葫芦科 hu lu ke
Lu Anmin (路安民 Lu An-ming)[1], Huang Luqi (黄璐琪)[2], Chen Shukun (陈书坤)[3]; Charles Jeffrey[4]
Herbs or weakly woody shrubs with watery sap, scandent or prostrate, annual or perennial. Roots fibrous or tuberous. Stem often angular. Leaves alternate, undivided or variously palmately or pedately divided, often cordate; tendrils lateral, solitary, simple or branched, spirally twisted, rarely absent; stipules absent. Flowers unisexual, very rarely bisexual, monoecious or dioecious, paniculate, racemose or subumbellate, rarely solitary. Calyx-tube (hypanthium) adnate to the ovary; tube rotate, campanulate or saucer-shaped, usually 5-lobed, lobes imbricate, corolla usually sympetalous, inserted on the calyx-tube, lobes valvate or involute. Stamens inserted at the base or mouth of calyx-tube, usually 5 or 3, of which one often 1-locular and the other 2-locular; filaments separate or variously united into a column; anthers separate or coherent into a head, locules straight to conduplicate, extrorse; rudimentary ovary often present in the male, staminodes often in the female flowers. Ovary inferior or nearly completely so, mostly composed of 3 carpels, 3-locular, rarely 1-2 or spuriously 46-locular; placentas parietal, fleshy, often confluent in the middle of the ovary; style terminal, simple or branched at the apex or styles free; stigma enlarged or 2-fid; ovules usually numerous, rarely few or solitary, horizontal, pendulous or ascending, often immersed in pulp. Fruit usually a fleshy berry or corky, indehiscent or rarely opening by valves or by an operculum, rarely fibrous. Seeds often numerous, rarely few or solitary, horizontal, pendulous or ascending, often compressed, rarely winged; endosperm absent; embryo with foliaceous cotyledons and short radicle.
About 123 genera and over 800 species, most in tropics and subtropics, very rare in temperate regions. 36 genera, 150 species, 9 subspecies and 47 varieties in China, mainly in southwestern and southern China, very rare in northern China.
Lu An-ming & Chen Shu-kun, eds. 1986. Cucurbitaceae. Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 73(1): 84280.
1a. Petals not fimbriate.
2a. Stamens 5, anther-locule ovate and straight.
3a. Leaves simple.
4a. Flowers with corolla lobes less than 10 mm long; fruit dehiscent, operculate or 3-valved.
5a. Leaf blade divided; fruit 13.5 cm long, operculate; seed not winged or with membranous wing at the apex.
6a. Flowers monoecious; leaf blade cordate-hastate, eglandular at the base; fruit operculate, dehiscent near middle; seeds not winged ......................................................... 7. Actinostemma
6b. Flowers dioecious; leaf blade
with 12 pairs of glands at the base; fruit operculate, dehiscent near apex;
seeds with membranous wing at the apex
......................................................................................................... 6.
Bolbostemma
5b. Leaf blade entire; fruit 610 cm long, truncate at the apex, 3-valved; seeds surrounded by a membranous wing ....................................................................................... 5. Zanonia
4b. Flowers with corolla lobes ca. 2 cm long or if smaller then calyx longer than corolla; fruit baccate, indehiscent; seed not winged.
7a. Flowers with calyx longer than corolla; anthers reniform, fruit more than 10 cm long 8. Indofevillea
7b. Flowers with corolla longer than calyx; anthers oblong; fruit less than 10 cm long.
8a. Plants without glandular scales.
9a. Tendrils spiraling only above the point of branching; anther-locules straight 11. Thladiantha
9b. Tendrils spiraling also below the point of branching, anther-locules reniform-curved 10. Sinobaijiania
8b. Plants with black glandular scales ................................................................ 9. Siraitia
3b. Leaves palmately compound, rarely simple.
10a. Plants woody, scandent; leaflets almost entire, with 2 glands at the base; seeds with membranous wing at the apex ................................................................................................ 4. Neoalsomitra
10b. Plants herbaceous, scandent; leaflets distinctly denticulate, eglandular at the base; seeds without wing or rarely winged.
11a. Fruits 3-valved, dehiscent at the apex or rarely not dehiscent but then smaller in size; seeds pendulous.
12a. Corolla-lobes more than 5 mm long; fruits clavate-cylindric, obovate or globose; seeds more than 6 in each fruit ................................................................................................ 1. Hemsleya
12b. Corolla-lobes less than 3 mm long; fruits turbinate or globose, 13-seeded.
13a. Flowers monoecious; fruits
turbinate, 3-valved, dehiscent at the apex
....................................................................................................... 2.
Gomphogyne
13b. Flowers dioecious; fruits globose, indehiscent .................................. 3. Gynostemma
11b. Fruits indehiscent; seeds horizontal ...................................................... 11. Thladiantha
2b. Stamens 3 or 1, anther-locules horizontal when only one stamen, or rarely 5 but then anther-locules conduplicate.
14a. Stamens 3, or rarely 5 but then anther-locules conduplicate; leaves not pedately compound.
15a. Flowers less than 10 mm in diam.
16a. Flowers usually monoecious, rarely dioecious; fruits indehiscent; seeds often horizontal.
17a. Male flowers with globose or subuliform pistillode; anther-locules straight, curved or conduplicate.
18a. Anther-locules straight.
19a. Male flowers in pedunculate cymes, racemes or umbels, or solitary; ovary glabrous or with fine hairs.
20a. Filaments as long as or longer than the anthers, 1 mm or more long.
21a. Corolla yellow; filaments and staminodes glabrous except at very base; seeds scrobiculate 29. Scopellaria
21b. Corolla white or pale yellow; filaments and staminodes hairy above the base; seeds smooth 25. Zehneria
20b. Filaments shorter than the anthers, 0.51 mm long.
22a. Anther connective not produced beyond the thecae; stigmas glabrous, apically shortly 2-lobed; fruit black when ripe .................................................................... 24. Melothria
22b. Anther connective usually
shortly produced beyond the thecae; stigmas papillose, rounded; fruit white or
red when ripe
28.
Neoachmandra
19b. Male flowers in sessile or subsessile fascicles; ovary hispid ..................... 27. Mukia
18b. Anther-locules incurved or reflexed ......................................................... 34. Solena
17b. Male flowers without pistillode; anther-locules conduplicate, male and female flowers fasciculate in leaf axil .............................................................................................. 30. Diplocyclos
16b. Flowers dioecious or rarely bisexual; fruits 3-valved from the apex to base when mature; seeds 13, pendulous ........................................................................................... 14. Schizopepon
15b. Flowers more than 10 mm in diam.
23a. Anther-locules straight; calyx tube narrowly funnelform ............................... 17. Edgaria
23b. Anther-locules conduplicate.
24a. Tendrils absent .................................................................................... 13. Ecballium
24b. Tendrils present.
25a. Corolla rotate or rarely campanulate but then lobes almost free.
26a. Calyx rotate.
27a. Flowers with foliaceous bract on pedicel; fruits usually muriculate, often 3-valved when mature ................................................................................................... 12. Momordica
27b. Flowers without bract on pedicel.
28a. Male inflorescence racemose or subumbellate.
29a. Annual herbs; fruits many-seeded ..................................................... 18. Luffa
29b. Perennial climber; fruits one-seeded; seed large ........................... 23. Sechium
28b. Flowers solitary or fascicled.
30a. Sepals subfoliaceous, dentate, reflexed ..................................... 35. Benincasa
30b. Sepals subulate, entire, not reflexed.
31a. Tendril 23-fid; connective not produced ................................. 33. Citrullus
31b. Tendril simple; connective
produced beyond the anther locules
26.
Cucumis
26b. Calyx-tube in male flower elongate, tubular or funnelform.
32a. Flowers yellow; leaf blade eglandular at the base.
33a. Corolla campanulate; leaf blade over 10 cm long.
34a. Leaf blade deeply lobed; seeds many, horizontal ........................ 15. Biswarea
34b. Leaf blade undivided; seeds few, pendulous .................. 16. Herpetospermum
33b. Corolla rotate; lamina less than 10 cm long ......................... 19. Gymnopetalum
32b. Flowers white; petiole apex 2-glandular ........................................ 32. Lagenaria
25b. Corolla campanulate.
35a. Leaf blade hirsute, eglandular
at the base; flowers yellow; fruit large
36.
Cucurbita
35b. Leaf blade glabrous, with a few glands at the base; flowers white; fruit ca. 5 cm long 31. Coccinia
14b. Stamens united into a central column and pollen sac fusing into ring; leaf blade pedatipartite 22. Cyclanthera
1b. Petals fimbriate at their margins.
36a. Ovules and seeds numerous; calyx tube less than 7 cm long ...................... 21. Trichosanthes
36b. Ovules 12, seeds usually 6, each with one abortive seed attached to its side; calyx tube 710 cm long 20. Hodgsonia
雪胆属 xue dan shu
Lu Anmin (路安民 Lu An-ming); Charles Jeffrey
Perennial scandent herbs. Roots enlarged, oblate or rarely cylindric. Stem and branches slender or moderately robust. Tendrils filiform, 2-fid. Leaves pedately (3)59(11)-foliolate; leaflets narrowly oblong-lanceolate to obovate-lanceolate, membranous or papery. Flowers dioecious. Inflorescence cymose-racemose to paniculate, axillary. Male flowers: calyx-tube short, segments ovate to ovate-lanceolate, ascending, spreading, rotate, recurved or reflexed; corolla rotate, discoid, turbinate, bowl-shaped, inverted bowl-shaped, Chinese lantern-like, umbelliform, pale yellow, yellow-green or orange-red, segments herbaceous or subsucculent, ovate-lanceolate to broadly ovoid; stamens 5, filaments exserted. Female flowers: calyx and corolla usually as in the male, sometimes slightly larger; ovary subglobose or conical, smooth or muriculate, styles 3, stigmas 2-lobed. Fruit globose, cylindric or tubular-cylindric, longitudinally 910-striate or 910-angular, almost smooth or verrucose. Seeds elliptic or broadly ovate, usually with woody wings, sometimes wings membranous or absent.
About 24 species, subtropical or tropical in Asia, all in China, mainly in SW and S China.
1a. Roots without tuber; seeds with broadly membranous wing .......................... 1. H. graciliflora
1b. Roots with tuber; seeds without wing or with thin woody wing.
2a. Infructescence larger; fruit walls thin; corolla 57 cm in diam. ......................... 2. H. delavayi
2b. Infructescence with 13-fruits; fruit walls thick; seeds with or without wing; corolla-segments spreading or reflexed to involute; corolla 815 mm in diam.
3a. Corolla-segments spreading explanate or ascending, bowl-shaped or rotate.
4a. Seeds convexo-convex, almost without wing, margin slightly broad, 11.3(2) cm; fruit conical to terete-elliptic.
5a. Corolla 1013 cm, green or pale green, segments strap-shaped; fruit conical or terete-conical.
6a. Corolla segments ascending, flower-buds apex obtuse .................... 3. H. macrocarpa
6b. Corolla segments spreading or reflexed; flower-buds apex acute ............ 4. H. mitrata
5b. Corolla 1520 cm, yellow-green, segments broadly ovate .................... 5. H. panlongqi
4b. Seeds square, glandular or convexo-convex, margin narrower, less than 1 cm in diam.; fruits globose, long-elliptic or long-conical.
7a. Seeds square, with thin corky
wing; fruit long-elliptic to long-conical
6.
H. dipterygia
7b. Seeds convexo-convex [=??], without wing; fruit globose or conical.
8a. Seeds ovate-globose, corolla rotate.
9a. Fruit globose, pedicel with an articulation ........................................... 7. H. amabilis
9b. Fruit conical or cylindric, pedicel without an articulation.
10a. Fruit apex with distinct style;
corolla-segments lanceolate
8.
H. heterosperma
10b. Fruit apex without distinct
style; corolla-segments ovate-rounded
9.
H. lijiangensis
8b. Seeds convexo-convex [=??]; corolla bowl-shaped ................... 10. H. sphaerocarpa
3b. Corolla-segments reflexed or revolute, corolla umbelliform or sparsely globose.
11a. Seed margin smooth; corolla pale yellow or yellow-green.
12a. Fruit globose or subglobose,.
13a. Corolla umbelliform, 1012 cm in diam.; fruit-pedicel with an articulation 11. H. panacis-scandens
13b. Corolla Chinese lantern-like or bowl-shaped, ca. 3 mm in diam.
14a. Corolla Chinese lantern-like;
fruit smaller, 22.5 cm in diam.
...................................................................................................... 12.
H. omeiensis
14b. Corolla bowl-shaped; fruit larger, 33.5 cm in diam. ............... 13. H. pengxianensis
12b. Fruit conical, elliptic to claviform-elliptic.
15a. Fruit conical to elliptic, 3.55 cm long.
16a. Corolla Chinese lantern-like, segments thinner.
17a. Fruit conical, base cuneate;
corolla-segments 1417 mm long
14.
H. turbinata
17b. Fruit elliptic; base obtuse;
corolla-segments 1015 mm long
15.
H. ellipsoidea
16b. Corolla bowl-shaped; segments carnose, 89 mm long; fruit elliptic to ovoid 16. H. carnosiflora
15b. Fruit elliptic or claviform, over 7 cm.
18a. Fruit claviform-long-elliptic, distinctly longitudinally costate, 78 cm long, pedicel with indistinct articulation ................................................................................ 17. H. chengyihana
18b. Fruit broadly elliptic to long-elliptic, costae obscure, (6)1117 cm long, pedicel with distinct articulation ............................................................................... 18. H. zhejiangensis
11b. Seeds margin narrower, corolla red-brown or pale red-brown, base often dark red-brown.
19a. Leaflets 59.
20a. Corolla Chinese lantern-like.
21a. Fruit elliptic; corolla 1015 mm in diam. .......................................... 19. H. chinensis
21b. Fruit ovoid to rounded-globose; corolla 2025 mm in diam. ............ 20. H. gigantha
20b. Corolla bowl-shaped (H. dulongjiangensis corolla unknown).
22a. Fruit elliptic, 58 cm; seed margin erose ....................................... 21. H. longicarpa
22b. Fruit ovoid to globose, 34 cm.
23a. Seed margin smooth; fruiting pedicel with an articulation; leaflets 57, elliptic-lanceolate 22. H. macrosperma
23b. Seeds margin erose; fruiting pedicel without an articulation; leaflets 35, rhombic 23. H. dulongjiangensis
19b. Leaflets 911, corolla bowl-shaped, 810 mm in diam. ................. 24. H. endecaphylla
马铜铃 ma tun ling
Alsomitra graciliflora Harms, Engl., Bot. Jahrb. 29: 602. 1901; Hemsleya longgangensis X. X. Chen & D. R. Liang.
Perennial plants. Root fibrous, tuber absent. Leaves pedately 7-foliolate, petiole 1.83 cm; leaflets oblong-lanceolate to obovate-lanceolate, 510 Χ 23.5 cm; petiolule 47 mm. Inflorescence largely cymose; peduncle 520 cm, densely pubescent. Male flowers: pedicel filiform, 12 mm; calyx-segments triangular, 2 Χ 1 mm, spreading; corolla rotate, yellowish to pale yellow-green, 56 mm, spreading, segments obovate, thinly membranous, 34 Χ 2 mm; stamens 5, filaments short, ca. 1 mm. Female flowers: calyx and corolla as in the male; ovary narrowly cylindric, base attenuate. Fruit conical, 2.53.5 cm long, 11.5 cm in diam., fruit-pedicel curved, 56 mm. Seeds oblong, 1214 Χ 56 mm, compressed, with membranous wing, wing 34 mm long at both ends of seed, seed-body obovate. Fl. JunSep, fr. AugNov. 2n = 28.
* Mountain slopes; 5002400 m. Guangdong, Guangxi, Hubei, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Zhejiang.
Fruits used as a medicine.
短柄雪胆 duan bing xue dan
Gomphogyne delavayi Gagnepain, Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris 24: 373. 1918; Hemsleya brevipetiolata Handel-Mazzetti.
Tuber oblate to conical. Stem and branchlets slender. Tendrils glabrous, 2-fid. Leaves pedately 57-foliolate, petiole 25 mm; leaflets lanceolate to elliptic-lanceolate, median 310 Χ 815 mm, petiolule 23 mm long. Flowers dioecious. Inflorescence dichotomous, to 30 cm long; pedicels filiform, 25 mm long. Male flowers: calyx-segments ovate-lanceolate, 24 mm, apex acute, glabrous; corolla bowl-shaped, orange-yellow to pale yellow, 57 mm in diam., segments ovate, revolute, 56 mm long; stamens 5, filaments short, 0.51 mm. Female flowers: slightly larger than the male; ovary cylindric to conical, 45 mm long, 22.5 mm in diam. Fruits conical to cylindric, base attenuate, slightly curved, 2.43.5 cm long, 810 mm in diam.; fruit-pedicel 47 mm long. Seeds dark brown, long-elliptic, 1012 Χ 46 mm, compressed, with corky wing; wing 34 mm long at apex, 1 mm wide on both sides; seed-body shortly elliptic to ovate. Fl. JulSep, fl. AugOct.
* Forest and valley; 18002000 m. SW Sichuan, C and W Yunnan.
1a. Leaves subglabrous; corolla-segments in the male acute at apex .......................... 2a. var. delavayi
1b. Leaves densely pubescent; corolla-segments in the male rounded-obtuse at apex 2b. var. yalungensis
短柄雪胆 duan bing xue dan
Gomphogyne delavayi Gagnepain, Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. Par. 24: 373. 1918. H. brevipetiolata Handel-Mazzetti.
Leaves subglabrous; corolla-segments in the male acute at the apex.
* Forest and valley; 18002000 m. SW Sichuan, C and W Yunnan.
雅砻雪胆 ya long xue dan
Hemsleya brevipetiolata Handel-Mazzetti var. yalungensis Handel-Mazzetti, Symb. Sin. 7: 1059. 1936.
Leaves densely pubescent; corolla-segments in the male rounded-obtuse at the apex.
* Mountain slopes; 16002200 m. SW Sichuan.
圆锥果雪胆 yung zhui guo xue dan
Gomphogyne macrocarpa Cogniaux, Engl., Pflanzenr. 66(IV. 275, 1): 40. 1916; Hemsleya obconica C. Y. Wu & C. L. Chen; H. changningensis C. Y. Wu & C. L. Chen.
Tuber oblate or ovoid. Stem sometimes slightly thickened at the nodes. Leaves pedately 79-foliolate, petiole sparsely puberulent or subglabrous, 37 cm long; leaflets obovate-lanceolate to elliptic-lanceolate, median 610 Χ 2.54 cm, petiolule 26 mm. Inflorescence dichotomously cymose, 412 cm long, peduncle and branches slightly reflexed. Male flowers: bud obtuse at the apex, calyx-segments ovate-lanceolate, 45 Χ 23 mm, spreading; corolla rotate, green to pale yellow-green, 715 mm in diam., segments fleshy, strap-shaped, 67 Χ 23, base with a pair of glands; stamens 5, filaments less than 1 mm. Female flowers: calyx and corolla as in the male; ovary conical, 57 mm long, 34 mm in diam. Fruits campanulate to conical, (3)47 cm long, 34 cm in diam., with distinct ribs, fruit-pedicel 810 mm long. Seeds dark brown, irregularly orbicular, 1215 Χ 812 mm, 34 mm thick, with very narrow wing. Fl. JulSep, fr. SepNov. 2n = 28.
Evergreen forest; 10002200 m. SW Yunnan [NE India].
1a. Fruit 4.5(36) cm long, 1.6(1.31.85) times as long as broad ....................... 3a. var. macrocarpa
1b. Fruit 6.2(46.5) cm long, 2.5(1.53) times as long as broad.
2a. Corolla 79 mm in diam. ............................................................................... 3b. var. clavata
2b. Corolla 1215 mm in diam. ..................................................................... 3c. var. grandiflora
圆锥果雪胆 yuan zhui guo xue dan
Hemsleya obconica C. Y. Wu & C. L. Chen; H. changningensis C. Y. Wu & C. L. Chen.
Fruit 4.5(36) cm long, 1.6(1.31.85) times as long as broad.
Evergreen forest; 10002200 m. SW Yunnan [NE India].
棒果雪胆 bang gua xue dan
Hemsleya clavata C. Y. Wu & C. L. Chen, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 23(2): 124. 1985.
Fruit 6.2(46.5) cm long, 2.5(1.53) times as long as broad; corolla 79 mm in diam.
* Broad-leaved forest; 14001500 m. SW Yunnan.
大花雪胆 da hua xue dan
Fruit 6.2(46.5) cm long, 2.5(1.53) times as long as broad; corolla 1215 mm in diam.
* Thickets on mountain slopes; 2300 m; NW Yunnan.
帽果雪胆 mao gua xue dan
Tuber enlarged. Stem and branchlets stout, sparsely puberulent, ultimately glabrous; stem-nodes thickened, densely pubescent. Leaves pedately 57-foliolate; petioles 58 cm long; leaflets lanceolate to elliptic-lanceolate, margin serrate, median 511 Χ 2.54 cm, petiolule 25 mm. Flowers dioecious. Inflorescence-peduncle slightly reflexed, 511 cm long. Male flowers: buds apex acute, calyx-segments lanceolate, 6 mm Χ 3 mm; corolla fleshy, rotate, pale yellow-green, 1011 mm, segments more or less strap-shaped, base with 2 distinct glands. Female unknown. Fruit cap-like, 45 cm long, 33.6 cm in diam. Seeds dark brown, broad-ovate, 1213 Χ 910 mm, 33.5 mm thick, almost unwinged. Fl. JulOct, fr. SepDec.
* Thickets on mountain slopes; 24002700 m. SW Yunnan.
盘龙七 pang long qi
Tuber oblate-spheroid. branches slender, sulcate-angular, densely pubescent at the nodes. Tendrils 2-fid. Leaves pedately 7-foliolate, petiole 24 cm; leaflets elliptic-lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate, median 812 Χ 23.5 cm, lateral smaller, base cuneate, apex acuminate, margin serrate, petiolule 36 mm long, densely pubescent. Inflorescence-peduncle filiform; pedicel linear, 1215 mm long. Male flower unknown. Female flowers: bracts very small, subuliform; calyx-segments 5, ovate-lanceolate, apex acuminate, 10 Χ 3 mm; corolla rotate, 1520 cm in diam., pale yellow to yellow-green; segments spreading, broadly ovate, 12 Χ 8 mm; ovary ovate-rounded to long-ovate, 811 mm long, 46 mm in diam. Fl. Sep.
* Broad-leaved forest; 1800 m. S Sichuan.
翼蛇莲 yi she lian
Hemsleya cissiformis C. Y. Wu, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 23(2): 125. 1985.
Tuber enlarged. Stem usually thickened at the nodes, densely pubescent, ultimately glabrous. Tendrils glabrous. Leaves pedately 57-foliolate, petiole 26 cm; leaflets broadly lanceolate to rhomboid, margin serrate or crenate, median 711 Χ 2.5 cm, lateral smaller, petiolule 24 mm. Inflorescence-peduncle and branches filiform. Male flowers: pedicel 510 mm long; calyx-segments ovate, 7 mm long; corolla rotate to bowl-shaped, pale yellow to pale yellow-green, 1213 mm in diam.; corolla-segments broadly obovate, apex obtuse, 8 Χ 7.5 mm, spreading; stamens 5, filaments less than 1 mm. Female flower unknown. Fruit oblong-claviform or claviform, 45.5 cm long, 0.61.7 cm in diam., densely pubescent when immature, glabrous when mature, with indistinct ribs. Seeds oblong, dark brown, 14 Χ 15 mm, 34 mm thick; seed ovate. Fl. JunOct; fr. AugNov.
Broad-leaved forest, 1501500 m. N Guangxi, S Guizhou, C to S Yunnan [N Vietnam].
曲莲 qu lian
Tuber oblate-spheroid. Stem and branchlets very slender. Tendrils 812 cm. Leaves pedately 59-foliolate, petiole 24 cm; leaflets lanceolate to narrowly lanceolate, median 45 Χ 11.5 cm. Male flowers dichotomously cymose, peduncle slightly flexuous, 515 cm long; calyx-segments 5, ovate-triangular, 45 Χ 2 mm; corolla rotate, pale yellow to pale yellow-green, 1012 mm in diam., segments broadly obovate, spreading, 56 Χ 45 mm; stamens 5, filaments 2 mm long, exserted. Female flowers in simple dichotomously cymose inflorescence, larger than the male, 1112(15) cm in diam.; ovary subglobose, 45 mm. Fruits spheroid, 1220 mm long; fruit-pedicel filiform, 23 mm long. Seeds dark brown, broadly ovate-globose, 68 Χ 57 mm, 34 thick, unwinged. Fl. JunOct, fr. AugNov. 2n = 28.
* Forests; 18003000 m. SW Sichuan, C and W Yunnan.
异子雪胆 y z xue dan
Zanonia heterosperma Wallich, Pl. As. Rar. 2: 29. 1831; Gomphogyne heterosperma (Wallich) Kurtz; Alsomitra heterosperma Roemer.
Tuber unknown. Stem slender, glabrous. Leaves pedately 35-foliolate; petiole 34 cm long, glabrous; leaflets ovate-lanceolate, base attenuate, apex short-acuminate, median 57 Χ 1.5 cm; petiolule 36 mm. Flowers dioecious. Inflorescence complex or simple, peduncle slender, slightly flexuous, glabrous, 515 cm long. Male flowers: calyx segments subulate, apex apiculate, 1 mm long; corolla rotate, 34 cm in diam., pale yellow to pale yellow-green; segments ovate-lanceolate, apex acuminate, glabrous, 3 Χ 1 mm; stamens 5, filaments free, 1 mm long. Female flowers similar to male, peduncle 511 cm; ovary conical. Fruit narrowly campanulate or claviform, pale yellow-green, glabrous, with distinct ribs, 1235 mm long, 612 mm wide, dehiscent at apex, 3-seeded in each locule. Seeds small, irregularly ovate, 3 Χ 2 mm, 1 mm thick. Fl. SepOct, fl. OctNov. 2n = 28.
Rainforest or evergreen broad-leaved forest; 1502300 m. Yunnan [Myanmar, Nepal, Thailand].
丽江雪胆 li jiang xue dan
Tuber enlarged. Stem and branchlets filiform, sparsely pubescent, ultimately subglabrous. Tendrils, apex 2-fid. Leaves pedately 57-foliolate, petiole 24 cm; leaflets oblong-lanceolate to narrowly lanceolate, median 612 Χ 22.2 cm, petiolule 24 mm. Male flowers: inflorescence peduncle and branchlets flexuous, densely pubescent, 45 cm; pedicel filiform; calyx-segments 5, ovate-triangular, apex acuminate, 4 Χ 2 mm, spreading; corolla rotate, pale yellow, 810 mm, segments spreading, obovate, 5 Χ 4 mm; stamens 5, filaments 2 mm. Female flowers solitary or few dichotomously cymose in the leaf axils; pedicel 530 mm; ovary long-campanulate or conical, 3 mm long, 2 mm in diam., densely white-punctate. Fruits campanulate to conical, 2.24 cm long, 1318 mm in diam. Seeds dark brown, irregularly rounded, compressed, 46 Χ 45 mm, 23 mm thick. Fl. JulSep, fr. AugOct.
* Forests; 20003000 m. NW Yunnan.
蛇莲 she lian
Tuber oblate-spheroid. Stem and branchlets slender, nodes densely pubescent. Tendrils 824 cm. Leaves pedately 59-foliolate, petiole 1.64 cm; leaflets oblong-lanceolate to broadly lanceolate, median 716 Χ 2.54 cm. Male flowers in a large dichotomous cyme, 525(45) cm long (varying in different subspecies); calyx segments ovate-triangular, ca. 4 Χ 3 mm; corolla bowl-shaped, pale yellow-green, 715 mm in diam., segments broadly ovate, apex acuminate. Female flowers usually in a short inflorescence; ovary spheroid to ovoid, 35 mm. Fruits spheroid to ovoid, 23 cm in diam., fruit-pedicel 45 mm, with distinct articulation. Seeds lenticular, 89 mm in diam., unwinged. Fl. MaySep, fr. JulNov. 2n = 28.
* Broad-leaved forest; 4001600 m. SE and S Guizhou; E and NE Guangxi; S Hunan; S, C, SW and SE Yunnan.
1a. Male inflorescence 20(1444) cm long ................................................... 10b. subsp. megathyrsa
1b. Male inflorescence 9(515) cm long.
2a. Corolla 8(79) mm in diam.; fruit-pedicel 12 mm long .................. 10c. subsp. wenshanensis
2b. Corolla 12(915) mm in diam.; fruit-pedicel 89 mm long .............. 10a. subsp. sphaerocarpa
蛇莲 she lian
Inflorescence 9(515) cm long; corolla 12(915) cm in diam.; fruit-pedicel 89 mm long.
* Broad-leaved forests; 4001600 m. SE and S Guizhou; E and NE Guangxi; S Hunan; SW and SE Yunnan.
大序雪胆 da xu xue dan
Hemsleya megathyrsa C. Y. Wu, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 23(2): 131. Pl. 34: 13. 1985.
Male inflorescence 20(1444) cm long; corolla 812 mm in diam.
* Evergreen broad-forests; 22002400 m. SW Yunnan.
文山雪胆 wen shan xue dan
Hemsleya wenshanensis Lu ex C. W. Wu & C. L. Chen, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 23(2): 130. 1985.
Inflorescence 9(515) cm long; corolla 12(915); fruit-pedicel 89 mm long.
* Evergreen forests; 18002300 m. S and C (Jingdong) and SE (Wenshan) Yunnan.
藤三七雪胆 teng san qi xue dan
Tuber oblate-spheroid. Stem and branchlets robust, stem-nodes stout, sparsely pubescent. Tendrils 815 cm. Leaves pedately 79-foliolate, petiole 58 cm, leaflets obovate-lanceolate, petiolule 48 mm, median 610 Χ 23 cm. Male flowers dichotomously cymose or paniculate, peduncle usually filiform, 37 cm; calyx-segments ovate-lanceolate, 9 Χ 4 mm, apex reflexed; corolla umbelliform, pale yellow to yellow-green, 1012 mm in diam., segments fleshy, obovate to ovate-oblong, apex obtuse, base thickened; stamens 5, filaments 1 mm. Female flowers: corolla 1215 mm in diam., ovary subglobose, 58 mm long, 47 mm in diam. Fruit globose, 2545 mm in diam., fruit-pedicel 48 mm long, with articulation. Seeds dark brown, ovate-spheroid, 15 mm long, 1213 mm broad, almost unwinged, margin 3 mm wide. Fl. AugOct, fr. OctDec. 2n = 42.
* Evergreen broad-leaved forests; 17002400 m. SE Yunnan.
1a. Corolla pale yellow, segments
involute (not reflexed), margin sinuate
.......................................................................................................... 11a.
var. panacis-scandens
1b. Corolla deep yellow, umbelliform, margin entire ....................................... 11b. var. pingbianensis
藤三七雪胆 teng san qi xue dan
Corolla spheroid, 1012 mm in diam., pale yellow, segments margin sinuate; fruit smooth, 10-angular.
* Evergreen broad-leaved forests; 17002400 m. SE Yunnan.
屏边藤三七雪胆 peng bian tena san qi xue dan
Corolla deep yellow, umbelliform, ca. 15 mm in diam., segments entire; ovary and fruit densely white-verrucose.
* Broad-leaved forest; 1700 m. SE Yunnan (Pingbian).
峨眉雪胆 e mei xue dan
Hemsleya emeiensis L. D. Shen & W. J. Chang.
Tuber enlarged, pale brown-yellow. Branchlets slender, sparsely pubescent when young. Leaves pedately 79-foliolate, petiole 46 cm long; leaflets oblong-lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate; median 914 Χ 24.5 cm. Male flowers dichotomously cymose, peduncle 38 cm long; calyx-segments 5, lanceolate, 4 Χ 2 mm apex reflexed; corolla Chinese lantern-like, yellow-green, 8 mm in diam.; corolla segments 5, obovate-lanceolate, 8 Χ 5 mm; stamens 5, filaments 1 mm long. Female inflorescence simple; ovary subglobose, 36 mm. Fruit globose, 2025 mm in diam. Seeds ovoid, 10 Χ 8 mm, 3 mm thick, unwinged. Fl. JulSep, fr. SepNov. 2n = 28.
* Broad-leaved forest;1800-2000 m. Sichuan (Emei Shan).
彭县雪胆 peng xian xue dan
Tuber oblate-spheroid. Stem and branchlets slender. Leaves pedately 57-foliolate, petiole 4.57 cm, glabrous or pubescent, leaflets obovate-lanceolate to narrowly lanceolate; median 817 Χ 24 cm; petiolule 35 mm. Male flowers dichotomously cymose, peduncle 410 cm, slightly flexuous; calyx-segments lanceolate, 4 Χ 23 mm; corolla bowl-shaped or Chinese lantern-like, yellow-green, 612 mm in diam.; corolla segments ovoid, 6 Χ 4 mm, apex reflexed. Female inflorescence reduced; ovary ovoid or subglobose, 3 mm in diam. Fruit ovoid or elliptic, 34 cm long, 33.5 cm in diam. Seeds almost circular, compressed, 1013 cm long and broad, almost unwinged, margin 23 mm wide. Fl. JunSep, fr. AugNov.
* Broad-leaved forest; 7502100 m. C Sichuan.
1a. Fruit ovate to ovoid, corolla bowl-shaped, 8 mm.
2a. Ovary ovate; petiole, rachis and corolla pubescent ................................ 13b. var. junlianensis
2b. Ovary subglobose; petiole and corolla glabrous ................................. 13a. var. pengxianensis
1b. Fruit elliptic; corolla Chinese lantern-like, 1012 mm ...................................... 13c. var. gulinensis
彭县雪胆 peng xian xue dan
Hemsleya multifructus L. T. Shen & W. J. Chang, Acta Acad. Med. Sichuan 11(2): 104.1980; H. pengxianensis W. J. Chang var. polycarpa L. T. Shen & W. J. Chang; H. jinfushanensis L. T. Shen & W. J. Chang; H. pengxianensis var. jinfushanensis L. T. Shen & W. J. Chang.
Petiole glabrous; corolla glabrous, pubescent, 8 mm in diam.
* Broad-leaved forest; 7502100 m. C Sichuan.
筠连雪胆 jun lian xue dan
Hemsleya. junlianensis L. T. Shen & W. J. Chang, Acta Acad. Med. Sichuan 11(2): 102. 1980 [yunlianensis].
Petiole, peduncle and corolla pubescent, corolla bowl-shaped, 8 mm in diam.; ovary ovate; fruit ovate to ovoid.
* Forest sides; 1500 m. SW Sichuan.
古蔺雪胆 gu lin xue dan
Hemsleya gulinensis L. T. Shen & W. J. Chang, Acta Acad. Med. Sichuan 11(2): 103. f. 12a12b. 1980.
Corolla Chinese lantern-like, 1012 mm in diam.; fruit elliptic.
* Broad-leaved forest. Sichuan.
陀罗果雪胆 tuo luo gu xue dan
Tuber oblate-spheroid. Stem and branchlets robust. Tendrils 1220 cm. Leaves 57-foliolate, petiole 35 cm; leaflets obovate-lanceolate to elliptic-lanceolate, petiolule 25 mm, margin dentate, median leaflet 612 cm long. Male flowers unknown. Female flowers 2more in a dichotomous cyme, peduncle 310 cm; calyx-segments lanceolate, 1113 Χ 4 mm, apex reflexed; corolla Chinese lantern-like, pale yellow-green, 1012 cm, corolla-segments oblong-lanceolate, 1417 Χ 68 mm, base with 2 glands, apex acute, revolute; ovary conical, 9 mm long, 34 mm diam. Fruit conical, 3.55 cm long, 22.5 cm in diam., base attenuate, fruit-pedicel only 3 mm long. Seeds dark brown, broadly ovate, compressed, 911 Χ 810 mm, 23 mm thick, unwinged, margin ca. 2 mm wide. Fl. JulSep, fr. SepNov.
* Evergreen broad-leaved forest; 16002350 m. SW Yunnan.
椭圆果雪胆 tuo yuan guo xue dan
Tuber enlarged. Stem and branchlets slender, sulcate. Leaves pedately 35-foliolate, petiole 25 cm; leaflets ovate-lanceolate, petiolule 35 cm; median leaflet 915 Χ 45 cm. Male flowers sparsely dichotomously cymose, peduncle 1012 cm; calyx-segments lanceolate, 10 Χ 3 mm, apex reflexed; corolla lantern-shaped, pale yellow-green, 911 cm, segments broadly ovate-lanceolate, 1015 Χ 610 mm, apex reflexed; filaments 1 mm long. Female flowers: corolla larger than the male, 1215 mm in diam.; ovary ovoid, 10 mm long, 5 mm in diam. Fruit elliptic, base obtuse-rounded, 3.54 cm long, 2.5 cm in diam.; fruit wall leathery. Seeds almost round, compressed, 15 mm in diam. 3 mm thick, unwinged, margin 34 mm wide. Fl. JulSep, fr. SepNov.
* Broad-leaved forests; ca. 2000 m. Sichuan (Emei).
肉花雪胆 ruo hua xei dan
Tuber oblate-spheroid. Stem and branchlets rather robust, thickened at the nodes, densely pubescent. Tendrils 716 cm long. Leaves pedately 79-foliolate, petiole 58 cm long; leaflets obovate-lanceolate, petiolule 48 mm, margin dentate; median 812 Χ 34 cm. Male flowers dichotomously cymose or paniculate; peduncle indistinctly flexuous, 37 cm long; calyx-segments ovate-lanceolate, 7 Χ 4 mm, apex reflexed; corolla bowl-shaped, pale yellow-green, 810 mm. Female inflorescence simple, peduncle 2.55 cm; corolla larger than the male, 1112 cm in diam.; ovary elliptic, 10 cm long 67 mm in diam. Fruit elliptic to ovoid, 45 cm long, 2.53 cm in diam.; fruit-pedicel 912 cm. Seeds obovate-elliptic to almost circular, compressed, 1316 Χ 1214 mm, 34 mm thick, almost unwinged, margin 4 mm wide. Fl. JunOct, fr. AugNov. 2n = 42.
* Forests; 18001900 m. SE Yunnan.
征镒雪胆 zheng yi xue dan
Hemsleya macrocarpa C. Y. Wu, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 23(2): 134. 1985, nom. illeg., non (Cogniaux) C. Y. Wu ex C. Jeffrey, Kew Bull. 36(4): 739. 1982.
Tuber oblate-ovoid. Stem and branchlets slightly stout, distinctly sulcate. Tendrils 1225 cm long. Leaves pedately 57-foliolate, petiole 36 cm; leaflets lanceolate to obovate-lanceolate, margin crenate, petiolule 510 mm long; median leaflet 14 Χ 1.54 cm. Male inflorescence dichotomously cymose; peduncle flexuous, 512 cm long, densely pubescent; calyx-segments ovate-triangular, 5 Χ 3 mm, apex flexuous; corolla bowl-like, pale yellow-green, 10 mm in diam., segments oblong, 78 Χ 34 mm; filaments 1 mm long. Female flowers unknown. Fruit clavate or clavate-elliptic, 78 cm long, 22.5 cm in diam., distinctly costate; fruit-pedicel 1015 mm. Seeds elliptic, dark brown, 12 mm long, 7 mm wide, almost unwinged, margin 13 mm wide. Fl. JulOct, fr. SepNov.
* Broad-leaved forest or forest sides. SW Yunnan.
浙江雪胆 zhe jiang xue dan
Tuber enlarged. Stem and branchlets slender, sulcate, nodes densely pubescent. Leaves pedately 59-foliolate, petiole 2.55 cm; leaflets elliptic-lanceolate, margin sparsely dentate; median 611 Χ 23.5 cm. Male inflorescence dichotomously cymose, peduncle flexuous, 1317 cm; calyx-segments ovate-lanceolate, 45 Χ 34 mm, apex reflexed; corolla bowl-like, pale yellow-green, 810 mm; corolla-segments obovate, fleshy, 78 Χ 45 mm, apex reflexed; filaments ca. 1 mm. Female flower unknown. Fruit broadly elliptic to long-elliptic, (6)1117 cm long, 23 cm in diam., indistinctly costate; fruit-pedicel with distinct articulation, 12 cm long. Seeds dark brown, oblong, almost unwinged, margin 24 mm. Fl. 69, fr. AugNov.
* Broad-leaved forest or bamboo forest; 8001000 m. Anhui, Jiangxi, Zhejiang.
雪胆 xue dan
Hemsleya szechuanensis Kuang & Lu, Ic. Corm. Sin. 4: 345. t. 6103. 1975. nom. seminud. quoad fr. & sem.; H. xueden L. T. Shen & W. J. Chang, Acta Acad. Med. Sichuan 11(1): 17. f. 4ad. 1980.
Tuber ovoid or oblate. Stem and branchlets slender. Tendrils 814 cm. Leaves pedately 59-foliolate, petiole 48 cm long; leaflets ovate-lanceolate, oblong-lanceolate or broadly lanceolate, margin crenate, petiolule 510 mm; median leaflet 512 Χ 22.5 cm. Male inflorescence dichotomously cymose or paniculate; peduncle filiform, flexuous, 512 cm; calyx-segments ovate; 7 Χ 45 mm, apex acute, reflexed; corolla Chinese lantern-shaped or sparsely rounded-globose, orange-red, 815 cm in diam., segments oblong, 1013 Χ 89 mm, subglabrous; filaments 1 mm long. Female inflorescence simple, peduncle 24 cm long; female flowers: calyx and corolla as in the male, corolla 15 mm in diam.; ovary cylindric, 510 mm long, 23 mm in diam. Fruit elliptic, 37 cm long, 2 cm in diam., base attenuate; fruit-pedicel slightly curved, with or without articulation, 810 mm long. Seeds brown, suborbicular, 1012 Χ 10 mm, 3 mm thick, unwinged, margin 1 mm wide. Fl. JulSep, fr. SepNov. 2n = 28.
* Evergreen broad-leaved forest or forest sides; 4002800 m. Guizhou, Hubei, Sichuan, Yunnan.
1a. Fruit without spiculiform hairs along longitudinal ribs; branchlets and petiole without spiculiform hairs.
2a. Corolla usually glabrous, 1215 mm
in diam.; fruit elliptic, 37 cm long
................................................................................................................. 19a.
var. chinensis
2b. Corolla densely white-pubescent, 812 cm in diam.
3a. Corolla 1012 mm; fruit obovate,
pedicel with a distinct articulation
..................................................................................................... 19b.
var. ningnanensis
3b. Corolla 8 mm in diam.; fruit ovoid, pedicel without articulation ......... 19c. var. longivillosa
1b. Fruit with white spiculiform hairs along longitudinal ribs; branchlets and petiole with dense spiculiform hairs ..................................................................................................................... 19d. var. polytricha
雪胆 xue dan
Hemsleya szechuanensis Kuang & Lu, Ic. Corm. Sin. 4: 345. t. 6103. 1975. nom. seminud. quoad fr. & sem.; H. xuedan L. T. Shen & W. J. Chang, Acta Acad. Med. Sichuan 11(1): 17. f. 4ad. 1980.
Branchlets, petiole and fruit without spiculiform hairs; corolla usually glabrous, 1215 mm in diam.; fruit elliptic, 37 cm long.
* Evergreen broad-leaved forests or forest sides; 4002800 m. Guizhou, Hubei, Sichuan, Yunnan.
宁南雪胆 ning nan xue dan
Hemsleya ningnanensis L. T. Shan & W. J. Chang, Acta Acad. Med. Sichuan 11(1): 19. f. 6ac. 1980; H. villosipetala C. Y. Wu & C. L. Chen, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 23(2): 138. 1985.
Branchlets, petiole and fruit without spiculiform hairs; corolla usually with dense white hairs, 1012 mm in diam.; fruit obovate, pedicel with articulation.
* Evergreen broad-leaved forest. SW Sichuan. NE Yunnan.
长毛雪胆 chang mao xue dan
Hemsleya longivillosa C. Y. Wu & C. L. Chen, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 23(2): 140. pl. 4: 46. 1985.
Branchlets, petiole and fruit without spiculiform hairs; corolla usually with dense white hairs, 8 mm in diam.; fruit ovoid, pedicel without articulation.
* Evergreen broad-leaved forest; 19002100 m. Yunnan (Fuyuan).
毛雪胆 mao xue dan
Branchlets and petiole with dense spiculiform hairs; fruit with dense spiculiform hairs along longitudinal ribs.
* Broad-leaved forest; 13001500 m. W Hubei.
巨花雪胆 ju hua xue dan
Tuber yellow-brown. Leaves pedately 79-foliolate; petiole 59 cm; leaflets broadly elliptic-lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, base cuneate, margin crenate; median 712 Χ 35 cm. Male inflorescence dichotomously cymose, rachis 711 cm long; calyx-segments lanceolate, 15 Χ 7 mm, apex reflexed; corolla Chinese lantern-like, orange-red, 1.52(2.5)cm in diam., segments broadly ovoid, 2025 Χ 1518 mm, apex obtuse-rounded and apiculate, revolute; filaments 1 mm. Female inflorescence simple; ovary elliptic, 1015 mm long, 610 cm in diam. Fruit subspheroid to ovoid, 23.5 cm in diam., fruit wall leathery. Seeds broadly ovoid, dark brown, 1012 Χ 810 mm, 23 mm thick, almost unwinged; margin narrow, 2 mm wide, slightly erose. Fl. JunSep, fr. AugNov.
* Broad-leaved or pine forest and forest sides. SW Sichuan.
长果雪胆 chang guo xue dan
Tuber enlarged, yellow-brown. Stem and branchlets slender. Leaves pedately 57-foliolate, petiole 3.56.5 cm long; leaflets obovate-lanceolate or elliptic-lanceolate, margin crenate; median 715 Χ 47 cm. Male inflorescence dichotomously cymose, rachis 38 cm; calyx-segments lanceolate, 68 Χ 46 mm, apex apiculate, flexuous; filaments 1 mm long. Female inflorescence simple; ovary cylindric, 6 mm long, 3 mm in diam. Fruit elliptic, 58 cm long, 23.5 cm in diam. Seeds broadly ovate to suborbicular, compressed 1314 Χ 11 mm, 23 mm thick, unwinged; margin 1 mm wide, erose. Fl. JunSep, fr. AugNov.
* Broad-leaved forest; 14001800 m. C and SW Sichuan.
罗锅底 luo guo di
Tuber enlarged, oblate. Stem and branchlets slender. Tendrils 610 cm long. Leaves pedately 57-foliolate, petiole 45 cm; leaflets oblong-lanceolate to obovate-lanceolate, margin crenate; petiolule 24 mm, median 49 Χ 1.53 cm. Male inflorescence dichotomously cymose, peduncle 28 cm long; calyx-segments ovate, 45 Χ 3 mm, apex acute, reflexed; corolla bowl-like, orange-red, 810 mm in diam.; corolla-segments oblong, 8 Χ 4 mm, sparsely white-villous; filaments 2 mm long; Female peduncle 15 cm long; ovary elliptic or subglobose, 57 mm long, 45 mm in diam. Fruit ovoid, 3.55 cm in diam. Seeds ovoid, dark brown, 911 Χ 89 mm, unwinged; margin smooth, 1 mm wide. Fl. JulSep, fr. SepNov.
* Evergreen broad-leaved or pine forest; 18003200 m. SW Sichuan, C and NE Yunnan.
1a. Fruit ovoid, 3.54 cm long ...................................................................... 22a. var. macrosperma
1b. Fruit elliptic, to 5 cm long ......................................................................... 22b. var. oblongicarpa
罗锅底 luo guo di
Fruit ovoid, 3.54 cm long.
* Evergreen broad-leaved or pine forests; 18003200 m. SW Sichuan, C and NE Yunnan.
长果罗锅底 chang guo luo guo di
Fruit elliptic, to 5 cm long.
* Evergreen broad-leaved forests; 19002000 m. SW Sichuan, NE Yunnan.
独龙江雪胆 du long jiang xue dan
Tuber enlarged. Stem and branchlets slender, longitudinally sulcate, densely pubescent. Tendrils 69 cm, densely pubescent. Leaves pedately 37-foliolate, petiole 23 cm long; leaflets broadly ovate-lanceolate to rhombic, margin sparsely serrate; median 36 Χ 33.5 cm. Flowers unknown. Fruit ovoid, 3.54.5 cm long, 33.5 in diam.; fruit-pedicel curved, 58 cm. Seeds (inmature) broadly ovoid, yellow-brown, 13 mm in diam., unwinged; margin 12 mm wide, erose. Fr. Sep.
* Open forest in valleys; 14002700. NW Yunnan.
十一叶雪胆 shi yi ye xue dan
Tuber enlarged. Stem slightly robust. Tendrils 812 cm long. Leaves pedately 911-foliolate; petiole stout, 57 cm; leaflets obovate-lanceolate, margin irregularly crenate, petiolule 35 mm; median 57 Χ 22.5 cm. Male inflorescence paniculate; rachis indistinctly reflexed, 58 cm long; calyx-segments pale yellow-green, ovate-triangular, 5 Χ 4 mm, apex reflexed; corolla bowl-like, orange-yellow, 810 mm in diam., segments oblong, with dense squamose hairs, apex reflexed; filaments very short, 0.5 mm long. Female flower and fruit unknown. Fl. JunJul.
* Broad-leaved forest; 2400 m. NW Yunnan.
锥形果属 zhui xing guo shu
Lu Anmin (路安民 Lu An-ming); Charles Jeffrey
Climbing herbs; stems slender, angular. Leaves petiolate, pedately 7-foliolate, leaflet blade lanceolate or oblong, dentate. Tendrils 2-fid. Flowers small, monoecious, pale green. Male racemose or paniculate; calyx rotate, 5-partite, segments oblong-lanceolate, margins erose; corolla rotate, 5-partite, segments oblong-lanceolate, caudate-acuminate, erose; stamens 5, filaments short, united at the base, anthers subglobose, 1-locular, erect, dehiscence longitudinal; rudimentary ovary absent. Female flowers paniculate or fasciculate in the axils of leaves. Calyx and corolla as in male; ovary clavate, 1-locular, styles 3, apices 2-lobed; ovules 3, pendulous from the apex of locules; staminodes absent. Fruits capsular, turbinate, venose and ribbed, truncate at the apex, 3-valved, crowned by the persistent styles; seeds 3, oblong, black, testa thick, margin thickened, erose.
1 species, principally an Indo-Malayan genus; 1 species in China.
锥形果 zhui xing guo
Slender herbs; stem glabrous or slightly puberulent. Leaves membranous, pedately 79-foliolate; petiole 36 cm, glabrous; leaflets obovate-oblong, glabrous, median 46 Χ 1.52 cm, lateral shorter, apex acuminate or acute, base acuminate, margin crenate-dentate, petiolules 39 cm. Tendrils slender, 2-fid. Dioecious. Male flowers racemose or paniculate, rachis slender, flexuous, 1030 cm, glabrous; pedicels capillary, often fasciculate, 13 mm, with bracteoles at the base; calyx-segments narrowly ovate, 11.5 mm, acute; corolla-segments ovate-lanceolate, 2.53 Χ 1 mm, 3-nerved, entire or indistinctly dentate; stamens 5, filaments shorter, united at the base, anthers erect. Female flowers paniculate, 512 cm, or fasciculate in the axils of leaves; pedicels filiform, reflexed, bracteoles subulate; ovary funnelform, 1-locular; styles 3, with 2-lobe stigma. Fruits turbinate, 1216 mm, apex truncate, 811 mm in diam., pale green, 3-longitudinally dehiscent, 13-seeded. Seeds oblong, 7(12) Χ 34 mm, 12 mm thick, dark brown, apex truncate, base acute, verrucose, margin dentate.
Forest on mountain sides; 21002800 m. S & SW Yunnan [India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Sikkim, Thailand, Vietnam].
1a. Fruits glabrous ............................................................................................... 1a. var. cissiformis
1b. Fruits tomentose ................................................................................................... 1b. var. villosa
锥形果 zhui xing guo
Fruits glabrous
Forest on mountain sides; 21002800 m. S & SW Yunnan [India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Sikkim, Thailand, Vietnam].
毛锥形果 mao zhui xing guo
Fruits tomentose.
* Forest on mountain sides; ca. 2300 m. S & SW Yunnan (Menghai, Yongde).
绞股蓝属 jiao gu lan shu
Chen Shukun (陈书坤), Lu Anmin (路安民 Lu An-ming); Charles Jeffrey
Trirostellum Z. P. Wang & Q. Z. Zie, Acta Phytot. Sin. 19(4): 483. 1981.
Perennial scandent herbs, glabrous or pubescent. Leaves alternate, pedate, with 39-leaflets, rarely simple, leaflet blade ovate-lanceolate. Tendrils bifurcate, rarely simple. Flowers unisexual, dioecious, rarely monoecious, in racemes or panicles, axillary or terminal, pedicel articulated, bracteole basal. Male flower: calyx tube short, 5-lobed, lobes narrowly-lanceolate; corolla rotate, greenish or white, deeply 5-lobed, lobes lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, involute in bud; stamens 5, inserted at base of perianth tube, filaments short, connate, anthers ovate, erect, 2-locular, dehiscence longitudinal, connective narrow, but not extended; pollen grains globose or elliptic, longitudinally striate or smooth, dehiscent by pores. Rudimentary pistil absent. Female flowers: calyx and corolla as in male flower; staminodes present; ovary globose, 32-locular, styles 3, rarely 2, free, stigmas 2 or land crescent-shaped and irregularly incised-dentate; ovules 2, pendulous in each locule. Berry globose, in form and size like a pea, or capsule, 3-lobed from top, top umbonulate or with 3 persistent long styles 3; seeds 23, broad-ovate, compressed, with papillae or spiniform papillae.
About 17 species and 2 varieties. Distributed in tropical Asia to east Asia, from the Himalaya regions to Japan, Malaysia and New Guinea. Fifteen species and 2 varieties in China.
1a. Capsule campanulate, persistent styles 3, long-rostriform, dehiscent when mature along ventral suture, 3-lobed.
2a. Female flowers solitary or paired, axillary, pedicel 34 cm; ovary 5-locular, styles 5 1. G. pentagynum
2b. Female flowers numerous, in racemes or panicles, axillary terminal, pedicel shorter than 5 mm; ovary 3-locular, styles 3.
3a. Female flowers in spiciform racemes, fruit stalk shorter than 5 mm.
4a. Stigma crescent-shaped and irregularly incised-dentate; styles 2.53 mm long, or thick and short, 0.5 mm.
5a. Style thin and long, 2.53 mm; persistent style up to 5 mm long; side of seed not sulcate and without wing ................................................................................................... 2. G. yixingense
5b. Style short and thick; persistent style short-rostriform; seed broad-cordate, margin sulcate and with narrow wing ............................................................................... 3. G. cardiospermum
4b. Stigma 2-lobed, forked, never crescent-shaped, style shorter than 0.5 mm.
6a. Fruit small, ca. 3 mm in diam.; glabrous, dark-punctate; leaves with 5-leaflets, leaflets elliptic 4. G. microspermum
6b. Fruit large, 56 mm in diam., white-villous, without dark spots; leaves with 57-leaflets, leaflets obovate-elliptic ................................................................................ 5. G. aggregatum
3b. Female flowers in lax panicle; fruit stalk 810 mm .................................... 6. G. laxiflorum
1b. Berry globose, depressed-globose, persistent style short, umbonate, never rostate, not dehiscent.
7a. Leaves simple ...................................................................................... 7. G. simplicifolium
7b. Leaves compound, pedate.
8a. Stem cylindrical, with longitudinal striae, but without wings.
9a. Leaves with 35-leaflets.
10a. Leaf smooth, glabrous on both surfaces, or with hairs only along midrib; stem with only sparse hairs at nodes; corolla lobes narrow-lanceolate, 23 mm long ................................. 8. G. laxum
10b. Leaf blade and stem all densely pubescent; lobes of corolla oblong-elliptic, ca. 2 mm long 9. G. burmanicum
9b. Leaves with (3)57(9)-leaflets.
11a. Fruit densely
hirsute-pubescent; stem stout
11b. G. pentaphyllum var. dasycarpum
11b. Fruit glabrous, stem slender.
12a. Fruit stalk shorter than 5 mm;
leaves sparsely to densely pubescent
.................................................................. 11a. G. pentaphyllum var. pentaphyllum
12b. Fruit stalk 725 mm long.
13a. Flower monoecious; fruit 3-angled-obovoid
or 3-angled-oblate
................................................................................................. 12.
G. guangxiense
13b. Flower dioecious; fruit globose or obtriangular.
14a. Fruit obtriangular, compressed;
leaflets 57, elliptic or elliptic-ovate
13.
G. compressum
14b. Fruit globose, leaflets 79,
rhombic-elliptic or obovate-lanceolate
14.
G. longipes
8b. Stem 3-angled, with narrow wings ...................................................... 15. G. caulopterum
五柱绞股蓝 wu zhu jiao gu lan
Herbs perennial, scandent, with short and succulent rootstocks. Stem 2 m or more, ca. 4 mm in diam., angular, white-villous. Tendrils filiform, villous, below gradually glabrescent above, apex bifid. Leaves pedate, with (5)7 leaflets; petioles 913 cm, villous; leaflet blades elliptic, central 10 cm long, apex short-acuminate, margin irregularly serrate, both surfaces sparsely pubescent, densely villous along veins, petiolule 35 mm, lateral leaflet blades gradually smaller and asymmetrical, petiolule shorter, outer most leaflet without petiolule. Flowers dioecious. Male flowers numerous in panicle, 34 cm, villous; calyx 5-lobed, lobes long-elliptic, ca. 0.9 Χ 0.5 mm, apex obtuse, both surfaces glabrous; corolla rotate, 5-parted, lobes ovate, 4 Χ 0.6 mm, apex filiform-acuminate, glabrous outside, glandular-hair inside, with obscure midrib; stamen 5, filaments 0.2 mm, connective cylindrical. Female flower solitary or 2(3) flowers in very short raceme; peduncles 23 mm; pedicels up to 4 cm; calyx and corolla as in male flowers; staminodes absent; gynoecium with 5(4)-carpels; ovary densely pubescent and glandular-pubescent, 5(4)-locular, each locule with one ovule, styles 5(4), divaricate, stigmas 2, explanate. Fruit not mature. Fl. Jul.
* Evergreen broad-leaved forests, on moist mountain. Hunan (Dayong).
喙果绞股蓝 hui guo jiao lan
Trirostellum yixingense Z. P. Wang & Q. Z. Xie, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 19(4): 483. 1981; T. yixingense var. trichocarpum J. N. Ding, Bull. Bot. Res. NE For. Inst. 10(3): 71. 1990.
Perennial scandent herbs, to over 10 m. Stem slender, angular-sulcate, villous only at the nodes. Leaves membranous, pedately 57-foliolate; petiole 36 cm long; leaflets elliptic, median 48 cm long, lateral leaflets smaller, apex acuminate, margin crenate, base cuneate, pubescent on the nerves; petiolule ca. 5 mm. Tendrils filiform, simple. Male flowers in panicle, rachis 912 cm, sparsely pubescent; calyx-segments elliptic-lanceolate, 11.5 Χ 0.5 mm, apex obtuse; corolla pale green, segments ovate-lanceolate, 22.5 mm, caudate-acuminate; stamens 5, filaments connected, anthers 0.2 mm long. Female flowers fasciculate in the axil of leaves; calyx and corolla as in the male; ovary subglobose, 1.52 mm in diam., sparsely puberulent, styles 3, 2.53 mm long, stigma half-moon-shaped, margin dentate; staminodes 5, subulate. Capsule campanulate, 8 mm in diam., glabrous, apex truncate, 5 mm long. Seeds broadly cordate, 3 Χ 4 mm. Fl. AugSep, fr. SepOct.
* Forest and thickets; 60100 m. Anhui, S Jiangsu, Zhejiang.
The junior author (C. J.) would treat species 6 as a synonym of this species.
心籽绞股蓝 xin zi jiao lan
Scandent herbs. Stem slender, angular-sulcate, glabrous. Leaves pedately 37-foliolate, petiole 2.55 cm; leaflets lanceolate or oblong-elliptic, median 410 cm long, lateral shorter, apex acuminate, base attenuate, margin irregularly crenate, glabrous or setose only on nerves. Tendrils slender, 2-fid. Male flowers in a panicle, rachis slender; calyx-segments oblong-lanceolate, acute; corolla-segments lanceolate, caudate-acuminate, 1-nerved; anthers ovate, 1-locular. Female flowers in a raceme; calyx and corolla as in the male; ovary globose, villous, styles 3, 0.5 mm long, stigmas half-moon-shaped, margin dentate; ovules 2. Capsule globose or subcampanulate, 8 mm in diam., apex truncate. Seeds broadly cordate, 4.25 mm broad, slightly compressed, rugose-verrucose on the both surfaces, margin narrowly winged. Fl. JunAug, fr. AugOct.
* Forest and thickets on mountain slopes; (1400)19002300 m. W Hubei, S Shaanxi, Sichuan.
小籽绞股蓝 xiao zi jiao gu lan
Scandent herbs. Stem slender, angular-sulcate, glabrous or pubescent at the nodes. Leaves pedately 5-foliolate; petioles ca. 2 cm long, glabrous; leaflets thinly papery, elliptic, median 34 Χ 1.52 cm, lateral smaller, apex obtuse, cuspidate, base obtuse, margin irregularly crenate, adaxially pubescent. Tendrils filiform, 2-fid, glabrous. Flowers unknown. Infructescence racemose, dense. Capsule yellow-green, dark punctate, globose, ca. 3 mm in diam., glabrous, apex truncate, dehiscent, 12-seeded. Seeds broadly cordate, compressed, brown, 2.5 Χ 2 mm, less than 1 mm thick, papillose. Fr. Dec.
* Dense forest; 8501350. S Yunnan.
聚果绞股蓝 ju guo jiao gu lan
Scandent herbs. Stem slender, angular-sulcate, glabrous or pubescent at the nodes. Leaves pedately 57-foliolate, petiole 22.5 cm, glabrous; leaflets membranous, obovate-elliptic, median 33.5 Χ 1.5 cm, lateral smaller, apex obtuse-rounded, cuspidate, base obtuse, margin crenate, adaxially sparsely pubescent, abaxially glabrous; lateral veins 69 pairs, petiolule 25 mm long, glabrous. Tendrils filiform, 2-fid. Male flowers unknown. Female flowers in a small 34-flowered panicle; bracts capillary; calyx-segments very small, subulate; corolla-segments lanceolate, 1 mm long, apex shortly acuminate; ovary globose, ca. 1 mm in diam., villous, styles 3, free, 0.75 mm, stigma 2-lobed. Capsules aggregated in a dense 1.52 cm long spike; fruit broadly campanulate, 5 mm in diam., white-pubescent, apex truncate. Seeds ovate, gray-brown, 3 Χ 2 mm, 1 mm thick, verruculose, margin dentate. Fl. JulAug, fr. SepOct.
* Pine forests or mixed forests; 23002700 m. NW Yunnan.
疏花绞股蓝 shu hua jiao lan
Scandent herbs. Stem slender, angular-sulcate, glabrous or puberulent at the nodes. Leaves pedately 5-foliolate; petiole 3 cm long; leaflets membranous, oblong-lanceolate, median 4 Χ 1.5 cm, lateral smaller, apex acuminate, base obtuse, margin dentate, adaxially sparsely puberulent, adaxially glabrous. Tendrils simple, glabrous. Male flowers unknown. Female flowers: inflorescence a sparse panicle, axillary or terminal, 25 Χ 1.52.5 cm, rachis and branches glabrous, pedicel filiform, 45 mm long; bracts linear; calyx-segments oblong-lanceolate, ca. 1.75 Χ 0.5 mm, apex shortly acuminate, glabrous; corolla-segments ovate-lanceolate, 2.5 Χ 1 mm, apex caudate-acuminate, puberulent or glabrescent; staminodes 5, terete; ovary globose, ca. 2 mm in diam., pubescent, styles 3, 1.5 mm long, base puberulent, stigma luniform, irregularly 35-dentate. Fruit-pedicel 810 mm long, glabrous; capsule campanulate, 67 mm, glabrous, apex truncate, 3-rostrate, beaks 23 mm long, dehiscent, 23-seeded. Seeds broadly cordate, 2 Χ 2.5 mm, 1.5 mm thick, brown, papillate. Fl. and fr. NovDec.
* Mountain slopes; 250 m. S Anhui.
The junior author (C. J.) would treat this taxon as a synonym of Gynostemma yixingense (Z. P. Wang & Q. Z. Xie) C. Y. Wu & S. K. Chen.
单叶绞股蓝 dan ye jiao gu lan
Scandent herbs. Stem slender, branched, angular-sulcate, pubescent. Leaves simple, leaf-blade papery, ovate, 1015 Χ 89 cm, apex acuminate, base rounded to slightly cordate, margin crenate, adaxially puberulent only on the nerves, abaxially glabrous, basal nerves 79; petiole 46 cm long, pubescent. Tendrils 2-fid. Male flowers: inflorescence paniculate, peduncle filiform, 1025 cm long, pubescent; pedicels filiform, 0.52 mm long; calyx-segments oblong-lanceolate, 0.51 mm long, apex obtuse, puberulent; corolla pale green-white or pale green-yellow, segments 5, oblong, 3 Χ 0.71 mm, 1-nerved, apex obtuse. Fruit globose, 78 mm in diam., pale yellow-green, black when mature. Seeds broadly ovate, 4 Χ 3.5 mm, compressed, apex acute, base rounded, verrucose.
Forest; 13001320 m. Hainan, S Yunnan [Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines].
The junior author (C. J.) would treat this taxon as a synonym of Gynostemma pertaphyllum (Thunberg) Makino.
光叶绞股蓝 guang ye jiao gu lan
Zanonia laxa Wallich, List. n 3727. 1824, nom. nud.; Pl. As. Rar. 2: 29. 1831.
Climbing herbs. Stem slender, much-branched, glabrous or sparsely puberulent. Leaves papery, pedately 3-foliolate, petiole 1.54 cm long, glabrous; median leaflet oblong-lanceolate, sometimes rhomboid, 510 Χ 23 cm, apex acute or shortly acuminate, base broadly cuneate, lateral leaflets ovate, 47 Χ 23.5 cm, margin undulate-crenate, glabrous; petiolule (2)57 mm long. Male flowers: inflorescence paniculate, terminal or axillary, (5)1030 cm long, pubescent; bracts subulate-lanceolate, 1 mm long; pedicels filiform, 37 mm long, bracteole subulate, smaller; calyx-segments 5, narrowly triangular ovate, ca. 0.5 mm; corolla yellow-green, segments narrowly ovate-lanceolate, 1.5 Χ 0.5 mm, glabrous, apex acuminate, entire, 1-nerved. Female inflorescence as male; corolla-segments narrowly triangular; ovary globose, 1 mm in diam., styles 3, free, apex 2-fid. Fruit globose, 810 mm, yellow-green, glabrous, indehiscent. Seeds broadly-ovate, ca. 4 mm in diam., pale gray, compressed, apex acute, base rounded, papillate on both surfaces. Fl. Aug, fr. AugSep.
Dense forest in valleys. Guangxi, Hainan, SE Yunnan; [India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Philippines, Thailand, Vietnam].
The junior author (C. J.) would treat this taxon as a synonym of Gynostemma pertaphyllum (Thunberg) Makino.
缅甸绞股蓝 mian din jiao gu lan
Scandent herbs. Stem angular-sulcate, densely pubescent at nodes. Leaves papery, 3-foliolate, hispidulous on both surfaces, petiole 36.5 cm long, densely pubescent, median leaflet rhomboid, (6)812 Χ 35.5 cm, apex shortly acuminate, base broadly cuneate, margin crenate, lateral leaflets 49 Χ 4 cm, outer side semiovate, base rounded, inner side semilanceolate or oblanceolate, base attenuate, lateral veins 89, median petiolule 56 mm long, lateral leaflets subsessile. Tendrils 2-fid. Male flowers in panicle; calyx-segments oblong, 0.75 Χ 0.3 mm, apex obtuse; corolla green, segments more or less elliptic, apex acute or shortly acuminate; stamens 1 mm long, glabrous. Female flowers unknown. Fruit baccate, globose, 510 mm in diam., green, glabrous, 3-seeded. Seeds broadly ovate, 3(5) Χ 3 mm, 2 mm thick, pale brown, compressed, base subrounded, edges with furrow, papillate on both surfaces.
Open forest or thickets; 6301300 m. S and SE Yunnan [Myanmar, Thailand].
1a. Fruit 56 mm in diam.; seeds 3(3.5) mm long ............................................ 9a. var. burmanicum
1b. Fruit 810 mm in diam.; seeds 5 mm long ............................................................... 9b. var. molle
缅甸绞股蓝 mian dian jiao gu lan
Fruits 56 mm in diam.; seeds 3(3.5) mm long.
Open forest and thickets; 8001200 m. S Yunnan [Myanmar, Thailand].
大果绞股蓝 da guo jiao gu lan
Fruits 810 cm in diam.; seeds 5 mm long.
* Forest in mountain valleys or open forest; 6301300 m. S and SE Yunnan.
The junior author considers this species and it, varieties, the names of which have never been validly published, to represent densely hairy variants of Gynostemma pentaphyllum (Thunberg) Makino.
绞股蓝 jiao gu lan
Vitis pentaphylla Thunberg in Murray, Syst. Veg., ed. 14, 244. 1784; Gynostemma pedatum Blume; G. pedatum var. hupehensis Pampanini; G. pedatum Blume var. pubescens Gagnepain; G. pubescens (Gagnepain) C. Y. Wu ex C. Y. Wu & S. K. Chen; G. pallidinerve Z. Zhang.
Climbing herbs. Stem and branches slender, angular-sulcate, glabrous or sparsely pubescent. Leaves membranous or papery, pedately 39-foliolate, usually 57-foliolate, pubescent or glabrous; leaflets ovate-oblong or lanceolate, median 312 Χ 1.54 cm, lateral smaller, apex acute or shortly acuminate, base attenuate, margin crenate, hispid on both surfaces, lateral veins 68 pairs; petiolule 15 mm. Tendril filiform, 2-fid. Male flowers in panicle, peduncle filiform, many-branched, 1015(30) cm long; pedicels filiform, 14 mm, bracteole subulate; calyx-tube very short, segments triangular, 0.7 mm long, apex acute; corolla pale green or white, segments ovate-lanceolate, 2.53 Χ 1 cm, apex long-acuminate, 1-nerved; stamens 5. Female flowers: panicle shorter than that of male; calyx and corolla as in the male; ovary globose, 23-celled, styles 3, stigmas 2-lobed; staminode 5, short. Fruits indehiscent, globose, 56 mm in diam., black when mature, 2-seeded. Seeds ovate-cordate, 4 mm in diam., brown, apex obtuse, base cordate, compressed, papillose on both surfaces. Fl. MarNov, fr. AprDec.
Forest, thickets or road sides on mountain slopes; 3003200 m. Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, S Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Shandong, Sichuan, Taiwan, Yunnan, Zhejiang [Bangladesh, India, Indonesia, S Japan, S Korea, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, New Guinea, Sri Lanka, Vietnam].
1a. Fruit glabrous .......................................................................................... 11a. var. pentaphyllum
1b. Fruit densely hispid and pubescent ............................................................. 11b. var. dasycarpum
绞股蓝 jiao gu lan
Fruit glabrous.
Forest, thickets or road sides on mountain slopes; 3003200 m. Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, S Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Shandong, Sichuan, Taiwan, Yunnan, Zhejiang [Bangladesh, India, Indonesia, S Japan, S Korea, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, New Guinea, Sri Lanka, Vietnam].
The junior author (C. J.) would treat species 8 and 14 as synonyms of this taxon.
毛果绞股蓝 mao guo jiang gu lan
Fruits densely hispid and pubescent.
* Forest; 14001650 m. S Yunnan.
广西绞股蓝 guang xi jiang gu lan
Liana, herbaceous, scandent. Stems slender, glabrous, striate and sulcate. Tendrils filiform, apex bifid. Leaves alternate, pedate, with (3)57-leaflets, petiole 48 cm, glabrous; leaflet blade membranous, ovate-elliptic or obovate, central 34.5 Χ 1.52.5 cm, lateral smaller, slightly oblique, apex short-acuminate or obtuse, base cuneate, margin serrate, glabrous or with sparse pubescence along midrib and lateral veins on both surfaces; petiolule 35 mm. Flowers monoecious. Male flowers: greenish, ca. 2 m in diam., in axillary panicles, 35 cm; peduncle filiform, 815 mm, glabrous; bracteoles subulate, ca. 1.5 mm long; pedicels filiform, 23 mm; calyx 5-lobed, lobes deltoid, ca. 0.5 Χ 0.4 mm; corolla 5-lobed, lobes lanceolate, 11.5 Χ 0.5 mm; stamens 5, filaments very short, anthers ovate. Female flowers: few cymose, peduncle slender, 614 mm, glabrous, pedicels 715 mm; calyx 5-lobed, lobes lanceolate, ca. 1 Χ 0.3 mm; corolla 5-lobed, lobes lanceolate, ca. 2.5 Χ 0.5 mm, apex caudate-acuminate; ovary 23-locular, each locule with 1 ovule, styles 23, slightly connate at base, stigmas slightly bifid. Fruits obovate-triangular or 3-angled-oblate, 45 mm long, 56 mm in diam., apex truncate, with persistent perianth and style, glabrous, greenish, fruit stalk filiform, 718 mm. Seeds 23, oblong or subglobose, ca. 2.5 mm long, ca. 2.2 mm in diam., cream, verruculose, Fl. Oct, fr. NovDec.
* Forests on limestone mountains. Guangxi (Longzhou, Daxin).
扁果绞股蓝 bian guo jiao gu lan