00. VICIA Linn., Sp. Pl. 734. 1753. [Draft]

野豌豆属  ye wan dou shu

Annual, biennial or perennial herbs; stem slender, wingless, much branched, climbing, rarely erect. Leaves paripinnate, tendril or mucro at apex, rarely imparipinnate; stipules entire or toothed, rare with glandular-punctate; leaflets (1)2–12 paired, entire. Flowers axillary, in racemes or solitary; bracts very small, often caducous; calyx nearly campanulate, equally or unequally toothed, somewhat hairy. Corolla purple or purple-red, rarely yellow or white; flag retuse at apex, with a claw at the base; wings free or coherent to keel. Stamens diadelphous. Ovary subsessile, 2–7 ovules; style hairy all round apex or bearded on the abaxial side. Pods usually compressed, dehiscent along sutures. Seeds 2–7, globose, compressed globose or kidney; hilum often elongate.

??Distribution.

1a.       Leaf tendril at apex.

2a.       Flower rachis long.

3a.       Flowers many, usually over 5.

4a.       Leaflets linear or narrowly lanceolate, length 5–10 times over width, flowers many, 10–40 in racemes; flag longer than keel.

5a.       Leaflets linear; lateral veins sparse; perennial herbs.

6a.       Stem climbing or trailing; leaflets acute at apex ....................................  1. V. cracca

6b.       Stem erect; leaflets obtuse at apex.

7a.       Leaflets small, 5–10 Χ 2.5–4 mm; racemes long, 15–30 cm .........  2. V. tenuifolia

7b.       Leaflets large, 23–43 Χ 5–8 mm; racemes short, 14–15 cm .............  3. V. lilacina

5b.       Leaflets oblong or lanceolate, rarely linear; lateral veins dense; annual or biennial herbs.

8a.       Plant glabrous or puberulous.

9a.       Flowers large, ca. 15 mm; racemes equal to leaf.

10a.     Stipules small, 5–8 mm; leaflets linear or linear-lanceolate, large, 2–3.5 cm  4. V. megalotropis

10b.     Stipules large, 7–12 mm; leaflets oblong or sublanceolate, small, 1.5–2 cm  5. V. varia

9b.       Flowers small, ca. 11 mm; racemes obviously over leaf.

11a.     Paripinnate small, 5–8 cm; leaflets elliptic to narrowly oblong; flowers large, ca. 12 mm     6. V. longicuspis

11b.     Paripinnate large, 10–15 cm; leaflets obovate or oblong; flowers small, ca. 9 mm  7. V. backeri

8b.       Plant villous or sericeous; flowers purple, light blue or purple-blue .......  8. V. villosa

4b.       Leaflets elliptic, ovate or lanceolate, length 2.5–5 times over width, flowers few, 5–15 in racemes; flag equal to keel.

12a.     Stipules large, over 10 mm; flowers over 10 mm; racemes over leaf.

13a.     Leaflets large, (2–)3–6(–10) cm, rounded or acuminate at apex
.................................................................................................  9. V. pseudorobus

13b.     Leaflets small, 1.3–4 cm, rounded and retuse at apex ......................  10. V. amoena

12b.     Stipules small, less than 10 mm.

14a.     Flowers purple, blue-purple or red.

15a.     Veins of leaflets dense, obvious and lateral veins horizontal.

16a.     Leaflets narrow, oblong; flowers 4–15, sparse.

17a.     Stipules triangular, many toothed; racemes longer than leaf; flowers 10–20 mm  11. V. tibetica

17b.     Stipules small, bifid; racemes subequal to leaf; flowers 10–11 mm
...........................................................................................  12. V. perelegans

16b.     Leaflets broad, elliptic or oblong-ovate, flowers 15–30, dense
                                                                                                13. V. amurensis

15b.     Veins of leaflets sparse and lateral up forward.

18a.     Bracteole exist; racemes shorter than leaf ........................  14. V. latibracteolata

18b.     Bracteole absent; racemes equal or longer than leaf.

19a.     Leaflets linear-oblong; racemes longer than leaf; flowers 13–17 mm
...........................................................................................  15. V. multicaulis

19b.     Leaflets elliptic or ovate-lanceolate; racemes equal leaf; flowers 10–14 mm.

20a.     Leaflets elliptic or oval, 6–14 mm wide ................................  16. V. japonica

20b.     Leaflets ovate-lanceolate, 4–7 mm wide ..............................  17. V. chinensis

14b.     Flowers yellow or white.

21a.     Plant high, white hairy; flowers small ...........................................  19. V. gigantea

21b.     Plant puberulous or glabrous; flowers large.

22a.     Leaflets large, 15–50 Χ 6–15 mm.

23a.     Flowers yellow; racemes equal or longer than leaf.

24a.     Stipules imparted; flower rachis slender .................................  20. V. taipaica

24b.     Stipules parted; flower rachis strong and straight.

25a.     Flowers yellow, 20–25 in racemes ...............................  21. V. dichroantha

25b.     Flowers blue-yellow, 15–20 in racemes ...............................  22. V. ternata

23b.     Flowers white; racemes branched, shorter than leaf .............  23. V. wushanica

22b.     Leaflets small, 6–15 Χ 2–5 mm.

26a.     Flowers yellow; racemes equal or slightly longer than leaf; leaflets elliptic (Guangxi) .....  24. V. nummularia

26b.     Flowers white or light yellow; racemes longer than leaf; leaflets broadly lanceolate or elliptic (Xinjiang) .................................................................................  25. V. custata

3b.       Flowers few, 1–4(–7).

27a.     Flowers large, 10–25 mm.

28a.     Leaflets 2–5 paired.

29a.     Perennial herbs; leaflets linear ...................................................  33. V. geminiflora

29b.     Annual or biennial herbs; leaflets oblong or narrowly obovate-oblong
........................................................................................................  36. V. bungei

28b.     Leaflets 8–11 paired.

30a.     Leaflets narrowly lanceolate; flowers purple .................................  34. V. multijuga

30b.     Leaflets oblong; flowers blue ........................................................  35. V. tetrantha

27b.     Flowers small, less 7 mm.

31a.     Pods glabrous; flowers ca. 3 mm ................................................  37. V. tetrasperma

31b.     Pods longly rigid hairy; flowers 3–5 mm ..............................................  38. V. hirsuta

2b.       Flower rachis very short or subsessile.

32a.     Perennial herbs; leaflets narrowly ovate ...................................................  39. V. sepium

32b.     Annual or biennial herbs.

33a.     Plants densely brown villous; pods densely brown villous .................  40. V. pannonica

33b.     Plants slightly pubescent; pods glabrous or puberulous.

34a.     Leaflets oval or cordate; flowers 18–30 mm .........................................  41. V. sativa

34b.     Leaflets linear or linear-oblong; flowers 10–18 mm .....................  42. V. angustifolia

1b.       Leaf spiny or mucro at apex.

35a.     Flowers rachis long.

36a.     Leaflets 2–4 paired.

37a.     Racemes unbranched.

38a.     Bracteole persistent at the base of pedicel .....................................  26. V. kulingiana

38b.     Bracteole absent or caducous.

39a.     Stem zigzag; stipules 3–6 mm, hastate ..............................................  27. V. deflexa

39b.     Stem slender and straight; stipules 10–15 mm, ovate ............  28. V. chianshanensis

37b.     Racemes branched.

40a.     Leaflets linear to narrowly lanceolate; stipule 10–16 mm .....................  29. V. venusa

40b.     Leaflets ovate to elliptic ...............................................................  30. V. ramuliflora

36b.     Leaflets 1 paired.

41a.     Racemes longer than leaf; calyx glabrescent; leaflets ovate-lanceolate
............................................................................................................  31. V. unijuga

41b.     Racemes short to capitate; calyx villous; leaflets broadly ovate or rhomboid
..........................................................................................................  32. V. ohwiana

35b.     Flowers rachis very short to nearly absent ......................................................  43. V. faba

1. Vicia cracca Linn. Sp. Pl. 2: 735. 1753.

广布野豌豆  guang bu ye wan dou

Perennial herbs, 40–150 cm high; root slender, much branched; stem climbing, hairy or glabrescent. Leaves paripinnate; tendril 2–3 branched; stipules semi hastate; leaflets 5–12 paired, linear, oblong or lanceolate-linear, 11–30 Χ 2–4 mm, entire, acute or rounded, with a mucro at apex, veins sparse and unobvious. Racemes subequal leaf; flowers many, 10–40; calyx campanulate, 5 toothed. Corolla purple, blue-purple or purple-red, 8–15 mm; flag oblong, equal wings and longer than keels. Ovary stalked, 4–7 ovules; style hairy on upper. Pods oblong or oblong-rhomboid, 2–2.5 Χ 0.5 cm, beaked at apex. Seeds 3–6. Fl and fr. May–Sep.

Grassland, forest sides, hill slopes or bush-wood. ??Distribution.

1a. Plant glabrescent ..................................................................................................  1a. var. cracca

1b. Plant densely villous, gray-white .....................................................................  1b. var. cranescens

1a. Vicia cracca var. cracca

广布野豌豆(原变种)  guang bu ye wan dou (yuan bian zhong)

Plants glabrescent. Leaflets linear, oblong or lanceolate-linear.

Grassland, forest sides, hill slopes or bush-wood. ??Distribution.

1b. Vicia cracca var. canescens Maxim. ex Franch. & Sav. Enum. Pl. Jap. 1: 104. 1874.

灰野豌豆  hui ye wan dou

Plants densely villous, gray-white.

Grasslands in forest or bush-wood. Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning or Shaanxi [??Japan, ??elsewhere].

2. Vicia tenuifolia Roth, Tent. Fl. Germ. 1: 309. 1788.

细叶野豌豆  xi ye ye wan dou

Vicia cracca Linn. subsp. tenuifolia (Roth) Gaudin.

Perennial herbs, to 100 cm high; stem strong, erect, puberulous. Leaves paripinnate; tendril 2–3 branched; stipules semi hastate, bifid; leaflets 6–13 paired, linear, linear-lanceolate, 5–10 Χ 2.5–4 mm, obtuse with a mucro at apex, entire, subleathery, glabrous adaxial, white hairy abaxial; lateral veins sparse. Racemes 15–30 cm, densely hairy; flowers many, 20–30; calyx shortly campanulate, toothed. Corolla purple, rarely white, ca. 1.5 cm; flag oblong, ca. 14 Χ 4 mm, equal wings and longer than keels. Ovary linear, 5–9 ovules; Pods oblong-lanceolate, 18–30 Χ 3–7 mm, acuminate at ends. Seeds 4–7. Fl and fr. Jun–Sep.

Drought grasslands, slopes and forests. Xinjiang. [Europe, Japan, Russia].

3. Vicia lilacina Ledeb. Fl. Alt. 3: 348. 1831.

阿尔泰野豌豆  a er tai ye wan dou

Vicia cracca Linn. f. var. lilactina (Ledeb.) Kryl.

Perennial herbs, 50–100 cm high; stem erect, white puberulous. Leaves paripinnate 13–14 cm; tendril 2–3 branched; stipules semi hastate, bifid; leaflets 6–7 paired, 23–43 Χ 5–8 mm, acuminate or obtuse at apex, with a mucro; veins unobvious. Racemes 14–15 cm; flowers 14–15, sparse; calyx campanulate, toothed, hairy at outside. Corolla blue-purple; flag violin-shaped, 1.1–1.2 cm; wings subequal to flag, with claw and auriculate; keels ca. 1 cm. Ovary fusiform, glabrescent, 8 ovules; style hairy at upper. Fl and fr. Jun–Sep.

* Xinjiang.

4. Vicia megalotropis Ledeb. Fl. Alt. 3: 334. 1831.

大龙骨野豌豆  da long gu ye wan dou

Vicia megalotropis Ledeb. f. stenophylla Franch.; V. megalotropis Ledeb. var. stenophylla (Franch.) Wang & Tang.

Erect herbs, 50–80 cm high; Leaves paripinnate; tendril branched, 1–3 cm; stipules semi hastate or lanceolate, 5–8 mm, 1–2 toothed at the lower part; leaflets 7–12 paired, lanceolate to linear-lanceolate, 2–3.5(–4) Χ 1.5–4(–6) mm, acute or obtuse, adnate hairy; lateral veins dense. Racemes subequal leaf; flowers 10–20, dense; calyx campanulate, toothed, lower one longer. Corolla purple-red, 12–15 mm; flag longer than wings and keels. Pods rhomboid or oblong, 2–2.5 Χ 0.5 cm. Seeds 3–6. Fl and fr. Mar–Jul.

Rocky or sand land. NW and N of China, Sichuan. [Russia]

5. Vicia varia Host, Fl. Austr. 2: 332. 1831.

欧洲苕子  ou zhou tiao zi

Vicia villosa subsp. varia (Host) Corb.

Annual or biennial herbs, 50–130 cm high, puberulous; stem slender and long, much branched. Leaves paripinnate, 3–6 cm, tendril at apex; stipules lanceolate to semi truncate, 7–12 mm; leaflets 4–12 paired, oblong or nearly lanceolate, 12–20 Χ 5–7 mm, acute or obtuse and with mucro at apex; lateral veins dense. Racemes usually shorter or equal leaf. flowers 10–30; calyx oblique-campanulate, unequal toothed. Corolla light red, purple-blue or light blue, rarely white, 10–18 mm; flag linear. Pods oblong, 2–4 Χ 0.4–1.2 cm. Seeds 2–6, oblate-globose. Fl. and fr. Jun–Aug.

Farms, bush-woods or roadsides. Taiwan [Europe, America]

6. Vicia longicuspis Xia, Acta. Phyt. Sin. 34(4): 431. 1996.

长齿野豌豆  chang chi ye wan dou

Perennial herbs, 30–70 cm high, villous; stem erect. Leaves paripinnate, 5–8 cm; tendril 2–3 branched; stipules triangular-hastate, 6–10 mm, 3–4 toothed at margin; leaflets 5–9 paired, elliptic to narrowly oblong, 14–18 Χ 4–6 mm, obtuse and with mucro at apex, thickening at margin, villous on both surfaces; veins obvious. Racemes unbranched, 6–10 cm, obviously longer than leaf. flowers 8–14; calyx oblique-campanulate, 3–5 mm. Corolla light purple; flag oblong, 11–12 Χ 4–6 mm, subequal wings and longer than keels. Ovary nearly fusiform, ca. 5 mm, 4–6 ovules; style hairy around upper part. Fl. May–Jul.

* Bush-woods or forests of hill slopes. 3200–3600 m. Sichuan.

7. Vicia bakeri Ali., Bot. Notiser. 20, 52. 1967.

察隅野豌豆  cha yu ye wan dou

Annual herbs, 60–80 cm high; stem puberulous. Leaves paripinnate, 10–15 cm; tendril branched; stipules semi triangular, 2–4 Χ 6–10 mm, 3–4 toothed; leaflets 7–11 paired, obovate or oblong, membranous, 16–25 Χ 5–7 mm, obtuse or truncate, and with mucro at apex, hairy abaxial; lateral veins dense. Racemes subequal leaf, 10–14 cm; flowers 10–14; calyx campanulate, unequal toothed. Corolla purple; flag oblong, ca. 11 Χ 4 mm, subequal wings and longer than keels. Ovary fusiform, 4 ovules; style hairy around upper part. Pods linear, 40–42 Χ 8–9 mm, glabrous. Seeds 3–4. Fl. and fr. Jul–Sep.

Hill slopes, roadsides and grassland; 3100–3400 m. Sichuan, Xizang [India, Nepal, Pakistan].

8. Vicia villosa Roth, Tent. Fl. Germ. 2(2): 182. 1793.

长柔毛野豌豆  chang rou mao ye wan dou

Annual herbs, climbing, 30–150 cm, villous; stem much branched. Leaves paripinnate; tendril 2–3 branched; stipules lanceolate or bifid to semi hastate; leaflets 5–10 paired, oblong, lanceolate to linear, 10–30 Χ 3–7 mm, acuminate and with mucro at apex; veins unobvious. Racemes axillary, subequal leaf or slightly longer than leaf; flowers 10–20; calyx oblique-campanulate, 5 unequal toothed. Corolla purple, light purple or purple-blue; flag oblong, constricted at middle, ca. 5 mm; wings shorter than flag and longer than keels. Pods oblong-rhomboid, 24–40 Χ 7–12 mm, beaked at apex. Seeds 2–8, global, ca. 3 mm in diam. Fl. and fr. Apr–Oct.

NE, NW, N, SW of China and Guangdong, Hunan, Jiangsu, Shandong [C of Asia, Europe].

9. Vicia pseudorobus Fisch. & C. A. Mey, Index Sem. Hort. Bot. Petrop. 1: 41. 1835.

大叶野豌豆  da ye ye wan dou

Perennial herbs, 50–150(–200) cm; stem erect or climbing, green or yellow with black-brown spots, puberulous when young. Leaves paripinnate, 2–17 cm; tendril very developed, 2–3 branched; stipules hastate, 8–15 mm, toothed; leaflets 2–5 paired, ovate, elliptic or oblong-lanceolate, (2)3–6(–10) Χ 1.2–2.5 cm, membranous, obtuse or acuminate and with mucro at apex, pilose abaxial; veins obvious. Racemes unbranched, longer than leaf, 5–18 cm; flowers 15–30; calyx oblique-campanulate, shortly toothed. Corolla purple or blue-purple, 1–2 cm; flag subequal to wings and keels. Ovary glabrous, 2–6 ovules; style hairy around upper part. Pods oblong, flat, 20–30 Χ 6–8 mm, brown-yellow. Seeds 2–6. Fl. Jun–Sep. and fr. Aug–Oct.

Hill slopes, bush-woods and forest; 800–2000 m. NE, N, NW, SW of China [Japan, Korea, Mongolia, Russia].

1a. Corolla purple or blue-purple.

2a. Racemes long, unbranched ........................................................................  9a. f. pseudorobus

2b. Racemes shorten, branched ........................................................................  9b. f. breviramea

1b. Corolla white ........................................................................................................  9c. f. albiflora

9a. Vicia pseudorobus f. pseudorobus

大叶野豌豆(原变种)  da ye ye wan dou (yuan bian zhong)

Perennial herbs; leaflets 2–5 paired, ovate, elliptic or oblong-lanceolate; racemes longer than leaf, unbranched; flowers purple or blue-purple.

Hill slopes, bush-woods and forest; 800–2000 m. NE, N, NW, SW of China [Japan, Korea, Mongolia, Russia].

9b. Vicia pseudorobus f. breviramea P. Y. Fu & Y. A. Chen, Fl. Pl. Herb. Chin. Bot. 5: 136, 177. t. 59: 10. 1976.

短序大野豌豆  duan xu da ye wan dou

Perennial herbs; racemes very short, branched; flowers purple or blue-purple.

* Hill slopes. Heilongjiang, Jilin.

9c. Vicia pseudorobus f. albiflora (Nakai) P. Y. Fu & Y. A. Chen, Fl. Pl. Herb. Chin. Bot. 5: 136, 177. 1976.

白花大野豌豆  bai hua da ye wan dou

Vicia pseudorobus Fisch. & C. A. Mey. var. albiflora Nakai, Bot. Mag. Tokyo. 37: 17. 1923.

Perennial herbs; racemes longer than leaf, unbranched; flowers white.

* Forest sides. Jilin.

10. Vicia amoena Fisch. ex DC. Prodr. 2: 355. 1825.

山野豌豆  shan ye wan dou

Vicia amoena var. oblongifolia Regel; V. amoena var. angusta Freyn; V. amoena var. macrophylla Litw. ex B. Festsch.

Perennial herbs, 30–100 cm high, pilose; stem much branched, slender. Leaves paripinnate, 5–12 cm, subsessile; tendril 2–3 branched; stipules semi hastate, 8–20 mm, 3–4 toothed at margin; leaflets 4–7 paired, elliptic to ovate-lanceolate, 13–40 Χ 5–18 mm, obtuse and retuse at apex, adnate villous adaxial, lateral veins obvious. Racemes usually longer than leaf; flowers 10–20(–30), dense; calyx oblique-campanulate, unequal toothed. Corolla red-purple, blue-purple or blue; flag obovate, 10–16 Χ 5–6 mm, subequal wings and longer than keels. Ovary glabrous, 6 ovules; style hairy around upper part. Pods oblong, 18–28 Χ 4–6 mm, acuminate at the ends, glabrous. Seeds 1–6. Fl. Apr–Jun, fr. Jul–Oct.

Grassland, hill slopes and forests; 80–2500 m. NE, N of China, Anhui, Gansu, Hubei, Jiangsu, Ningxia, Shaanxi. [Japan, Korea, Mongolia, Russia].

1a. Flowers red-purple, blue-purple or blue.

2a. Leaflets elliptic to ovate-lanceolate.

3a. Leaves large; plant villous .....................................................................  10a. var. amoena

3b. Leaves small; plant and leaflets densely adnate sericeous .........................  10b. var. sericea

2b. Leaflets narrow, oblong or lanceolate ...................................................  10c. var. oblongifolia

1b. Flowers white .................................................................................................  10d. var. albiflora

10a. Vicia amoena var. amoena

山野豌豆(原变种)  shan ye wan dou (yuan bian zhong)

Plants pilose; leafs paripinnate, 5–12 cm; leaflets elliptic or ovate-lanceolate; flowers red-purple or blue.

Grassland, hill slopes and forests; 80–2500 m. NE, N of China, Anhui, Gansu, Hubei, Jiangsu, Ningxia, Shaanxi [Japan, Korea, Mongolia, Russia].

10b. Vicia amoena var. varsericea Kitag., Rep. Inst. Res. Mansh. 4: 83, t. 3: 1, 1940.

绢毛山野豌豆  juan mao shan ye wan dou

Plant densely adnate sericeous; leaves paripinnate, small; leaflets elliptic or ovate-lanceolate densely adnate sericeous; flowers red-purple or blue.

* Hill slopes and bush-wood; 600–1700 m. N of China, Gansu, Jilin, Liaoning, Shaanxi.

10c. Vicia amoena var. oblongifolia Regel, Tent. Fl. Ussur. n: 192. 1961.

狭叶山野豌豆  xia ye shan ye wan dou

Leaves paripinnate, 5–12 cm; leaflets narrow, oblong or lanceolate; flowers red-purple or blue.

* River banks, hill slopes or forest sides. NE, N, NW of China.

10d. Vicia amoena var. albiflora P. Y. Fu & Y. A. Chen, Fl. Pl. Herb. Chin. Bot. 5: 138, 1976.

白花山野豌豆  bai hua shan ye wan dou

Plants densely white sericeous; leaflets elliptic to ovate-lanceolate; flowers white.

* Liaoning.

11. Vicia tibetica Prain ex C. A. C. Fisch., Kew. Bull. 285. 1938.

西藏野豌豆  xi zang ye wan dou

Perennial herbs, 10–250 cm high; stem branched, puberulous or glabrescent. Leaves paripinnate, 4–7 cm; tendril 2–3 branched; stipules triangular, 3–5 toothed; leaflets 3–6 paired, oblong, 12–18 Χ 4–6 mm, obtuse and with mucro at apex; veins dense, raised on both surfaces. Racemes 6–7.5 cm; flowers 4–13; calyx oblique-campanulate, ca. 6 mm, unequal toothed. Corolla red, purple-red or light blue; flag ca. 11 Χ 4 mm, constricted at the middle; subequal wings and longer than keels. Ovary fusiform, ca. 3 mm, 2–6 ovules; style short, hairy at apex. Pods flat, oblong, ca. 2.1 cm, smooth. Seeds 1–4, oblong. Fl. and fr. May–Aug.

* Grassland, hill slopes and forests; 2000–4300 m. Sichuan, Xizang.

12. Vicia perelegans K. T. Fu, Fl. Tsin, 1(3): 93. f. 73. 1981.

精致野豌豆  jing zhi ye wan dou

Perennial herbs, 20–40 cm high, pilose; stem much branched, puberulous. Leaves paripinnate, 2–6 cm; tendril 2–3 branched; stipules bifid; leaflets 5–8 paired, subleathery, narrowly oblong or narrowly ovate-elliptic, 5–17 Χ 3–5 mm, truncate or rotund and with mucro at apex; lateral veins 8–15 paired, hairy along main vein abaxial; petiolule ca. 1 mm. Racemes subequal leaf, 4–7 cm; flowers 7–10, sparse, pedicel hairy; calyx oblique-campanulate, ca. 4 mm, pilose. Corolla purple or blue, 10–11 mm; flag oblong or narrowly obovate, ca. 10 Χ 4 mm, retuse at apex; wings slightly shorter than flag; keels longer than flag. Ovary glabrous, 4–5 ovules; style hairy around upper part. Pods oblong, ca. 25 Χ 7 mm, acute at the ends. Seeds 2–3. Fl. Apr–May, fr. Jul–Oct.

* Valley, hill slopes and grasslands; 850–1200 m. Gansu, Shaanxi, Sichuan.

13. Vicia amuransis Oett., Act. Hort. Bot. Univ. Jurjev. 6: 143. 1905.

黑龙江野豌豆  hei long jiang ye wan dou

Vicia japonica A. Gray var. pratensis Kom; V. japonica var. silvatica Kom; V. ussuriensis Oett; V. amuransis var. pratensi (Kom) Hara; V. pallida var. pratensis (Kom) Nakai.

Perennial herbs, 50–100 cm high, glabrescent; stem climbing. Leaves paripinnate, 5–15 cm, subsessile; tendril 2–3 branched; stipules semi hastate, bifid, 3–5 toothed; leaflets 3–6 paired, elliptic to oblong-ovate, 1.6–3 Χ 0.9–1.6 cm, retuse at apex, entire, puberulous then falling off; lateral veins dense. Racemes subequal leaf; flowers 15–30; calyx oblique-campanulate, unequal toothed. Corolla blue-purple or white rarely purple; flag oblong or nearly obovate, ca. 10 Χ 6 mm, subequal wings and longer than keels. Ovary glabrous, 1–6 ovules. Pods rhomboid or suboblong, 1.5–2.5 cm. Seeds 1–5. Fl. Jun–Aug, fr. Aug–Sep.

Grassland, hill slopes and forests; 450 m. NE of China, Nei Mongol, Shanxi. [Japan, Korea, Mongolia, Russia].

1a. Corolla blue-purple, rarely purple ..................................................................  13a. var. amuransis

1b. Corolla white .........................................................................................................  13b. var. alba

13a. Vicia amuransis var. amuransis

黑龙江野豌豆(原变种)  hei long jiang ye wan dou (yuan bian zhong)

Leaflets 3–6 paired, elliptic to oblong-ovate; corolla blue-purple, rarely purple.

Grassland, hill slopes and forests; 450 m. NE of China, Nei Mongol, Shanxi. [Japan, Korea, Mongolia, Russia].

13b. Vicia amuransis var. alba Ohasi & Tateishi, Journ. Jap. Bot. 52(1): 106. 1977.

三河野豌豆  san he ye wan dou

Vicia amuransis Oett. f. senheensis Y. Q. Jiang & S. M. Fu.

Corolla white.

* Hill slopes or forest sides. Heilongjiang, Nei Mongol.

14. Vicia latibracteolata K. T. Fu, Fl. Tsin. 1(3): 449 (Add.), 92. f. 72. 1981.

宽苞野豌豆  kuan bao ye wan dou

Vicia pallida H. W. Kung; V. latibracteolata var. acerosa K. T. Fu.

Perennial herbs, 60–120 cm high; stem erect, less branched, pilose. Leaves paripinnate, 9–11 cm; tendril 2–3 branched; stipules semi hastate, rhomboid to lanceolate, bifid, 5–12 mm; leaflets usually 9 paired, linear-lanceolate, ovate-lanceolate or oblong, 12–27 Χ 7–11 mm, acuminate or rounded and mucro at apex; lateral veins 9–13 paired joined at margin. Racemes obviously shorter than leaf, 6–10 cm; flowers 10–20, large, dense; calyx subcampanulate, unequal toothed, pilose. Corolla purple, purple-red or light purple with some pink; flag oblong, ca. 14 Χ 5 mm; wings subequal flag, claw slender; keels short. Ovary linear, 5 mm, glabrous, 6 ovules; style hairy around upper part. Pods narrowly oblong, 2–2.5 cm, beaked at the apex. Seeds 3–6. Fl. and fr. Jun–Aug.

* Grassland or hill slopes; 900–2800 m. Gansu, Henan, Ningxia, Shaanxi.

15. Vicia multicaulis Ledeb. Fl. Alt. 3: 345. 1831.

多茎野豌豆  duo jing ye wan dou

Perennial herbs, 10–50 cm high; stem much branched, puberulous or glabrescent. Leaves paripinnate; tendril unbranched or branched; stipules semi hastate, 3–6 mm; leaflets 4–8 paired, oblong to linear, 1–2 Χ 0.3 cm, with mucro at apex, entire; lateral veins very obvious, pilose abaxial. Racemes longer than leaf; flowers 14–15; calyx campanulate, 5 unequal toothed. Corolla purple or blue-purple; flag oblong-obovate, constricted at the middle, longer than wings and keels. Ovary linear; style hairy around upper part. Pods flat, 3–3.5 cm, beaked at apex. Seeds oblate spheroidal, dark brown. Fl. and fr. Jun–Sep.

Grassland, sand land and bush-wood. NE of China, Nei Mongol, Xinjiang [Japan, Mongolia, Russia].

16. Vicia japonica A. Gray, Mem. Amer. Acad. Sci. 385. 1859.

东方野豌豆  dong fang ye wan dou

Vicia pallida Turcz; V. japonica var. laxiracemis Ohwi; Ervum amoenum var. pallida Trautv.

Perennial herbs, 60–120 cm high; stem climbing or stoloniferous, yellow-white hairy then falling off. Leaves paripinnate, 5–15 cm; tendril 2–3 branched; stipules linear or linear-lanceolate, 5–7 Χ 1 mm, toothed; leaflets 5–8 paired, elliptic oval longly ovate, 1–3 Χ 0.6–1.4 cm, obtuse, retuse and with mucro at apex, glabrous adaxial, puberulous abaxial; lateral veins 7–9 paired, sparse. Racemes subequal or slightly longer than leaf, villous; flowers 7–15; calyx campanulate, villous, unequal toothed. Corolla blue or purple; flag oblong, retuse at apex, 1–1.4 cm, subequal wings and longer than keels. Ovary linear, 6–12 mm, 2–7 ovules; style hairy around upper part. Pods oblong-rhomboid, 15–25 mm, beaked at apex. Seeds 1–3, oblate spheroidal. Fl. and fr. Jun–Sep.

Valley, hill slopes and forest sides. 600–3700 m. NE, N and NW of China [Japan, Korea, Russia].

17. Vicia chinensis Franch., Pl. Delav. 1: 177. 1980.

华野豌豆  hua ye wan dou

Perennial twining herbs, 1.5–2 m high; stem slender, branched from base, sparsely pilose or glabrescent. Leaves paripinnate, 12–16 cm, subsessile; tendril 2–3 branched; stipules semi hastate, bifid, entire or toothed; leaflets 4–6 paired, leathery, ovate-lanceolate, 10–20(–30) Χ 4–7 mm, obtuse or retuse and with mucro at apex, sparsely villous adaxial. Racemes longer or subequal leaf, ca. 10 cm, rarely to 17 cm, puberulous; flowers 6–18; calyx nearly campanulate, unequally short toothed. Corolla blue-purple to purple-red; flag slightly longer than keels. Ovary stalk ca. 4 mm, 3–6 ovules. Pods fusiform, 2.8–3.7 cm, glabrous. Seeds 2–3. Fl. and fr. Jun–Aug.

* Bush-woods in valley; 1400–2000 m. Hubei, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan.

18. Vicia kioshanica Bailey. Gentes Herb. 1: 32. 1920.

确山野豌豆  que shan ye wan dou

Perennial herbs, 20–80 cm high; stem much branched. Leaves paripinnate; tendril unbranched or branched; stipules semi hastate, bifid, toothed at margin; leaflets 3–7 paired, leathery, oblong or linear, 1.2–4 Χ 0.5–1.3 cm, rounded or acuminate and with mucro at apex, densely villous adaxial; lateral veins 10 paired and dense. Racemes to 20 cm, curved, obviously longer than leaf; flowers 6–16(–20), sparse; calyx campanulate, pilose and toothed. Corolla purple or purple-red, 7–14 mm; flag oblong, 10–11 Χ 6 mm, subequal wings and longer than keels. Ovary linear, stalked, 3–4 ovules; style hairy around upper part. Pods rhomboid or oblong, 2–2.5 cm, dark brown. Seeds 1–4. Fl. Apr–Jun, fr. Jun–Sep.

* Hill slopes, valley, farm, roadsides; 100–1000 m. Anhui, Gansu, Hebei, Henan, Hubei, Jiangsu, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Zhejiang.

19. Vicia gigantea Bunge, Mem. Acad. Sci. St.-Petersb. Sav. Etrang. 2: 93. 1835.

大野豌豆  da ye wan dou

Perennial herbs, 40–100 cm high; stem much branched, white hairy. Leaves paripinnate; tendril 2–3 branched or unbranched; stipules bifid; leaflets 3–6 paired, elliptic or ovate, 15–30 Χ 7–17 mm, obtuse and with mucro at apex, pilose on both surfaces; lateral veins 7–8 paired. Racemes longer than leaf; flowers 6–16, sparse; calyx campanulate, 2–2.5 mm, toothed, hairy. Corolla white, pink or purple, small, ca. 6 mm; flag obovate, ca. 7 mm, retuse at apex, subequal wings and longer than keels. Ovary glabrous, longly stalked, 2–3 ovules; style hairy around upper part. Pods oblong or rhomboid, 10–20 Χ 4–5 mm, acute at the ends. Seeds 2–3, kidney. Fl. Jun–Jul, fr. Aug–Oct.

* Grassland, bush-wood and forests; 600–2900 m. N of China, Gansu, Henan, Hubei, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan.

20. Vicia taipaica K. T. Fu, Fl. Tsin. 1(3): 92. t. 71. 1981.

太白野豌豆  tai bai ye wan dou

Perennial herbs, 60–100 cm high, glabrous; stem thick. Leaves paripinnate, 7–16 cm; tendril 3–4 branched; stipules 5–9 mm, imparted; leaflets 3–5 paired, elliptic to ovate-oblong, 1.5–5 Χ 0.6–1.5 cm, obtuse with mucro at apex, papery; lateral veins 8–15 paired. Racemes longer than leaf; flowers 5–15, sparse, ca. 1 cm; calyx oblique-campanulate, unequally short toothed. Corolla yellow or brown-yellow; flag narrowly obovate-oblong, ca. 1.3 cm, retuse at apex, constricted at middle; wings and keels ca. 1 cm. Ovary longly stalked, 6–7 ovules; style densely hairy around upper part. Pods oblong-rhomboid, 20–30 Χ 5 mm. Seeds 2–5, oblong. Fl. and fr. Jul–Oct.

* Valley, hill slopes and forests; 1100–2000 m. Shaanxi.

21. Vicia dichroantha Diels, Not. Bot. Gard. Edinb. 5: 246. 1913.

二色野豌豆  er se ye wan dou

Perennial twining herbs, 60–200 cm high; stem erect, pilose. Leaves paripinnate, 8–12 cm, tendril at apex; stipules fan-shaped or lanceolate, 2–3 toothed; leaflets 4–6 paired, alternate, papery, narrowly oblong-lanceolate to lanceolate, 25–50 Χ 6–9 mm, rounded or acuminate and with mucro at apex; lateral veins 7–8 paired, densely hairy along petiole. Racemes axillary, obviously longer than leaf, 6–16 cm; flowers 20–25; calyx oblique-campanulate, hairy, 5 toothed. Corolla yellow or dark yellow; flag oblong, 7–12 Χ 5 mm, subequal wings; keels slightly shorter than wings. Ovary stalked, 4–6 ovules; style hairy around upper part. Pods falcate, 35–40 Χ 7–9 mm, stalked. Seeds 2–4, oblate spheroidal. Fl. and fr. May–Sep.

* Grassland, bush-woods and river banks; 1600–3600 m. Sichuan, Yunnan.

22. Vicia ternata Xia, Acta. Phytotax. Sin. 34(4): 425. 1996.

三尖野豌豆  san jian ye wan dou

Perennial herbs, 60–80 cm high, hairy; stem less branched. Leaves paripinnate, 7–11 cm; tendril 2–3 branched; stipules hastate, 3–4 toothed, bifid upper part; leaflets 3–7 paired, elliptic to oblong, 13–23 Χ 8–10 mm, truncate, 3–4 toothed and with mucro at apex, hairy on both surfaces when young; lateral veins dense but unobvious. Racemes obviously longer than leaf; flowers 15–20; calyx oblique-campanulate, 5–7 mm, unequal toothed, villous. Corolla blue; flag oblong, 10–12 Χ 5–6 mm, subequal wings and longer than keels. Ovary linear, ca. 5 mm, 6 ovules, shortly stalked; pods linear, 20–25 Χ 6 mm, brown, subleathery Seeds 2–3, terete. Fl. May–Jun, fr. Jul–Aug.

* Bush-woods and forests; 2500–2900 m. Sichuan.

23. Vicia wushanica Jria, Acta. Phytotax. Sin. 34(4): 430. 1996.

五山野豌豆  wu shan ye wan dou

Perennial herbs, 60–70 cm high; stem erect or climbing, less branched. Leaves paripinnate, to 15 cm; tendril branched; stipules hastate or lanceolate, 3–5 Χ 2–5 mm, unequally toothed at margin; leaflets 6–10 paired, oblong-lanceolate, 17–27 Χ 5–8 mm, acuminate with mucro at apex, entire, puberulous; lateral veins unobvious. Racemes branched from base, 3–4.5 cm, obviously shorter than leaf; flowers 6–10, large, 15–17 Χ 4 mm; calyx nearly campanulate, unequally toothed, hairy. Corolla white with purple-blue finely veins; flag oblong, ca. 13 Χ 6 mm, claw short; wings auriculate, subequal flag; keels shorter. Ovary linear, ca. 5 mm, stalked, 5 ovules; style hairy around upper part. Fl. May.

* Hill slopes; 1600 m. Gansu.

24. Vicia nummula Jria Hand.-Mazz., Symb. Sin. 557. t. 9: 4. 1933.

西南野豌豆  xi nan ye wan dou

Perennial herbs, 15–50(–80) cm high, pilose; stem much branched, pilose. Leaves paripinnate, 3.5–8 cm; tendril slender and branched; stipules semi hastate, 2–4 toothed; leaflets 2–7 paired, elliptic, 4–13(–20) Χ 2–6 mm, obtuse or truncate and with mucro at apex, sparsely papilliferous adaxial, densely hairy abaxial; lateral veins obvious, 7–12 paired. Racemes 2–4 cm; flowers 6–9(–12); calyx campanulate, toothed. Corolla yellow; flag ca. 9 mm, retuse at apex, subequal wings and keels. Ovary glabrous, linear, 2–6 ovules, shortly stalked; style hairy around upper part. Pods oblong-rhomboid, 20–25 Χ 4–7 mm, acute at the ends. Seeds 2–4. Fl. Jun–Sep, fr. Jul–Oct.

* River banks; 2000–2300 m. Gansu, Sichuan, Yunnan.

25. Vicia costata Ledeb. Icon. Pl. Fl. Ross. 2: 7. 108. 1830.

新疆野豌豆  xin jiang ye wan dou

Vicia sinkiangensis H. W. Kung.

Perennial climbing herbs, 20–80 cm high; stem suberect, much branched, puberulous or glabrescent. Leaves paripinnate tendril at apex; stipules semi hastate, veins raised on both surfaces; leaflets 3–8 paired, oblong-lanceolate or elliptic, 6–18(–34) Χ 1–5 mm, obtuse or acute and with mucro at apex, glabrous adaxial, pilose abaxial; lateral veins obvious. Racemes obviously longer than leaf; flowers 3–11; calyx campanulate, pilose or glabrescent, unequally toothed. Corolla yellow, light yellow or white; flag obovate, retuse at apex, constricted at middle, subequal wings and longer than keels. Ovary linear, 1–5 ovules; style hairy around upper part. Pods linear, 26–35 Χ 5–8 mm. Seeds 1–4. Fl. and fr. Jun–Aug.

* Hill slopes and desert; 550–3700 m. NE and NW of China, Nei Mongol, Xizang.

26. Vicia kulingana Bailey, Gentes Herb. 1: 33. 1920.

牯岭野豌豆  gu ling ye wan dou

Vicia edentata Wang & Tang.

Perennial herbs, 50–90 cm high; stem erect. Leaves paripinnate 2–3.5 cm, with a mucro at apex; stipules semi hastate or lanceolate, 8–13 Χ 3–5 mm, toothed; leaflets 2–3 paired, ovate-lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, 4–8 Χ 1.8–3.4 cm, puberulous on both surfaces; lateral veins 5–8 paired to margin. Racemes longer or subequal leaf, 2–5 cm; flowers 5–18, large, ca. 1.5 cm; pedicel 1.5 mm, with bracteoles at the base; calyx oblique-campanulate, toothed. Corolla purple, purple-red or blue; flag violin-shaped or nearly oblong, subequal wings and longer than keels. Ovary linear, longly stalked, 5 ovules; style hairy around upper part. Pods oblong, 4–5 Χ 0.7–0.8 cm, acuminate at the ends. Seeds 1–4. Fl. Apr–Jun, fr. Jun–Sep.

* Valley, grassland or sand land; 200–1200 m. E of China, Henan, Hunan.

27. Vicia deflexa Nakai, Bot. Mag. Tokyo 37: 12. 1923.

弯折巢菜  wan zhe chao cai

Perennial herbs, 30–100 cm high; stem erect, zigzag-curved. Leaves paripinnate 3–7.5 cm, with a mucro at apex; stipules triangular or lanceolate, 3–6 Χ 1–3 mm; leaflets 3–4 paired, narrowly oblong to oblong-lanceolate, 3–6.5 Χ 1.1–2 cm, obvious veins, repand at margin. Racemes 2–7 cm, subequal leaf; flowers 7–10, large, 1.5–2 cm; pedicel 2 mm; calyx nearly campanulate, very shortly toothed. Corolla dark purple-red or light purple; flag oblong, ca. 1.5 cm; wings and keels subequal. Ovary linear, ca. 6 mm; style hairy around upper part. Pods oblong-rhomboid, 2.5–4 Χ 0.6 cm, leathery. Seeds 2–6. Fl. Jun–Oct.

* Valley, river banks or forest; 200–1400 m. Anhui, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Zhejiang.

28. Vicia chianschanensis (P. Y. Fu & Y. A. Chen) Xia, Acta. Phytotax. Sin. 34(4): 431. 1996.

千山野豌豆  qian shan ye wan dou

Vicia ramuliflora (Maxim.) Ohwi f. chianschanensis P. Y. Fu & Y. A. Chen, Fl. Herb. Chin. Bor.-Orient. 5: 177. 1976.

Perennial herbs, 40–60 cm high; stem erect, unbranched or less branched, slightly hairy. Leaves paripinnate 4–5 cm, with a mucro at apex; stipules oblique-ovate, 12–15 Χ 6–8 mm, entire; leaflets 2 paired, oval, 2–4 Χ 1.8–2 cm, acute with a mucro at apex, glabrous; lateral veins 8–10 paired obvious. Racemes axillary and single, slightly longer than leaf; flowers 6–12, dense; pedicel ca. 4 mm, hairy; calyx cylindric, 1–1.2 cm, toothed; flag ovate-oblong, slightly constricted at middle, subequal wings and longer than keels. Ovary linear, stalked, 5–6 ovules; style hairy around upper part. Fl. and fr. May–Jul.

* Hill slopes and roadsides. Liaoning, Shandong.

29. Vicia venosa (Willd.) Maxim., Bull. Acad. Sci. St.-Petersb. 18: 395. 1873.

柳叶野豌豆  liu ye ye wan dou

Orbus venosus Willd ex Link, Enum. Pl. Hort. Bot. Berol. 2: 236. 1822; O. venosus var. willdenowianus Turcz.; Vicia venosa var. willdenowiana Maxim.

Perennial herbs, 40–80 cm high; stem erect, pilose then glabrous. Leaves paripinnate, with a mucro at apex; stipules semi hastate, 10–15 Χ 3–5 mm, longly acuminate at apex, toothed; leaflets usually 3 paired, linear-lanceolate, 4–6.5(–9) Χ 0.4–1.3 cm, acuminate or longly caudate at apex, slightly hairy abaxial. Racemes longer or subequal leaf, 3.5–7 cm, 2–3 branched; flowers 4–9; calyx campanulate, toothed. Corolla red, purple-red or blue; flag obovate-oblong, ca. 1.2 cm, retuse at apex, longer than wings and keels. Ovary glabrous, 5–6 ovules; style hairy around upper part. Pods oblong, flat, 2.5–3.3 cm, acuminate at the ends. Seeds 3–6. Fl. and fr. Jul–Sep.

Grassland on hill slopes; 600–1800 m. NE of China, Nei Mongol [Japan, Korea, Mongolia, Russia].

30. Vicia ramuliflora (Maxim.) Ohwi, Jour. Jap. Bot. 12: 331. 1936.

北野豌豆  bei ye wan dou

Orobus ramuliflorus Maxim. Prim. Fl. Amur. 83. 1859; Vicia ramuliflora (Maxim.) f. baicalensis (Turcz.) P. Y. Fu & Y. A. Chen.

Perennial herbs, 40–100 cm high; stem growing thickly, puberulous or glabrescent. Leaves paripinnate 5–8 cm, with a mucro at apex; stipules semi hastate, oblique-ovate or oblong, 8–12(–16) Χ 10–13 mm, entire or toothed at the base; leaflets usually 3 paired, rarely 2 or 4, longly ovate or ovate-lanceolate, 3–8 Χ 1.3–3 cm, acuminate or longly caudate, entire, hairy along main vein abaxial. Racemes axillary, 2–3 branched, 4–5 cm, usually shorter than leaf; flowers 4–9, sparse; calyx oblique-campanulate, toothed. Corolla blue, blue-purple or purple-red, rarely white; flag oblong or longly obovate, 1.1–1.4(–1.8) cm, retuse at apex, constricted at middle, subequal wings and keels. Ovary linear, shortly stalked, 5–6 ovules; style hairy around upper part. Pods oblong-rhomboid, 2.5–5 Χ 0.5–0.7 cm, acuminate at the ends. Seeds 1–4, elliptic. Fl. Jun–Aug, fr. Jul–Sep.

Hill slopes, grassland or forest; 200–1200 m. E of China, Nei Mongol [Japan, Russia].

1a. Peduncle long, obviously racemes ................................................................  30a. var. ramuliflora

1b. Peduncle much abbreviated, flowers caespitose ............................................  30b. var. abbreviata

30a. Vicia ramuliflora var. ramuliflora

北野豌豆  (Τ­±δΦΦ) bei ye wan dou (yuan bian zhong)

Leaflets usually 3 paired, 3–8 cm; racemes 4–5 cm, branched, axillary.

Hill slopes, grassland or forest; 200–1200 m. E of China, Nei Mongol [Japan, Russia].

30b. Vicia ramuliflora var. abbreviata P. Y. Fu & Y. A. Chen, Fl. Pl. Herb. Chin. Bot. 5: 145, 177. t. 63. 5. 1976.

辽野豌豆  liao ye wan dou

Peduncle much abbreviated; flowers caespitose at axillary or capitate.

* Bush-woods or forests. Liaoning.

31. Vicia unijuga A. Br., Ind. Sem. Hort. Berol. 12. 1853.

歪头菜  wai tou cai

Orobus lathyroides L.; Vicia unijuga var. breviramea Nakai; V. unijuga var. angustifolia Nakai; V. bifolia Nakai; V. faurice var. unijuga Matsum.

Perennial herbs, (15)40–100(–180) cm high; stems caespitose, pilose when young. Leaves paripinnate with a mucro at apex, rarely tendril; stipules hastate or sublanceolate, 8–20 Χ 3–5 mm, unequal toothed; leaflets 1 paired, ovate-lanceolate or nearly rhomboid, (1.5)3–7(–11) Χ 1.5–4(–5) cm, pilose on both surfaces. Racemes single, rarely branched, obviously longer than leaf, 4.5–7 cm; flowers 8–20, dense; calyx oblique-campanulate or campanulate. Corolla blue-purple, purple-red or light blue; flag violin-shaped, constricted at middle, 1.1–1.5 cm; wings 1.3–1.4 cm; keels shorter than wings. Ovary linear, glabrous, 2–8 ovules; style hairy around upper part. Pods oblong, flat, 2–3.5 Χ 0.5–0.7 cm, glabrous, beaked at apex. Seeds 3–7, oblate spheroidal. Fl. Jun–Jul, fr. Aug–Sep.

Hills, forests, grasslands or bush-woods; to 4000 m. NE, N, E and SW of China. [Japan, Korea, Mongolia, Russia].

1a. Leaflets 2.

2a. Flowers blue-purple, purple-red or light blue ...............................................  31a. var. unijuga

2b. Flowers white ............................................................................................  31c. var. albiflora

1b. Leaflets 3 .....................................................................................................  31b. var. trifolioata

31a. Vicia unijuga var. unijuga

歪头菜  (Τ­±δΦΦ) wai tou cai (yuan bian zhong)

Leaflets 2; flowers blue-purple, purple-red or light blue.

Hills, forests, grasslands or bush-woods; to 4000 m. NE, N, E and SW of China. [Japan, Korea, Mongolia, Russia].

31b. Vicia unijuga var. trifolioata Xia, Acta. Phytotax. Sin. 34(4): 425. 1996

三叶歪头菜  san ye wai tou cai

Leaflets 3; flowers blue-purple, purple-red or light blue.

* Shaanxi, Shanxi, Sichuan.

31c. Vicia unijuga var. albiflora Kitag, Lineam. Fl. Mansh. 295. 1939.

白花歪头菜  bai hua wai tou cai

Leaflets 2; flowers white.

* Nei Mongol.

32. Vicia ohwiana Hosokawa, Contr. Herb. Taihoku Univ. 288. 1933;

头序歪头菜  tou xu wai tou cai

Vicia unijuga var. apoda Maxim; V. unijuga var. ohwiana (Hosokawa) Nakai.

Perennial herbs, ca. 70 cm high; stem erect unbranched or less branched, puberulous. Leaves paripinnate with a mucro at apex, almost sessile; stipules ovate-lanceolate, entire; leaflets 1 paired, broadly ovate to subrhomboid, 4–7(–10) Χ 3.5–5(–17) cm, acute at apex, glabrous or pilose at margin and veins. Racemes abbreviated to capitate; flowers dense; calyx campanulate, 8–10 mm, villous, toothed . Corolla purple, rarely white; flag oblong-obovate, 1–1.4 cm, equal wings and longer than keels. Pods oblique-oblong, 2.5–3 Χ 0.5 cm, glabrous, beaked at apex. Fl. and fr. Jul–Sep.

Hill slopes, forests, grasslands or bush-woods; to 4000 m. NE and NW of China. [Japan, Korea, Russia].

33. Vicia geminiflora Trautv., Act. Hort. Petrop. 3: 42. 1872.

索伦野豌豆  suo lun ye wan dou

Perennial herbs, 25–50 cm high; stems slender, hairy when young. Leaves paripinnate, unbranched tendril at apex; stipules linear-lanceolate; leaflets 2–5 paired, linear, 25–30 Χ 2–3 cm, with a mucro at apex, unobvious veins. Racemes longer than leaf, 2–3(4) floral; rachis 7–8 cm; calyx campanulate toothed. Corolla blue-purple or purple, 1.6–2.6 cm; flag obovate-oblong, retuse at apex, longer than wings and keels. Ovary longly stalked; style sericeous around upper part, many ovules. Fl. Jun–Jul.

River banks. NE of China, Nei Mongol [Russia].

34. Vicia multijuga Xia, Acta. Phytotax. Sin. 43(4): 424. 1996.

多叶野豌豆  duo ye ye wan dou

Perennial herbs, 70–90 cm high; stems pilose. Leaves paripinnate, 7–11 cm, tendril at apex; stipules hastate or sublanceolate, 5–7 Χ 1–5 mm; leaflets 9–11 paired, narrowly lanceolate, 15–27 Χ 3–6 cm, acuminate with a mucro at apex, hairy. Racemes shorter than leaf; flowers 2–7; calyx nearly campanulate, ca. 6 mm, tomentose. Corolla purple; flag oblong, 10–12 Χ 5 mm, subequal wings and longer than keels. Ovary fusiform, stalked, 6 ovules. Fl. Jun–Jul, fr. Aug–Sep.

* Hill grasslands; 2500 m. Shaanxi.

35. Vicia tetrantha H. W. Kung, Contr. Inst. Bot. Nat. Acad. Peip. 3: 391. 1935.

四花野豌豆  si hua ye wan dou

Perennial herbs, 60–120 cm high; stems slender, glabrous. Leaves paripinnate, 5–9 cm; tendril unbranched or branched; stipules lanceolate or elliptic, ca. 3 mm; leaflets 8–10 paired, narrowly oblong, 12–14 Χ 4–5 mm, glabrous. Racemes shorter than leaf, densely 4 floral at apex of rachis; pedicel hispidulous; bracts caducous; calyx campanulate. 4.5 mm, toothed. Corolla blue-purple; flag violin-shaped, ca. 1.10 cm. Ovary glabrous, stalked; style villous around upper part. Pods oblong, glabrous, ca. 23 Χ 6 mm. Seeds 1–5, spheroidal. Fl. and fr. Aug–Sep.

* Hill slopes and roadsides; 1000 m. Hubei, Shaanxi.

36. Vicia bungei Ohwi, Journ. Jap. Bot. 12: 330. 1936.

大花野豌豆  da hua ye wan dou

Annual or biennial herbs, twining or stoloniferous, 15–50 cm high; stem much branched, glabrescent. Leaves paripinnate, branched tendril at apex; stipules semi hastate, 3–7 mm, toothed; leaflets 3–5 paired, oblong or narrowly obovate-oblong, 10–25 Χ 2–8 mm, truncate at apex, unobvious veins, pilose abaxial. Racemes longer or subequal leaf; flowers 2–4(5); calyx campanulate, pilose, toothed. Corolla red-purple or blue-purple; flag obovate-lanceolate, longer than wings. Ovary longly stalked, sericeous along sutures; style villous around upper part. Pods oblong, glabrous, 2.5–3.5 cm. Seeds 2–8, spheroidal. Fl. Apr–May and fr. Jun–Jul.

* Hill slopes, valley, grasslands and roadsides; 280–3800 m. NE, NW, N and SW of China, Anhui, Jiangsu.

37. Vicia tetrasperma (Linn.) Schreber, Spicil. Fl. Lips. 26. 1771.

四籽野豌豆  si zi ye wan dou

Ervum tetraspermum L., Sp. Pl. 738. 1753.

Annual herbs, 20–60 cm high; stem slender, twining, much branched, puberulous. Leaves paripinnate, 2–4 cm, tendril at apex; stipules sagittal or semi triangular, 2–3 mm; leaflets 2–6 paired, oblong or linear, 6–7 Χ 3 mm. Racemes ca. 3 cm; flowers 1–2, very small, ca. 3 mm; calyx oblique-campanulate, toothed. Corolla light blue; flag oblong-obovate, ca. 6 Χ 3 mm; wings subequal keels. Ovary oblong, 3–4 mm, stalked, 4 ovules; style hairy around upper part. Pods oblong, 8–12 Χ 2–4 mm. Seeds 4, oblate spheroidal. Fl. Mar–Jun, fr. Jun–Aug.

Hill slopes, valley and grasslands; to 2000 m. E, C and SW of China, Gansu, Shaanxi, Xinjiang [Asia, Europe, N America, N Africa].

38. Vicia hirsuta (Linn.) S. F. Gray., Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. 2: 614. 1821.

小巢菜  xiao chao cai

Ervum hirsutum L., Sp. Pl. 738. 1753.

Annual herbs, 15–90(120) cm high, climbing; stem slender, glabrescent. Leaves paripinnate; tendril branched; stipule semisagittal or lanceolate, 2–3 toothed at base; leaflets 4–8 paired, linear or narrowly oblong, 5–15 Χ 1–3 mm, glabrous. Racemes obviously shorter than leaf; flowers 2–4(–7), very small, 3–5 mm, densely at apex of rachis; calyx campanulate, toothed. Corolla white to light purple, rarely pink; flag elliptic, ca. 3 mm, subequal wings and longer than keels. Ovary sessile, densely rigid hairy, 2 ovules; style hairy around upper part. Pods oblong-rhomboid, 5–10 Χ 2–5 mm, densely longly rigid-hairy. Seeds 2, oblate spheroidal. Fl. Mar–Jun, fr. Jun–Aug.

Valley, farm sides and roads; 200–1900 m. E, C and SW of China, Gansu, Guangdong, Guangxi, Qinghai, Shaanxi [Japan, Korea, Russia, Europe, N America]

39. Vicia sepium Linn. Sp. Pl. 1: 137. 1753.

野豌豆  ye wan dou

Perennial herbs, 30–100 cm high; stem slender, erect or climbing, pilose. Leaves paripinnate, 7–12 cm; tendril branched; stipules semi hastate, 2–4 toothed; leaflets 5–7 paired, oblong-ovate or oblong-lanceolate, 0.6–3 Χ 0.4–1.3 cm, obtuse or truncate and with a mucro at apex, pilose. Racemes very short; flowers 2–4(6), axillary; calyx campanulate, toothed . Corolla red or nearly purple to pink; flag nearly violin-shaped; wings shorter than flag; keels curved inward. Ovary linear, glabrous, 5 ovules, shortly stalked. Pods broadly oblong, nearly rhomboid, 21–39 Χ 5–7 mm, beaked at apex, slightly curved. Seeds 5–7, oblate spheroidal. Fl. Jun and fr. Jul–Aug.

Hill slopes and forests sides; 1000–2200 m. NW and SW of China [Japan, Korea, Russia, Europe].

40. Vicia pannonica Crantz, Stirp. Austr. ed. 2, 5: 393. 1769.

褐毛野豌豆  he mao ye wan dou

Annual herbs, 20–60(100) cm high, yellow villous; stem erect, 2–4 branched from base. Leaves paripinnate; tendril 2–3 branched; stipules small, ovate-lanceolate or semi hastate; leaflets 6–9 paired, linear or oblong-linear, 10–15 Χ 2–3 mm, mucro at apex, with unobvious veins. Racemes short, 1.5–2.5 cm; rachis 1–2 mm; flowers 1–3, axillary; calyx oblique-campanulate, ca. 11 mm, 5 toothed, densely yellow villous. Corolla white or yellow-white; flag rotund, villous, 15–16 mm, equal wings and longer than keels. Ovary short stalked, villous; style hairy around upper part. Pods broadly oblong to nearly rhomboid, beaked at apex, densely brown hairy. Seeds 2–8, nearly oblate spheroidal. Fl. and fr. Jul–Sep.

Widely cultivated in China [native to Europe].

41. Vicia sativa L. Sp. Pl. 736. 1753.

救荒野豌豆  jiu huang ye wan dou

Annual herbs, 15–100 cm high; stem decumbent or climbing, branched or not, puberulous. Leaves paripinnate, 2–10 cm; tendril 2–3 branched; stipules hastate, 2–4 toothed; leaflets 2–7 paired, longly elliptic or subcordate, 9–25 Χ 3–10 mm, mucro at apex, hairy; lateral veins unobvious. Flowers 1–2(4) axillary, subsessile; calyx campanulate, toothed, hairy. Corolla purple-red or red; flag longly obovate, constricted at middle; wings shorter than flag and longer than keels. Ovary linear, shortly stalked, puberulous, 4–8 ovules; style hairy around upper part. Pods linear-oblong, 4–6 cm, beaked at apex, pubescent. Seeds 4–8, spheroidal. Fl. Apr–Jul, fr. Jul–Sep

Farm sides and forests; to 3000 m. throughout China [native to SW Asia and S Europe].

42. Vicia angustifolia L. ex Reichard, Fl. Moeno-Francof. 2: 44. 1778.

窄叶野豌豆  zhai ye ye wan dou

Annual or biennial herbs, 20–50(–80) cm high; stem decumbent or climbing, much branched, pilose. Leaves paripinnate, 2–6 cm; tendril branched; stipules semisagittal or lanceolate, ca. 1.5 mm, 2–5 toothed, puberulous; leaflets 4–6 paired, linear or linear-oblong, 10–25 Χ 2–5 mm, mucro at apex, pilose; lateral veins unobvious. Flowers 1–2(3–4) axillary; calyx campanulate, 5 toothed, yellow pilose. Corolla red or purple-red; flag obovate, with claw; wings subequal flag and longer than keels. Ovary fusiform, shortly stalked, hairy, 5–8 ovules; style hairy around upper part. Pods linear, slightly curved, 2.5–5 cm. Fl. Mar–Jun, fr. May–Sep.

River banks, valley and farm sides; to 3000 m. NW, SW, E, C and S of China [Asia, Europe, N Africa].

43. Vicia faba L. Sp. Pl. 737. 1753.

蚕豆  can dou

Faba bona Medik; F. vulgaris Moench.

Annual herbs, 30–120 cm high; stem strong, erect, glabrous. Leaves paripinnate, without tendril, with a mucro at apex; stipules hastate or triangular-ovate, 1–2.5 cm, slightly tooted; leaflets 1–5 paired, elliptic, oblong or obovate, 4–6(10) Χ 1.5–4 cm, mucro at apex, entire, glabrous. Racemes axillary; flowers 2–4(6); calyx campanulate, unequally toothed. Corolla white with purple veins, 2–3.5 cm; flag constricted at middle; wings shorter than flag and longer than keels. Ovary linear, sessile, 2–4(6) ovules; style densely hairy. Pods large, 5–10 Χ 2–3 cm, tomentose. Seeds 2–4(6), large, 0.8–3 cm. Fl. Apr–May, fr. May–Jun.

Widely cultivated in China [widely cultivated elsewhere; of cultivated origin].

[LATHYRUS: in separate file]

00. LENS Mill., Gard. Dict. Abr. ed. 4. 1754.

兵豆属  bing dou shu

Annual herbs; stem erect or procumbent. Leaves paripinnate, tendril or mucronate at apex; stipules oblique-lanceolate; leaflets 2–many paired, entire, obovate, obovate-oblong or obovate-lanceolate. Flowers small, single or many in racemes; calyx deeply divided into teeth at least half of tube. Corolla white or other colors; flag obovate; wings and keels with claw and auricle. Stamens diadelphous. Ovary subsessile; style hairy at fringe of upper side. Pods short, flat, with 1–2 seeds. Seeds lenticular, brown.

About 5–6 species in Mediterranean and SW Asia. 1 species in China.

1. Lens culinaris Medic. Vorles Churbf. Phys. Oes. 2: 361. 1787.

兵豆  bing dou

Ervum lens L.; Lens esculenta Moench.

Annual herbs, 10–50 cm high; stem branched from base, pubescent. Leaves paripinnate, tendril or mucronate at apex; stipules oblique-lanceolate, 3–7 mm, white villous; leaflets 4–12 paired, obovate, obovate-oblong or obovate-lanceolate, 6–20 Χ 2–5 mm, villous on both surfaces, sessile. Flowers 1–3 in axillary raceme; rachis densely white hairy; calyx deeply 5 toothed, densely villous. Corolla white or blue-purple, 4.5–6.5 mm; flag obovate; wings and keels with claw and auricle. Ovary glabrous, shortly stalked; style hairy at fringe of upper side. Pods oblong, inflated, yellow, 1–1.5 cm, with 1–2 seeds. Seeds lenticular, brown. Fl. May–Aug, fr. Aug–Sep.

Cultivated in Gansu, Hebei, Henan, Jiangsu, Nei Mongol, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan [widely cultivated elsewhere; of cultivated origin].

00. PISUM Linn., Sp. Pl. 727. 1753.

豌豆属  wan dou shu

Annual or perennial herbs; stem glabrous, often climbing. Leaves tendril at apex; stipules large, leaflike; leaflets 2–6, ovate to elliptic, entire or dentate. Flowers single or many in axillary raceme; calyx campanulate, somewhat leaflike. Corolla white or other colors; flag obovate; wings adherent to keels. Stamens diadelphous. Ovary subsessile, many ovules; style curved inward, hairy at fringe of upper side. Pods longly elliptic, inflated, acute at apex. Seeds many, spheroidal.

About 6 species in Europe and Asia. 1 species in China.

1. Pisum sativum L. Sp. Pl. 727. 1753.

豌豆  wan dou

Annual herbs, 0.5–2 m high; stem glabrous, climbing. Leaves with 4–6 leaflets; stipules larger than leaflets, leaflike, cordate, toothed; leaflets ovate, 2–5 Χ 1–2.5 cm. Flowers single or many in axillary raceme; calyx campanulate, deeply 5 toothed. Corolla vary in colors, usually white or purple. Ovary glabrous; style flat, hairy at upper side. Pods inflated, longly elliptic, 2.5–10 cm, acute at apex. Seeds 2–10, spheroidal. Fl. Jun–Jul, fr. Jul–Sep.

Widely cultivated in China [widely cultivated elsewhere; of cultivated origin].

00. CICER L., Sp. Pl. 738. 1753.

鹰嘴豆属  ying zui dou shu

Perennial or annual herbs, spiny and glandular-hairy. Leaves paripinnate or inparipinnate, with or without tendril at apex; stipules absent; stipules toothed; leaflets 3–many, serrate at margin. Flower single or 2–5 in axillary raceme; calyx somewhat gibbous at base, teeth equal or not. Stamens diadelphous. Style glabrous, curved. Pods inflated, glandular-hairy, with 1–10 seeds. Seeds beaked, subspheroidal.

About 40 species, mainly in C Asia. 2 species in China.

1a.       Leaflets narrowly elliptic, densely dentate ...................................................  1. C. arietinum

1b.       Leaflets obovate, dentate at upper part ...............................................  2. C. microphyllum

1. Cicer arietinum L. Sp. Pl. 738. 1753.

鹰嘴豆  ying zui dou

Annual or annual herbs, 1–2 m high; stem erect, much branched, glandular-hairy. Leaves with 7–17 leaflets; stipules leaflike, unequal toothed; leaflets narrowly elliptic, 7–17 Χ 3–10 mm, densely dentate at margin, glandular-hairy. Flower single or 2 axillary; pedicel 5–25 mm. Corolla white, light blue or purple-red, 8–10 mm, glandular-hairy; calyx campanulate, deeply 5 toothed, glandular-hairy. Pods inflated, ovate, pendulous, ca. 2–1 cm, pubescent and glandular-hairy, with 1–4 seeds. Seeds white pubescent. Fl. Jun–Jul, fr. Aug–Sep.

Cultivated in Gansu, Hebei, Nei Mongol, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Taiwan, Xinjiang [widely cultivated elsewhere; of cultivated origin].

2. Cicer microphyllum Benth. Royle, Ill. Bot. Himal. 200. 1835.

小叶鹰嘴豆  xiao ye ying zui dou

Annual herbs, 15–40 cm high; stem erect, much branched, glandular-hairy. Leaves tendril; stipules 5–7 divided, glandular-hairy; leaflets 6–15 paired, leathery, obovate, mucronate at apex, 4–12 Χ 3–7 mm, glandular-hairy on both surfaces, dentate at margin. Flower single, axillary; pedicel 5–25 mm, glandular-hairy; calyx deeply 5 toothed, ca. 1.2 cm, densely glandular-hairy. Corolla large, ca. 2.4 cm, blue-purple or light blue. Pods elliptic, 2.5–3.5 cm, densely white pubescent. Seeds elliptic, with a mucro at an end, ca. 2.5 mm.

Hill slopes or river banks; 1600–4600 m. Xinjiang, Xizang. [Afghanistan, Pakistan].