Key to subfamilies
1a. Flowers actinomorphic, petals valvate in bud, free or synpetalous; anthers sometimes with a deciduous gland at apex ................................................................................................ 1. Mimosoideae
1b. Flowers more or less zygomorphic, petals imbricate in bud.
2a. Flowers slightly zygomorphic; corolla not papilionaceous, adaxial (uppermost) petal overlapped on each side by the adjacent lateral petals (when these present); stamens with usually free filaments . 2. Caesalpinioideae
2b. Flowers strongly zygomorphic (very rarely actinomorphic); corolla papilionaceous, adaxial petal (vexillum) outside the adjacent lateral petals (wing), abaxial petals (keel) basally connate, stamens diadelphous (9+1) or monadelphous, rarely free .................................................................... 3. Papilionoideae
Key to genera
1a. Stamens 10 or less.
2a. Climbers or herbs.
3a. Woody climbers; leaves with pinnae 2 pairs, tenderils present; pods jointed ........ 3. Entada
3b. Perennial herbs; leaves with pinnae 410 pairs, without tendrils; pods not jointed 4. Neptunia
2b. Trees, shrubs or subshrubs.
4a. Tall trees, 630 m tall.
5a. Pinnae with leaflets 2860 pairs; flowers in club-shaped pendulous head; pods base attenuate into a long stipe ......................................................................................................... 1. Parkia
5b. Pinnae with leaflets 47 pairs; flowers in racemes or panicles; pods base not attenuate into a long stipe .............................................................................................................. 2. Adenanthera
4b. Small trees, shrubs or subshrubs, 0.56 m tall.
6a. Armed plants; pods dehiscent in several segmens separating from persistent sutures; leaflets sensitive ...................................................................................................................... 6. Mimosa
6b. Unarmed plants; pods not dehiscent in several segments separating from persistent sutures; leaflets not sensitive.
7a. Small trees or shrubs, 26 m tall; pinnae with leaflets 515 pairs; pods broadly linear 5. Leucaena
7b. Subshrubs, 0.51.3 m tall; pinnae with leaflets 621
pairs; pods linear
7.
Desmanthus
1b. Stamens numerous, usually more than 10.
8a. Filaments free or only connate at base ................................................................... 8. Acacia
8b. Filaments connate into a tube.
9a. Pods dehiscent into 2 valves.
10a. Pods curved into a circle; stipules spinnescent ...................................... 9. Pithecellobium
10b. Pods straight or slightly curved; stipules not spinnescent.
11a. Pods with thickened sutures, elastically dehiscing from apex and downwards; seeds with pleurogram 10. Calliandra
11b. Pods without thickend sutures, dehiscing along both dorsal and ventral sutures; seeds without pleurogram ........................................................................................ 11. Archdendron
9b. Pods indehiscent or tardy dehiscent.
12a. Pods contorted into a half or full circle ................................................. 12. Enterolobium
12b. Pods straight.
13a. Flowers in spikes ................................................................................... 13. Falcataria
13b. Flowers in head or short corymbs.
14a. Pods septate between seeds, thick, fleshy .............................................. 14. Samanea
14b. Pods not septate between seeds, flat, thin .................................................. 15. Albizia
Key to genera
1a. Leaves simple, entire or bifid to bi-lobed, palmately nerved.
2a. Stamens 10; flowers purple-red or pink; pods narrowly winged on adaxial suture . 14. Cercis
2b. Stamens 3 or 5, if 10, then flowers white or yellowish or green; pods not winged 15. Bauhinia
1b. Leaves once pinnate or bipinnate.
3a. Leaves once pinnate.
4a. Petals absent.
5a. Flowers smaller, red; leaflets 24 pairs ...................................................... 11. Ceratonia
5b. Flowers larger, yellow or dark red; leaflets 46 pairs ...................................... 17. Saraca
4b. Petals present.
6a. Petals 13.
7a. Petals 3; seeds without aril ................................................................... 21. Tamarindus
7b. Petals 1(2); seeds arillate.
8a. Petals long clawed; stamens 78 ............................................................... 18. Afzelia
8b. Petals sessile; stamens 9 .......................................................................... 20. Sindora
6b. Petals 5.
9a. Leaves imparipinnate; leaflets alternate; pods narrowly
winged on sutures
12.
Zenia
9b. Leaves paripinnate; leaflets opposite; pods not winged.
10a. Leaflets 1-paired ................................................................................. 19. Hymenaea
10b. Leaflets 35-paired.
11a. Flowers yellow; stamens 410 ................................................................ 13. Cassia
11b. Flowers purple or pink; stamens 2 ......................................................... 16. Lysidice
3b. Leaves bipinnate
12a. Flowers polygamous; pods mostly pulpy within between seeds.
13a. Branches not spinose; leaflets entire; pods turgid or
subterete, 2-valved
............................................................................................................. 1.
Gymnocladus
13b. Branches and trunk armed with simple or branched spines; leaflets often ± serrate; pods compressed, indehiscent or tardily 2-valved ...................................................................... 2. Gledetsia
12b. Flowers bisexual.
14a. Tall trees, unarmed.
15a. Flowers large, very showy, more than 7 cm in diam.; pods loriform, large, subligneous 5. Delonix
15b. Flowers small or medium, not more than 3 cm in diam.
16a. Flowers scarlet; stamens 5, pods long-stipitate, narrowly winged along adaxialy suture 3. Acrocarpus
16b. Flowers yellow or yellowish-green; stamens 10; pods winged along both sutures or not winged.
17a. Pods winged along both sutures; flowers over 15 mm in diam.; stamens slightly shorter than petals ......................................................................................................... 4. Peltophrum
17b. Pods not winged along sutures; flowers below 5 mm in diam.; stamens double longer than petals ................................................................................................... 10. Erythophleum
14b. Climbers or small trees, shrubs, armed.
18a. Flowers subregular, nearly actinomorphic.
19a. Climbers; pods samaroid, indehiscent; leaflets 630-paired ................. 7. Pterolobium
19b. Trees; Pod not samaroid, opening along middle of valves; leaflets 24-paired 8. Haematoxylon
18b. Flowers irregular, zygomorphic.
20a. Leaf-rhachis ending in a spine-like sharp point, leafless very small; pods torulose 9. Parkinsonia
20b. Leaf-rhachis not ending in a spine-like sharp point; leaflets not very small; pods not torulose, ovate to oblong, or falcate ............................................................................ 6. Caesalpinia
Key to tribes
1a. Filaments all free or connate only at base, anthers uniform.
2a. Leaves odd-pinnate (simple leaf only in Bowringia calicarpa and Ormosia simplicifolia); stipules small or absent; calyx usually subequally 5-dentate; trees or shrubs, rarely vines ........ 1. Sophoreae
2b. Leaves palmate-trifoliolate (rarely 1-foliolate in Ammopiptanthus mongolicus); stipules usually united with petioles or amplexical, without stipels; calyx usually deeply 5-lobed; shrubs or herbs . 21. Thermopsideae
1b. Filaments partly or almost wholly united to one another, either monadelphous in a closed tube, or diadelphous, in the latter case the vexillary (adaxial) filament often free or partly free from the remainder; anthers uniform or dimorphic.
3a. Anthers uniform in size and shape or nearly so, not alternately basifixed and dorsifixed, also not alternately longer and shorter.
4a. Free upper part of filaments more or less filiform, not dilated upwards.
5a. Pods not breaking up into separate segments when mature; seeds 1 to several.
6a. Stamens monadelphous and filaments partly connate into a single more or less closed tube, sometimes the adaxial filament free at the base but connate higher up with the remainder.
7a. Herbs with indumentum composed mainly of medifixed (T-shaped)
hairs, racemes axillary, anther-connective apiculate; style glabrous
..................................................................................... 6.
Indigofereae (Cyamopsis)
7b. Trees or shrubs, rarely herbs, indumentum when present not composed of medifixed (T-shaped) hairs; anther-connective not apiculate; inflorescens racemose or pinnulate, or flower solitary; style glabrous or hairy.
8a. Pods indehiscent; semi-orbicular or circinate, 12-seeded; annual or perennial herbs 13. Hedysareae (Onobrychis)
8b. Pods dehiscent, not semi-orbicular.
9a. Trees, shrubs , sometimes climbing; stipules not sagittate
or absent
4.
Millettieae (p.p.)
9b. Herbs; stipules sagittate ..................................................... 12. Galegeae (Galega)
6b. Stamens diadelphous, mostly vexillary filament free or partly adnate to the remainder, or if monadelphous then free at upper part or top.
10a. Leaves imparinnate or pinnately or digitately 3-foliolate, sometimes 1-foliolate (Tadehagi) or primitively simple (Indigofera spp.).
11a. Leaves gland-dotted or pellucide-punctate below.
12a. Pods dehiscent, 1-several-seeded; leaves trifoliolate or simple (Flemingia spp.) 8. Phaseoleae (Cajaninae)
12b. Pods indehiscent, 1-seeded; leaves simple ........................................ 9. Psoraleeae
11b. Leaves neither gland-dotted n or pellucide-punctate below.
13a. Plant with indumentum composed mainly of T-shaped hairs;
racemes or spikes axillary; anther-connective tipped by a gland or mucro
6.
Indigofereae
13b. Plant glabrous or without indumentum composed of T-shaped hairs; anthers neither tipped by a gland nor mucronate.
14a. Leaflets more or less toothed, lateral nerves continued to the margin; mostly herbs; stipules often adnate to the petiole; stipe absent .......................................... 18. Trifolieae
14b. Leaflets entire, lateral nerves not continued to margin; mostly shrubs or subshrubs, rarely herbs; stipellate.
15a. Pods jointed but dehiscing its full length ............................. 7. Desmodieae (p.p)
15b. Pods not jointed ................................................................ 8. Phaseoleae (p.p.)
10b. Leaves pinnate (including pinnately 3-foliolate).
16a. Leaves gland-dotted or pellucide-punctate below; ovules few.
17a. Pods dehiscent; leaves pinnate-trifoliolate; corolla regular ........ 8. Phaseoleae (p.p.)
17b. Pods indehiscent;leaves imparipinnate; corolla without
wings and keel
10.
Amorpheae
16b. Leaves not gland-dotted or pellucide-punctate below; ovules usually more than 4, rarely 2 or 1.
18a. Pods indehiscent; without stipels.
19a. Pods inflated and blader-like ....................................................... 12. Phaseoleae
19b. Pods not inflated and blader-like
20a. Leaves imparipinnate; leaflets alternate ....................................... 2. Dalbergieae
20b. Leaves trifoliolate; 1-seeded.
21a. Pods plano-compressed, leathery ................. 7. Desmodieae (Lespedezineae)
21b. Pods drupe-like, fragile ......................................................... 20. Euchresteae
18b. Pods dehiscent, sometimes only at apex.
22a. Petals very unequal in length, either vexillum or the
keel petals much longer than other; stipels present, sometimes gland-like
............................................................................. 3.
Phaseoleae (Erythrininae)
22b. Petals more or less equal in length (or at any rate the keel-petals not much longer than others, though sometimes beaked or spirally twisted).
23a. Indumentum (when present) usually composed, at least in
part, of adpressed medifixed (T-shaped) hairs; anther-connective with a gland
or mucro at apex; stipels present or not obvious
6.
Indigofereae (Indigofera)
23b. Indumentum not as above; anther-connective without a gland or mucro at the apex.
24a. Rhachis of inflorescence thickened (nodose) at insertion of pedicels, mostly stipellate 8. Phaseoleae
24b. Rhachis of inflorescence not thickend at insertion of pedicels; leaves without stepel.
25a. Rhachis of leaves transformed at apex into a tendril or bristle; stipels absent.
26a. Stamens 10; flowers solitary, fasciculate or racemose in leaf-axils; claw of vexillum free from staminal-sheath ................................................................ 16. Fabeae
26b. Stamens 9, flowers in terminal or subterminal racemes; claw of vexillum more or less adnate to staminal-sheath ........................................................... 3. Abreae
25b. Rhachis of leaves not ending in a tendril or bristle.
27a. Pods longitudinally septate within by the intrusion of seed-bearing suture; style glabrous ..................................................................... 12. Galegeae (Astragalinae)
27b. Pods not longitudinally separate as described above, sometimes transversely septate but not breaking up into separate joints.
28a. Pods inflated and bladder-like, sometimes dehiscent only at the apex 12. Galegeae (p.p.)
28b. Pods compressed.
29a. Stipules mostly adnate to the petiole; leaflets often toothed; mostly herbs 18. Trifolieae (p.p.)
29b. Stipules not adnate to the petiole, or absent; leaflets entire; woody or herbs.
30a. Ovary 1-seeded .......................................................... 7. Desmodieae
30b. Ovary 2 to many seeded.
31a. Flowers in terminal or leaf-opposed racemes, rarely axillary 4. Millettieae (p.p.)
31b. Flowers single, fasciculate or in racemes axillary.
32a. Erect plants; leaves paripinnate or imparipinnate; leaflets 24 pairs 5. Robinieae (Sesbania)
32b. Twining herbs; leavespinnately or digitately
3-foliolate
...................................................................... 8. Phaseoleae (p.p.)
5b. Pods breaking up into 1-seeded segments when ripe.
33a. Leaves with stupels ....................................................... 7. Desmodieae (Desmodiinae)
33b. Leaves without stipels.
34a. Keel-petals often obliquely truncate at the apex; wings short or very small, rarely equalling the keel-petals ...................................................................................... 13. Hedysareae (p.p.)
34b. Keel-petals obtuse or breaked, incurved; wings often
transversely plicate
................................................................................................. 11.
Aeschynomeneae
4b. Free upper part of all or half of the filaments dilated or expanded upwards.
35a. Pods jointed and breaking up into separate segments, more or less tetragonous, indehiscent 15. Coronilleae
35b. Pods 2-valved or indehiscent, sometimes transversely septate but not breaking up into separate joints.
36a. Leaf-rachis ending in a bristle or tendril; flowers solitary or racemose in the leaf-axil 17. Cicereae
36b. Leaf-rachis not ending in a bristle or tendril.
37a. Claws of some or all of the petals partly adnate to the
staminal sheath; leaflets usually toothed, the lateral nerves extended to the
teeth or margin
................................................................................................... 18.
Trifolieae (p.p.)
37b. Claws of the petals not adnate to the staminal sheath.
38a. Stipules gland-like, free from the petiuole; leaflets entire, nerves not running into the margin; lowermost pair often resembling stipules .................................................. 14. Loteae
38b. Stipules mostly partly adnate to the petiole; nerves of the leaves extended to the usually toothed margin ...................................................................................... 18. Trifolieae (p.p.)
3b. Anther dimorphic, alternately dorsifixed and basifixed, either all equal or alternately longer and shorter.
39a. Upper part of filaments swollen or expanded; perennial of shrublets, often spiny and glandular 18. Trifolieae (Ononis)
39b. Upper part of filaments neither swollen nor expanded.
40a. Pods transversely septate and breaking up into 1-seeded joints (sometimes some fruits reduced to 1 joint) ................................................................................... 11. Aeschynomeneae (p.p.)
40b. Pods not transversely septate or if so then not breaking up into separate joints.
41a. Filaments connate into a more or less closed tube, but free at the top; stipel absent or very small.
42a. Claws of the lower petals more or less adnate to the staminal tube; stipules minute or absent 20. Genisteae
42b. Claws of all the parts free from the staminal tube.
43a. Ovary 1-ovuled; pods 1-seeded ................................... 11. Aeschynomeneae (p.p.)
43b. Ovary more than 1-ovuled; pods more than 1-seeded ............... 20. Genisteae (p.p.)
41b. Filaments connate into a sheath split adaxially or sometimes the adaxially (vexillary) filament free or partly so.
44a. Leaves simple; flowers mostly in terminal or leaf-opposed racemes or spikes; style bearded 19. Crotalarieae (p.p.)
44b. Leaves 3-or more-foliolate.
45a. Leaves glandular below; style bearded lengthwise or pilose around the stigma 8. Phaseoleae (p.p.)
45b. Leaves not glandular below; style glabrous or hairy.
46a. Style glabrous.
47a. Leaves pinnately foliolate; stipels mostly present; mostly climbers; pods sometimes ribbed, often clothed with stinging hairs; inflorescence axillary or born on old stem 8. Phaseoleae (Mucuna)
47b. Leaves digitately 3-foliolate; stipels absent; creeping
herbs; pods without shining hairs; inflorescence mostly terminal or leaf-opposed
............................................................................. 19.
Crotalarieae (Lotononis)
46b. Style hairy.
48a. Style bearded lengthwise; pods turgid or inflated .............. 19. Crotalarieae (p.p.)
48b. Style at most pubescent only
towards the base; pods not inflated
................................................................................ 8.
Phaseoleae (Glycininae)
1a. Pods terete, moniliform, rarely 4-winged (S. mollis) .............................................. 4. Sophora
1b. Pods compressed or turgid, sometimes winged along sutures.
2a. Leaves simple, scandent shrubs; corolla white; pods
ovoid, transversely nerved
......................................................................................................................... 6.
Bowingia
2b. Leaves pinnate (except O. simplicifolia), erect shrubs or small trees; corolla pink; pods long elliptic or obovate, not transversely nerved.
3a. Leaf-rachis ending in a spine; indument silvery-silky ................................ 5. Ammodendron
3b. Leaf-rachis not ending in a spine; indument not silvery-silky.
4a. Pods compressed or more or less turgid; sutures neither winged nor thickened 1. Ormosia
4b. Pods complanate, sutures slightly thickened on one side or both side.
5a. Buds of shoots embraced by the inflated base of the petiole ...................... 2. Cladrastis
5b. Buds of shoots not embraced by the inflated base of the petiole ................... 3. Macckia
1a. Flowers white or red; pods oblong or linear.......................................................... 7. Dalbergia
1b. Flowers yellow; pods orbicular......................................................................... 8. Pterocarpus
Only one genus Abrus.
1a. Herbs or shrublet-like; stipules present ............................................................. 19. Tephrosia
1b. Woody plants; stipules absent or present.
2a. Stipules absent.
3a. Trees; pods thickly woody, convex, 1-seeded ...................................... 10. Antheroporum
3b. Vines or climber; pods compressed.
4a. Pods thick, not winged ............................................................................. 14. Pongamia
4b. Pods thin, winged ........................................................................................... 18. Derris
2b. Stipules present, deciduous or persistent.
5a. Deciduous vines with terminal pendulous racemes ........................................... 15. Wisteria
5b. Evergreen vines with terminal or axillary panicles or racemes, sometimes cauliflorous.
6a. Inflorescence axillary or cauliflorous; ovary 2-ovuled.
7a. Stipels present; flowers small, fasciculate; pods leathery, compressed ........... 12. Fordia
7b. Stipels absent; flowers large, solitary; pods woody, turgid (Whitfordiodendron in FRPS) 11. Afgekia
6b. Inflorescence terminal or axillary; ovary 4 or more-ovuled.
8a. Pods narrowly winged; leaves 3-foliolate ...................................... 17. Craspedolobium
8b. Pods not winged; leaves imparipinnate, more than 5-foliolate.
9a. Exocarp separated from endocarp when dry ........................................ 16. Sarcodum
9b. Exocarp not separated from endocarp when dry (Note! Millettia sect. Eurybotryae Dunn = Callerya Endlicher (see Legumes World, 370. 2005). What opinion have the authors of FOC?) ............................................................................................................... 13. Millettia
1a. Flowers fasciculate at ends of shoots; leaflets linear and soon folded; grown in highland 20. Salweenia
1b. Flowers in racemes; leaflets oblong to broad-ovate; grown in lowland.
2a. Trees or shrubs; leaflets 212 pairs; stipules spinescent; pods flat and compressed, narrowly winged along the upper suture, continuous inside ............................................................ 21. Robinia
2b. Herbs or shrub-like herbs;
leaflets 1032 pairs; stipules not spinescent; pods, linear and subterete not
winged along the suture, septate between seeds inside
........................................................................................................................ 22.
Sesbania
1a. Stamens diadelphous; vexillum hairy outside, if not
hairy than pods 1-angulate
23.
Indigofera
1b. Stamens uniform; vexillum
not hairy outside; pods subtetragonous-compressed
24.
Cyamopsis
1a. Stipels absent; pods 1-jointed, 1-seeded, not glochidiate.
2a. Twining herbs; bracts membranous, enlarged after
flowering, leaf-like, folded
..................................................................................................................... 39.
Phylacium
2b. Shrubs or herbs, not twining, bracts not like above..
3a. Lateral veins of leaflets strict; stipules large ............................................. 42. Kummerowia
3b. Lateral veins of leaflets arch-curved near margin; stipules small, subulate.
4a. Bracts caduceus, 1-flowered; pedicels articulate below calyx; keel falcate, acute 40. Campylotropis
4b. Bracts persistent, 2-flowered; pedicels not articulate;
keel strict, obtuse
................................................................................................................. 41.
Lespedeza
1b. Stipels present; pods usually glochidiate, 2several-jointed, rarely 1-jointed, 1-seeded.
5a. Branch nodes with trifid and hard spines; leaves 1-foliolate ...................... 25. Trifidacanthus
5b. Branch nodes without trifid and hard spines; leaves 3(9)-foliolate, rarely 1-foliolate.
6a. Calyx glume-like, lobes dry and hard, striate .............................................. 38. Alysicarpus
6b. Calyx not glume-like, lobes herbaceous, not striate.
7a. Umbels or short racemes axillary; flowers white or yellow; leaves 3-foliolate.
8a. Umbels not enclosed in 2 opposite leafy bracts ................................. 26. Dendrolobium
8b. Umbels enclosed in 2 opposite leafy bracts ........................................... 27. Phyllodium
7b. Racemes or panicles terminal or axillary, rarely flowers fasciculate axillary; leaves (1)39-foliolate.
9a. Leaves digitately 3-foliolate;stipules united, apex
3-lobed; pods 2-jointed
28.
Dicerma
9b. Leaves pinnately (1)39-foliolate; stipules free, apex entire; pods 2several-jointed, rarely 1-jointed.
10a. Pods distinctly stipitate, ventral suture deeply incrised,
the isthmus less than 1/5 as broad as pod; stamens monadelphous (Podocarpum in FRPS)
........................................................................................................ 30.
Hylodesmum
10b. Pods not stipitate or rarely shortly stipitate; constricted on both sutures or ventral suture straight; stamens diadelphous, rarely monadelphous.
11a. Joints of pod plicate-retrofracted.
12a. Calyx lobes short and broad, enlarged after flowering, net-veined ......... 37. Christa
12b. Calyx lobes subulate or setaceous, not englarged after flowering, net-veined.
13a. Joints connected along ventrual suture ................................................. 35. Uraria
13b. Joints connected at center of the joint (Note! should Urariopsis be combined with Uraria?) .................................................................................................... 36. Urariopsis
11b. Joints of pod not plicate-retrofracted.
14a. Pedicels hooked-inflexed at apex and inverting flowers; leaves 1-foliolate 34. Mecopus
14b. Pedicel not hooked-inflexed at apex.
15a. Petioles winged; leaves 1-foliolate .................................................. 33. Tadehagi
15b. Petioles not winged, if winged, then 3-foliolate.
16a. Pods turgid, continuous within, not jointed, valves transversely lined-venose 32. Pycnospora
16b. Pods not turgid, jointed, valves not transversely line-venose.
17a. Joints of pod indehiscent ........................................................ 29. Desmodium
17b. Joints of pod dehiscing along dorsal suture, remaining attached to other suture 31. Codariocalyx
1a. Leaflets and calyx generally with yellowish gland-dots; bracteoles absent; inflorescences not nodose (7. subtribe Cajaninae).
2a. Pods 3- or more-seeded.
3a. Pods depressed between seeds ...................................................................... 74. Cajanus
3b. Pods not depressed between seeds .............................................................. 75. Dunbaria
2b. Pods 1- or 2-seeded.
4a. Leaves 1-foliolate; funicle attached at end of linear hilum ............................... 78. Eriosema
4b. Leaves digitately or pinnately 3-foliolate, or simple (not 1-foliolate); funicle attached at middle of hilum.
5a. Erect herbs or shrubs; leaves digitately 3-foliolate or
simple; pods turgid
................................................................................................................. 76.
Flemingia
5b. Twining herbs or shrublets; leaves pinnately
3-foliolate; pods compressed
............................................................................................................... 77.
Rhynchosia
1b. Leaflets and calyx without gland-dots.
6a. Style flattented, thicked or twisted, mostly barbate, if not barbate and terete, then vexillum and keels with minute appendages; hilum usually covered with spongy tissue (6. subtribe Phaseolinae).
7a. Style flattened laterally; vexillum with a single large appendage............................ 68. Lablab
7b. Style terete.
8a. Keel-petals apex spirally twisted.
9a. Wing-petals longer than vexillum; style twice 90Ί incurved; pods 23mm broad 72. Macroptilium
9b. Wing-petals shorter than vexillum; style 360Ί or more twisted; pods 11.5 cm broad 73. Phaseolus
8b. Keel-petals apex not spirally twisted.
10a. Pods 4-winged ................................................................................ 66. Psophocarpus
10b. Pods not 4-winged.
11a. Stigma lateral ............................................................................................. 71. Vigma
11b. Stigma terminal.
12a. Vexillum appendages absent; corolla purple-blue ............................. 65. Dysolobium
12b. Vexillum appendages present.
13a. Vexillum appendages short; corolla white or violet .............................. 69. Dolichos
13b. Vexillum appendages long and narrow; corolla light
yellow-green
70.
Macrotyloma
6b. Style generally terete and unbearded (sometimes a few hairs belowe stigma), occasionally coiled (in Erythrininae), sometimes bearded or flattened (in Clitoriinae); hilum rarely covered with spongy tissue (some Erythrina except).
14a. Flowers generally resupinate; calyx naked inside; style narrowed, penicillate or bearded distal part; corolla often hairy; leaflets 3, 1 or 59, with minute hooked hairs (5. subtribe Clitoriinae).
15a. Vexillum with a conspicuous spur on the back ........................................ 63. Centrosema
15b. Vexillum without spur on the back ................................................................ 64. Clitoria
14b. Flowers not resupinate or if so differing in other respects.
16a. Vexillum silky hairy outside, rather small, without appendages inside; seeds smooth, with a prominent aril; inflorescence not or only slightly nodose (4. subtribe Ophrestiinae) ..... 62. Ophrestia
16b. Vexillum glabrous or if hairy then inflorescence generally nodose or flowers much modified.
17a. Flowers mostly adapted to birds or bats for pollenation, petals generally unequal in length, sometimes with small bee-type flowers but then either scoiled (Apios, Cochlianthus) or flowers in extensive panicles and pod samaroid (Spatholobus) (1. subtribe Erythrininae).
18a. Trees or shrubs; stems with prickles; keel-petals much shorter than the vexillum 43. Erythrina
18b. Climbers, rarely trees (Butea monosperma); keel-petals usually the largest petals; stems without prickles.
19a. Style spirally coiled.
20a. Leaves 3-foliolate, turns black on drying ..................................... 48. Cochlianthus
20b. Leaves 37-foliolate, remains green on drying ......................................... 47. Apios
19b. Style not spirally coiled.
21a. Pods many-seeded, 2-valved; stinging hairs present ............................. 44. Mucuna
21b. Pods 1-seeded at the apex, empty below; stinging hairs absent.
22a. Flowers yellow to scarlet, 1.58 cm ..................................................... 45. Butea
22b. Flowers purple, rose, or white, 510 m ..................................... 46. Spatholobus
17b. Flowers mostly adapted to bees for pollination or if bird-flowers then petals subequal in length.
23a. Inflorescences generally nodose, seeds diverse, with short to long hilum (2. subtribe Diocleinae).
24a. Stigma lateral to subterminal; ovary scarcely pilose, hairs extending up style, forming a falsbeard ....................................................................................................... 50. Pachyrhizus
24b. Stigma terminal; style nacked.
25a. Calyx 2-lipped, the upper lip large, entire or 2-lobed, the lower lip small; stamens monodelphous; pods loriform or oblong .......................................... 49. Canavalia
25b. Calyx not strongly 2-lipped; stamens diadelphous; pods linear.
26a. Upper calyx-lobes completely united (calyx appearing 4-lobed) ....... 51. Galactia
26b. Upper calyx-lobes slightly to largely separate ......................... 52. Calopogonium
23b. Inflorescences not or scarcely nodose; seeds smooth or granular, with short hilum (3. subtribe Glycininae)
27a. Pods indehiscent; seeds with filiform funicles ..................................... 59a. Mastersia
27b. Pods dehiscent.
28a. Anthers alternately small and sterile; persistent style of pods turned up into a hook 57. Teramnus
28b. Anthers all fertile; pods unhooked.
29a. Stems strongly 4-angled, from the corners of which descend brown hairs; flowers ca. 5 mm ........................................................................................................ 58. Teyleria
29b. Stems not strongly 4-angled, and without brown hairs on the corners; flowers longer than 5 mm.
30a. Claws of the wings and keel shorter than the blade; seeds usually rough-sufaced; hilum often with a scarious strophiole ovary-walls opaque.
31a. Leaves 1-foliolate .......................................................................... 54. Nogra
31b. Leaves 3-foliolate.
32a. Flowers 2 or more per node of the inflorescence ...................... 53. Pueraria
32b. Flowers 1 per node of the inflorescence.
33a. Flowers 12 mm or more .................................................. 55. Sinodolichus
33b. Flowers 9 mm or less .............................................................. 56. Glycine
30b. Claws of wings and keel longer than the blade; seeds smooth surfaced, without a scarious strphiole; ovary-walls often transparent.
34a. Calyx-lobes truncate; flowers yellow .......................................... 60. Dumasia
34b. Calyx-lobes deltoid, evident; flowers usually red-purple, purple, blue or white, never yellow.
35a. Pods septate between seeds;vexillum suberect .......................... 59. Shuteria
35b. Pods continuous within; vexillum erect ............................. 61. Amphicarpaea
Only one genus: Psoralea.
Only one genus: Amorhpa.
1a. Leaves, calyx, etc with pellucid glands, if glands obscure then flowers sessile in numerous paired stipule-like bacts; leaves 2-foliolate ......................................................................................... 85. Zornia
1b. Leaves, calyx, etc. without pellucid glands or sometimes with dark dots; flowers sessile or pedicellate.
2a. Flowers sessile or subsessile; receptacle longer than broad, sometimes tubular; ovary sessile or subsessile; tannins in mesophyll forming reticulate patterns of dry leaflets abaxially (4. subtribe Stylosanthinae).
3a. Leaves 3-foliolate; pods 12-jointed, not developing underground ........... 86. Stylosanthes
3b. Leaves 4-foliolate; pods subtorulose but not developing underground ............... 87. Arachis
2b. Flowers pedicellate; receptacle broader than long or o [=??]; ovary stipitate; tannins in mesophyll not forming reticulate patterns of dry leaflets.
4a. Leaves imparipinnate; pods with strong continuous
nerves on sides; ovary-septa formed late; stamens monadelphous (1. subtribe Ormocarpinae)
81.
Ormocarpum
4b. Leaves paripinnate,or occasionally imparipinnate; articles of pod reticulately veined; ovary-septa formed by anthesis; stamens monadelphous or diadelphous (5+5) (2. subtribe Aeschynomeninae).
5a. Bracts much enlarged, usually completely enveloping the flowers and fruits; pods 12-jointed 84. Geissaspis
5b. Bracts not completely enveloping the flowers and fruits; pods 1more-jointed.
6a. Inflorescencess mostly lax; pods exserted from the calyx .................. 82. Aeschynomene
6b. Inflorescences mostly dense and ± scorpioid; pods enclosed by the persistent and accrescent calyx 83. Smithia
1a. Style bearded, sometimes just a tuft of hairs below stigma on one side (1. subtribe Coluteinae).
2a. Leaves reduced to scales; flowers single; pods compressed ..................... 90. Eremosparton
2b. Leaves imparipinnate, 725-foliolate; flowers in racemes; pods inflated.
3a. Flowers yellow; vexillum with 2 callosities above the claw ................................ 88. Colutea
3b. Flowers red to violet; vexillum without callosities above claw ................. 89. Sphaerophysa
1b. Style glabrous, but stigma sometimes penicillate (sometimes the inner side of style upper part hairy in Astragalus).
4a. Anther-thecae confluent towards apex; leaves pulvinate, spirally arranged; some hairs glandular-peltate or -capitate (4. subtribe Glycyrrhizinae) ....................................................... 102. Glycyrrhiza
4b. Anther-thecae separate; leaf-pulvinus reduced or absent; without peltate glandular hairs.
5a. Pod-nerves transverse, confluent over middle part of valves, fine or inconspicuous; vexillary filament generally free, keel-petals generally auriculate; leaflet-nerves usually looped within the margin or inconspicuous (2. subtribe Astragalinae).
6a. Calyx base usually oblique, upper side ± slightly gibbous; wings pinnately nerved; pod valves general twisting on deshiscence.
7a. Leaves paripinnate, rhachis persistent and hardened into a spines.
8a. Pods broadly inflated; flowers violet ............................................ 91. Halimodendron
8b. Pods compressed; flowers yellow, occasionally purplish or pink ............ 92. Caragana
7b. Leaves imparipinnate, rhachis caducous, not hardened.
9a. Shrubs; flowers in 48-flowered raceme; ovary sessile, with stipitate-glandular hairs or villose 93. Calophaca
9b. Herbs; flowers 13; ovary glabrous or villose (including
94. Chesniella in FRPS;
note! Chesniella = Chesneya,
see Pl. Book, if not combined, then see couplet 10) .......... 95. Chesneya
10a. Stem obvious; stipules membranous, separated from petiole; calyx campanulate; vexillum glabrous ......................................................................................................... 94. Chesniella
10b. Stem abbreviated, stemless-like; stipules herbaceous, lower adnate to petiole; calyx tubular; vexillum densely pubescent below ....................................................... 95. Chesneya
6b. Calyx base symmertric or suboblique; wings usually palmately nerved; pod valves not twisting.
11a. Leaves 1-foliolate; shrubs; peduncles spine-like .......................................... 100. Alhagi
11b. Leaves pinnately compound; herbaceous, rarely shrublets or subshrubs; peduncles not spine-like.
12a. Keel-petals half long as wings; style shorter than ovary or as long as it.
13a. Style incurved; upper 2 calyx-lobes free; seeds scrobiculate; stipules free and adnate to the base of petiole ................................................................................. 98. Gueldenstaedtia
13b. Style curved in right angle; upper 2 calyx-lobes connate above medium; seeds smooth, marble-maculate; stipules connate below apex and opposite to leaves .................. 99. Tibetia
12b. Keel-petal subequal or slightly shorter than wings; style longer than ovary.
14a. Keel-petals obtuse; pod unilocular or with a septum intruding from abaxial suture; leaflets ± symmetrica ....................................................................................... 96. Astragalus
14b. Keel-petals apiculate; pod unilocular or with a septum intruding from adaxial suture; leaflets basally ± unequal-sided or, if narrow, falcately incurved ...................... 97. Oxytropis
5b. Pod-nerves oblique, closely parallel, raised at maturity, confluent towards placental margin; vexillary filament connate with others; keel-petals not auriculate; leaflet-nerves extending to margin (3. subtribe Galeginae) ................................................................................................... 101. Galega
1a. Pods not jointed .......................................................................................... 105. Onobrychis
1a. Pods jointed.
2a. Pods not prickly ........................................................................................ 103. Hedysarum
2b. Pods prickly on sutures (Note! Stracheya = Hedysarum; see Legumes World, 493. 2005) 104. Stracheya
Only one genus: Lotus.
Only one genus: Coronilla.
1a. Staminal tube with an oblique top; wing-petals adherent to the keel; filaments filiform.
2a. Style terete; seeds usually more than 2 ................................................................. 108. Vicia
2b. Style dorsally compressed; seeds 2 or solitary ...................................................... 110. Lens
1b. Staminal tube not oblique at the top; wing-petals slightly adherent to or free from the keel.
3a. Style dilated in the upper part, the inner face longitudinally bearded; filaments filiform or dilated upwards; stipules sagittate or semisagitatte, usually smaller than leaflets .......................... 109. Lathyrus
3b. Style dilated in the upper part with reflexed margins forming a laterally compressed body; filaments slightly dilated upwards; stipules cordate, larger than leaflets .......................................... 111. Pisum
Only 1 genus: Cicer.
1a. Stamens monadelphous; anthers dimorphic; plants usually clothed with glandular and simple hairs 113. Ononis
1b. Stamens diadelphous; anthers uniform; plants not glandular hairy.
2a. Petals persisting in fruit; filaments dilated below anthers; pods included in calyx, indehiscent 18. Trifolium
2b. Petals not persisting in fruit; filaments not dilated; pods not included in calyx, dehiscent or tardily 2-valved.
3a. Leaves digitately 3-foliolate; flowers solitary or 23 in umbels; keel-petals acute 114. Parochetus
3b. Leaves pinnately 3-foliolate; flowers in racemes, umbels or heads, rarely flowers solitary; keel-petals obtuse.
4a. Flowers in slender racemes, pod nutlet-like indehiscent
or tardily 2-valved
................................................................................................................ 115.
Melilotus
4b. Flowers in short racemes, sometimes head-like or solitary; pods straight to coiled.
5a. Pods straight or curved, linear, long-beaked ......................................... 116. Trigonella
5b. Pods spirally coiled, rarely falcate to nearly straight, often prickly, short beaked 117. Medicago
1a. Perennial herbs; 4 upper calyx-lobes connate in pairs ...................................... 121. Lotononis
1b. Herbs, shrubs or subshrubs; calyx-lobs free or sometimes 2 upper ones connate.
2a. Pods inflated; leaves simple or 3-foliolate .................................................... 119. Crotalaria
2b. Pods more or less compressed; leaves 3-foliolate ......................................... 120. Priotropis
Only one genus: Eucheresta J. Benn.
1a. Stipules partially united and leaf-opposed ...................................................... 123. Piptanthus
1b. Stipules free from each other and not leaf-opposed.
2a. Evergreen shrubs; bracteoles 2 at middle of pedicel .......................... 124. Ammopiptanthus
2b. Perennial herbs; bracteoles absent ............................................................. 125. Thermopsis
1a. Herbs; leaves digitately 5-or more-foliolate ........................................................ 126. Lupinus
1b. Shrubs or trees; leaves simple, 3-foliolate or reduced to a scales.
2a. Small trees; leaves digitately 3-foliolate; pods with thickened sutures ............ 127. Laburnum
2b. Shubs; leaves simple, 3-foliolate, or reduced to a scales.
3a. Branchlets sharply spiny; leaves reduced to a scales ........................................... 131. Ulex
3b. Branchlets not spiny; leaves simple, or 3-foliolate, not reduced to a scales.
4a. Calyx subspathaceous; pods 69 cm ........................................................ 129. Spartium
4b. Calyx not spathaceous; pods 1.55 cm.
5a. Leaves digitately 3-foliolate or simple (upper part of plant); pods broad-linear or linear-lanceolate, 25 Χ 0.51 cm ....................................................................................... 128. Cytisus
5b. Leaves simple; pods linear, 1.52.5 Χ 0.30.4 cm .................................... 130. Genista