Galegeae: Astragalus, Phyllolobium [Draft]

ASTRAGALUS Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 755. 1753. [Draft]

黄耆属 huang qi shu

Lang-Ran Xu; Dietrich Podlech

Annual or perennial herbs, subshrubs or shrubs, often sometimes piny, glabrous or hairy; hairs basifixed or symmetrically to asymmetrically bifurcate, white or black, at margins of stipules and bracts often with minute subsessile glands. Leaves paripinnate or imparipinnate or leaflets rarely verticillate. Stipules green or membranous, adnate to the petiole or free, often vaginate-connate behind the stem. Racemes axillary, sessile or pedunculated, loosely or densely few- to many-flowered. Flowers subsessile or with a distinct pedicel. Bracteoles sometimes present. Calyx campanulate to tubular, with 5 equal or unequal teeth mostly hairy on inner side, sometimes inflated in fruit. Petals glabrous or more rarely hairy. Standard mostly emarginate at the tip, more rarely rounded, mostly with a ± distinct claw. Wings auriculate at the limb base. Stamens diadelphous, rarely monadelphous, with uniform anthers. Ovary sessile or stipitate. Style below or at the capitate stigma rarely hairy or penicillate. Legumes very variable, mostly keeled ventrally and grooved dorsally, unilocular, incompletely or completely bilocular; walls membranous, coriaceous or rarely hard and legumes then nut-like. Seeds rectangular-reniform, estrophiolate.

About 2500 species in the Old World, represented in nearly all parts of the Northern hemisphere; ca. 500 species in the New World; 394 species (215 = 55 % endemic) in China.

Measurements of legumes always without stipe and beak. Several species and varieties of the genus described from China, the types of which are housed in several little herbaria, have not seen by us. The taxonomic value of these taxa is therefore not sure. They are treated here according to the original diagnosis only.

1a. Annual herbs

2a. Legumes narrowly linear, curved, terete, unilocular, slightly constricted between the seed; stipules minute, free; racemes sessile to subsessile, few-flowered. 5. Ophiocarpus

2b. Legumes never linear-curved, never cosntricted; other characters different

3a. Calyx teeth very unequal in length; keel always longer than wings

4a. Petals whitish or yellowish; legumes sickle-shaped to screw-like twisted 3. Cycloglottis

4b. Petals violet; legumes curved 4. Heterodontus

3b. Calyx teeth ± of same length; keel shorter than wings

5a. Standard in the middle distinctly transversely dilated; legumes with a hooked or bent beak, with an indument of short appressed and longer spreading hairs 1. Ankylotus

5b. Standard never dilated in the middle; other characters different

6a. Standard without distinct claw; legumes with sharp edges or wings on the sides 6. Oxyglottis

6b. Standard with a distinct claw; legumes without sharp edges or wings

7a. Racemes elongated 2. Annulares

7b. Racemes densely capitate 7. Sesamei

1b. Perennial herbs or shrublets

8a. Hairs of plants simple, basifixed or plants completely glabrous

9a. Spiny, shrubby, mostly cushion-forming plants; leaves paripinnate 34. Aegacantha

9b. Plants herbaceous or subshrubby; leaves imparipinnate, rarely becoming spiny with age

10a. Style with a distinctly hairy stigma

11a. Bracteoles absent; stipules often vaginate-connate, at least the lower ones 12. Skythropos

11b. Bracteoles always present, at least at the beginning of anthesis; stipules always free from each other

12a. Bracts caducous and mostly missing at fruiting time; plants often tall with thick stems; legumes
inflated 10. Coluteocarpus

12b. Bracts persistent, always present at fruiting time; plants often smaller with slender stems; legumes
distinctly to strongly compressed laterally 9. Pseudosesbanella

10b. Style glabrous at and below the stigma, very rarely stigma very minutely hairy

13a. Standard hairy

14a. Inflorescens cylindric, 7-9 cm, densely many-flowered 30. Alopecuroidei p.p.

14b. Inflorescens not as above, mostly loosely few-flowered

15a. Leaflets on upper side with long, flexuous, cotton-like hairs 33. Erionotus

15b. Leaflets on upper side glabrous or appressed hairy 31. Caprini

13b. All petals glabrous

16a. Leaflets verticillate in several mostly remote whorls 32. Gontscharoviella

16b. Leaflets all opposite or subopposite

17a. Upper edge of keel limbs at the whole length or in upper part furnished with minute teeth
31. Caprini subsect. Purpurascentes

17b. Margins of keel limbs entire, never furnished with minute teeth

18a. Calyx at anthesis tubular to slightly ventricous, soon bladdery-inflated and distinctly net-like nerved; legumes stalked, included in the calyx 35. Eremophysa

18b. Calyx never inflated after anthesis, ruptured by th ripe legume

19a. Inflorescences large, subsessile to shortly pedunculated, ovoid to cylindric, densely many-flowered 30. Alopecuroidei

19b. Inflorescence not as above

20a. Hairs mostly with a very short, subacute basal appendix and therefore extremely
asymmetrically bifurcate; leaflets 2–4 x 2–3 mm, on both sides rather densely spotted with
minute blackish dots 27. Irineae

20b. Hairs basifixed. Leaflets without blackish dots

21a. Plants acaulescent or subacaulescent, stems, if present, at most up to 4 cm

22a. Stipules embracing the stem but not connate behind it, highly up connate befor the petiole; legumes 25-50 mm, strongly compressed laterally, glabrous
15. Hookeriana

22b. Stipules and legumes of other kind

23a. Petals pale yellowish; stipules 1-2 mm 23. Poliothrix (A. yangii)

23b. Petals purple to violet. yellow or white; stipules distinctly longer

24a. Stipules vaginate-connate behind the stem or befor the petiole; petals purple to violet; ovary and legumes sessile or subsessile

25a. Stipules free from the petiole; raceme 1-2-flowered
17. Komaroviella (A. damxungensis)

25b. Stipules adnate to the petiole; racemes with more flowers

26a. Plants at most up to 10 cm tall; calyx 3-4 mm 26. Pseudotapinodes

26b. Plants more than10 cm tall; calyx 7-9 mm 12. Skythropos pp.

24b. Stipules never vaginate connate; petals yellow or white, if violett, than ovary and legumes long stipitate

27a. Ovary and legumes with a stipe at least 4 mm

28a. Stipules distinctly adnate to the petiole 31. Caprini subsect. Caprini

28b. Stipules free from the petiole 12. Skythropos

27b. Ovary and legumes sessile or subsessile

29a. Plants with spreading hairs; petals white 14. Lithophilus

29b. Plants with appressed hairs; petals bright yellow 28. Lotidium

21b. Plants distinctly caulescent

30a. Stems stout, 3-10 mm or more in diameter, ± erect; plants mostly tall with long erect. stems.

31a. Stipules vaginate-connate behind the stem

32a. Standard 34-39 mm; legumes ± globular, 15-22 mm in diameter, with very thick walls and a narrow holow, very densely long hairy 29. Lithoon

32b. Standard up to 17 mm; legumes different 11. Chlorostachys

31b. Stipules free from each other

33a. Keel distinctly longer than wings; legumes nut-shaped, 9-14 mm, glabrous
13. Nuculiella

33b. Keel shorter or at most as long as the wings; legumes not nut-shaped

34a. Racemes subsessile or with a short peduncle; plants densely spreading hairy allover 14. Lithophilus

34b. Racemes with a distinct, long peduncle; plants in most parts appressed hairs or subglabrous

35a. Plants completely glabrous; ; stipules distinctly longitudinally nerved; ovary and legumes subsessile 31. Caprini (A. luculentus)

35b. Plants in most parts appressed hairs or subglabrous; stipules not distinctly nerved; legumes mostly with a distinct to long stipe

36a. Legumes unilocular; bracts persistent; bracteoles always absent 8. Cenantrum

36b Legumes incompletely to completela bilocular; bracts persistent or soon falling; bracteoles mostly absent 11. Chlorostachys

30b. Stems ± slender, at most up to 3 mm in diameter; often prostrate to ascending

37a. Leaves 6–10 cm, at the end of vegetation period elongating up to 25 cm; petiole 1–3 cm, later on up to 6 cm, like the rachis slender, later on thickened and indurating, persistent, glabrous ot very sparsely subappressed hairy; leaflets in 13–15 pairs, often caducous 16. Pelta

37b. Leaves with other characters

38a. Stipules all or at least of lower leaves distinctly vaginate-connate behind the stem

39a. Keel longer than wings or rarely as long, limbs always large, wider than those of şwings 17. Komaroviella

39b. Keel distinctly shorter than or rarely up to as long as wings, with narrower limbs

40a. Wing limbs distinctly emarginate to deeply bilobed

41a. Ovary and legumes sessile or subsessile

42a. Legumes globular to widely ovoid, at most up to 2 times longer than wide,
often cross.wrinkled, hairy 21. Brachycarpus

42b. Legumes ovoid to narrowly ovoid, at least 2 times longer than wide but mostly longer, never distinctly cross-wrinkled, glabrous or rarely very sparsely hairy 19. Hemiphaca

41b. Ovary and legumes with a long, slender stipe 22. Hemiphragmium

40b. Wing limbs round-tipped to rarely slightly emarginate

43a. Inflorescence subumbellate, few-flowered or a loose raceme 28. Lotidium

43b. Inflorescence at anthesis a dense, many-flowered raceme, often elongating in fruit

44a. Standard at least 14 mm, at the base with a sometimes short, but mostly distinct, cuneate claw

45a. Stems, stipules and rachis with ± spreading hairs; ovary with a stipe 3.5–5 mm 12. Skythropos

45b. Stems, stipules and rachis with appressed to slightly ascending hairs; ovary and legumes sessile or subsessile 18. Hypoglottidei

44b. Standard 6-10 mm, rarely up to 12 mm, mostly without distinct claw

46a. Inflorescence capitate to shortly ovoid; legumes globular to ovoid, sessile, unilocular or bilocular

47a. Legumes globular to widely ovoid, at most up to 2 times longer than wide, often cross.wrinkled 21. Brachycarpus

47b. Legumes ovoid to narrowly ovoid, at least 2 times longer than wide but mostly longer, never distinctly cross-wrinkled 19. Hemiphaca

46b. Inflorescence ovoid to shortly cylindrical; legumes narrowly ellipsoid to narrowly oblong, distinctly, sometimes up to semicircularly curved, sessile to stipitate, unilocular or rarely very incompletely bilocular
23. Poliothrix

38b. Stipules free from each other and mostly free from the petiole

48a. Plants with long, prostrate to creeping stems; racemes subumbellate, few-flowered
28. Lotidium

48b. Plants with ascending to erect stems; racemes not subumbellate

49a. Wing limbs with linear-acute auricle 2-4.5 mm, sometimes as long as the claw

50a. Plants up to 60 cm tall; stipules mostly 3-5 mm; inflorescences several in one stem; standard ovate or obovate, abruptly contracted at the base into the very short claw; legumes 8-12 mm 24. Chrysopterus

50b. Plants 8-18 cm tall; stipules 6-15 mm; inflorescence singular in one stem; standard widely obovate to nearly orbicular, gradually narrowed at the base; legumes at least 15 mm and up to 28 mm 25. Ebracteolati

49b. Auricles of wing limbs mostly shorter, never linear.acute

51a. Leaves with a distinct petiole 2-4.5 cm 12. Skythropos

51b. Leaves subsessile, with a petiole up to 1(-2) cm

52a. Plants mostly tall, conspicuously leafy; ovary and legumes with a distinct, slender stipe, often distinctly longer than 10 mm

53a. Legumes unilocular; bracts persistent; bracteoles always absent
8. Cenantrum

53b. Legumes incompletely to completely bilocular; bracts peersistent or soon falling; bracteoles present or absent 11. Chlorostachys

52b. Plants often low, not conspicuously leafy; ovary and legumes sessile or very shortly stipitate

54a. Racemes long, remotely many-flowered; legumes globular to subglobular
29. Melilotopsis

54b. Racemes at anthesis short, dense, sometimes elongated in fruit; legumes globular to narrowly ovoid

55a. Legumes globular to widely ovoid, at most up to 2 times longer than wide, often cross.wrinkled 21. Brachycarpus

55b. Legumes ovoid to narrowly ovoid, at least 2 times longer than wide but mostly longer, very rarely cross-wrinkled 19. Hemiphaca

8b. Plants with medifixed or asymmetrically bifurcate hairs

56a. Strongly branched, subspherical spiny shrublets 55. Bulimioides

56b. Plants never spiny

57a. All stipules or rarely only those of the lower leaves distinctly vaginate-connate behind the stem

58a. Plants acaulescent or nearly so

59a. Calyx soon after beginning of anthesis enlarging and becoming bladdery-inflated; legumes included in the persistent calyx 59. Laguropsis

59b Calyx tubular up to fruiting time, ruptured by the legume

60a. Legumes bladdery inflated, membranous 48. Cystium

60b. Legumes not bladdery-inflated, coriaceous 45. Helmia

58b. Plants with a well developped stem

61a. Calyx soon after beginning of anthesis enlarging and becoming bladdery-inflated; legumes included in the persistent calyx

62a. Plants shrubby to subshrubby 57. Cysticalyx

62b. Plants herbaceous 58. Hypsophilus

61b. Calyx tubular up to fruiting time, ruptured by the legume

63a. Flowers in loose, rather elongated racemes

64a. Petals yellowish green 36. Uliginosi

64b. Petals lilac or violet

65a. Calyx mostly long tubular; legumes linear 40. Ornithopodium

65b. Calyx campanulate or shortly campanulate-tubular, legumes ovoid to oblong

66a. Shrubby or subshrubby psammophytes; leaflets in 1–3 pairs or singular; legumes up to 8 mm, with ± long, spreading hairs, if legumes longer and appressed hairy, than leaflets in only 1 pair or singular 54. Ammodendron

66b. Plants herbaceous; leaflets in at least 5 pairs, if in only 3 pairs, than legumes 11–15 mm and covered with appressed hairs 38. Craccina

63b. Flowers in capitate or subumbelliform racemes

67a. Dwarf pulvinate plants with short, procumbent stems; flowers 1–2 in the leaf axils, subsessile; stipules completely connate into a tubular sheeth surrounding the stem and the base of petiole
43. Ammodytes

67b. Plants with erect stems

68a. Calyx tubular, at least 9–10 mm 46. Ammotrophus

68b. Calyx campanulate, 5–8 mm

69a. Bracteoles present 37. Brachycephalae

69b. Bracteoles absent 39. Onobrychoidei

57b. All stipules free from each other

70a. Plants acaulescent or nearly so, rarely with a short stem

71a. Calyx soon after beginning of anthesis enlarging and becoming bladdery-inflated; legumes
included in the persistent calyx

72a. Leaves with ascending to spreading hairs 56. Chaetodon

72b. Leaves with appressed hairs 59. Laguropsis

71b. Calyx tubular, unchanged until fruiting time, ruptured by the legume

73a. Raceme ovoid to cylindric, with a long peduncle

74a. Leaflets linear to very narrowly elliptic, up to 3(–4) mm wide; peduncle 5–14 cm
42. Corethrum

74b. Leaflets elliptic, 4–15 mm wide; peduncle up to 30 cm 52. Incani

73b. Raceme loosely subumbelliform or flowers subradical

75a. Legumes ovoid-inflated, bladdery 49. Paracystium

75b. Legumes not bladdery-inflated

76a. Legumes with a prominent, long, rigid beak 5–8 mm 53. Cytisodes

76b. Legumes shortly acuminate or with a very short beak

77a. Raceme with a peduncles 4–8 cm; legumes linear, 3–5 cm
44. Erioceras (A. yang-changii)

77b Racemes subsessile or more rarely with a peduncle up to 2 cm; legumes shorter
51. Trachycercis

70b. Plants always with a well developped stem (sometimes some stems of a plant short)

78a. All petals appressed hairy 50. Tanythrix

78b. All petals glabrous

79a. Legumes bladdery inflated, valves membranous 47. Leucophysa

79b Legumes not bladdery inflated, valves coriaceous

80a. Calyx soon after beginning of anthesis enlarging and becoming bladdery-inflated
56. Chaetodon

80b. Calyx tubular, unchanged until fruiting time, ruptured by the peduncle

81a. Ovary and legumes covered with appressed to subappressed, rarely also with some ascending hairs 41. Dissitiflori

81b. Ovary and legumes villous with ascending to spreading hairs

82b. Racemes subsessile 50. Tanythrix

82a. Peduncles slightly shorter to longer than leaves

83a. Legumes shortly acuminate or with a beak up to 2 mm 44. Erioceras

83b. Legumes with a beak ca. 10 mm 53. Cytisodes

1. Sect. Ankylotus Bunge, Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint Pétersbourg 11(16): 15. 1868.

钩荚组 gou jia zu

¹³¼Ô×é

Plants annuell, with basifixed hairs. Stipules whitish-membranous, shortly adnate to the petiole, free from each other. Racemes mostly with a distinct peduncle, loose to rather dense. Calyx tubular. Petals unequal in length. Standard in the middle strongly transvers-elliptically dilated, toward the apex abruptly tongue-like narrowed, at the base with a distinct claw. Limbs of wings incised at the tip. Legumes sessile, curved, with a bent to hooked beak, obtusely keeled ventrally, deeply grooved dorsally, at least in the middle part completely bilocular; valves with a double indumentum consisting of short appressed and long spreading hairs.

1a. Stems densely obliquely spreading villous; racemes sessile or with a peduncle up to 3 cm; legumes with longer hairs up to 2 mm 3. A. stalinskyi

1b. Stems with appressed or more rarely ascending hairs; racemes with a peduncle 0.5-12 cm; Legumes with longer hairs up to 1 mm

2a. Stipules 1.5-2 mm; calyx 4-5 mm; legumes 7-15(-20) mm, with a bent beak 2. A. gracilipes

2b. Stipules 3-5 mm; calyx 5-8 mm; Legumes 20-40 mm, with a hooked beak 1. A. commixtus

1. Astragalus commixtus Bunge, Arbeiten Naturf. Vereins Riga 1: 246. 1847.

混合黄耆 hun he huang qi

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Stems 0.5–10 cm, with appressed hairs up to 1 mm. Stipules 3–5 mm, white and black ciliate. Leaves 3–7 cm, petiole 1–2.5 cm long, with the rachis loosely to rather densely appressed to spreading hairy. Leaflets in 5–7 pairs, narrowly elliptic, 3–14 X 0.5–4 mm, rounded to slightly retuse, loosely hairy. Peduncles 1–12 cm, appressed hairy. Racemes 1–5-flowered. Bracts whitish-membranous, 1–2 mm, ciliate. Calyx 6–8 mm, tubular, with subappressed to ascending white, toward the teeth with black hairs; teeth subulate, 2–3.5 mm. Petals violet or whitish. Standard 9–10 mm; limb in the middle strongly dilated, 3.5–4 mm wide. Wings 7–8 mm. Keel 6–6.5 mm. Legumes sesssile, linear, distinctly to semicircularly curved, (1–)2–4 cm long, 2.5–3 mm high and ca. 3 mm wide, with a hooked beak; valves thin, pale brownish, rather densely covered with appressed hairs 0.05–0.3 mm and sparsely to loosely with ascending to spreading hairs 0.4–1 mm.

Steppes, semideserts, salty soils. Xinjiang [Afghanistan, Iran, Kazakstan, Kyrgyzstan, Pakistan, Russia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan; Caucasus].

2. Astragalus gracilipes Bunge, Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint Pétersbourg 11(16): 15. 1868 in clave [et l.c. 15(1): 17. 1869].

细柄黄耆 xi bing huang qi

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A. schurae Pavlov; A. ninae Gontscharov [non Pavlov].

Stems 0.5–6(–12) cm, with appressed to ascending hairs 0.2–1.2 mm. Stipules 1.5–2 mm, ciliate. Leaves (1.5–)3–8 cm, petiole (0.5–)1–3.5 cm, with the rachis hairy like the stem. Leaflets in 4–5 pairs, narrowly elliptic, 3–8 X 1–4 mm, rounded to retuse, on upper side sparsely to loosely on underside more densely covered with subappressed to ascending hairs. Peduncle 0.5–6 cm, hairy like the stem. Racemes loosely to rather densely 1–3(–4)-flowered. Bracts whitish-membranous, triangular, 0.6–1.2 mm, ciliate. Calyx 4–5 mm, loosely to rather densely covered with appressed to ascending white, toward the teeth also with black hairs; teeth subulate, 1–2 mm. Petals violet or whitish. Standard 7–9 mm; blade in the middle strongly dilated, 3–4 mm wide. Wings 6–7.5 mm. Keel 5–7 mm. Legumes linear, erect. slightly curved, 0.7–1.5(–2) cm long, 2.4–4 mm high and 2.5–3 mm wide, with a short, bent, straight beak; valves thin, straw-colored, rather densely covered with ascending hairs 0.1–0.3 mm and loosely with hairs 0.5–0.8(–1.2) mm and often inserted in little tubercles.

Subalpine and alpine steppes, 2900-4500 m. Xizang [Afghanistan, India, Pakistan, Tajikistan].

3. Astragalus stalinskyi Širjaev., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 53: 75. 1944.

矮型黄耆ai xing huang qi

°«ÐÍ»ÆêÈ

A. commixtus Bunge var. abbreviatus Popov; A. brachymorphus Nikiforova.

Stems 0.5–3 cm densely villous with ascending to spreading hairs 0.4-1 mm. Stipules 4-7 mm, ciliate. Leaves 4–10 cm, petiole 1–5 cm, with the rachis loosely hairy. Leaflets in 4–7 pairs, narrowly elliptic, 3.5–18 x 1–4 mm, narrowly rounded to emarginate, on upper side sparsely to looseley, on underside loosely to rather densely covered with ascending hairs. Peduncles nearly absent or up to 3(–4) cm, hairy like the stem. Racemes densely 1–3(–5)-flowered. Bracts whitish-membranous, 1–2 mm, ciliate. Calyx 5–7 mm, tubular, rather densely covered with ascending white, toward the teeth also black hairs; teeth subulate, 2–3.5 mm. Petals whitish or at least the standard often violet. Standard 8–10 mm; blade in the middle transverse-elliptically dilated, 4–5 mm wide. Wings 6.5–8 mm. Keel 6–7 mm. Legumes linear, slightly curved, 1–2.5 cm long, ca. 3 mm high and 3.5–4.5 mm wide, with hooked beak, incompletely bilocular; valves subcoriaceous, straw-colored, densely covered with appressed to ascending hairs 0.1–0.3 mm and loosely with nearly spreading hairs 1–2 mm long.

Steppes, semideserts, 1000-2400 m. Xinjiang, Xizang [Afghanistan, Iran, Kazakstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan].

2. Sect. Annulares A.P.DeCandolle, Prodr. 2: 289. 1825.

廉荚组 lian jia zu

Plants annuell, with basifixed hairs. Stipules shortly adnate to the petiole. Inflorescence a loose raceme. Calyx campanulate or shortly tubular. Petals unequal. Limbs of wings rounded to emarginate at the apex. Stigma glabrous or hairy. Legumes sessile, mostly linear and curved, keeled ventrally, deeply grooved dorsally, incompletely to completely bilocular; valves with a simple or double indumentum, in the latter case the longer hairs often inserted in little tubercles.

1a. Leaflets in 4-6 pairs, linear to very narrowly elliptic, 8-10 times longer than wide, glabrous on upper side; legumes linear, 3-5 cm 5. A. campylorhynchus

1b. Leaflets 1-3 pairs, ovate to obovate, 2 times longer than wide, hairy on upper side; legumes 1-3 cm
4. A. arpilobus

4. Astragalus arpilobus Karelin & Kirilov, Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 15: 336. 1842.

廉荚黄耆 lian jia huang qi

Á¼Ô»ÆêÈ

A. gyzensis Bunge var. arpilobus (Karelin & Kirilov) Boissier.

In China only subsp. arpilobus

Plants with white hairs 0.2–1 mm. Stems 1–30 cm, loosely to rather densely spreading hairy. Stipules whitish to greenish, 1–3.5 mm, hairy. Leaves 1.5–10 cm, petiole 1–3.5 cm, with the rachis hairy like the stem. Leaflets in 1–3(-5) pairs, ovate to obovate, 4–20 x 2–10 mm, rounded, truncate or retuse, on upper side loosely covered with appressed, on underside more densely with ascending hairs. Peduncles 0.3–3.5 cm, hairy like the stem. Racemes loosely 2–7-flowered. Bracts 1–1.5 mm, hairy. Calyx 3–4(–6) mm, shortly tubular, rather densely appressed hairy; teeth 1–1.5 mm. Petals whitish-pink or more rarely violet. Standard 6–8(–10) mm; limb elliptic, 2–5 mm wide, emarginate, cuneatly narrowed at the base. Wings 5–7 mm. Keel 5–6 mm. Legumes linear, distinctly and up to semicircularly curved, 1–3 cm long, 2.5–3.5 mm high and wide, with a curved, short beak, nearly completely bilocular; valves thin, straw-colored to pale brownish, loosely to rather densely covered with appressed hairs 0.2–0.3 mm and with ascending hairs 0.7–1.2 mm, often inserted in little tubercles.

Sandy soils, semideserts, pepples, gypsum. Xinjiang [Afghanistan, Iran, Kazakstan, Pakistan, Russia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan].

F5. Astragalus campylorhynchus F.E.L.Fischer & C.A.Meyer, Ind. Sem. Hort. Petrop. 1: 23. 1835 [et reimpr. in Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot., 2. sér. 4: 340. 1835].

弯喙黄耆 wan hui huang qi

Íäà¹»ÆêÈ

Plants with hairs 0.3–0.5 mm. Stems 7–30 cm, in lower part covered with nearly spreading, in upper part with ± appressed hairs. Stipules whitish-membranous, 3–6 mm, ciliate. Leaves 3–10 cm, petiole 0.5–2.5 cm, like the rachis with appressed or more rarely ascending hairs. Leaflets glaucous, in 3–6 pairs, remote, linear, 5–25 x 0.5–2.5 mm, bilobed, on upper side glabrous, on underside sparsely appressed hairy. Peduncles 1.5–7 cm, hairy like the stem. Racemes remotely 1–4-flowered. Bracts 1–3 mm. Calyx 3–5 mm, campanulate, loosely covered with appressed white and black hairs; teeth 0.8–2 mm. Petals pale violet. Standard 6.5–9 mm. narrowly rhombic, 3–3.5 mm wide, emarginate to nearly bilobed. Wings 6–7.5 mm. Keel 5–6 mm. Legumes linear, straight or slightly curved, 3–5(–6) cm long, 2.5–4 mm high and wide, with a short, uncinate beak, incompletely to nearly completely bilocular; valves thin but tough, glabrous or loosely covered with appressed white hairs 0.1–0.3 mm.

Steppes, cultivated land, up to 2700 m. Xinjang [Afghanistan, Iran, Kazakstan, Kyrgyzstan, Pakistan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan; SW Asia, Caucasus].

3. Sect. Cycloglottis Bunge, Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint Pétersbourg 11(16): 3. 1868.

环荚组 huan jia zu

Plants annual, with basifixed hairs. Stipules shortly adnate to the petiole. Raceme densely capitate, borne on a short peduncle. Calyx campanulate, with distinctly unequal teeth, the three abaxial twice the length of the two adaxial. Keel longer than the wings. Legumes sessile, linear, falcate to spirally twisted, bilocular.

6. Astragalus contortuplicatus Linnaeus, Sp. Pl.: 758. 1853.

环荚黄耆 huan jia huang qi

»·¼Ô»ÆêÈ

Plants with thin, often bent white, in the inflorescence also black hairs 1–2 mm. Stems mostly several, prostrate to ascending, 2–50 cm, spreading hairy. Stipules greenish, 5–10 mm, hairy. Leaves 5–15 cm, petiole 1–2 cm, with rachis slender, often flexuous, hairy like the stem. Leaflets in 6–11 pairs, elliptic to obovate, 4–15 X 2–8 mm, deeply incised, on upper side sparsely to loosely, on underside up to densely covered with appressed to spreading hairs. Peduncles 1–4 cm, hairy like the stem. Racemes 5–15(–20)-flowered. Bracts green, linear-acute, 2–3 mm, hairy. Flowers subsessile. Calyx 5–6.5 mm, shortly campanulate, densely covered with white or white and black hairs; teeth very unequal, the three lower ones filiform, 3–5 mm, the two upper only 2–2.5 mm. Petals whitish or yellowish. Standard 5–7.5 X 2.5–3.5 mm, elliptic, deeply incised. Wings 4–5.5 mm. Keel 5–6.5 mm. Legumes linear, strongly falcate to screw-like twisted and often forming a complete circle of less than 1 cm in diameter, 1–2 cm long, 3–3.5 mm high and 2.5–3 mm wide, with a minute beak, completely bilocular; valves thinly membranous, nearly blakish brown when ripe, rugulose to pitted or warty, loosely to rather densely covered with spreading hairs.

River sides, salty meadows. Xinjiang [Azerbaijan, Kazakstan, Mongolia, Pakistan, Russia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan; Europe].

4. Sect. Heterodontus Bunge, Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint Pétersbourg 11(16): 5. 1868.

异齿组 yi chi zu

Òì³Ý×é

Plants annuell or bisannuell, with basifixed or subbasifixed hairs. Stipules shortly adnate to the petiole, otherwise free. Racemes with a distinct peduncle, at anthesis densely, later on loosely flowered and strongly elongating. Calyx campanulate, the teeth distinctly unequal, the three abaxial often more then twice the length of the two adaxial. Standard at the apex widely emarginate. Keel as long or mostly distinctly longer than the wings. Legumes stipitate, linear, curved, bilocular.

7. Astragalus dahuricus (Pallas) A.P.DeCandolle, Prodr. 2: 285. 1825.

达乌里黄耆 da wu li huang qi

´ïÎÚÀï»ÆêÈ

Galega dahurica Pallas.

Plants 15-65 cm tall, with thin white, in the inflorescence also black hairs. Stems simple or branched, erect, with ± appressed hairs 0.3–1 mm. Stipules greenish, 4–8 mm. Leaves 3–8 cm, petiole 0.3–1.5 cm, ± appressed hairy. Leaflets in 4–9 pairs, narrowly elliptic, 7–20 X 2–6 mm, on upper side glabrous or sparsely, on underside sparsely to loosely covered with ± appressed hairs up to 2 mm. Peduncles 1–3.5 cm, hairy like the stem. Racemes rather densely up to 25-flowered, elongating in fruit to 15 cm. Bracts whitish, linear, 3–4 mm, ciliate. Calyx 5–7 mm, campanulate, loosely covered with appressed to spreading long hairs; teeth subulate, unequal, th lower three 3.5–5 mm, the upper two only 1.5–2 mm. Petals violet. Standard 10–15 X 6,5–9 mm, elliptic, deeply V-like incised, abruptly contracted into the short claw. Wings 8–9 mm. Keel 10–13 mm. Legumes with a stipe 1.5–2 mm, linear, distinctly to nearly semicircularly curved, 1.5–2.5 cm long, 2–2.5 mm high and wide, keeled ventrally, deeply V-like grooved dorsally, with a beak 1.5–2 mm, completely bilocular; valves grey-brown, loosely covered with nearly spreading hairs 0.3–1 mm.

River sides, dampy meadows, fields. Beijing, Hebei, Gansu, Heilonjiang, Hunan, Jilin, Nei Mongol, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan [Korea, Mongolia, Russia (Far East, Siberia)].

5. Sect. Ophiocarpus Bunge, Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint Pétersbourg 11(16): 9. 1868.

蛇荚组 she jia zu

Éß¼ÔÊô

Ophiocarpus (Bunge) Ikonnikov

Plants annuell, branched at the base, glabrous or with basifixed hairs. Stipules minute, free. Inflorescences sessile or very shortly pedunculated, a loose 1–5-flowered raceme. Floweres pendulous. Calyx campanulate. Petals glabrous, deciduous. Standard slightly longer than wings and keel, without distinct claw. Legumes sessile, very narrowly linear, terete, curved or flexuous, somewhat constricted between the seeds, unilocular. A monotypic genus.

8. Astragalus ophiocarpus Bunge, Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint Pétersbourg 11(16): 10. 1868 [et l.c. 15(1): 6. 1869]

蛇荚黄耆she jia huang qi

²ØÎ÷Éß¼Ô»ÆêÈ

Astragalus aitchisonii J.G.Baker; A. paulsenii Freyn; Ophiocarpus aitchisonii (J.G.Baker) Podlech.

Plants branched at the base, with white, in the inflorescence also black hairs 0.2–0.5 mm, rarely glabrous. Stems 3–25 cm, prostrate to ascending, rather densely appressed to spreading hairy. Stipules 0.75–2 mm, ciliate. Leaves 1.5–4.5 cm, petiole 0.4–1.5 cm, like the rachis hairy. Leaflets in 4–8 pairs, narrowly obovate to obovate, 3–7 X 1.5–3 mm, rounded to retuse, on both sides rather densely covered with subappressed hairs, sometimes folded. Racemes sessile or with a peduncle up to 0.5 cm, loosely 1–5-flowered. Bracts membranous, 0.5 mm. Pedicels absent or up to 0.3 mm. Calyx 2.5–3.5 mm, rather densely subappressed white, more rarely also black hairy; teeth 1–1.5 mm. Petals creamy or pink to bluish-suffused, the keel with violet tip. Standard 6–7 X 2.5–3 mm, ovate to rhombic-ovate, incised. Wings 5 mm. Keel 5 mm. Legumes sessile, narrowly linear, flexuous or strongly, up to circularly curved, terete, 3–5 cm long and 1.5–2 mm thick, slightly constricted between the seeds, with a hooked beak up to 3 mm, unilocular; valves densely covered with very short, appressed hairs or rarely glabrous. Seeds oblong.

On dry sandy to loamy soil, 50-3600 m. Xizang [Afghanistan, India, Iraq, Iran, Pakistan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan].

6. Sect. Oxyglottis Bunge, Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint Pétersbourg 11(16): 10. 1868.

尖舌组 jian she zu

¼âÉà×é

Plants annuell, with basifixed hairs. Stipules shortly adnate to the petiole. Inflorescences capitate, sometimes with additional whorls, or loose racemes. Flowers subsessile. Calyx shortly tubular to campanulate. Standard without distinct claw. Wing limbs slightly emarginate at the tip. Legumes sessile, often distinctly wider than high, keeled ventrally, widely flattended to deeply V-like grooved dorsally, with sharp edges or wings on the back of valves. completely bilocular.

1a. Inflorescences capitate, sometimes with additional, remote whorls; standard 5-6 mm; legumes as wide as high, with crenulate lateral edges 9. A. oxyglottis

1b. Inflorescence loosely racemose; standard 6-10 mm long; legumes dorsiventrally flattened, 2 times wider than high, with shortly dentate lateral wings 10. A. vicarius

9. Astragalus oxyglottis Marschall Bieberstein, Fl. Taur.-Cauc. 2: 192. 1808.

尖舌黄耆Jian she huang qi

¼âÉà»ÆêÈ

A. psiloglottis A.P. DeCandolle; A. oxyglottus var. psiloglottis (A.P. DeCandolle) Bunge.

Plants with appressed hairs 0.1–0.3 mm. Stems 2–25 cm, often glabrescent with age. Stipules greenish-membranous, 2–4 mm, hairy. Leaves 2–9 cm, petiole 1–2.5 cm, like the rachis loosely hairy. Leaflets in 4–8 pairs, cuneate-oblong to elliptic, 3–10 X 1.5–5 mm, distinctly and mostly widely emarginate, on upper side glabrous or sparsely to loosely hairy, on underside loosely to rather densely hairy. Racemes sessile or with a peduncle up to 4 cm, head-like, densely 4–8-flowered, in well developed plants often with 1–2 additional, remote whorls of 2–4 flowers. Bracts membranous, less than 0.5 mm. Calyx 2–2.5 mm, campanulate, white and black hairy; teeth 0.4–0.5 mm. Petals whitish or bluish to violet. Standard 5–6 X 2.5–3 mm, elliptic, incised. Wings 4–5 mm. Keel 3–4 mm. Legumes starlike spreading or ascending, narrowly ovoid, 7–15 mm long, 2.5–3.5 mm high and wide, sharply keeled ventrally and on the sides of the valves, beside the keels of the valves grooved, slightly voulted and with two shallow grooves dorsally, in cross dissection quadrangular, shortly acuminate; valves thin, blackish-brown when ripe, at the keels of the valves distinctly transversely rugulose, glabrous or hairy.

Sandy, stony, salty soils, gypsum, steppes, semideserts, fields, 50-2550 m. Xinjiang [Afghanistan, Iran, Kazakstan, Kyrgyzstan, Pakistan, Russia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan; Europe (Spain, Ukraine), Caucasus, W Asia].

10. Astragalus vicarius Lipsky, Trudy Imp. S.-Petersburgsk. Bot. Sada 18: 25. 1900.

替代黄耆 ti dai huang qi

Ìæ´ú»ÆêÈ

Plants with white, at the nodes and in the inflorescence also with black hairs 0.1–0.3 mm. Stems 2–40 cm, simple or branched at the base, rather densely appressed to partly spreading hairy, often glabrescent with age. Stipules greenish-membranous, 3–6 mm. Leaves 3–10 cm, petiole 0.5–1.5 cm, like the rachis with appressed to ascending hairs. Leafletsin 6–9 pairs, narrowly elliptic to narrowly oblong, 4–18 X 1–5 mm, mostly distinctly and widely emarginate, on upper side glabrous, on underside mostly loosely subappressed hairy. Peduncles 3–9 cm, hairy like the stem. Racemes at anthesis rather densely 3–9-flowered, later on strongly elongating and up to 7 cm. Bracts whitish-membranous, 1–2 mm, hairy. Calyx campanulate, 3–4 mm, black or black and white hairy; teeth subulate, 1–1.5 mm. Petals bluish to pale violet. Standard 6–10 X 2.5–3 mm, narrowly oblong to narrowly elliptic, distinctly incised. Wings 5–7 mm. Keel 4.5–6 mm. Legumes seen from upper side narrowly ovate-acuminate, 1.5–2 cm long, 3–3.5 mm high and 6–7 mm wide, keeled ventrally, widely flattened to slightly voulted dorsally, in the middle of valves (= margins of the fruit) with a winglike, densely and shortly dentate crest 1–2 mm wide, fruit in cross-section widely triangular, bilocular; valves thin, glabrous.

Stony and loessic soil, ephemeral steppes. Xinjiang [Afghanistan, Iran, Kazakstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan].

7. Sect. Sesamei A.P.DeCandolle, Prodr. 2: 287. 1825.

胡麻组 hu ma zu

ºúÂé×é

A. sect. Oxyglottis Bunge p.p., excl. type.

Plants annual, mostly branched at the base, with basifixed hairs. Stipules shortly adnate to the petiole. Racemes sessile or pedunculated, ± densely capitate. Petals of unequal length. Legumes sessile, at the base mostly distinctly widened to bigibbous, keeled ventrally, deeply grooved dorsally, the groove often widened toward the base, mostly fully bilocular.

1a. Stems, petiole and rachis closely appressed hairy

2a. Calyx 3-4 mm; bracts 1-1.5 mm; legumes 6-7 mm, with rugose-wrinkled walls, covered with very short appressed hairs and spreading hairs up to 1.5 mm 11. A. filicaulis

2b. Calyx 5.5-7 mm; bracts 2-3 mm; legumes 1-1.5 cm, covered with subappressed to ascending hairs up to 1.3 mm 13. A. sesamoides

1b. Stems, petiole and rachis at least in part with ascending to spreading hairs

3a. Calyx 2.5-3 mm; leaflets on upper side glabrous; legumes widest at the base but not bigibbous
12. A. persepolitanus

3b. Calyx 3-5 mm; leaflets on both sides densely appressed hairy; legumes at the base distinctly bigibbous
14. A. tribuloides

11. Astragalus filicaulis Karelin & Kirilov, Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 15: 336. 1842.

丝茎黄耆si jing huang qi

Èõ¾¥ºúÂé

A. rytilobus Bunge; A. filicaulis subsp. rytilobus (Bunge) Popov; A. leptodermus Bunge.

Plants with white, at the stipules and in the inflorescence also with black hairs 0.3–1.6 mm. Stems 8–27 cm, prostrate to erect, sparsely appressed hairy. Stipules greenish, 2.5–4 mm, ciliate. Leaves 5–8 cm, petiole 0.5–1.2 cm, like the rachis sparsely subappressed hairy. Leaflets in 5–7 pairs, narrowly elliptic to narrowly oblong, 2–13 X 1–2.8 mm, obtuse to slightly retuse, subappressed hairy. Peduncles 1.5–6 cm, appressed hairy. Racemes 3–9-flowered. Bracts hyaline, 1–1.5 mm, ciliate. Calyx 3–4 mm, campanulate, covered at the base mainly with appressed white hairs, toward the teeth with more spreading and more black hairs; teeth subulate, 1.8–2 mm. Petals violet. Standard 6–8 X 2–2.5 mm, narrowly elliptic, widely retuse. Wings 4.5–5 mm. Keel 3.5–4 mm. Legumes stellately arranged or more deflexed, oblong to narrowly ovoid, 6–10 mm long, 3–4 mm high and wide, somewhat widened near the base, with a short beak, incompletely bilocular; valves thin, wrinkled, loosely covered with two kind of hairs: short, subappressed hairs 0.1–0.3 mm and long, spreading hairs up to 1.5 mm.

Steppes, semidesert on all kind of soils, up to 3150 m. Xinjiang [Afghanistan, Iran, Pakistan, Russia, Kazakstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan].

12. Astragalus persepolitanus Boissier, Diagn. pl. orient., ser. 1, 9: 60. 1849.

沙生黄耆 sha sheng huang qi

É³Éú»ÆêÈ

A. ammophilus Karelin & Kirilov.

Plants with mostly white hairs 0.05–0.6 mm. Stems 4–27 cm, prostrate to ascending, appressed to spreading hairy. Stipules whitish or greenish, 1–2.5 mm, appressed hairy or ciliate. Leaves 2–7 cm, petiole 1–2.3 cm, sparsely spreading hairy. Leaflets in 3–7 pairs, narrowly obovate to obovate, 2–8.5 X 0.8–4.5 mm, retuse, on upper side glabrous, on underside appressed hairy. Peduncles 0.5–7 cm or sometimes absent, appressed or rarely spreading hairy. Racemes 3–10-flowered, sometimes with two superposed and remote whorls of flowers. Bracts hyaline, 0.8–1.2 mm, ciliate. Calyx 2.5–3 mm, campanulate, loosely to densely spreading hairy; teeth subulate, 0.8–1 mm. Petals whitish to pale violet. Standard 4.5–6 X 2 mm, narrowly elliptic, round-tipped. Wings 4–4.5 mm. Keel 3–3.8 mm. Legumes ovoid-triangular, widest at the base, 6–9 mm long, ca. 3 mm high and wide, straight or slightly curved at the ventral side, strongly curved at the dorsal side, with a beak 0.7–1 mm long; valves thin, glabrous or subappressed hairy.

From the plains up to 2950 m. Xinjiang [Afghanistan, Iran, Kazakstan, Kyrgyzstan, Pakistan, Russia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan; Caucasus].

13. Astragalus sesamoides Boissier, Diagn. Pl. Orient., 9: 59. 1849.

胡麻黄耆 hu ma huang qi

ºúÂé»ÆêÈ

Plants with white, near the stipules and in the inflorescence also with black hairs. Stems 7–35 cm, ascending, sparsely covered with appressed hairs 0.3–1 mm. Stipules whitish to greenish, 3–4 mm, ciliate or sparsely hairy. Leaves 2.5–5.5 cm, petiole 0.3–1 cm, like the rachis slender, subappressed hairy. Leaflets in 4–6 pairs, narrowly oblong to narrowly elliptic, 4–15 X 2–5.5 mm, obtuse, on upper side glabrous or sparsely, on underside more densely appressed hairy. Peduncles 2–6 cm, with subappressed to ascending. Racemes 2–9-flowered. Bracts membranous, 2–3 mm, ciliate. Calyx 5.5–7 mm, campanulate, covered at the base with white and black hairs up to 1 mm, toward the teeth with more black and somewhat longer and more spreading hairs; teeth subulate, 3–4 mm. Petals violet. Standard 5.5–7 X 2–2.5 mm, slightly retuse. Wings 4.5–5.5 mm. Keel 4–4.5 mm. Legumes erect, straight, narrowly oblong with rounded base, 1.2–1.5 cm long, 3–4 mm high and wide, with a reflexed beak 1–1.5 mm; valves covered with subappressed to ascending white hairs up to 1.3 mm.

Loessic and sandy soils, in steppes and semideserts, fields. Xinjiang [Afghanistan, Iran, Kazakstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan].

14. Astragalus tribuloides Delile, Descr. Egypte, Hist. Nat.: 70. 1813.

蒺藜黄耆 ji li huang qi

ÝðÞ¼»ÆêÈ

A. kirghisicus Schtschegleev; A. cruciatus auct. sinens. non Link.

Plants with appressed to ascending, white hairs 0.2–1.5 mm. Stems from nearly absent to 40 cm, prostrate to ascending, hairy. Stipules membranous, 2–3 mm, hairy. Leaves 1.5–7 cm, petiole 0.5–2 cm, like the rachis hairy. Leaflets in 4–10 pairs, narrowly elliptic, 2.5–15 X 0.8–4 mm, acute, on both sides sericeous with appressed hairs. Racemes sessile, rarely with a peduncle up to 2.5 cm, (1–)2–8-flowered. Bracts membranous, 1–3 mm. Calyx 3–5 mm, tubular, densely hairy; teeth 1–2 mm. Petals whitish or white suffused with mauve or pink. Standard 4–10 X 1.2–2.5 mm, narrowly oblong, retuse. Wings 4–6 mm. Keel 3–5 mm. Legumes mostly star-like spreading, straight or slightly curved, oblong-triangular, distinctly bigibbous at the base, acute at the tip, 4–12 mm long, 2.5–4 mm high and wide, with a deep dorsal groove, widened at the base; valves with short appressed hairs 0.05–0.15 mm and with much longer appressed to subappressed hairs up to 1.5 mm.

Steppes, semideserts, from the plains up to 3000 m. Xinjang, Xizang? [Afghanistan, India, Iran, Kazakstan, Kyrgyzstan, Pakistan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan; N Africa, Caucasus, SW Asia].

8. Sect. Cenantrum Bunge, Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint Pétersburg 11(16): 23. 1868.

膜荚组 mo jia zu

Ä¤¼Ô×é

Neodielsia Harms; A. sect. Cenantroides N.D.Simpson; A. sect. Polyphyllae N.D.Simpson; A. sect. Monadelphia K.T.Fu; A. sect. Albiflori Y.C.Ho.

Plants caulescent, erect. Hairs basifixed, white or black. Stipules green or greenish, rarely membranous, free from petiole and from each other, rarely the lower ones connate behind the stem. Leaves mostly nearly sessile or with a short petiole. Racemes with a long peduncle, many-flowered. Bracts persistent. Bracteoles absent. Flowers with a distinct pedicel. Calyx campanulate to shortly tubular, mostly laterally gibbous at the base, obliquely cut at the mouth. Petals mostly yellow or pale greenish-yellow, often drying purple, rarely purplish from the beginning; standard slightly to distinctly emarginate, rarely rounded. Stamina diadelphous or more rarely monadelphous. Style and stigma glabrous. Legumes ± long stipitate, unilocular; valves papery, glabrous or hairy.

1a. Innerside of calyx tube hairy in upper half

2a. Petals yellow; leaflets in 3-7 pairs, narrowly to widely elliptic; standard 18-24 mm; keel as long as the
standard 40. A. tongolensis

2b. Petals purplish; leaflets in 2-4 pairs, narrowly elliptic; standard 1.8-1.9 cm; keel distinctly shorter than standard, (1.2-) 1.5-1.6 cm 30. A. moellendorfii

1b. Innerside of calyx tube glabrous

3a. Ovary and legumes glabrous

4a. Leaflets in (1-)2 pairs; calyx 4-5 mm, ist teeth indistinct or up to 0.3 mm; standard 8-10 mm; keel longer than wings 24. A. henryi Oliv.

4b. Leaflets in at least 3, but mostly more pairs; calyx at least 5 mm but mostly distinctly longer; standard at least 13 mm but mostly longer; keel shorter or as long as the wings

5a. Leave rachis sparsely to loosely covered with appressed to spreading hairs; leaflets in 8-12 pairs
32. A. mongholicus Bunge

5b. Leave rachis glabrous; leaflets in 3-5 pairs

6a. Calyx 11-12 mm, sparsely to loosely covered with ± spreading brown or blackish hairs; bracts sparsely to loosely white and black hairy; standard limb 13–16 mm wide, widely ovate to orbicular; legumes 30-40(-50) mm long, ellipsoid-inflated, 15–30 mm high and 12-16 mm wide
17. A. bahrakianus

6b. Calyx at most up to 11 mm but mostly shorter, glabrous or appressed white hairy; bracts glabrous or only white hairy; standard limb rhombic to elliptic, up to 12 mm wide; legumes 20–30 mm long, strongly compressed laterally (unknown in A. sichuanensis)

7a. Racemes 6–16 cm, many-flowered; bracts glabrous or sparsely ciliate; calyx 6–8 mm, often glabrous; ovary with a stipe 6–8 mm 15. A. aksuensis

7b. Racemes short, 5–10-flowered; bracts densely appressed hairy; calyx 9–11 mm, its teeth very short to mostly inconspicuous; ovary with a stipe 12–14 mm 38. A, sichuanensis

3b. Ovary and legumes hairy

8a. Stems in lower third to half without developped leaves 36. A. przewalskii

8b. Steams leafy throughout

9a. Leaflets in 8-15 pairs

10a. Leaflets very narrowly elliptic narrowly elliptic, 10–17(–20) x 2–6 mm; calyx in the youth with long white or black hairs, therefore racemes sericeous, with age loosely to rather densely and mostly black hairy; standard 12-13 x 4-4.5 mm, narrowly oblong-elliptic, deeply incised
22. A. floridulus

10b. Leaflets relatively wider; calyx without long white or black hairs and not sericeus in the youth; standard elliptic to obovate, if narrowly oblong-elliptic, than rounded (in A. degensis)

11a. Leaflets on upper side sparsely, on underside loosely hairy; petals dark purple to blackish violet;
stem up to 7 mm thick 35. A. petrovii

11b. Leaflets on upper side glabrous, on underside sparsely hairy; petals yellow or rarely pale lilac or purple; stem up to 3 mm thick

12a. Calyx ca. 5 mm, white hairy; standard ca. 8 mm; legumes shortly stipitate, densely densely hairy 18. A. changduensis

12b. Calyx mostly distinctly longer; standard distinctly longer, at least 1.1 cm; legumes with a stipe at least 4 mm but mostly longer, ± black hairy

13a. Plants in vegetative parts furnished with appressed to spreading hairs 1-1.5(-2) mm; leaflets rounded to emarginate; calyx teeth 0.5-1.5 mm; standard 13-20 x 7–9 mm, widely elliptic, emarginate, at the base with a long claw; legumes obliquely ellipsoid, 2-3 cm
32. A. mongholicus

13b. Plants in vegetative parts furnished with appressed hairs 0.3-0.6 mm; leaflets acute to emarginate but with a distinct cusp ca. 0.5 mm; calyx teeth ca. 3 mm; standard 11–13 x 5 mm, narrowly oblong-elliptic, rounded, abruptly contracted into a very short claw; legumes ellipsoid, 1.3-1.7 mm 20. A. degensis

9b. Leaflets in up to 9, but at least in part in fewer pairs

14a. Plants totally glabrous with exception of innerside of calyx teeth; rachis at the insertion of leaflets often with simple or divided emergences and or with stalked glands; stamentube monadelphius
41. A. xitaibaicus

14b. Plants at least in some parts hairy; rachis at the insertion without emergences and glands; stamen tube diadelphous or monadelphous

15a. Lower stipules distinctly vaginate-connate; calyx 1–1.4 cm, its teeth 4–7(–8) mm; petals yellow, sometimes violet-suffused when dry 27. A. longilobus

15b. All stipules free; calyx and calyx teeth distinctly shorter

16a. Standard 1-1.2 cm

17a. Leaflets glabrous or ciliate at the margins; calyx glabrous; petals yellow
19. A. chilienshanensis Y.C.Ho

– 17b. Leaflets and calyx glabrous; petals at least partly purple or bluish

18a. Stem ca. 2 mm thick; leaflets on upper side glabrous; bracts sparsely black hairy; calyx 4.5–5 mm; petals blue to blue-violet with yellowish base 33. A. muliensis Hand.-Mazz.

18b. Stem ca. 6 mm thick; leaflets on upper side sparsely hairy; bracts glabrous or sparsely white ciliate at the margins; calyx ca. 6 mm; petals yellow with purple tipped standard or keel or all purplish 29. A. minhensis X.Y.Zhu & C.J.Chen

16b. Standard distinctly longer, if only 1–1.2 cm, than stamina monadelphous

19a. Leaflets 10-17 x 3-7 mm; bracteoles 0.5-1 mm, at the pedicel; calyx 4(-5) mm; petals lilac to dark purple 37. A. purpurinus

19b. Leaflets at least in part distinctly longer; bracteoles absent (only in A. arnoldianus sometimes present); calyx at least 5 mm but mostly distinctly longer; petals yellow in life, but sometimes purple when dry

20a. Bracts 3-5 mm; stems glabrous or with appressed hairs

21a. Calyx hairy only at the upper margins and the teeth, its teeth 2