Myoporaceae [Draft]

苦槛蓝科 ku jian lan ke

Hong Deyuan (洪德元)；Robert J. Chinnock

                Shrubs or small trees, glabrous or covered with scalelike, stellate, plumose, or glandular trichomes. Stems and branches terete. Stipules absent. Leaves simple, alternate, rarely opposite, petiolate; leaf blade often with semitransparent glands, pinnately veined, margin entire or serrate. Flowers in a cyme or solitary and axillary; bracts and bracteoles both absent. Flowers perfect. Calyx 5-lobed; lobes imbricate, ± persistent. Corolla connate, tubular-infundibular to campanulate, nearly actinomorphic or zygomorphic; limbs nearly regular or markedly 2-lipped; abaxial lip patent or recurved, 3-lobed or undivided, lobes equal or slightly unequal and imbricate; adaxial lip patent, recurved, or erect, 2--4-lobed. Stamens 4(--7), inserted in corolla-tube, alternate with corolla-lobes; filaments filiform; anthers basifixed or dorsifixed, thecae often divergent at base but convergent at apex; staminode 1, at posterior, or absent. Gynoecium of 2 connate carpels; ovary superior, 2-locular; style single, apical; ovules 2 per locule or 1 per compartment due to separation of ovary into 3--10 compartments, pendulous, anatropous; stigma capitate. Fruits a berry, with 2--10 seeds. Seeds with a straight or slightly curved embryo; endosperm absent or sparce.

                Three genera and ca. 230 species: tropical America, SE Asia, Australia, Indian Ocean Islands, Pacific Island; one genus and one species (not endemic) in China.

1. MYOPORUM Banks & Solandander ex G. Forster, Fl. Ins. Austr. 44. 1786.

苦槛蓝属 ku jian lan shu

                Pentacoelium Siebold & Zuccarini; Polycoelium A. de Candolle.

                Shrubs or small trees, evergreen. Stems erect or rarely prostrate. Leaves alternate or rarely opposite; leaf blade with scattered semitransparent glands, margin entire or serrate. Flowers in a cyme or solitary and axillary. Calyx 5-lobed, persistent. Corolla nearly actinomorphic, campanulate or tubular-infundibular, usually 5(--7)-lobed; lobes nearly equal in size or abaxial ones slightly larger. Stamens 4(--7), equal in size. Ovary 2-locular; ovules 1--2 per locule or 1 in each of 3--10 compartments. Fruit a drupe or berry, ± fleshy, ovoid-spherical to nearly spherical, apex pointed, red or blue-purple when mature.

                About 30 species: SE Asia, Australia, Indian Ocean Islands, Pacific Islands; one species (not endemic) in China.

1. Myoporum bontioides (Siebold & Zuccarini) A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 6: 52. 1862.

苦槛蓝 ku jian lan

                Pentacoelium bontioides Siebold & Zuccarini, Abh. Math.-Phys. Cl. Königl. Bayer. Akad. Wiss. 4(3): 151. 1846; Myoporum chinense (A. de Candolle) A. Gray; Polycoelium bontioides (Siebold & Zuccarini) A. de Candolle; P. chinense A. de Candolle.

                Shrubs, 1--2 m tall, evergreen. Stems erect, branched; twigs pale brown, terete, 3--5 mm in diam. Leaves alternate, glabrous; petioles 1--2 cm; leaf blade narrowly elliptic, elliptic, or oblanceolate-elliptic, 5--10 X 1.5--3.5 cm, softly leathery, secondary veins 3--4 on each side of midvein, base attenuate, margin entire, apex acute to shortly acuminate and often mucronate. Cymes of 2--4 flowers, or flowers solitary, axillary. Pedicel 1--2 cm, apically thickened, glabrous. Calyx deeply 5-lobed; lobes ovate-elliptic to triangular-ovate, 4--5 mm, with some glands, glabrous, persistent, apex acute. Corolla white with purple spots, infundibular-campanulate, 5-lobed, outside glabrous; tube 1.2--1.5 cm, mouth 5--6 mm broad; lobes ovate to broadly ovate, 8 mm, inside basally sparsely pubescent, apex rounded. Stamens inserted in corolla tuble 1 mm from base, glabrous; filaments 1.5--1.8 cm; anthers ca. 2 mm. Gynoecium glabrous; ovary ovoid-spherical, ca. 2 mm, with 5--8 compartments, apically tapering; style filiform, 2.5 cm; stigma capitate. Berry purplish red, ovoid-spherical, 1--1.5 cm, ± fleshy when mature, 5--8-ribbed when dry, apically tapering, glabrous, with 5--8 seeds. Fl. Apr--Jun, fr. May--Jul.

                Sandy sites or stony thickets along coasts; near sea level. Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi (Fangcheng Xian, Hepu Xian), Hainan (Wanning Xian, Xisha Qundao), Taiwan, Zhejiang (Dongtou Xian) [Japan, Vietnam].