FABACEAE Tribe HEDYSAREAE [Draft]
岩黄耆族 yan huang qi zu
Xu Langran (徐朗然 Xu Lang-rang)[1]; Byoung-Hee Choi[2]
Herbs, shrublets, or shrubs. Stipules often scarious, connate around stem or free. Leaves odd-pinnate; leaflets margin entire. Racemes axillary; bract and bracteoles small. Corolla marcescent or caduceus; wings sometimes very reduced. Vexillary stamen free or connate in middle with others; free part of filaments filiform; anthers uniform. Ovary 1 to several ovulate. Fruits jointed or 1-seeded, indehiscent, often with bristles or spines. Seed reniform.
About 350 species: N Africa, North America, Asia, Europe; 3 genera and 49 species (18 endemic and one cultivated) in China.
1a. Legumes with 1 loment; loment semi-orbicular; perennial herb; wings ca. 1/4 as long as standard 3. Onobrychis
1b. Legumes divided into (1 or)2--5(--7) loments; loments ellipsoid to ovoid; perennial herb or shrublets; wings 2/5 to as long as standard or if 1/4--1/3 as long as standard then shrublets.
2a. Legume adaxial suture grooved; corolla standard not turned backward at anthesis; corolla keel with claw longer than half of lamina; shrublets, stems conspicuous; corolla marcescent on mature fruits; stipules deciduous; pollen colporoidate ............................................................................................................. 1. Corethrodendron
2b. Legume sutures connate or winged; standard turned backward at anthesis; keel with claw half as long or less than lamina; herbs, perennial, if shrublets then stems inconspicuous; corolla mostly deciduous at mature fruits; stipules marcescent or deciduous; pollen colpate or colporoidate ........................................ 2. Hedysarum
1. CORETHRODENDRON Fisher & Basiner, Bull. Cl. Phys.-Math. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg 4: 315. 1845.
山竹子属 shan zhu zi shu
Shrublets. Stems conspicuous. Stipules 2, opposite petiole, scarious, connate or free, deciduous. Leaves odd-pinnate; leaflet blades opposite, margin entire. Racemes axillary, lax, many flowered; bracts marcescent or caduceus. Bracteoles 2 at base of calyx. Calyx campanulate or obliquely campanulate; teeth 5, unequal or subequal. Corolla purple or pinkish purple, marcescent on mature fruits; standard longer than wings, slightly longer than keel, not turned backward at anthesis; keel with claw longer than half of lamina. Stamens 9+1, diadelphous. Ovary sessile. Legume divided into several loments, indehiscent, adaxial suture grooved; loments compressed or biconvex, lanose, pubescent, or glabrous, with or without prickles.
Four species: China, Kazakhstan, Mongolia, Russia; five species (one endemic) in China.
1a. Leaves at apex without leaflet to only one at terminating rachis; legume densely lanose ........ 1. C. scoparium
1b. Leaves normally odd-pinnate; legume glabrous to pubescent.
2a. Calyx tube split between adaxial or lateral teeth; leaflet blades 15--31, broadly ovate to suborbicular.
3a. Calyx obliquely campanulate, tube split between adaxial teeth .................................... 2. C. multijugum
3b. Calyx 2-labiate, tube split between adaxial and lateral teeth .......................................... 3. C. krassnovii
2a. Calyx tube not split between teeth; leaflet blades (5--)11--19(--21), oblong, elliptic, broadly linear, or lanceolate.
4a. Legume pubescent and prickly ............................................................................................ 4.C. fruticosum
4b. Legume glabrous ..................................................................................................................... 5. C. lignosum
1. Corethrodendron scoparium (Fischer & C. A. Meyer) Fischer & Basiner, Bull. Cl. Phys.-Math. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg 4: 315. 1845.
细枝山竹子 xi zhi shan zhu zi
Hedysarum scoparium Fischer & C. A. Meyer, Enum. Pl. Nov. 1: 87. 1841; H. arbuscula Maximowicz.
Shrublets, 0.7--2(--3)m tall. Stems pale yellow to brown, erect, with fibrous stripping. Stipules ovate-lanceolate, 5--6 mm, basally connate. Leaves 10--25 cm, basal ones with 7--11 leaflets, apical ones with 3 or 5 leaflets or sometimes none; leaflet blades linear-oblong to narrowly lanceolate, 1.5--3 X 0.3--0.6 cm, abaxially pilose, adaxially pubescent to glabrous. Racemes lax, with many flowers; bracts ovate, 1--1.5 mm; peduncle longer than leaves. Pedicel 2--3 mm. Calyx campanulate, 5--6 mm, pubescent; teeth triangular, unequal, abaxial 3 longer than adaxial 2. Corolla purple; standard obovate-orbicular, 1.5--1.9 cm; wings ca. 1/2 as long as standard; keel slightly shorter than standard. Ovary pubescent. Legume divided into 2--4 loments; loments broadly ovoid, 5--6 X 3--4 mm, inflated, densely white lanose. Fl. Jun--Sep, fr. Aug--Oct. 2n = 16*.
Sandy areas in deserts and semideserts; 600--1100 m. Gansu, W Nei Mongol, Ningxia, Qinghai, N Shaanxi, N Xinjiang [Kazakhstan, S Mongolia].
Important dune-fixing plants in arid regions.
2. Corethrodendron multijugum (Maximowicz) B. H. Choi & H. Ohashi, Taxon 52: 573. 2003.
红花山竹子 hong hua shan zhu zi
Hedysarum multijugum Maximowicz, Bull. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg 27: 464. 1881; H. multijugum f. albiflorus Y. H. Wu.
Shrublets, 30--70 cm tall. Stems caespitose, erect. Stipules ovate-lanceolate, 4--6 mm, basally connate. Leaves 6--18 cm, with 15--29 leaflets; leaflet blades broadly ovate to suborbicular, 5--8(--1.5) X 3--5(--8) mm, abaxially pubescent, adaxially glabrous. Racemes lax, with many flowers; peduncle conspicuously longer than leaves. Pedicel 1--2 mm; bracteoles ± as long as pedicel. Calyx obliquely campanulate, 5--6 mm, pubescent; tube split ca. 1/2 between adaxial teeth; teeth subulate, 1/4--1/3 as long as tube, abaxial most one ca. 2 X longer than the others. Corolla purple, pinkish purple or rarely white; standard broadly ovate, 1.7--2 cm; wings ca. 1/2 as long as standard; keel slightly shorter than wings. Ovary pubescent. Legume usually divided into 2 or 3 loments; loments ellipsoid to semiglobose, 3.5--4.5 X 3--4 mm, pubescent and prickly. Fl. Jun--Aug, fr. Aug--Sep.
* Gravel areas, stony slopes; 500--3800 m. Gansu, Hebei, W Henan, W Hubei, W Nei Mongol, Ningxia, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shanxi, NW Sichuan, NE Xizang.
3. Corethrodendron krassnovii (B. Fedtschenko) B. H. Choi & H. Ohashi, Taxon 52: 573. 2003.
帕米尔山竹子 pa mi er shan zhu zi
Hedysarum krassnovii B. Fedtschenko in Bull. Herb. Boiss. ser. 2, 4: 916. 1904.
Shrublets, 60--100 cm tall. Stems erect, many-branched, internodes short. Stipules brown, lanceolate, basally connate. Leaves 9--20 cm, with 15--31 leaflets; leaflet blades elliptic to almost orbicular, 3--9 X 3--7 mm, abaxially slightly asymmetric sericeous, adaxially glabrous, base subrounded to slightly cuneate, apex obtuse to slightly emarginate. Racemes lax, 6--16-flowered; bracts; peduncle ca. 2 X as long as leaves. Pedicel ca. 2 mm. Calyx teeth almost as long as tube. Corolla purple, 1.1--1.8 cm; standard obovate, apex emarginate; wings narrowly lanceolate, to almost 2 X as long as keel; keel almost semiorbicular to oblong, shorter than standard. Ovary. Legume sericeous; loments 1 or 2, 4--7 X 4--6 mm. Fl. Jun--Jul, fr. Jul
Mountain slopes, roadsides; 2100--3000 m. W Xinjiang (pa mi er) [Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan?].
4. Corethrodendron fruticosum (Pallas) B.H. Choi & H. Ohashi, Taxon 52: 573. 2003.
山竹子shan zhu zi
Shrublets, 30--80 cm tall. Stems caespitose, erect. Stipules ovate-lanceolate, 4--5 mm, basally connate. Leaves 8--14 cm, with 11--19 leaflets; leaflet blades elliptic to oblong, 1.4--2.2 X 0.3--0.6 cm, abaxially densely pubescent, adaxially sparsely pubescent. Racemes lax, with many flowers; bracts triangular-ovate, ca. 1 mm; peduncle longer than leaves. Pedicel 2--3 mm. Calyx campanulate, 5--6 mm, pubescent; teeth triangular, ± equal, ca. 1/2 as long as tube. Corolla purple; standard obovate-orbicular, 1.4--2 cm; wings ca. 1/3 as long as standard; keels slightly shorter than standard. Ovary pubescent. Legume divided into 2 or 3 loments; loments ellipsoid, 5--7 X 3--4 mm, inflated, pubescent, prickly or not. Fl. Jul--Aug, fr. Aug--Sep.
Sandy areas in steppes; 600--1100 m. Heilongjiang, Jilin, W Liaoning, NE Nei Mongol [E Mongolia, E Russia].
Cultivated for sand dune stabilization and as a fodder plant.
1a. Loments prickly ................................................................................................................................. 4a. var. fruticosum
1b. Loments not prickly ...................................................................................................................... 4b. var. mongolicum
4a. Corethrodendron fruticosum var. fruticosum
山竹山竹子 (原变种) shan zhu shan zhu zi (yuan bian zhong)
Hedysarum fruticosum Pallas, Reise Russ. Reich. 3: 753. 1776.
Loments pubescent and prickly.
Sandy areas in steppes; ca. 1100 m. Heilongjiang, Jilin, W Liaoning, NE Nei Mongol [E Mongolia, E Russia].
4b. Corethrodendron fruticosum var. mongolicum (Turczaninow) Turczaninow ex Kitagawa, Lin. Fl. Manshur. 285. 1939.
蒙古山竹子 mong gu shan zhu zi
Hedysarum mongolicum Turczaninow, Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 15: 781. 1842; H. fruticosum Pallas var. gobicum Y. Z. Zhao et al; H. fruticosum subsp. monogolicum (Turczaninow) B. Fedtschenko; H. fruticosum var. mongolicum (Turczaninow) Turczaninow ex Kitagawa.
Loments pubescent but not prickly.
* Sandy areas; 600--800 m. W Liaoning, NE Nei Mongol.
Reported from Ningxia in Fl. Ningxia., ed. 2, 1: 487. 2007, but this occurrence needs to be confirmed.
5. Corethrodendron lignosum (Trautvetter) L. R. Xu & B. H. Choi, comb. nov.
木山竹子 mu shan zhu zi
Shrublets, 60--100 cm tall. Stems caespitose, erect. Stipules ovate-lanceolate, 4--5 mm, basally connate. Leaves 10--20 cm, with (5--)11--21 leaflets; leaflet blades broadly linear, lanceolate, or elliptic, 2--3 X 0.2--0.4(--0.6) mm, abaxially pubescent, adaxially sparely pubescent or glabrous. Racemes lax, with 8--12 flowers; bracts triangular, 1/4--1/3 as long as pedicel; peduncle longer than leaves. Pedicel 3--4 mm. Calyx campanulate, 4--5 mm, pubescent; teeth shortly triangular or triangular, ca. 1/3 or 1/2 as long as tube. Corolla purple; standard obovate, 1.8--2 cm; wings ca. 1/4 or 1/3 as long as standard; keels ± as long as wings. Ovary pubescent. Legume divided into 2 or 3 loments; loments ellipsoid, 4--6 X 3--4 mm, inflated, glabrous. Fl. Jul--Aug, fr. Aug--Sep.
Sandy areas; W Liaoning, Nei Mongol, E Ningxia, N Shaanxi, NW Shanxi [Mongolia].
1a. Calyx teeth triangular, ca. 1/2 as long as tube; wings ca. 1/3 as long as standard .................... 5a. var. lignosum
1b. Calyx teeth shortly triangular, ca. 1/3 as long as tube; wings ca. 1/4 as long as standard ............ 5b. var. laeve
5a. Corethrodendron lignosum var. lignosum
木山竹子 mu shan zhu zi
Hedysarum lignosum Trautvetter, Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 1: 176. 1872; H. fruticosum Pallas var. hybridum H. C. Fu; H. fruticosum subsp. lignosum (Trautvetter) B. Fedtschenko; H. fruticosum var. lignosum (Trautvetter) Kitagawa.
Calyx teeth triangular, ca. 1/2 as long as tube. Corolla wings ca. 1/3 as long as standard.
Sandy areas; W Liaoning, NE Nei Mongol [Mongolia].
5b. Corethrodendron lignosum var. laeve (Maximowicz) L. R. Xu & B. H. Choi, comb. nov.
塔落山竹子 ta luo shan zhu zi
Hedysarum laeve Maximowicz, Bull. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg 27: 464. 1881; H. fruticosum Pallas subsp. laeve (Maximowicz) B. Fedtschenko; H. fruticosum var. laeve (Maximowicz) H. F. Fu ex L. R. Xu.
Calyx teeth short triangular, ca. 1/3 as long as tube. Corolla wings ca. 1/4 as long as standard.
* Sandy areas; Nei Mongol, E Ningxia, N Shaanxi, NW Shanxi.
Dune-fixing plants.
2. HEDYSARUM Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 745. 1753.
岩黄耆属 yan huang qi shu
Herbs, rarely shrublets or shrubs. Stipules 2, opposite petiole, scarious, connate or free, marcescent or deciduous. Leaves odd-pinnate; leaflet blades opposite, margin entire. Racemes axillary, lax to capitate; bracts marcescent or caduceus. Bracteoles 2, at base of calyx. Calyx campanulate to obliquely campanulate; teeth 5, ± equal or unequal. Corolla purple, pink, yellow, or white; standard usually longer than wings, shorter or rarely as long or longer than keel, turned backward at anthesis; keel with claw half as long or less than lamina. Stamens 9+1, diadelphous. Ovary sessile to stipitate, with a few ovules. Legume usually divided into several loments, indehiscent, sutures connate or winged; loments compressed to biconvex, with veins, ribs, bristles or spines, margin usually distinct.
About 160 species: N Africa, North America, Asia, Europe; 41 species (17 endemic) in China.
1a. Adaxial calyx teeth 1.5--4 X as long as tube; legume usually prickly or ribs (but unknown for some species); leaflet blades coriaceous, lateral veins obscure.
2a. Legume lomenths without conspicuous septa, with triangular and irregular prickles along margins; stipules apically connate ............................................................................................................................ 1. H. tibeticum
2a. Legume lomenths with conspicuous septa, without prickles or with linear and regular prickles along margins; stipules mostly apically distinct.
3a. Stems longer than 15 cm.
4a. Corolla pale yellow ..................................................................................................... 29. H. dahuricum
4b. Corolla purple or pinkish purple.
5a. Corolla wings ca. 2/5 as long as standard ................................................. 30. H. brachypterum
5b. Corolla wings 1/2 to 3/4 as long as standard.
6a. Stems ascending, 15--20 cm tall; corolla 1.5--1.7 cm .................................. 31. H. gmelinii
6b. Stems erect to ascending at base, 30--90 cm tall; corolla 1--1.4 cm.
7a. Leaflet blades narrowly elliptic to lanceolate, 1--1.2 X 0.3--0.5 cm 32. H. songaricum
7b. Leaflet blades oblong-ovate, 3--3.5 X 0.6--0.7 cm ............................ 33. H. shanense
3b. Stems 4 cm or less.
8a. Leaflet blades adaxially glabrous, subglabrous, or with scattered trichomes.
9a. Calyx teeth 2--3 X as long as tube; corolla wings 1/4--1/3 as long as standard 34. H. petrovii
9b. Calyx teeth 1.5--2 X as long as tube; corolla wings ca. 1/5 as long as standard 35. H. setigerum
8b. Leaflet blades adaxially sparsely pilose, sparsely pubescent, or pubescent.
10a. Leaflets 13--24 ................................................................................................ 36. H. kumaonense
10b. Leaflets 3--13.
11a. Leaflet blades ovate or broadly ovate; legume tomentose or pubescent.
12a. Leaflets 3--7 ............................................................................................... 37. H. iliense
12b. Leaflets 7 or 9 ..................................................................................... 38. H. splendens
11b. Leaflet blades narrowly ovate-lanceolate, lanceolate-elliptic, ovate-oblong, narrowly elliptic, ovate, or ovate-elliptic; legume with dense hyaline scalelike trichomes (unknown for H. setosum).
13a. Stems 1--2 cm; leaflet blades narrowly ovate-lanceolate to lanceolate-elliptic, 1.2--1.5 cm ................................................................................................................... 39. H. krylovii
13b. Stems inconspicuous; leaflet blades ovate-oblong, narrowly elliptic, ovate, or ovate-elliptic, 0.6--0.9 cm.
14a. Corolla 1.2--1.4 cm; calyx 7--8 mm .......................................... 40. H. ferganense
14b. Corolla 1.7--2 cm; calyx 8--10 mm ................................................ 41. H. setosum
1b. Adaxial calyx teeth ± as long to shorter than tube; legume surfaces without prickles or ribs; leaflet blades membranous, lateral veins conspicuous.
15a. Loments with a ca. l mm dentate margin .......................................................................... 2. H. dentatoalatum
15b. Loments 0.5 mm or less dentate or entire margin (unknown for H. xizangense).
16a. Loments pyramidal ....................................................................................................... 3. H. trigonomerum
16b. Loments ovoid, globose, subglobose, ellipsoid, or rhomboid (unknown for H. xizangense).
17a. Corolla yellow.
18a. Calyx teeth ± equal.
19a. Leaflets 9--15, blades 1--2 cm wide.
20a. Racemes distinctly longer than leaves; loment margins entire ..... 6. H. flavescens
20b. Racemes ± as long as leaves; loment margins dentate .................. 7. H. semenovii
19b. Leaflets 13--33, blades 0.4--0.7 cm wide.
21a. Leaflets 13--27, blades long ovate to ovate-lanceolate, abaxially dark brownish and adaxially greenish ………………...................................................... 4. H. limitaneum
21b. Leaflets 27--33, blades ovate-oblong, color subequal, abaxially and adaxially greenish 5. H. thiochroum
18b. Abaxial most calyx tooth 2--3 X as long as others.
22a. Bracts marcescent, 1/4--2/3 as long as pedicels ..................................... 8. H. polybotrys
22b. Bracts caducous, 2/3--2 X as long as pedicels.
23a. Loment wings inconspicuous, entire; calyx densely pubescent ..... 9. H. citrinum
23b. Loment wings conspicuous, dentate; calyx sparsely pubescent.
24a. Adaxial most calyx tooth 0.7--1.5 X as long as tube, others less than 1/2 as long as tube ............................................................................................. 10. H. ussuriense
24b. Adaxial most calyx tooth 1.5--2 X as long as tube, others 1/2 to as long as tube 11. H. taipeicum
17b. Corolla pinkish purple to dark purple (red but apically dark purple in H. kirghisorum, unknown for H. longigynophorum).
25a. Corolla auricle of wing less than 1/2 as long of claw; calyx teeth subulate, apex long cuspidate 18. H. falconeri
25b. Corolla auricle of wing as long as claw; calyx teeth triangular, triangular-subulate, or lanceolate, apex not long cuspidate.
26a. Leaflet blades adaxially pubescent, sericeous, or tomentose.
27a. Corolla wings equal to or longer than the keel; calyx adaxial two teeth connate 19. H. campylocarpon
27b. Corolla wings shorter than keel; calyx teeth not connate.
28a. Leaflets narrowly ovate to ovate, 20--24 X 7--9 mm; bracteoles shorter, 0.4--0.7 mm long; lateral veins conspicuous ........................................... 28. H. taoriparium
28b. Leaflets broadly ovate or suborbicular, 7--10 X 5--10 mm; bracteoles longer, 3.5--5 mm long; lateral veins sometimes inconspicuous ..... 28. H. pseudastragalus
26b. Leaflet blade adaxially glabrous.
29a. Corolla keel shorter than standard and wing, wings not curved upward at apex; legume often inconspicuously constricted between loments at abaxial suture ........ 12. H. inundatum
29b. Corolla keel longer than standard or wing, wings curved upward at apex; legume conspicuously constricted between loments.
30a. Bracts obovate to obtuse, apex usually dentated; rhizomes often with tubercle; leaflet blades obovate, elliptic, or suborbicular ........................ 21. H. algidum
30b. Bracts ovate or obovate, apex acute or acuminate; rhizomes without tubercle; leaflet blades ovate, elliptic, or oblong.
31a. Pedicel 1.5--2.5 cm ....................................................... 25. H. jinchuanensis
31b. Pedicel 0.2--0.6 cm.
32a. Loments 1 or 2, rhomboid ........................... 24. H. longigynophorum
32b. Loments (1 or) 2--5, ovate, obovate, or elliptic.
33a. Adaxial calyx teeth 1/5 to 1/3 as long as tube.
34a. Bract marcescent; racemes densely flowered 13. H. alpinum
34b. Bract caducous; racemes laxly flowered 14. H. laxiflorum
33b. Adaxial calyx teeth ca. 1/2 to as long as tube.
35a. Loments acute at apex; stem and leaves sericeous.
36a. Corolla wings longer than standard; leaflets 2--4 cm; legume pubescent ........................................... 26. H. fistulosum
36b. Corolla wings shorter than standard; leaflets 1--1.5 cm; legume glabrous .............................. 15. H. nagarzense
35b. Loments obtuse at apex; stem and leaves tomentose.
37a. Corolla 2.1--2.5 cm ................................. H. tanguticum
37b. Corolla 1.2--2 cm.
38a. Leaflet blades 1.9--3 X 0.6--1.4 cm.
39a. Corolla red with dark purple at apex; bracts slightly longer than pedicel ........ 16. H. kirghisorum
39b. Corolla purple, not dark purple at apex; bracts ca. 2 X as long as pedicel, subequal to calyx teeth 17. H. neglectum
38b. Leaflet blades 1--1.6 X 0.5--0.9 cm.
40a. Racemes dense; pedicel 2--3 mm; calyx teeth narrowly lanceolate; corolla standard long obovate, 1.2--1.4 cm; corolla keel 1--2 mm longer than standard ............................. 23. H. sikkimense
40b. Racemes lax; Pedicel 3--4 mm; calyx teeth triangular-lanceolate; corolla standard obovate, 1.4--1.5 cm; corolla keel 2--3 mm longer than standard ............................. 27. H. xizangense
1. Hedysarum tibeticum (Bentham) B. H. Choi & H. Ohashi, Taxon 52: 574. 2003.
藏豆 zang dou
Stracheya tibetica Bentham, Hooker's J. Bot. Kew Gard. Misc. 5: 307. 1853; Astragalus toktjenensis Ulbrich.
Herbs, perennial, 4--5 cm tall. Stems abbreviate, inconspicuous. Stipules brown, ovate, 7--10 mm, membranous, apically connate. Leaves 4--7 cm, with 11--15 leaflets; leaflet blades long ovate to elliptic, 8--10 X 3--5 mm, adaxially glabrous, abaxially appressed pubescent. Racemes corymbose, with 3--6 flowers; bracts ovate, ca. 2 X as long as pedicel; peduncle as long to shorter than leaves. Pedicel 1--2 mm; bracteoles 2, small. Calyx obliquely campanulate, 7--8 mm, pilose; teeth lanceolate, as long to slightly longer than tube. Corolla reddish; standard obovate, 1.5--1.8 cm; wings slightly shorter than standard; keel ± as long as standard. Ovary glabrous, sessile; ovules 2--5. Legume long obovoid, inconspicuously beaked into 2--5 segments, 1.5--2.5 cm, slightly inflated, banded, pubescent, with 1--1.5 mm prickles along margin and laterally middle line. Fl. Jul--Aug, fr. Aug--Sep.
Alpine meadows; 4000--4600 m. SW Qinghai, Xizang [Kashmir, India(Sikkim), Nepal, N Pakistan].
2. Hedysarum dentatoalatum K. T. Fu, Fl. Tsinling. 1(3): 448. 1981.
齿翅岩黄耆 chi chi yan huang qi
Herbs, perennial, 60--80 cm tall. Stems caespitose, erect. Stipules triangular-lanceolate, 5--6 mm, basally connate. Leaves 12--20 cm, with 11--21 leaflets; leaflet blades oblong-ovate to ovate-lanceolate, 2--2.5(--5) X 1--1.7 cm, adaxially glabrous, abaxially sparsely pubescent. Racemes lax, with many flowers; bracts ± as long as pedicel; peduncle longer to ± as long as leaves. Pedicel 3--4 mm. Calyx campanulate, 5--6(--11) mm; teeth linear-lanceolate, 1.5--2 X as long as tube. Corolla unknown. Legume divided into 2 or 3(or 4) loments; loments subglobose to ellipsoid, 8--12 X 7--10(--12) mm, compressed, pilose, margin ca. 1(--3) mm and deeply dentate. Fr. Jun.
* Shrubs; ca. 1200 m. Shaanxi (E Qin Ling Shan).
Good fodder plant.
Choi has seen no specimens of this species.
3. Hedysarum trigonomerum Handel-Mazzetti, Symb. Sin. 7: 562. 1933.
三角荚岩黄耆 san jiao jia yan huang qi
Herbs, perennial, 50--70 cm tall. Stems erect. Stipules small. Leaves 8--13 cm, with 7--13 leaflets; leaflet blades elliptic to ovate-oblong, 1.2--2.5 X 0.4--0.8 cm. Racemes lax, with many flowers; peduncle ± as long as leaves. Pedicel 5--8 mm. Calyx obliquely campanulate; teeth unequal, abaxial most tooth linear and ca. 2 X longer than others, other 4 teeth triangular. Legume divided into 4 loments; loments pyramidal, ca. 7 X 5--6 mm.
* Meadow or shrubs. S Gansu (Zhugqu Xian).
No specimens of this species have been seen by the authors.
4. Hedysarum limitaneum Handel-Mazzetti, Symb. Sin 7: 564. 1933.
滇岩黄耆 dian yan huang qi
Herbs, perennial, 20--40 cm tall. Stems caespitose, erect. Stipules broadly lanceolate, 1.5--2 cm, connate farther than middle. Leaves 8--14 cm, with 13--27 leaflets; leaflet blades long ovate to ovate-lanceolate, 1.5--2 X 0.5--0.7 cm, abaxially dark brownish and pilose along veins, adaxially glabrous. Racemes lax, with many flowers; bracts subulate-lanceolate, slightly longer than pedicel; peduncle longer than leaves. Pedicel 2--3 mm. Calyx campanulate, 8--10 mm, pubescent; teeth lanceolate-triangular, ± as long as tube, abaxial most tooth slightly longer than others. Corolla yellow; standard long obovate, 1.4--1.6 cm; wings ± as long as standard; keel 1--2 mm longer than standard. Ovary pubescent. Legume divided into 2 or 3 loments; loments ellipsoid to long ovoid, 5--6 X 3--4 mm, compressed, pubescent, margin narrow and dentate. Fr. Jun--Aug, fr. Aug--Sep.
* Forests, meadows; 3200--4000 m. Qinghai, SW Sichuan, E Xizang, NW Yunnan.
5. Hedysarum thiochroum Handel-Mazzetti, Symb. Sin. 7: 563. 1933.
中甸岩黄耆 zhong dian yan huang qi
Herbs, perennial, ca. 75 cm tall. Stems caespitose, erect. Stipules triangular-lanceolate, 1--1.5 cm, connate farther than middle. Leaves 8--12 cm, with 27--33 leaflets; leaflet blades ovate-oblong, 1.4--1.7 X 0.4--0.5 cm, abaxially usually pubescent along veins, adaxially glabrous. Racemes lax, with many flowers; bracts subulate lanceolate, ca. 1.5 X as long as pedicel; peduncle longer than leaves. Pedicel 2--3 mm. Calyx campanulate, 5--6 mm, pubescent; teeth lanceolate-triangular, ca. 1/2 as long as tube, abaxial most tooth slightly longer than others. Corolla yellow; standard long obovate, ca. 1.2 cm; wings slightly longer than standard; keel 2--3 mm longer than standard. Ovary pubescent. Legume divided into 2 or 3 loments; loments subglobose, 3--4 mm in diam., compressed, pubescent, margin narrow and entire. Fr. Jul--Aug, fr. Aug--Sep.
* Forests; ca. 3200 m. SW Sichuan, NW Yunnan.
6. Hedysarum flavescens Regel & Schmalhauson, Izv. Imp. Obsc. Ljubit. Estestv. Moskovsk. Univ. 34(2): 21. 1882.
乌恰岩黄耆 wu qia yan huang qi
Herbs, perennial, 30--40[--150] cm tall. Stems erect. Stipules lanceolate, 1--1.2 cm, basally connate. Leaves 10--15 cm, with 9--13 leaflets; leaflet blades ovate-elliptic to ovate-orbicular, 1.2--1.5[--3.5] X 1--1.3[--2] cm, abaxially with appressed trichomes, adaxially glabrous. Racemes lax, with many flowers, distinctly longer than leaves; bracts lanceolate, slightly shorter than pedicel; peduncle longer than leaves. Pedicel 3--4 mm. Calyx shortly campanulate, 4--5 mm, pubescent; teeth subulate to triangular at base, slightly shorter than tube. Corolla yellow; standard long elliptic. 1.4--1.5 cm; wings ± as long as standard; keel ca. 2 mm longer than standard. Ovary pubescent. Legume divided into 2 or 3(or 4) loments; loments globose-ellipsoid. 5--6 mm in diam., compressed, pubescent, margin narrow and entire. Fl. Jul--Aug, fr. Aug--Sep.
Gravel areas along rivers; 2900--3100 m. SW Xinjiang [Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan].
B. A. Fedtschenko (Fl. URSS 13: 278. 1948) reports this species to be 1.5 m tall, leaflet blades 2--3.5 X 1.7--2 cm, and the most abaxial most calyx tooth to be longer than the calyx tube.
Good fodder plant.
7. Hedysarum semenovii Regel & Herder, Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 39(3): 39. 1866.
天山岩黄耆 tian shan yan huang qi
Hedysarum junatovii Yakovlev.
Herbs, perennial, 40--60[--120] cm tall. Stems caespitose, erect. Stipules lanceolate, 1--1.5 cm, connate less than to middle. Leaves 10--15 cm, with 9--15 leaflets; leaflet blades ovate to elliptic, 2.5--3.5 X 1.5--2.2 cm, adaxially glabrous, abaxially with appressed trichomes. Racemes ± dense, ± as long as leaves, with many flowers; bracts narrowly lanceolate, slightly shorter than leaves; peduncle ± as long as leaves. Pedicel 4--5 mm. Calyx campanulate, ca. 5 mm, glabrous or pubescent at base; teeth subulate, ± equal, pubescent. Corolla yellow; standard long obovate, 1.2--1.4 cm; wings ± as long as standard; keel ca. 2 mm longer than standard. Ovary appressed pubescent. Legume divided into 3 or 4 loments; loments globose, ellipsoid, or obovoid, 6--7 mm in diam., compressed, pubescent to subglabrous, margin irregularly dentate. Fl. Jul--Aug, fr. Aug--Sep.
Gravel or stony slopes; 1400--1900 m. Xinjiang (Tian Shan) [Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan].
B. A. Fedtschenko (Fl. URSS 13: 278. 1948) reports this species to be 50--120 m tall, and in fig. 47-9 the most abaxial calyx tooth to be only slightly longer than the calyx tube.
8. Hedysarum polybotrys Handel-Mazzetti, Symb. Sin. 7: 563. 1933.
多序岩黄耆 duo xu yan huang qi
Herbs, perennial, 7--12 cm tall. Stems caespitose, erect. Stipules lanceolate, 5--7 mm, connate less than to middle. Leaves 5--9 cm, with 11--19 leaflets; leaflet blades ovate, ovate-lanceolate, or ovate-oblong, 1.5--3 X 0.4--1.5 cm, abaxially with appressed trichomes, adaxially glabrous. Racemes dense, with many flowers; bracts subulate-lanceolate, marcescent, 1/4--2/3 as long as pedicels; peduncle ± as long to longer than leaves. Pedicel 3--4 mm. Calyx obliquely campanulate, 4--5 mm, pubescent; teeth triangular-subulate, unequal, abaxial most tooth ca. 2 mm and ca. 2 X longer than others. Corolla yellow; standard long obovate, 1.1--1.2 cm; wings as long to slightly longer than standard; keel 2--3 mm longer than standard. Ovary pubescent. Legume divided into 2--4 loments; loments subglobose to broadly ovoid, (3--)4--5(--6) mm in diam., compressed, pubescent, margin narrow and entire. Fl. Jul--Aug, fr. Aug--Sep.
* Gravel and stony slopes, forest margins; 1200--3200 m. E and S Gansu, W Hubei, Ningxia, N Shanxi, NW Sichuan.
Roots are used for medicine.
1a. Leaflet blades ovate-lanceolate to ovate-oblong, 1.5--2.4 X 0.4--0.6 cm ................................. 8a. var. polybotrys
1b. Leaflet blades ovate, 1.5--3 X 0.6--1.5 cm ............................................................................... 8b. var. alaschanicum
8a. Hedysarum polybotrys var. polybotrys
多序岩黄耆(原变种) duo xu yan huang qi (yuan bian zhong)
Leaflet blades ovate-lanceolate to ovate-oblong. Peduncle ± as long as leaves. Legume divided into 2--4 loments; loments 3--4 mm in diam., sparsely pubescent.
* Gravel and stony slopes. E and S Gansu, NW Sichuan.
8b. Hedysarum polybotrys var. alaschanicum (B. Fedtschenko) H. C. Fu & Z. Y. Chu, Fl. Intramongol., ed. 2, 3: 341. 1989.
宽叶岩黄耆 guna ye yan huang qi
Hedysarum semenovii Regel & Herder var. alaschanicum B. Fedtschenko, Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 19: 250. 1902; H. polybotis var. latifolium L. Z. Shue; H. przewalskii Yakovlev; H. vicicoides Turczaninow var. alaschanicum (B. Fedtschenko) Y. Z. Zhao, R. Sha & R. Cao.
Branchlets pubescent. Leaflet blades ovate, 1.5--3 X 0.6--1.5 cm.
* Forest margins, stony slopes. S Gansu, W Hebei, S Nei Mongol, Ningxia, N Shanxi
Choi has seen no specimens of this variety.
9. Hedysarum citrinum E. G. Baker, J. Bot. 73: 296. 1935.
黄花岩黄耆 huang hua yan huang qi
Herbs, perennial, 30--80 cm tall. Stems caespitose, erect. Stipules narrowly lanceolate, 1--1.3 cm, connate farther than middle. Leaves 8--16 cm, with 15--19 leaflets; leaflet blades long ovate to ovate-oblong, 1.5--3 X 0.5--1 cm, abaxially sparsely pubescent, adaxially glabrous. Racemes lax, with many flowers; bracts lanceolate, 3--5 mm; peduncle as long to longer than leaves. Pedicel 5--6 mm. Calyx obliquely campanulate, 5--6 mm, densely pubescent; teeth unequal, abaxial most tooth subulate-lanceolate and ± as long as tube, other 4 teeth lanceolate and ca. 1/2 as long as tube. Corolla yellow; standard long obovate, 1--1.2 cm; wings ± as long as standard; keel ca. 2 mm longer than standard. Ovary glabrous or pubescent. Legume divided into 2--4 loments; loments ellipsoid-obovoid, subglobose, or rhomboid, ca. 2 X 1.5 mm, compressed, glabrous, margin entire or inconspicuous. Fl. Jul--Aug, fr. Aug--Sep. 2n = 14*.
* Forests, scrub, stony slopes; 3200--4200 m. W Sichuan, E Xizang.
One of the most variable species, particularly in size and shape of parts on different habitat or geography. Even though in same plants, loments are usually variable. In the original description the corolla standard is reported as 1.4--1.5 cm and the loments ca. 6 X 5 mm.
10. Hedysarum ussuriense Schischkin & Komarov, Bot. Mater. Gerb. Glavn. Bot. Sada SSSR 6: 11. 1926.
拟蚕岩黄耆 ni can dou yan huang qi
Herbs, perennial, 30--50 cm tall. Stems caespitose, erect. Stipules broadly lanceolate, 1--1.2 cm, connate farther than middle. Leaves 7--15 cm, with 11--19 leaflets; leaflet blades long ovate, 1--2.3 X 0.6--1.1 cm, abaxially pubescent along veins, adaxially glabrous. Racemes dense, with many flowers; bracts lanceolate, slightly shorter than pedicel, caducous; peduncle slightly longer than leaves. Pedicel 5--6 mm. Calyx obliquely campanulate, 5--6 mm, sparsely pubescent; teeth unequal, abaxial most tooth 0.7--1.5 X as long as tube, other 4 teeth triangular and 1/4--1/3 as long as tube. Corolla yellow; standard long obovate, 1.4--1.6 cm; wings ± as long as standard; keel ca. 2 mm longer than standard. Ovary glabrous or pubescent. Legume divided into 2 or 4 loments; loments subglobose to ovoid, 6--7 X 4--5 mm, compressed, glabrous or pubescent, margin narrow and irregularly dentate. Fl. Jul--Aug, fr. Aug--Sep.
Forests, subalpine meadows; 2500--3200 m. Hebei, E Jilin, NE Liaoning, Sichuan [Russia (Far East), N Korea].
Plants treated as Hedysarum vicioides Turczaninow in Fl. Reipubl. Popularis 42(2): 190. 1998 belong here.
11. Hedysarum taipeicum (Handel-Mazzetti) K. T. Fu, Fl. Tsinling. 1(3): 72. 1981.
太白岩黄耆 tai bai yan huang qi
Hedysarum esculentum Ledbour var. taipeicum Handel-Mazzetti, Symb. Sin. 7: 562. 1933. H. vicioides Turczaninow var. taipeicum (Handel-Mazzetti) Liu ex B. H. Choi & H. Ohashi.
Herbs, perennial, 30--40 cm tall. Stems caespitose, erect. Stipules lanceolate, 1--1.2 cm, connate farther than middle. Leaves 10--13 cm, with 15--27 leaflets; leaflet blades long ovate, oblong, or elliptic, 1.2--2 X 0.6--0.9 cm, abaxially pubescent, adaxially glabrous. Racemes dense, with many flowers; bracts narrowly lanceolate, ± as long as pedicel, caducous; peduncle as long to longer than leaves. Pedicel 3--4 mm. Calyx campanulate, 6--8 mm, candescent; teeth lanceolate, unequal, abaxial most tooth 1.5--2 X as long as tube, lateral 2 teeth ± as long as tube, adaxial 2 teeth ca. 1/2 as long as tube. Corolla yellow; standard long obovate, 1.2--1.4 cm; wings as long to slightly longer than standard; keel ca. 2 mm longer than standard. Ovary glabrous. Legume divided into 2--5 loments; loments obovoid to globose, 4--5 X 3--4 mm, compressed, glabrous, margin narrow and irregularly dentate. Fl. Jul--Aug, fr. Aug--Sep.
* Stony slopes, meadows; 1500--3300 m. NW Hubei, Shaanxi (Qin Ling Shan).
12. Hedysarum inundatum Turczaninow, Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 11: 366. 1838.
湿地岩黄耆 shi di yan huang qi
Hedysarum connatum (B. Fedtschenko) B. Fedtschenko; H. obscurum Linnaeus var. connatum B. Fedtschenko; H. obscurum var. inundatum (Turczaninow) B. Fedtschenko.
Herbs, perennial, 10--15[--40] cm tall. Stems ascending to erect. Stipules lanceolate, 1--1.5 cm, connate farther than middle. Leaves 7--12 cm, with 11--17 leaflets; leaflet blades ovate to oblong, 1.2--1.7 X 0.6--0.9 cm, abaxially sparsely pubescent, adaxially glabrous. Racemes dense, with many flowers; bracts lanceolate, slightly longer than pedicel; peduncle slightly longer than leaves. Pedicel 2--3 mm. Calyx campanulate, 4--5 mm, pubescent; teeth triangular, ± equal, ca. 1/2 as long as tube. Corolla purple; standard long obovate, 1.4--1.6(--1.8) cm; wings slightly shorter than standard, straight or slightly downward at apex; keel shorter than standard and wings. Ovary glabrous. Legume divided into 3 or 4 loments, inconspicuous constricted between loments at abaxial suture; loments ellipsoid, 5--6 X 4--5 mm, compressed, glabrous, margin entire. Fl. Jun--Jul, fr. Jul--Aug. 2n = 8.
Subalpine meadows; 2500--3000 m. Hebei (Xiaowutai Shan), N Shanxi [Russia (E Siberia)].
B. A. Fedtschenko (Fl. URSS 13: 270. 1948) reports this species to be 20--40 m tall.
13. Hedysarum alpinum Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 750. 1753.
山岩黄耆 shan yan huang qi
Hedysarum alpinum var. chinense B. Fedtschenko; H. chinense (B. Fedtschenko) Handel-Mazzetti; H. polybotrys Handel-Mazzetti var. rubustum K.T.Fu; H. smithianum Handel-Mazzetti.
Herbs, perennial, 50--100 cm tall. Stems numerous, erect. Stipules triangular-lanceolate, 0.8--1.4 cm, connate farther than middle. Leaves 8--12 cm, with 9--21 leaflets; leaflet blades ovate-oblong, narrowly elliptic, or oblong-lanceolate, 1.5--3 X 0.5--0.7 cm, abaxially appressed sparsely pilose to pubescent, adaxially glabrous. Racemes dense, with many flowers; bracts subulate-lanceolate, ± as long as pedicel; peduncle as long to longer than leaves. Pedicel 2--4 mm. Calyx campanulate, 3--5 mm, pubescent to pilose; teeth triangular-lanceolate, unequal, abaxial most tooth ca. 2/3 as long as tube, adaxial 2 teeth ca. 1/2 as long as abaxial most one. Corolla purple; standard long obovate, 0.9--1.2 cm; wings as long to slightly longer than standard; keel 2--3 mm longer than standard. Ovary glabrous or appressed pubescent. Legume divided into 2 or 3(--5) loments; loments ellipsoid to obovoid, 4--8 X 3--5 mm, compressed, glabrous, margin inconspicuous. Fl. Jun--Aug, fr. Jul--Sep. 2n = 14*.
Swampy meadows, taiga forests; stony slopes, scrub. S Gansu, Hebei, S Henan, Heilongjiang, Jilin, NE Nei Mongol, S Shaanxi, Shanxi, Sichuan [N Korea, N Mongolia, Pakistan, Russia, Kashmir; North America, E and N Europe].
14. Hedysarum laxiflorum Bentham ex Baker in J. D. Hooker, Fl. Brit. Ind. 2: 146. 1876.
疏花岩黄耆 shu hua yan huang qi
Hedysarum alpinum Linnaeus subsp. laxiflorum (Bentham ex Baker) H. Ohashi & Tateishi.
Herbs, perennial, 30--120 cm tall. Stems numerous, erect. Stipules lanceolate, ca. 7 mm, connate. Leaves 10--15 cm, with 17--33 leaflets; leaflet blades elliptic to oblong-elliptic, 1.5--2.5 X 0.6--1 cm, abaxially pubescent along veins, adaxially glabrous. Racemes lax, with many flowers; bracts ovate, ca. 1/2 as long as pedicel, caducous; peduncle longer than leaves. Pedicel 4--6 mm. Calyx campanulate, 4--6 mm, glabrous or calyx teeth pubescent; teeth lanceolate, unequal, abaxial most tooth longer than others, adaxial and lateral teeth ca. 1/5 as long as tube. Corolla purple; standard obovate, 1.4--1.5 cm; wings as long to slightly longer than standard; keel 2--3 mm longer than standard. Ovary glabrous. Legume divided into 3 or 4 loments; loments broadly ellipsoid, 5--6 X 4--5 mm, compressed, glabrous. Fl. Jul--Aug, fr. Aug--Sep.
W Xizang? [Kashmir, NW Pakistan].
No specimens of this species from China have been seen by the authors. It is likely that the lectotype of Hedysarum laxiflorum, Falconer 440, cited as being from by “West Tibet” by Baker (Fl. Brit. Ind. 2: 146. 1846) and by H. Ohashi and Y. Tateishi (Fl. E. Himalaya, 3rd. Rep. 368. 1975) was actually from the Karakoram mountains in NW Pakistan.
15. Hedysarum nagarzense C. C. Ni, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 18: 372. 1980.
浪卡子岩黄耆 lang ka zi yan huang qi
Herbs, perennial, 30--45 cm tall. Stems numerous, erect. Stipules lanceolate, 5--7 mm, connate. Leaves 8--11 cm, with 17--23 leaflets; leaflet blades oblong to ovate elliptic, 10--15 X 6--8 mm, abaxially pubescent along veins, adaxially glabrous. Racemes somewhat dense, with many flowers; bracts ca. 4 mm; peduncle longer than leaves. Pedicel 5--6 mm. Calyx campanulate, 7--9 mm, pilose; teeth lanceolate, unequal, abaxial most tooth ca. 5 mm and ± as long as tube, adaxial 2 teeth ca. 4 mm. Corolla purple; standard obovate, 1.6--1.8 cm; wings shorter than standard; keel ± as long as standard. Ovary glabrous. Legume with 1 or 2 loments; loments obliquely obovoid, 1.5--2 X 0.8--1 cm, compressed, glabrous, margin entire, apex acute. Fl. Jul--Aug, fr. Aug--Sep.
* Gravel alpine areas; ca. 4500 m. Xizang (Nagarzę Xian).
16. Hedysarum kirghisorum B. Fedtschenko, Not. Syst. Herb. Inst. Bot. Acad. Sci. URSS, 11: 114. 1949.
吉尔吉斯岩黄耆 ji er ji si yan huang qi
Herbs, perennial, 15--30 cm tall. Stems numerous to caespitose, erect. Stipules ovate-lanceolate, 8--1.2 cm, connate farther than middle. Leaves 8--12 cm, with 9--15 leaflets; leaflet blades broadly lanceolate to oblong-lanceolate, 1.9--2.5 X 0.6--0.8 cm, abaxially pubescent, adaxially glabrous. Racemes dense, with many flowers; bracts lanceolate, slightly longer than pedicel; peduncle longer than leaves. Pedicel 2--3 mm. Calyx campanulate, 6--8 mm, pubescent; teeth narrowly lanceolate, slightly longer to 1.5[--2.5] X as long as tube, abaxial most tooth slightly longer than others. Corolla pale red but dark purple at apex; standard obovate, 1.4--1.5 cm; wings ± as long to slightly longer than standard; keel ca. 2 mm longer than standard. Ovary pubescent. Legume divided into 2--4 loments; loments globose, compressed, appressed pubescent, margin narrow and dentate. Fl. Jun--Jul, fr. Jul--Aug.
Gravel areas, meadows, glacial till in alpine areas; 2500--3300 m. Xinjiang (Tian Shan) [Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan].
B. A. Fedtschenko (Fl. URSS 13: 274. 1948) reports the calyx teeth to be 2--2.5 X as long as the calyx tube.
Good fodder plant.
17. Hedysarum neglectum Ledebour, Fl. Altaic. 3: 341. 1831.
疏忽岩黄耆 shu hu yan huang qi
Hedysarum obscurum Linnaeus var. lasiocapum B. Fedtschenko; H. obscurum var. neglectum (Ledebour) Krylov.
Herbs, perennial, 30--60(--90) cm tall. Stems several, erect. Stipules lanceolate, 1.5--9 mm, connate farther than middle. Leaves 8--12 cm, with 11--15 leaflets; leaflet blades long ovate to ovate-oblong, 2--3 X 0.8--1.4 cm, abaxially sparsely pubescent, adaxially glabrous. Racemes dense, with many flowers; bracts ca. 2 X as long as pedicel, subequal to calyx teeth; peduncle longer than leaves. Pedicel ca. 2 mm. Calyx campanulate, 5--6 mm, pubescent; teeth triangular-lanceolate, ± as long as tube. Corolla purple; standard obovate, 1.3--1.4 X 0.6--0.8 cm; wings as long to slightly shorter than standard; keel ca. 2 mm longer than standard. Ovary pubescent. Legume divided into 3 or 4 loments; loments globose to ovoid, 5--6 X 4--5 mm, compressed, appressed pubescent, margin ca. 1 mm and entire. Fl. Jul--Aug, fr. Aug--Sep.
Alpine meadows, scrub, forests; 1200--2600 m. Xinjiang (W Tian Shan, Altay Shan) [Kazakhstan, W Mongolia, E Russia].
18. Hedysarum falconeri Baker in J. D. Hooker, Fl. Brit. Ind. 2: 146. 1876.
藏西岩黄耆 zang xi yan huang qi
Herbs, perennial, 45--60 cm tall. Stems erect, solid. Stipules connate. Leaves 15--20 cm, with (11--)15--21(--27) leaflets; leaflet blades elliptic, ovate, or oblong-elliptic, 1.5--3 X 0.6--1.5 cm, abaxially pubescent, adaxially glabrous or sparsely pubescent. Racemes with many flowers; bracts lanceolate, (1--)3--10 mm; peduncle longer than leaves. Pedicel 3--5 mm. Calyx campanulate, 7--9 mm, pilose; teeth subulate, abaxial most tooth slightly longer than others. Corolla purple; standard obovate, 1.7--2 cm; wings shorter than standard, with auricle less 1/2 as long as claw; keel ± as long as standard. Ovary pubescent. Legume divided into 1--3 loments; loments ellipsoid, compressed, pubescent, margin irregularly dentate.
Alpine areas. W Xizang? [N Afghanistan, Kashmir, NW Pakistan].
No specimens of this species from China have been seen by the authors. It is likely that all the specimens including the lectotype of Hedysarum falconeri, Falconer 441, cited as being from by “West Tibet” by Baker (Fl. Brit. Ind. 2: 146. 1846) and by H. Ohashi and Y. Tateishi (Fl. E. Himalaya, 3rd. Rep. 377. 1975) are actually from the Karakoram mountains in NW Pakistan.
19. Hedysarum campylocarpon H. Ohashi, J. Jap. Bot. 49: 164. 1974.
曲果岩黄耆 qu guo yan huang qi
Herbs, perennial, 50--80 cm tall. Stems numerous, erect. Stipules long ovate, 1--1.5 cm, connate less than to middle. Leaves 10--15 cm, with 15--19 leaflets; leaflet blades ovate to long ovate, 2--2.5 X 1.2--1.4 cm, both surfaces sparsely to densely pubescent. Racemes somewhat dense, with many flowers; bracts ± as long as pedicel; peduncle slightly longer than leaves. Pedicel 2--3 mm. Calyx campanulate, 5--6 mm, pubescent; teeth triangular, unequal, slightly longer than tube, adaxial teeth connate and slightly shorter than others. Corolla dark purple; standard obovate-oblong, 1.4--1.6 cm; wings slightly longer than standard; keel as long to slightly longer than standard. Ovary pubescent. Legume divided into 2 or 3 loments; loments ellipsoid, 5--7 X 4--5 mm, compressed, appressed pubescent, margin irregularly dentate or entire. Fl. Jul--Aug, fr. Aug--Sep.
Meadows, forests; 3300--4100 m. Xizang (Gyirong Xian) [Nepal].
20. Hedysarum pseudastragalus Ulbrich, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 12: 427. 1922.
紫云英岩黄耆 zi yun ying yan huang qi
Hedysarum blepharopterum Handel-Mazzetti.
Herbs, perennial, 3--15 cm tall. Stems ascending to erect but almost acaulescent. Stipules oblong, 0.9--1.5 cm, connate farther than middle. Leaves 4--6 cm, with 11--17 leaflets; leaflet blades broadly ovate to suborbicular, 6--10 X 5--10 mm, both surfaces usually sericeous, lateral veins sometimes inconspicuous. Racemes lax, with 5--8 flowers; bracts narrowly elliptic, 4--5 X as long as pedicel; peduncle ca. 2 X as long as leaves. Pedicel 1--2 mm; bracteoles 3.5--5 mm. Calyx campanulate, 0.8--1.4 cm, pilose; teeth narrowly lanceolate, equal, 2--3 X as long as tube. Corolla purple; standard broadly obovate, 1.7--2.1 cm; wings 1--2 mm longer than standard; keel 3--4 mm longer than standard. Ovary pubescent. Legume with 2--4 loments; loments obovoid to ellipsoid, 6--7 X 4--5 mm, compressed, canescent, margin narrow and entire. Fl. Jul--Aug, fr. Aug--Sep.
* Alpine meadow; 4300--5000 m. W Sichuan, SE Xizang, NW Yunnan.
21. Hedysarum algidum L. Z. Shue in W. T. Wang et al., Vasc. Pl. Hengduan Mount. 1: 974. 1993.
块茎岩黄耆 kuai jing yan huang qi
Herbs, perennial, 5--20 cm tall. Rhizome inflated torose. Stems several, ascending. Stipules lanceolate, 6--10 mm, connate farther than middle. Leaves 4--8 cm, with 5--13 leaflets; leaflet blades obovate, elliptic, or suborbicular, 8--10 X 4--7 mm, abaxially appressed pubescent, adaxially glabrous. Racemes lax, with 6--12 flowers; bracts obovate, slightly longer than pedicel, apex obtuse and usually dentated; peduncle conspicuously longer than leaves. Pedicel 3--4 mm. Calyx campanulate, 5--6 mm, pilose; teeth triangular-lanceolate, 1.5 X to ± as long as tube, abaxial most tooth slightly longer than others. Corolla purple; standard obovate, 1.3--2.4 cm; wings ± as long as standard; keel slightly longer than standard. Ovary pubescent. Legume divided into 2 to 4 loments; loments ovoid to ellipsoid 5--6 X 4--5 mm, compressed, pubescent, margin narrow and denticulate. Fl. Jul--Aug, fr. Aug--Sep.
* Alpine meadows, alpine gravel areas; 3000--4500 m. SW Gansu, Qinghai, Sichuan, E Xizang, Yunnan.
1a. Corolla standard 1.3--1.6 cm; calyx teeth ± as long as tube; leaflet blades obovate to elliptic 21a. var. algidum
1b. Corolla standard (1.8--)2--2.4 cm; calyx teeth 1.2--1.5 X as long as tube; leaflet blades suborbicular .. 21b. var. speciosum
21a. Hedysarum algidum var. algidum
块茎岩黄耆(原变种) kuai jing yan huang qi (yuan bian zhong)
Hedysarum algidum var. thyrsum Y. H. Wu; H. tuberosum B. Fedtschenko (1900), not Roxburgh ex Willdenow (1825);.
Leaflets obovate to elliptic. Corolla 1.3--1.6 cm. Calyx teeth ± as long as tube.
* Alpine meadows, alpine gravel areas; 3000--4200 m. SW Gansu, Qinghai, Sichuan.
21b. Hedysarum algidum var. speciosum (Handel-Mazzetti) Y. H. Wu, Fl. Qinghai. 2: 264. 1999.
美丽岩黄耆 mei li yan huang qi
Hedysarum tuberosum Roxburgh ex Willdenow var. speciosum Handel-Mazzetti, Symb. Sin. 7: 567. 1933; H. speciosum (Handel-Mazzetti) Yakovlev.
Leaflets suborbicular. Corolla (1.8--)2--2.4 cm. Calyx teeth 1.2--1.5 X as long as tube.
* Alpine meadows; 3900--4500 m. SW Gansu, SE Qinghai, Sichuan, E Xizang, Yunnan.
22. Hedysarum tanguticum B. Fedtschenko, Bot. Centralbl. 84: 274. 1900.
唐古特岩黄耆 tang gu tai yan huang qi
Hedysarum sikkimense Bentham ex Baker var. megalanthum H. Ohashi & Y Tateishi; H. tongolense Ulbrich.
Herbs, perennial, 15--30 cm tall. Stems several, erect to ascending from base. Stipules lanceolate, 0.8--1.2 cm, connate farther than middle. Leaves 8--15 cm, with 15--25 leaflets; leaflet blades ovate-oblong, narrowly elliptic, or elliptic, 8--15 X 4--6 mm, abaxially villous, adaxially glabrous. Racemes dense, with many flowers; bracts broadly lanceolate, ca. 2 X as long as pedicel; peduncle conspicuously longer than leaves. Pedicel 2--3 mm. Calyx campanulate, 6--8 mm, villous; teeth lanceolate, ± as long to slightly longer than tube. Corolla pinkish purple; standard broadly obovate, 2.1--2.5 cm; wings as long as standard; keel 3--4(--5) mm longer than standard. Ovary villous. Legume divided into 3 or 5 loments; loments globose to ellipsoid, 4--5 X 3--4 mm, inflated, villous, margin inconspicuous. Fl. Jul--Aug, fr. Aug--Sep. 2n = 16*.
Alpine meadows, alpine scrub; 3300--4200 m. S Gansu, E Qinghai, Sichuan, E Xizang, N Yunnan [N Nepal].
Good fodder plant.
23. Hedysarum sikkimense Bentham ex Baker in J. D. Hooker, Fl. Brit. Ind. 2: 145. 1876.
锡金岩黄 xi jin yan huang qi
Hedysarum limprichttii Ulbrich; H. sikkimense var. rigidum Handel-Mazzetti; H. sikkimense var. xiangchengense L. Z. Shue.
Herbs, perennial, 5--100 cm tall. Stems several to caespitose, ascending to erect. Stipules broadly lanceolate, 6--8(--12) mm, connate farther than middle. Leaves 5--7(--15) cm, with (13--)17--23 leaflets; leaflet blades ovate-oblong, (0.7--)1.3--1.6 X ca. (0.3--)0.9 cm, abaxially pilose along veins and margin, adaxially glabrous. Racemes secund, dense, with many flowers; bracts lanceolate-ovate, ± as long as pedicel; peduncle longer than leaves. Pedicel 2--3 mm. Calyx campanulate, 4--6(--8) mm, pilose; teeth narrowly lanceolate, ± as long to slightly longer than tube, abaxial most tooth slightly longer than others. Corolla purple to violet; standard long obovate, 1.2--1.4 cm; wings ± as long as standard; keel 1--3 mm longer than standard. Ovary densely pubescent. Legume with 1 or 2 loments; loments obovoid, 8--9 X 6--7 mm, compressed, pubescent, margin irregularly dentate. Fl. Jul--Aug, fr. Aug--Sep. 2n = 14*.
Alpine gravel areas, alpine meadows, forests; 3100--4500 m. S Gansu, S Qinghai, W Sichuan, E Xizang, NW Yunnan [Bhutan, E Nepal, Sikkim].
24. Hedysarum longigynophorum C. C. Ni, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 18: 373. 1980.
长柄岩黄耆 chang bing yan huang qi
Herbs, perennial, 40--80 cm tall. Stems caespitose, erect. Stipules ovate, 8--10 mm, connate farther than middle. Leaves 8--10 cm, with 15--21 leaflets; leaflet blades ovate-oblong, 1.7--2.1 X 0.4--0.6 cm, abaxially sparsely pilose, adaxially glabrous. Racemes lax, with many flowers; bracts lanceolate, ± as long as pedicel; peduncle conspicuously longer than leaves. Pedicel 3--4 mm. Calyx campanulate, 4--5 mm, pilose; teeth lanceolate, ± equal, slightly longer than tube. Corolla unknown. Legume divided into 2 or 3 loments, stipe 8--10 mm; loments basally obovoid and apically rhomboid, 12--15 X 5--7 mm, compressed, pilose, margin irregularly dentate. Fl. Jul--Aug, fr. Aug--Sep.
* Subalpine stony slopes and forests; 3800--4300 m. Xizang (Gongbo’gyamda Xian).
Choi has seen no specimens of this species.
25. Hedysarum jinchuanense L. Z. Shue, Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 5(3): 134. 1985.
金川岩黄耆 jin chuan yan huang qi
Herbs, perennial, 40--80 cm tall. Stems numerous, erect. Stipules long ovate, 8--10 mm, connate farther than middle. Leaves 8--12 cm, with 11 or 13 leaflets; leaflet blades broadly ovate, 1.5--1.9 X ca. 0.8 cm, abaxially sparsely pilose, adaxially glabrous. Racemes dense, with many flowers; bracts lanceolate, ± as long as pedicel; peduncle as long to slightly longer than leaves. Pedicel 1.5--2.5 mm. Calyx campanulate, 6--8 mm, pubescent; teeth lanceolate, ± as long as tube, abaxial most tooth slightly longer than others. Corolla purple; standard long obovate, 1.5--1.7 cm; wings ± as long as standard; keel 1--3 mm longer than standard. Ovary appressed pubescent. Legume divided into 3 or 4 loments; loments subglobose to ellipsoid 5--6 X 4--5 mm, compressed, pubescent, margin inconspicuous. Fl. Jul--Aug, fr. Aug--Sep.
* Stony slopes, scrub, forest margins; ca. 3000 m. NW Sichuan.
Choi has seen no specimens of this species.
26. Hedysarum fistulosum Handel-Mazzetti, Symb. Sin. 7: 564. 1933.
空茎岩黄耆 kong jing yan huang qi
Herbs, perennial, 40--120 cm tall. Stems numerous, erect to caespitose. Stipules ovate-lanceolate, 1--2.5 cm, connate farther than middle. Leaves 9--16 cm, with 15--21 leaflets; leaflet blades long ovate to oblong-ovate, 2--4 X 0.6--1 cm, abaxially densely pubescent, adaxially glabrous. Racemes lax, with many flowers; bracts ± as long as pedicel; peduncle longer than leaves. Pedicel 4--5 mm. Calyx campanulate, 6--7 mm, appressed pubescent; calyx teeth lanceolate, ± equal, as long as or slightly longer than tube. Corolla dark purple; standard obovate, 1.3--1.5 cm; wings 2--3 mm longer than standard; keel ± as long as wings. Ovary pubescent. Legume divided into 1 to 3 loments; loments ellipsoid to obovoid 1.3--1.8 X 0.7--0.8 cm, compressed, pubescent, margin irregularly dentate, apex acute. Fl. Jun--Jul.
* Cliffs; ca. 3300 m. NW Yunnan.
27. Hedysarum xizangense C. C. Ni, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 18: 373. 1980.
西藏岩黄耆 xi zang yan huang qi
Herbs, perennial, 30--40 cm tall. Stems numerous, erect. Stipules triangular, 6--10 mm, connate farther than middle. Leaves 6--10 cm, with 9--17 leaflets; leaflet blades oblong to ovate-elliptic, 10--15 X 5--7 mm, abaxially pilose, adaxially glabrous. Racemes lax, with many flowers; bracts ± as long as pedicel; peduncle conspicuously longer than leaves. Pedicel 3--4 mm. Calyx campanulate, 6--8 mm, pilose; teeth triangular-lanceolate, ± as long to slightly longer than tube, abaxial most tooth slightly longer than others. Corolla dark purple; standard obovate, 1.4--1.5 cm; wings ± as long as standard; keel 2--3 mm longer than standard. Ovary pubescent. Legume divided into 2 or 3 loments; loments (juvenile) densely appressed pubescent. Fl. Jul--Aug, fr. Aug--Sep.
* Scrub; ca. 3100 m. Xizang (Nangxian Xian).
Choi has seen no specimens of this species.
28. Hedysarum taoriparium B. H. Choi & H. Ohashi, Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 45: 107. 1988.
??
Herbs, perennial, ca. 40 cm tall. Stems several, slender, erect, pubescent. Stipules lanceolate, 1.5--2 cm, connate farther than middle. Leaves 12--16 cm, with 17--19 leaflets; leaflet blades narrowly ovate or ovate, 20--24 X 7--9 mm, abaxially and adaxially tomentose. Racemes dense, with 10--20 flowers; bracts narrowly lanceolate, 7--11 X 0.7--1 mm; peduncle as long or longer than leaves. Pedicel 2--3.5 mm; bracteoles 0.4--0.7 mm. Calyx campanulate, 8--10 mm, pilose; teeth lanceolate, adaxial teeth slightly shorter than tube, abaxial teeth slightly longer than tube. Corolla dark purple; standard obovate, 1.8--2.0 cm; wings as long as standard; keel ca. 8 mm longer than standard. Ovary appressed pubescent; ovules 3 or 4. Legume unknown. Fl. Jun--Jul.
* River banks; ca. 3000 m. SW Gansu.
29. Hedysarum dahuricum Turczaninow ex B. Fedtschenko, Fl. URSS 13: 290. 1948.
刺岩黄耆 ci yan huang qi
Herbs, perennial, 20--25 cm tall. Stems numerous, ascending to decumbent. Stipules ovate-lanceolate, 6--8 mm, connate farther than middle. Leaves 8--15 cm, with 9--17 leaflets; leaflet blades oblong to lanceolate-ovate, 1.2--2.2 X 0.4--0.6 cm, abaxially densely appressed pubescent, adaxially glabrous. Racemes dense, capitate to ovoid, with many flowers; bracts lanceolate, slightly longer than pedicel; peduncle longer than leaves. Pedicel ca. 1 mm. Calyx campanulate, 5--6 mm, pubescent; teeth lanceolate-subulate, 2--3 X as long as tube. Corolla pale yellow; standard obovate, 1.2--1.3 cm; wings ca. 4/5 as long as standard; keel ca. 1 mm longer than standard. Ovary pubescent. Leg