate to subrounded, abxially sparsely pubescent; capitula small, 4-5 mm; involucres 2.5-3.5 mm. differing from var. cinerea.
Guangdong, Taiwan, Also in Asia, Africa and Australia.
26. Vernonia maritime Merril, Philipp. Journ. Bot. 3: 404. 1908, descr.
Vernonia maritime Hayata, Journ. Coll. Sci. Univ. Tokyo 22: 202 (Enum Pl. Formos.) 1906, nom. nud.
Vernonia kawakami Hayaka, Journ. Coll. Sci. Univ. Tokyo 30(1): 149. 19ll.
滨海斑鸠菊 bin hai ban jiu ju
Dwarf subshrub; 7-10 cm tall, rarely higher. Stems often curved or
procumbent, obliquely ascending in upper part, many branched, striate,
grey-white hispidulous. Lower leaves withered by anthesis, median
leaves numerous, conferted, spathulate, 1.5-2.5 X 0.4-0.7 cm, rounded
or obtuse, base progressively attenuate into slender petioles, entire
or repand, densely grey-white hgispidulous, upper leaves smaller,
spathulate. Capitula few, usually 3-5 corymbose, 5-7 mm in diameter;
peduncles 5-12 mm with 1-2 subulate bracteoles, densely hispidulous.
Involucres ca 4 X 5-7 mm; involucral bracts 5-seriate, imbricate,
outer-bracts subsubulate 1.5-2 mm, spinescent, puberulous, median
ovate, ca 3 mm, acute and mucronulate, inner oblong, sparsely puberulous,
with scarious margins.Receptacle flat, foveolate; corolla tubular, 2.5
mm, with campanulate limb; lobes lanceolate, apically glandular. Achenes
subcylindrical, 1-1.2 mm, 5-angled, truncate at apex, glandular between
the ribs or sometimes sparsely puberulous. Pappus simple, white, ca
1 mm, deciduous.
Taiwan. Also in Philippen
27. Vernonia patula (Dryander) Merril, Philipp. Journ. Sci. 3: 439. 1908.
Conysa patula Dryander in Ait. Hort. Kew 3: 184. 1789.
Vernonia chinensis Lesing, Linnaea 6: 320. 1881.
咸虾花 xian xia hua
Annual robust herbs. 30-90 cm tall. Roots vertical, with numerous
fibrous roots. Stems erect, many branched, branches terete, speading, conspicuously striate, grey puberulent and glandular. Radical and lower leaves withered by anthesis median leaves petiolate, ovate, ovate-elliptic, rarely rounded, 2-9 X 1-5 cm, obtuse or rather acute, base broadly cuneate into petioles, margin crenate-mucronate toothed, repand or subentire; lateral veins 4-5-paired, ascenting, adxidly green, sparsely puberulent or glabrous, abxially grey-seriaceous-pubescent and glandular; petioles 1-2 cm, unwinged in lower part; upper leaves gradually smaller. Capitula usually 2-3 on the top of branches, or broadly paniculate or corymbose, 8-10 mm i9n diameter, 75-100 flowered; peduncles 5-25 mm, densely seriaceous-villous, ebracteate; Involucres compressed-spharoidal, 6-7 X 8-10 mm, base rounded, more or less concave; involucral bracts 4-5-seriate, green, lanceolate, outmost spreading, 3-4 mm, subspine-like-acuminate, green or rather purple, with stramineous margins, subcoriaceous, sericeous-villous and glandular, median and inner narrowly oblong-lanceolate, ca 6 mm, spiculate. Receptacle slightly convex, foveolate: Forets reddish-purple; corolla tubular, 4-5 mm; lobes linear-lanceolate, acute, puberulous and glandular.Achenes subcylindrical, 1-l.5 mm, 4-5-angled, glabrous, glandular, Pappus white, simple, scabrid-bristles, 2-3 mm. easily deciduous. Fl. Jul.-May
Open places on slopes, field and roadside. Fujian, Taiwan,
Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou and Yunnan. Also in India, Indo-China
Island,Philippin and Indonesia
Medicinal plants, expel cold, clear away heat to stope diarrhea,
used for stomach and intestine, wind-heat type common cold headache,
malaria, etc.
28. Vernonia albosquama Y. L. Chen, Kew Bull. 39(1): 157. 1984.
白苞斑鸠菊 bai bao ban jiu ju
Tree? Or small tree, branches robust, striate, with densely
ferruginous tomentose buds. Leaves alternate, shortly petiolate,
coriaceous or subcoriaceous, ovate-oblanceolate vel oblanceolate, 11-18
X 3-7.5 cm, shortly acuminate vel acute, margin obscurely denticulate and
callose-mucronulate, cuneate at the base, brownish when dry, adxially
puberulous, glabrescent, later, abxially densely brownish-fulvous
tomentose, lateral veins 18-20, conspicuously reticulate on both
surfaces, midrib and lateral veins abxially prominent; petioles stout,
3-7 mm, densely ferrugineous-tomentose. Capitula 8-9 at apex of stems or
in upper leaves-axil corymbose, multiflowered, subglobose, up 3 cm in
diameter; peduncles 1.5-4 cm, densely
fulvous-tomentose,linear-lanceolate bracteate: Involucres obconica, 2.5
X 3 cm; involucral bracts 7-8-seriate,coriaceous, outer ovate, 3-4 X 2-2.5
mm, median ovate-oblong, 8-10 X 4 mm, inner oblong, 15-17 X 2.5-3 mm,
rounded, densely yellowish-tomentose and glandular. Florets reddish 12
mm, glandular and puberulous; lobes lanceolate, ca 3-4 mm, apex white
pilose.Achenia cylindrical, 7-8 mm, 10-ribbed, sparsely adpressed
puberulous and glandular. Pappus sordid-white, double, outer few,
palaceous, inner scabrid, bristlesll mm. Fl. Jun.
Mixed forest on limeston hills. Guangxi (Jishan xian)
3. Camchaya Gagnepan
Gagnepan in Lecomte, Not. Syst. 4: 14. 1920.
Thoretia gagnepan, l. c. 18: 1920.
Thorelrella C. Y. Wu, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 6: 297. 1957.
Quoad nom.
凋缨菊属 diao ying ju shu
Annual erect herbs . Leaves alternate, petiolate, margin repand or serrate, pinnate vein. Capitula solitary or corymbose, homogamous, with numerous, hermaphrodite florets. Involucres campanulate or hemispheric; involucral bracts multiseriate, imbricate, herbaceous, unequal, outer shorter, Receptacle flat, rounded-foveolate, naked. Florets fertile, purple or purplish; corolla tubular, with slender tube and narrowly campanulate limb; lobes 5, triangular or linear-lanceolate, often glandular hairs. Anthers obtusely auriculate at the base. Style-arms linear, acuminate, puberulous. Achenes obovate or oblong-obovoid, rather compressed, 10-ribbed or rarely 5-ribbed, glabrous though sometimes glandular between the ribs. Pappus of few, 1-10 short, scabrid, easily deciduous bristles, or absent.
7 species, Indochina Island, Mainly in Thailand. 1 species oceurs in Yunnan, China.
1. Camchaya loloana Karr, Kew Bull. Misc. Inf. 327. 1935.
Vernonia loloana Dunn ex Kerr. In Craib. Fl. Siam. 2: 236. 1936.
Thoreliamontana Gagnepain in Lecomte, Nat. syst. 4: 18. 1920.
Thoreliella Montana (Gagnepain ) C. Y. Wu, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 6: 297. 1957.
凋缨菊 diao ying ju
Annual herbs, 50-80 cm tall, stems erect, striate, branched in
upper part, adpressed hairs and sparsely glandular hairs. Leaves
papyraceous, lower leaves lanceolate, 5-6 X 2-2.5 cm, shortly acute or
acuminate, base progressively attenuate into a shortly petioles, margin
repand or shallowly dentate; lateral veins 7-9-paired, abxially
prominent., adpressed sparsely hispidulous and glandur on both surfaces,
upper leaver smaller, ovate, obtuse, rounded at the base. Capitula larger,
terminal or axillary solitary, 10 mm in diameter; peduncles 0.5-2 cm,
densely adpressed-pilose. Involucres hemispherical; phyllaries
multi-seriate, the outer small, lanceolate, long-acuminate, margin
ciliate, dorsally adpressed-setose and glandular, 3-7 X 0.7-1.3 mm, the
innermost oblong-lanceolate, 8 X 1 m, acute, shortly ciliate on the
margin, dorsally sparsely pilose and glandular. Florets purple; corolla
tubular, c. 5 mm, with slender tube and narrowly campanulate; lobes
triangular. Achenes obvoid, c. 2 mm, 10-ribbed, glabrous. Pappus very
few,2 mm, easily deciduous. Fl. Aug.-Nov.
Thickets in valley, forests margin or lax forests. 540-1600 m. S-Yunnan.
Elephantopus Linneaus
Linneaus Sp. Pl. 814. 1753 et Gen. Pl. ed. 5. 5355. 1754.
地胆草属 di dan cao shu
Rigid perennial herbs, pubescent. Leaves alternate, sessile or
shortly petiolate, entire or serrate, or rarely pinnately lobulate,
pinnately veined. Capitula numerous, densely aggregated in secondary
head, surrounded by foliaceous bracts, secondary heads soliary or
variously arranged in corymbs, panicles, or spikes, small, few-flowered.
Involucres cylindrical or oblong, slightly compressed; phyllaries
generally eight, in four decussate pairs, oblong, acute or apiculate,
outer four shorter than the inner-four. Receptacle small, naked; florets
hermaphrodite, homogamous, fertite; corolla tubular, with infundibular
Limb ; lobes 5, usually more deeply clefdt between two inner lobes. Anthers
shortly acute, shortly hastate at the base obtusely auriculte.
Style-arms filiform, apically subulate. Achenes oblong-obovoid, somewhat
flattened, 10-ribbed, setose and often glandular between the ribs. Pappus
1- seriate, five to many,scabrid-barbellate, basally widened
bristles,rarely reduced to a scaly corona.
Ca 30 species, pantropical, mainly in south America, 2 species distributed in S. and SW China.
1a Stems more or less dichotomally dichotomally branched, adpressed hispid. Leaves mostly radical, basal leaves persistent, cauline leaves few and small, spathulate or oblanceolate; florets purplish or reddish 1. E. scaber
1b Stems multibranched, spreading villous; Leaves remotely arranged, basal leaves shed by anthesis, cauline leaves oblong-obovate or elliptic; florets white 2. E. tomentosus
地胆草 did an cao
Scabiosa cochinchinensis Loureiro
Asterocephalus cochinchinensis Sprengel
Rhizomes procumbent or oblique ascending, with numerous fibrous
roots. Stems erect, 20-60 cm, often more or less, dichotomally branched, slightly scabrid, densely white adpressed hirsute. Basal leaves persistent by anthesis, rosulate, spathulate or oblanceolte, 5-18 X 2-4 cm, rounded or shortly acute, basally gradually attenuated into broadly shortly petiolate, margin crenate-serrate, cauline leaves few and small, oblanceolate or oblong-lanceoltge, towards progressively smaller, adxially sparsely hirsute, abxially densely hirsute and glandular. Capitula numerous densely aggregated in compound heads, surrounded by foliaceous bracts; bracts green, herbaceous, broadly ovate or oblong-ovate, 1-1.5 X 0.5-1 cm, acuminate, with conspicuously raised veins, hirsute and glandular. Involucres narrow, 8-10 X 2 mm. phyllaries green or apically purple-red, oblong-lanceolate, acuminate and spinecent, 1 or 3-veined, hirtellous and glandular, outer 4-5, inner c. 10 mm. florets 4, purplish or pink; corolla 7-9 mm, tube 4-5 mm. Achenes oblong-linear, c. 4 mm, angled, puberulent: Pappus sordid-white 5-rarely 6 basally widened bristles, 4-5 mm. Fl. Jul.-Nov.
Often on open slopes, roadside or forests margins in valley 1400 m., Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Fujian, Taiwan, Hunan, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Yunnan and Hainan, widerly distributed in tropical area of America, Asia and Africa, Medicinal plant., as clear away heat and toxic materials, promote diceresis to reduce edema, used for common cold with headache, stomach disease, pharyngolarygitis; tonsillitis, edema due to hisely-asthema, conyunctive hyperema, and furuncle, etc.
E. bodimeri Gagnepain, Bull. Soc. Bot. France 68: 117.
白花地胆草 bai hua did an cao
Rhizomes robust, oblique-ascending or procumbent, with fibrous
roots. Stems erect, 0.8-1 m tall, or more, multibranched, angled, white villous. Basal leaves withered by anthesis, lower leaves oblong-oblvate, 8-20 X 3-5 cm,acute, basally progressively attenuated in to winged petioles, rather amplexicaul, upper leaves elliptic or oblong-elliptic, 7-8 X l.5-2 cm, subsessile or shortly petiolate, the uppermost very small, all the leaves mucronate-serrate, rarely entire, adxially rugose and verrucous, sparsely or densely puberulent, abxially densely villous and glandular. Capitula 12-20, aggregated in compound heads, surrounded by 3 foliaceous bracts; bracts green, ovate-cordate, slender long-pedunculate, laxly corymbose. Involucres oblong, 8-10 X 1.5-2 mm; phyllaries green or sometimes apically purple-red, outer 4, lanceolate-oblong, 4-5 mm, acute, 1-veined, glabrous or subglabrous, inner 4, elliptic-oblong, 7-8 mm, acute, 3-veined, sparsely adpressed shortly hairs and glandular. Florets 4, corolla white, infundibular, 5-6 mm, with slender tube; lobes lanceolate, glabrous. Achenes oblong-linear, c. 3 mm, 10-ribbed, puberulent. Pappus sordid-white, with 5 basally widened brisfles. Fl. Aug.-May.
On open slopes, roadside or thicketes, Fujian, Guangdong and Taiwan, Widely distributed in Tropical area.
Plant also as medicine.
4. pseudoelephantopus Rohr.
Rohr., Skkrift. Nat. Selsk. Kiobenl. 2: 214. 1792.
假地胆草属 jia did an cao shu
Herbs perennial. Stems erect, rather-hard. Leaves alternate, basal leaves usually aggregated and rosulate, subsessile, entire or remotely serrate, pinnately veined. Capitula 1-6, fascicled in upper axils, cluslers supported by foliaceous bracts, aggregated in genera clusters arranged in lonng spikes. Involucres oblong; phyllaries generally eight, in four decussate pairs, the outer 2 shorter than the inner,glomerate-globose. Receptacle small, naked. Florets hermaphrodite, fertiles, corolla tubular, apically 5-lobulate, white to bluish purple, slightly zygomorphic and pseudoligulate, more deeply cleft between two of the inner lobes. Anthers apically rather short and obtuse, shortly hastate at the base, obtusely auriculate, styla-arms filiform, acute, hairy. Achenes obovoid, somewhat flattened, 10-ribbed, setuse, glandular between the ribs. Pappus of flattened scabrid-barbellate bristtes, some or all of which are bent or curved.
2 species in tropical America and Africa. 1 species in China.
假地胆草 jia did an cao
Elephantopus spicatus Jussien ex Aublet, Pl. Guiana 2: 808. 1932.
Distreptas spicatus (Jussien ex Aublet) Cassini. Herbs perennial,
(40) 60-100 cm tall. Stems erect, branched, striate, sparsely hirsute or subglabrous. Leaves subsessile, slightly amplexicaul, entire or remotely serrate, lateral veins 8-11-paired, adxially scabrous, sparsely scabrid hairs or subglabrous and glandular, abxially especially hirtellous on veins and densely glandular, lower leaves oblong-obovate or oblong-spathulate, 7-20 X 1-5 cm, attenuate at the base, obtuse or shortly acute, upper leaves olong-lanceolate, 2.5-11.5 X 0.5-1.5 cm, attenuate on both end. Capitula 1-6 aggregated in clusters, clusters arranged in terminal spikes. Involucres oblong, 10-12 X 4 mm; phyllaries elliptic-oblong, acuminate or acute, 10 X 2 mm, dark-green, 1-veined, and glandular. Florets white, corolla subtubular, lobes 5, lanceolate. Achenes linear-oblong, c. 6 mm, 10-ribbed, densely setuse, glandular between the ribs. Pappus few, 4 mm, 2 of which often bent. Grassland. Native in Tropical America and Africa. Taiwan and Guangdong. Also in Malaysia, Indonensia and Phillippen.