山黧豆属 shan li dou shu
Annual or perennial herbs; stem erect or climbing, winged or wingless. Leaves paripinnate, with 1-many leaflets, rarely phyllodic or reduced to modified stipules, terminating in branched or simple tendril or aristate; stipules semisagittate or sagittate, sometimes large and leaf-like; leaflets elliptic, ovate, ovate-oblong, lanceolate or linear; veins parallel, pinnate or reticulate. Racemes axillary, pedunculate with 1 to many flowers; flowers purple, pink, yellow or white, sometimes crimson, brick red or orange; calyx campanulate, unequally or equally toothed. Style dorsally compressed, linear or spathulate, pubescent on adaxial (inner) surface. Legume laterally compressed, dehiscent. Seeds 2 to many.
About 150 species: mainly in Asia, Europe, and North America with some South American endemics; 18 species (three endemic) in China.
The yellow-flowered species of south-east China are a particularly difficult and poorly understood group, represented by only limited gatherings.
1a. Leaves without tendril at apex (aristate).
2a. Stem slightly winged; leaflets with 3 (sometimes 4 or
5) parallel veins
................................................................................................................. 13. L. komarovii
2b. Stem wingless; leaflets with reticulate veins.
3a. Flowers purple-red; stipules linear or spur-like (subulate)................................ 8. L. vaniotii
3b. Flowers orange-yellow or yellow; stipules foliaceous (>3mm wide)
4a. Leaflets ovate or elliptic ovate..................................................................... 6. L. gmelinii
4b. Leaflets linear to linear-lanceolate................................................................ 7. L. krylovii
1b. Leaves with simple or branched tendril at apex.
5a. Stem winged (>1mm).
6a. Leaves with 1 pair of leaflets; style twisted.
7a. Racemes with 5–15 flowers .................................................................... 17. L. latifolius
7b. Racemes with 1–3(or 4) flowers.
8a. Leaflets elliptic, ovate-oblong to elliptic; flowers
20–30 mm; legume wingless
16.
L. odoratus
8b. Leaflets lanceolate to linear; flowers 12–15(–24) mm; legume winged at suture 15. L. sativus
6b. Leaves with more than 1 pair of leaflets; style not twisted.
9a. Stipules similar to leaflets, 3.5 cm or longer; leaflets oval to oblong............ 2. L. pisiformis
9b. Stipules less than 3.5 cm; leaflets linear, linear-lanceolate or elliptic-lanceolate.
10a. Leaflets with pinnate or sub-parallel veins, stipules without reflexed basal spur 11. L. palustris
10b. Leaflets with 5 prominent parallel veins, stipules with reflexed basal spur
12. L. quinquenervius
5b. Stem wingless.
11a. Leaves with 1 pair of leaflets.
12a. Flowers yellow, stipules sagittate............................................................. 18. L. pratensis
12b. Flowers purple-red, stipules semi-sagittate.............................................. 14. L. tuberosus
11b. Leaves with more than 1 pair of leaflets.
13a. Stipules large, subequal or equal to leaflets; leaflets
ovate to broadly ovate
.................................................................................................................... 1.
L. davidii
13b. Stipules obviously smaller than leaflets.
14a. Leaflets large, 9–12 cm long, ovate-lanceolate, strongly
caudate at apex
9.
L. caudatus
14b. Leaflets less than 9cm long, not strongly caudate at apex.
15a. Stem procumbent; stipules sagittate...................................................... 5. L. japonicus
15b. Stem erect; stipules semisagittate.
16a. Lowest calyx tooth equal to tube, leaflets with sub-parallel veins, oblong-lanceolate 11. L. palustris
16b. Lowest calyx tooth shorter than tube, Leaflets with reticulate veins, not oblong-lanceolate.
17a. Leaflets narrowly elliptic or narrowly ovate; corolla yellow ........... 10. L. anhuiensis
17b. Leaflets elliptic, ovate or oblong; corolla pink or purple.
18a. Plant 20–30 cm high; racemes with 2–5 flowers ............................... 3. L. humilis
18b. Plant 80–100 cm high; racemes with 9–11(–13) flowers .............. 4. L. dielsianus
大山黧豆 da shan li dou
Perennial herbs with tuberous roots, 1–1.8 m; stems, strong, erect or decumbent, glabrous, wingless, hollow in lower parts. Leaves with strong, branched tendrils; stipules large, often similar to leaflets 4–6 cm long, semisagittate, ovate, entire or sometimes dentate at base; leaflets (2 or)3- or 4(or 5)-paired, usually ovate, mucronate, entire, 4–7 × 5–11 cm, glabrous, with reticulate veins. Racemes axillary, subequal to the leaf, with 10-40 flowers; calyx campanulate, ca. 5 mm, glabrous, shortly toothed. Flowers yellow, maturing to orange 1.5–2 cm; banner elliptic, with claw; wings subequal to banner, auriculate at base. Ovary linear, glabrous. Legume linear, orange-brown 8–15 cm. Seeds broadly oblong, purple-brown, smooth. Fl. May–Jul, fr. Aug–Oct.
Forest margins, scrub forests, slopes; below 1800 m. Anhui, Gansu, Hebei, Henan, Heilongjiang, Hubei, Hunan, Jilin, Nei Mongol, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Shandong [Japan, Korea, Russia].
大托叶山黧豆– da tuo ye shan li dou
Perennial herbs, to 2 m; stem erect, glabrous, winged. Leaves with branched tendril at apex; stipules large, 3.5–6.5 cm, ovate or elliptic, glabrous, often with dentate basal lobe; leaflets 3–5-paired, narrowly ovate, ovate-lanceolate or elliptic-lanceolate, 5.5–9 × 2–3 cm, glabrous, with sub-parallel veins. Racemes axillary, with 8–14 flowers; calyx campanulate, ca. 12 mm, glabrous, unequally toothed. Flowers red-purple; banner 13 mm, retuse at apex, often with darker veining; wings auriculate at base; keels ca. 12 mm. Ovary linear, glabrous. Legume ca. 45 × 5.5 mm, dark brown. Seeds oblate spherical, light yellow, smooth. Fl. May–Jun, fr. Jul–Aug.
Forests, valleys, river banks; 1100–1500 m. Xinjiang [Russia; N Europe].
矮山黧豆 ai shan li dou
Orobus humilis Seringe in Candolle, Prodr. 2: 378. 1825;
Lathyrus altaicus Ledebour.
Perennial herbs, 20–30 cm high; stem slender, erect, sometimes branching, puberulent, wingless. Leaves paripinnate; tendril weakly branched or simple; stipules 1–1.6 cm, foliose, semisagittate, dentate; leaflets (2 or)3- or 4-paired, ovate or elliptic, 1.5–3(–5) × 1–2 cm, glabrous or abaxially puberulent, with reticulate veins. Racemes axillary, shorter than leaf, with 2–5 flowers; calyx campanulate, lowest tooth ca. half length of tube. Flowers purple-red, 1.5–2 cm; banner rotund, with claw; wings and keels auriculate at base. Ovary linear, glabrous. Legume linear, 4.3–5 cm. Seeds elliptic, red-brown, smooth. Fl. May–Jul, fr. Aug–Sep.
Forest margins, scrub forests, hill grasslands; below 2500 m. Gansu, Heilongjiang, Hebei, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Shanxi, Xinjiang [Korea, Mongolia, Russia].
中华山黧豆– zhong hua shan li dou
Lathyrus wilsonii Craib.
Lathyrus davidii Hance var roseus C.W. Chang.
Perennial herbs, 80–100 cm high; stem erect, glabrous, wingless. Leaves with simple or branched tendril; stipules oblique-ovate, toothed; on upper leaves often lanceolate, entire; leaflets (2 or)3- or 4(or 5)-paired, ovate to ovate-lanceolate, 3.5–5.5(–6.5) × 1.3–2(–3.5) cm, glabrous, with reticulate veins. Racemes axillary, shorter than or subequal leaf, with 9–11(–13) flowers; calyx campanulate, 7–8 mm, glabrous, short-toothed, lowest tooth shorter than tube 1.5–2 mm. Flowers pink or purple, 1.8–1.9 cm; banner rotund, with claw; wings obovate, auriculate at base. Ovary linear, glabrous. Legume linear, 5.5–8 cm, brown. Seeds elliptic, ca. 5 mm, smooth. Fl. May–Jun, fr. Jul–Aug.
* Forests, slopes, river banks. Hubei, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Sichuan.
海滨山黧豆 hai bin shan li dou
Pisum maritimum Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 727. 1753;
L. aleuticus (Greene ex T. G. White) Pobedimova;
L. japonicus var. aleuticus (Greene ex T. G. White) Fernald;
L. japonicus subsp. maritimus (Linnaeus) P. W. Ball [Nick to see Feddes Repert. 79: 45. 1968 for why P. maritimum 1753 can be correctly combined under L. japonicus 1802];
L. japonicus var. maritimus Kartesz & Gandhi;
L. japonicus f. pubescens (Hartman) H. Ohashi & Tateishi;
L. japonicus subsp. pubescens (Hartman) Korobkov;
L. japonicus var. pubescens (Hartman) Karlsson;
L. maritimus (Linnaeus) Bigelow;
L. maritimus var. aleuticus Greene ex T. G. White;
L. maritimus f. pubescens (Hartman) Saelán;
L. maritimus subsp. pubescens (Hartman) C. Regel;
L. maritimus var. velutinus Fries;
P. maritimum var. pubescens Hartman;
Perennial herbs, 15–50 cm high; stem stoloniferous, creeping, wingless. Leaves with branched or simple tendril; stipules 1–3 cm, sagittate, glabrous; leaflets 3–5-paired, long elliptic or obovate, 25–33 × 11–18 mm, glabrous, with reticulate veins visible on both surfaces. Racemes axillary, shorter than leaf, with 2–5 flowers; calyx campanulate, 9–10(–12) mm, glabrous, calyx teeth unequal, lowest tooth 5–6 mm. Flowers purple, ca. 21 mm; banner rotund, with claw; wings narrowly obovate, occasionally white. Ovary linear, glabrous or rarely hairy. Legume compressed, ca. 5 cm, brown or purple-brown, glabrous or puberulent. Seeds subglobose. Fl. May–Jul, fr. Jul–Aug.
Seashores. Hebei, Jiangsu, Liaoning, Shandong, Zhejiang [widely distributed on coasts of Asia, Europe, North America, and South America (Chile)].
Although widely recognized, the two forms appear to be sympatric and intrograde. Plants with white wings and keels have been described as [what? Lathyrus japonicus?] f. albiflorus Miyabe & Tatewaki (Trans. Sapporo Nat. Hist. Soc. 14: 185. 1936).
Plant glabrous or slightly hairy have been called Lathyrus japonicus f. japonicus, whereas plants obviously hairy have been called L. japonicus f. pubescens. The two forms are sympatrically distributed in China.
新疆山黧豆– xin jiang shan li dou
Lathyrus laevigatus Fritsch subsp. gmelinii (Fischer ex Candolle) Hendrych;
L. luteus (Linnaeus) Moench var. gmelinii (Fischer ex Candolle) Reichenbach.
Perennial herbs, 60–150 cm high; stem erect, glabrous, wingless. Leaves aristate at apex; stipules foliose, semisagittate, 15–30 × 4–10 mm, glabrous, toothed; leaflets 3- or 4-paired, ovate, elliptic or long elliptic, rarely lanceolate, 3–6(–9) × 1–5 cm, glabrous, with pinnate veins. Racemes axillary, longer than leaf, with 7–12 flowers, glabrous; calyx campanulate, ca. 1 cm, glabrous, lowest tooth 2 mm. Flowers orange-yellow, 2.5–3 cm; banner ovate, with claw; wings obovate, auriculate at base. Ovary linear, ca. 1.8 cm, glabrous. Legume linear, 6–8 cm, brown. Seeds light brown, smooth. Fl. May–Jul, fr. Jul–Aug.
Forests, river banks; 1400–2400 m. Xinjiang [Russia].
This and a number of other Eurasian taxa may represent entities in Lathyrus laevigatus (Waldst. et Kit) Grenier [author is “Fritsch” in synonymy of spp. 6 & 7 here! Same taxon?], from which they are poorly distinguished.
狭叶山黧豆 xia ye shan li dou
Lathyrus laevigatus Fritsch subsp. krylovii (Sergievskaja) Hendrych.
Perennial herbs, 60–80 cm high; stem erect, glabrous, wingless. Leaves aristate at apex; stipules semisagittate, lanceolate or linear, 10–25 × 3–7 mm; leaflets 2–4-paired, linear, to linear-lanceolate, 5–13 × 0.3–1.6 cm, glabrous, with pinnate veins. Racemes longer than leaf, with 2–4 flowers; calyx campanulate, ca. 8 mm, glabrous, lowest tooth ca. 1.5 mm. Flowers yellow, 2–5 cm; banner rotund, ca. 2.7 cm, with claw; wings narrowly obovate, auriculate at base. Ovary linear, glabrous. Legume linear, 8–9 cm, brown. Seeds elliptic, 3–4 mm. Fl. Jun–Jul, fr. Aug–Sep.
Hill forests; ca. 1800 m. Xinjiang [Russia].
东北山黧豆 dong bei shan li dou
Perennial herbs, 40–70 cm high; stem erect, glabrous, wingless. Leaves aristate at apex; stipules semisagittate, subulate, occasionally linear, falcate with a short (2mm) basal spur, 5–15 × 1–3 mm; leaflets (2 or)3- or 4(–6)-paired, lanceolate or narrowly lanceolate on lower stem leaves, narrowly ovate, rarely oblong on upper stem leaves, 4–6 × 1.5–2.5 cm, glabrous, with reticulate veins, dark green above, glaucous-grey below, apex shortly mucronate. Racemes axillary, with 4–8 flowers; calyx campanulate, ca. 11 mm, glabrous, lowest tooth 4 mm. Flowers purple-red, 1.8–2.5 cm; banner ca. 21 mm, with claw; wings equal banner, ovate. Ovary linear, glabrous. Fl. May–Jun.
Forested slopes. Heilongjiang, Jilin [Korea].
惨渡谨蠖 wei ye shan li dou
Perennial herbs, to 120 cm high; stem strong, erect, branched, sparsely glandular, wingless. Leaves with simple or weakly branching tendril; stipules semisagittate, linear-lanceolate, 12–18 × 1.5–2 mm; leaflets 4- or 5-paired, ovate-lanceolate, 9–12 × 2.5–4 cm, glabrous, with 5 prominent veins. Racemes axillary, ca.10 cm, with many flowers; calyx campanulate, unequal toothed, lowest tooth ca.7 mm. Flowers light yellow, 1.8–2 cm; banner rotund, with claw; wings slightly shorter than keels. Ovary linear, glabrous, brown glandular. Legume linear, 6–8 cm, brown glandular. Seeds 8–12.
* Scrub forests; 100–200 m. Zhejiang (Jiande Xian).
This species is known only from the type gathering.
安徽山黧豆 an hui shan li dou
Perennial herbs, 80–120 cm high; stem erect, much branched, glabrous, wingless. Leaves 10–30 cm, mucronate or with a simple tendril at apex; stipules semisagittate, 8–15 × 2–5 mm; leaflets 3–8-paired, narrowly elliptic or narrowly ovate, 3–7 × 1–3 cm, entire, glabrous, with pinnate veins. Racemes axillary, subequal or shorter than leaf, with ca. 10 flowers; calyx campanulate, unequal, longest tooth less than 1/5 of tube. Flowers yellow, 14–18 mm; banner broadly obovate, with claw; wings shorter than banner, obovate, subequal to keel. Ovary linear, ca. 11 mm, purple-brown glandular-hairy; style curved inward. Legume linear, 6–8 cm, light brown. Seeds oblong, brown. Fl. May–Jul, fr. Jun–Sep.
* SE Anhui (Xuancheng Xian), Hupeh.
This species is known only from the type gathering (which was not available for this revision).
The plants described as Lathyrus henanensis S. Y. Wang (Fl. Henan 2: 347. 1988) may represent individuals of this species, but L. henanensis S. Y. Wang was described as having a glabrous ovary and branching tendrils.
Two incomplete Augustine Henry specimens may represent additional gatherings of this taxon: Aug. Henry 6595, held at BM and a specimen dated 1889, held at K.
欧山黧豆 ou shan li dou
Perennial herbs, 15–100 cm high; stem climbing, branched, pubescent or glabrous, winged or unwinged. Leaves with simple or branched tendril at apex; stipules semisagittate, 12–25(–30) × 2–10 mm; leaflets 2–4-paired, linear to broadly lanceolate, without reflexed basal spur, 3–6 × 0.4–1(–1.5) cm, pubescent; veins pinnate or sub-parallel, prominent on abaxial leaf surface. Racemes axillary, longer than leaf, with (2 or)3 or 4(–10) flowers; calyx campanulate, unequal toothed. Flowers purple, 13–15(–20) mm; banner obovate, with claw; wings shorter than banner, obovate and longer than keels. Ovary linear. Legume linear, 3–4 cm, beaked at apex. Fl., fr. Jul–Sep.
Marshes, wet meadows, a weed of rice fields; sea level to 3500m. Gansu, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Hubei, Jiangsu, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Qinghai, Shanxi, Sichuan, Xinjiang, Xizang, Yunnan Zhejiang [Japan, Korea, Mongolia, Russia, Europe, North America].
Lathyrus palustris is widely distributed in the north temperate zone in Europe, Russia, East Asia and North America. It is a highly variable taxon with many entities described from it, although few of these stand up to scrutiny. East Asian specimens are often referred to subsp. pilosus, but this is based purely on pubescence, a character with no other correlates. Consequently we treat pubescent individuals at the varietal level. This species is often confused with L. quinquenervius. See under that species for the distinguishing characters.
Are you still happy with classification of the varieties under these two subspecies?
1a. Stem wingless (subsp. exalatus H. P Tsui) ....................................................... 11c. var. exalatus
1b. Stem winged (subsp. palustris).
2a. Leaves with branched tendril; leaflets 2–4-paired; racemes (2 or)3- or 4(or 5)-flowered, pubescent..................................................................................................................... 11a. var. pilosus
2b. Leaves with unbranched, short tendril; leaflets 1- or 2(or 3)-paired; racemes 1- or 2(–4)-flowered, puberulent or glabrous........................................................................... 11b. var. linearifolius
X. Y. Zhu (in X. Y. Zhu et al., Legumes China, 204. 2007) accepted this name:
毛山黧豆 mao shan li dou
Lathyrus pilosus Chamisso, Linnaea 6: 548. 1831.
Plant pubescent. Stem winged. Leaves with branched tendril; leaflets 2–4-paired; stipules semisagittate; racemes with (2 or)3 or 4(or 5) flowers.
Gansu, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Hubei, Jiangsu, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Qinghai, Shanxi, Zhejiang [Japan, Korea, Mongolia, Russia].
Glabrous plants with the characteristics of var. pilosus can be referred to the autonym, L. palustris var. palustris, but such individuals have not been reported from China.
X. Y. Zhu (loc. cit.: 204) accepted this name:
线叶山黧豆 xian ye shan li dou
Plant puberulent or glabrous 10-40cm high. Stem usually narrowly winged; Leaves with short, simple tendril at apex; stipules linear; leaflets 1- or 2(or –3)-paired, linear, rarely elliptic-lanceolate. Racemes with 1 or –2(–4) flowers–.
· Sichuan, Yunnan.
X. Y. Zhu (loc. cit.: 204) accepted this name:
无翅山黧豆 wu chi shan li dou
Lathyrus palustris subsp. exalatus H. P. Tsui, Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 4(1): 54. 1984.
Plant glabrous, occasionally puberulent. Stems wingless Stipules large, 12–25(–30) × 2–8 mm; leaflets usually broadly lanceolate, veins sub-parallel, 3–6 × 0.5–1(–1.5) cm. Racemes lax with (2 or)3–8(–10) flowers.
· Shanxi, Sichuan, Xinjiang, Xizang, Yunnan.
What about Lathyrus palustris [subsp. exalatus] f. pubescens H. P. Tsui, Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 4(1): 56. 1984 (微毛山黧豆 wei mao shan li dou)? Discuss in comment or sink in synonymy somewhere. This has recently been raised to varietal rank as L. palustris var. pubescens (H. P. Tsui) X. Y. Zhu (loc. cit.: 205). Zhu recognized at total of five varieties in China, including the autonym.
山黧豆 shan li dou
Vicia quinquenervia Miquel, Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 3: 50. 1867.
Perennial herbs, 20–80 cm high; stem erect or clambering over surrounding vegetation, rarely branched, winged. Leaves with simple tendril; stipules linear, with reflexed basal spur, often sickle-shaped (falcate), 7–23 × 0.2–2 mm; leaflets 1- or 2(or 3)-paired, elliptic-lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, 35–80 × 5–8 mm, pubescent, with 5 stiff, prominent parallel veins, rigid when dry. Racemes axillary with 5–8 flowers; calyx campanulate, pubescent, lowest tooth equal to tube. Flowers purple-blue or purple, sometimes with white wings and keel (12–)15–20 mm; banner rotund, with claw; wings narrowly obovate, auriculate at base. Ovary densely hairy. Legume linear, 3–5 cm. Fl. May–Jul, fr. Aug–Sep.
This species is often confused with Lathyrus palustris but can be distinguished by the five strong parallel nerves in long, slender leaflets. The linear, acute stipules with a reflexed basal spur, the strong wings on the stems and the simple tendrils also aid in identification.
Forests, hill slopes, roadsides; below 2500 m. Gansu, Heilongjiang, Hebei, Hubei, Henan, Jiangsu, Jilin, Nei Mongol, Qinghai, Shanxi, Shengdong, Sichuan [Japan, Korea, Russia].
Herbarium specimens are often mislabeled as Lathyrus palustris var. linearifolius.
三脉山黧豆 san mai shan li dou
Orobus alatus Maximowicz, Prim. Fl. Amur. 83. 1859;
Lathyrus alatus (Maximowicz) Komarov (1904), not Tenore (1811), nor Smith (1813);
O. vernus Linnaeus var. alatus (Maximowicz) Regel.
Perennial herbs, 40–70 cm high; stem erect, rarely branched, glabrous, narrowly winged. Leaves aristate at apex; leaf rachis narrowly winged; stipules semisagittate, 15–25 × 3–8(–12) mm, rarely dentate; leaflets (2 or)3–5-paired, narrowly ovate to oblanceolate, acuminate, glabrous, with 3(–5) parallel veins sunken on adaxial surface, raised on abaxial. Racemes axillary, shorter than leaf, with 3–8 flowers; bracts membranous, persistent; calyx campanulate, glabrous, lowest tooth ca. 5 mm, equal to the tube. Flowers purple, 13–18 mm; banner rotund, with claw; wings shorter than banner, auriculate at base. Ovary linear, glabrous. Legume linear, 3.7–4.5 cm, black-brown, glabrous. Seeds subglobose, brown, smooth. Fl. May–Jun, fr. Jun–Aug.
Forests, grasslands. Heilongjiang, Jilin, Nei Mongol [Korea, Russia].
玫红山黧豆 mei hong shan li dou
Perennial herbs; rhizomes bearing small tubers. Stems 30–120 cm high, erect, glabrous, wingless. Leaves with simple or branched tendril at apex; stipules semisagittate, 5–20 × 1–4 mm; leaflets 1-paired, elliptic, oblong or obovate, glabrous, with parallel veins. Racemes axillary, with 2–7 flowers; calyx campanulate, 6–7 mm, lowest tooth shorter than tube. Flowers purple-red, 1.5–2 cm; banner subovate, with claw; wings obovate, auriculate at base. Ovary linear; style twisted. Legume linear, 2–4 cm, brown, glabrous. Seeds elliptic, brown, tuberculate. Fl. Jun–Aug, fr. Aug–Sep.
Water meadows, river banks; 500–2400 m. Xinjiang [Kazakhstan, Russia; Europe].
家山黧豆 jia shan li dou
Annual herbs, 30–50(–70) cm high; stem suberect, glabrous, winged. Leaves with tendril at apex; leaf rachis winged; stipules semisagittate, 18–25 × 2–5 mm; leaflets 1-paired, lanceolate to linear, 18–25 × 2–4 mm, entire, with parallel veins. Racemes with 1 flower, rarely 2; rachis 3–6 cm; calyx campanulate, subequal toothed, 2–3 times longer than tube. Flowers white, blue or pink. Ovary linear; style twisted. Legume subelliptic, 2.5–3.5(–4) cm, 2 winged along sutures. Seeds smooth. Fl. Jun–Jul, fr. Aug.
Cultivated as a fodder crop in N China, casual elsewhere [native to N Africa, SW Asia, and Europe].
香豌豆 xiang wan dou
Annual herbs, 50–200 cm high; stem climbing, much branched, somewhat hairy, winged. Leaves with branched tendril at apex; leaf rachis winged; stipules semisagittate; leaflets 1-paired, ovate-oblong or elliptic, 2–6 × 0.7–3 cm, entire, with pinnate veins, rarely subparallel veins. Racemes axillary, longer than leaf, with 1–3(or 4) flowers; calyx campanulate, equal toothed and longer than tube. Flowers usually purple, or other colors. Ovary linear; style twisted. Legume linear, 5–7 cm, brown-yellow, pubescent. Seeds smooth. Fl., fr. Jun–Sep.
Widely cultivated in China and Worldwide as an ornamental and cut flower [native to Sicily].
宽叶山黧豆 kuan ye shan li dou
Perennial herbs, to 3 m high; stem erect, quadrangular, pubescent or glabrous, winged. Leaves with branched tendril at apex; stipules semisagittate, lanceolate to ovate; leaflets 1-paired, elliptic to elliptic-rotund, or ovate to linear, (3–)4–15 × 0.3–5 cm, with parallel veins. Racemes with 5–15 flowers; calyx campanulate, ca. 6 mm, equally 5 toothed. Flowers purple to pink, (15–)20–30 mm, style twisted. Legume 5–11 cm, brown, glabrous. Seeds 10–15.
Cultivated in Shaanxi [native to Europe; cultivated worldwide in temperate areas as an ornamental and fodder crop].
牧地山黧豆 mu di shan li dou
Perennial herbs, 30–120 cm high; stem decumbent or climbing, wingless. Leaves with simple or branched tendril at apex; stipules sagittate, (5–)10–45 × 3–10(–15) mm; leaflets 1-paired, elliptic, lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, 10–30(–50) × 2–9(–13) mm, puberulent, with parallel veins. Racemes axillary, 3 to 6 times longer than leaf, with 5–12 flowers; calyx campanulate, pubescent, lowest tooth longer than tube. Flowers yellow, 12–18 mm; banner rotund, ca. 14 mm, with claw; wings slightly shorter than banner. Legume linear, 2.5–4.5 cm, black. Seeds rotund, yellow or brown, smooth. Fl. Jun–Aug, fr. Aug–Oct.
Forests, hill slopes, roadsides. Gansu, Hubei, Heilongjiang, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Xinjiang, Yunnan [Asia; Europe].