CROTALARIA Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 714. 1753, nom. cons. [Draft]
猪屎豆属 zhu shi dou shu
Goniogyna de Condolle; Heylandia de Condolle; Priotropis Wight & Arnott.
Herbs, shrublets, or shrubs. Stems terete or 4-angled. Stipules filiform to foliaceous or lacking. Leaves simple or trifoliolate, usually petiolate. Inflorescences terminal, axillary, or occasionally leaf-opposed, racemes or occasionally headlike; bracts usually present. Flowers usually pedicellate; bracteoles usually 2. Calyx subcampanulate with 5 subequal lobes or 2-lipped with abaxial 3 lobes narrow and adaxial 2 lobes broad and connate or slightly connate. Corolla white, yellow, purplish red, or dark purplish blue; standard usually orbicular or oblong, outside glabrous or hairy, basally almost always with 2 appendages inside; wings oblong or narrowly elliptic; keel rounded to angled, generally extended into a well developed beak. Stamens monadelphus; anthers dimorphic, oblong and basifixed or ovoid and dorsifixed. Ovary stipitate or sessile, with or without trichomes, with 2-many ovules. Style long, basally curved, almost always with 1 or 2 lines of trichomes on apical part; stigma minute, oblique, rarely 2-lobed. Legume subsessile to long stipitate, oblong, cylindric, ovoid-globose, or rarely rhombic, inflated, 2- to many-seeded, with or without a neck. Seeds obliquely cordate to oblong-reniform, with a definite hilar sinus.
About 690 species throughout tropics and extending into subtropics, most numerous in E and S tropical Africa; 36 species (six naturalized and five endemic) in China.
1a. Calyx subcampanulate; keel beak not twisted; legume cylindric or oblong, 20--30-seeded.
2a. Legume oblong, with dense rusty pubescence and not glabrescent; corolla only slightly longer than calyx.
3a. Leaflet blades subrotund to elliptic-obovate, 2--4 X 1--2 cm; stems patently pilose ....................... 1. C. incana
3b. Leaflet blades elliptic to narrowly elliptic, 5--7 X 2--4 cm; stems appressed pilosulose
4a. Corolla 10--15 mm; legume oblong, 2.5--4 X 1--1.5 cm ........................................................................... 2. C. micans
4b. Corolla 5--8 mm; legume cylindric or oblong, ca. 2 X 0.5--1 cm.
5a. Leaflet blades elliptic to oblong-elliptic, 3--5 X 2--2.5 cm, apex obtuse; legume neck ca. 4 mm 3. C. jianfengensis
5b. Leaflet blades narrowly elliptic, 5--7 X 2.5--4 cm, apex acuminate; legume without a neck ........ 4. C. bracteata
2b. Legume cylindric or rarely oblong, slightly pubescent when young but glabrescent; corolla 2 X as long as calyx.
6a. Calyx with trichomes.
7a. Leaflet blades oblong to elliptic, 3--6 X 2--4 cm ..................................................................................... 5. C. pallida
7b. Leaflet blades linear to linear-lanceolate, 5--9(--12) X 0.5--1 cm ................................................... 6. C. lanceolata
6b. Calyx glabrous.
8a. Leaflet blades oblong to narrowly elliptic, 6--10 X 2--3 cm .......................................................... 7. C. zanzibarica
8b. Leaflet blades linear to linear-lanceolate, 5--9(--12) X 0.5--1 cm .................................................. 8. C. ochroleuca
1b. Calyx subcampanulate or 2-lipped; keel beak twisted; legume oblong, cylindric, or ovoid-globose, 6--15(--40)-seeded.
9a. Leaves 3-foliolate; calyx subcampanulate; legume 2-seeded.
10a. Leaflet blades obovate to oblanceolate, 1--2 X 0.3--0.8 cm; legume 3--4 mm in diam. ....... 35. C. medicaginea
10b. Leaflet blades elliptic, 2--3 X 1--1.5 cm; legume ca. 5 mm in diam. .............................................. 36. C. uncinella
9b. Leaves simple; calyx subcampanulate or 2-lipped; legume 6--30-seeded.
11a. Calyx subcampanulate; legume oblong to narrowly elliptic, 10--12-seeded, exserted from calyx; stipules lanceolate-lunate .................................................................................................................................. 9. C. verrucosa
11b. Calyx 2-lipped; legume oblong, cylindric, or ovoid-globose, 6--30-seeded, exserted from calyx or not; stipules not lanceolate-lunate.
12a. Stipules winglike, decurrent on stem ...................................................................................................... 10. C. alata
12b. Stipules not winglike.
13a. Herbs or shrublets, erect; stipules foliaceous, ovate-triangle, or linear, sometimes absent; legume oblong, 2--4(--6) cm, (10--)20--30-seeded.
14a. Stems 4-angled ................................................................................................................................... 16. C. tetragona
14b. Stems terete.
15a. Stipules over 5 mm (does not agree with leads below).
16a. Stipules foliaceous, broadly lanceolate, 1--3 cm ......................................................................... 11. C. mysorensis
16b. Stipules ovate-triangular, lanceolate, or triangular-lanceolate.
17a. Stipules ovate-triangular, ca. 1 cm ................................................................................................. 12. C. spectabilis
17b. Stipules lanceolate to triangular-lanceolate, 5--8 mm .................................................................. 19. C. ferruginea
15b. Stipules 1--3 mm.
18a. Leaflet blades obovate to obovate-elliptic, 1--3 cm .................................................................. 20. C. hainanensis
18b. Leaflet blades narrowly elliptic, lanceolate, or linear, 5--12 cm.
19a. Corolla 1--1.2(--1.5) cm, equal to or slightly exserted beyond calyx.
20a. Leaflet blades linear or oblong-linear, 4--7 X 0.4--1 cm; legume 3--4 cm, densely brown silky pubescent 17. C. yaihsienensis
20b. Leaflet blades narrowly elliptic, 6--11 X 2--3 cm; legume 1--2.5 cm, glabrous ............................ 18. C. peguana
19b. Corolla 1.5--2.5 cm, exserted beyond calyx.
21a. Leaflet blades linear-lanceolate to oblong-linear, 6--12 X 0.5--2 cm ................................................. 15. C. juncea
21b. Leaflet blades oblanceolate or narrowly elliptic, 5--15 X 2--4 cm.
22a. Leaflet blades apex obtuse to acuminate and mucronate; legume 4--6 cm .................................. 13.C. assamica
22b. Leaflet blades apex emarginate and not mucronate; legume 2.5--3 cm ............................................ 14. C. retusa
13b. Herbs, erect or spreading prostrate; stipules linear to setose or absent; legume cylindric or ovoid-globose, 0.5--1.5 cm, 8--15(--30)-seeded.
23a. Legume ovoid-globose, 4--5(--7) mm, 6--8(--10)-seeded.
24a. Bracts ovate-triangle, 6--7 mm; leaf blade obovate to ovate-oblong ................................................. 32.C. dubia
24b. Bracts lanceolate or linear, 2--3 mm; leaf blade narrowly linear, oblanceolate, or oblong.
25a. Leaf blade oblanceolate or oblong; plants 50--100 cm tall .............................................................. 33. C. linifolia
25b. Leaf blade narrowly linear; plants to 30 cm tall ..................................................................................... 34. C. nana
23b. Legume cylindric, 1--1.5 cm, 10--15(--30)-seeded.
26a. Calyx 2--3 cm, black when mature ....................................................................................................... 22.C. calycina
26b. Calyx less than 1.5 cm, brownish yellow when mature.
27a. Flowers in a head or headlike dense racemes ...................................................................................... 24. C. mairei
27b. Flowers in a raceme but not headlike or rarely solitary.
28a. Stipules present but sometimes caducous.
29a. Stipule acicular, ca. 1 mm.
30a. Racemes terminal or axillary, 20--30-flowered ...................................................................................... 27. C. albida
30b. Racemes axillary, (1- or)2-flowered .................................................................................................. 28. C. uliginosa
29b. Stipules linear, 2--6 mm.
31a. Leaf blade rounded or elliptic; corolla 4--6 mm ............................................................................. 25. C. acicularis
31b. Leaf blade linear, linear-lanceolate, or elliptic-oblanceolate; corolla 8--12 mm.
32a. Leaf blade linear-elliptic to elliptic-oblanceolate, 5--8 X ca. 2 cm .................................................... 21.C. occulta
32b. Leaf blade linear to linear-lanceolate, 3--8 X 0.5--1 cm ............................................................... 23. C. sessiliflora
28b. Stipules absent.
33a. Herbs, erect or prostrate.
34a. Plants erect; leaf blade lanceolate, linear-lanceolate, or oblong-linear, 2--2.5 X 0.4--1 cm, abaxially densely pilose, adaxially glabrescent .......................................................................................................................... 26. C. chinensis
34b. Plants prostrate; leaf blade elliptic to ovate-oblong, 1--3 X 0.5--1 cm, with trichomes on both surfaces 30. C. prostrata
33b. Herbs, low and small.
35a. Leaf blade elliptic to ovate 3--8 X 2--4 mm ........................................................................................... 31. C. similis
35b. Leaf blade elliptic, linear-elliptic, oblong-linear, or linear, 20--35 X 4--15 mm.
36a. Leaf blade oblong-linear to linear; racemes 1--5-flowered.............................................................. 26. C. chinensis
36b. Leaf blade narrowly elliptic to elliptic; racemes 5--20-flowered ............................................. 29. C. yunnanensis
1. Crotalaria incana Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 716. 1753.
圆叶猪屎豆 yuan ye zhu shi dou
Crotalaria purpurascens Lamarck; C. schimperi A. Richard.
Herbs or shrublets, to 1 m tall. Stems patently brownish yellow pubescent. Stipules acicular, 2--3 mm, caducous. Leaves 3-foliolate; petiole 3--5 cm; petiolules 1--3 mm; leaflet blades elliptic-obovate, obovate, or suborbicular, 2--4 X 1--2 cm, terminal one larger than lateral ones, thin, abaxially pubescent to nearly glabrous, adaxially glabrous, secondary veins 6--10 on each side of midvein, secondary and tertiary veins abaxially distinct and adaxially inconspicuous, base rotund to broadly cuneate, apex obtuse and mucronate. Inflorescences terminal or axillary, racemes, 10--20 cm, 5--15-flowered; bracts minute, caducous. Pedicel 3--4 mm; bracteoles inserted at base of calyx tube, similar to bracts, 2--3 mm. Calyx subcampanulate, 6--8 mm, 5-lobed; lobes lanceolate, longer than tube, pubescent. Corolla yellow, exserted beyond calyx; standard elliptic, 8--10 mm, base with appendages, apically usually pilose; wings oblong, 8--10 mm; keel as long as wings, basal half abruptly rounded, apically with a well-developed incurved beak. Legume oblong, 2--3 X 0.7--1 cm, 20--30-seeded, densely rusty pilose, apically slightly oblique; neck ca. 2 mm. Fl. Oct--Dec, fr. Jan--Feb.
Sparse grasslands, along trails; below 100 to 2000 m. Cultivated or naturalized in Anhui, Guangdong, Guangxi, Jiangsu, Taiwan, Yunnan, and Zhejiang [native in America].
2. Crotalaria micans Link, Enum. Hort. Berol. Alt. 2: 228. 1822.
三尖叶猪屎豆 san jian ye zhu shi dou
Crotalaria anagyroides Kunth.
Herbs or shrublets, to 2 m tall. Stems terete, thick, densely rusty appressed pubescent. Stipules acicular, very minute, persistent or caducous. Leaves 3-foliolate; petiole 2--5 cm; petiolules ca. 2 mm; leaflet blades elliptic to narrowly elliptic, 4--7(--10) X 2--3 cm, terminal one larger than lateral ones, thin, veins distinct on both surfaces, midvein abaxially sparsely pilose and adaxially pilose, secondary veins 8--15 on each side of midvein, base cuneate, apex acuminate and mucronate. Inflorescences terminal, racemes, 10--30 cm, 20--30-flowered; bracts minute, linear, caducous. Pedicel 5--7 mm; bracteoles similar to bracts but smaller. Calyx subcampanulate, 7--10 mm, 5-lobed; lobes broadly lanceolate, as long as tube, densely rusty silky pilose. Corolla yellow, exserted beyond calyx; standard orbicular, ca. 1.4 cm in diam., base with 2 appendages, apex obtuse to retuse; wings oblong, ca. 1.3 cm; keel ca. 1 cm, abruptly rounded slightly basal from middle. Legume oblong, 2.5--4 X 1--1.5 cm, 20--30-seeded, densely rusty pilose when young but glabrescent; neck 2--4 mm; style persistent. Seeds black when mature, obliquely cordate, nearly smooth. Fl. May--Sep, fr. Aug--Dec.
Grasslands, slopes, along trails; 100 m or lower. Cultivated or naturalized in Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Taiwan, and Yunnan [native in America].
3. Crotalaria jianfengensis C. Y. Yang, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 20(4): 478. 1982.
尖峰猪屎豆 jian feng zhu shi dou
Herbs or shrublets, 60--120 cm tall. Stems terete, ribbed, densely brownish yellow pubescent. Stipules acicular, ca. 2 mm, caducous. Leaves 3-foliolate; petiole 3--5 cm; petiolules ca. 1.5 mm; leaflet blades elliptic to oblong-elliptic, 3--5 X 2--2.5 cm, terminal one larger than lateral ones, thin, abaxially slightly pubescent to subglabrous, adaxially glabrous, veins distinct on both surfaces, secondary veins 8--10 on each side of midvein, base narrow, apex obtuse to retuse and mucronate. Inflorescences terminal or axillary, racemes, ca. 40 cm, 50--80-flowered; bracts linear, 3--5 mm, caducous. Pedicel 0.8--1.2 cm; bracteoles inserted at base of calyx tube, similar to bracts but shorter. Calyx subcampanulate, 8--10 mm, 5-lobed; lobes lanceolate, subequal in length, brownish yellow appressed pubescent. Corolla yellow, included in calyx; standard obovate, 5--8 mm; wings oblong, 4--6 mm; keel ovate, as long as standard, narrowed apically from middle. Legume cylindric, many-seeded, densely appressed pubescent; neck 3--4 mm. Fl. Feb, fr. ??.
* Sandy areas along rivers, riverside grassy slopes; ca. 600 m. Hainan (?? Xian).
4. Crotalaria bracteata Roxburgh ex de Candolle, Prodr. 2: 130. 1825.
毛果猪屎豆 mao guo zhu shi dou
Herbs or shrublets, 60--120 cm tall. Stems terete, appressed pubescent. Stipules acicular, 3--4 mm. Leaves 3-foliolate; petiole 3--5 cm; petiolules 1--1.5 mm; leaflet blades narrowly elliptic, 5--7(--9) X 2.5--4 cm, terminal one larger than ones, thin, abaxially sparsely pilose, adaxially glabrous, veins distinct on both surfaces, secondary veins 8--18 on each side of midvein, base attenuate, apex acuminate. Inflorescences leaf-opposed or rarely terminal, racemes, 10--15 cm, 10--30-flowered; bracts acicular, ca. 1 mm. Pedicel 3--7 mm; bracteoles inserted at base of calyx tube, ovate-lanceolate, ca. 3 mm. Calyx subcampanulate, 5--6 mm, 5-lobed; lobes lanceolate, equal in length to tube, pilose. Corolla yellow, exserted beyond calyx; standard oblong, ca. 9 mm, with 2 appendages at base; wings oblong, ca. 8 mm; keel as long as wing, curved, apex with a beak. Ovary subsessile. Legume oblong, ca. 2 X 0.5--1 cm, densely rusty pubescent, 7- or 8-seeded; style persistent. Fl. Aug--Sep, fr. Oct--Dec.
Along trails, riverbanks, forests; 700--1000 m. Yunnan (Xishuangbanna Zhou) [South Asia, Indochina; Pacific islands].
5. Crotalaria pallida Aiton, Hort. Kew. 3: 20. 1789.
猪屎豆 zhu shi dou
Crotalaria mucronata Desvaux; C. striata de Candolle.
Shrublets or perennial herbs. Branches terete, ribbed, densely appressed pubescent. Stipules acicular, very minute, caducous. Leaves 3-foliolate; petiole 2--4 cm; petiolules 1--2 mm; leaflet blades oblong to elliptic, 3--6 X 1.5--3 cm, abaxially sparsely silky pubescent, adaxially glabrous, veins distinct on both surfaces, base broadly cuneate, apex obtuse to retuse. Inflorescences terminal, racemes, ca. 25 cm, 10--40-flowered; bracts linear, ca. 4 mm, caducous. Pedicel 3--5 mm; bracteoles inserted at base of calyx tube or on middle of pedicel, similar to bracts, ca. 2 mm. Calyx subcampanulate, 4--6 mm, 5-lobed; lobes triangle, equal in length to tube, densely pubescent. Corolla yellow, exserted beyond calyx; standard orbicular to elliptic, ca. 1 cm in diam., with 2 appendages at base; wings oblong, ca. 8 mm, marginally pilose on basal part; keel ca. 1.2 cm, rather shallowly rounded, marginally pilose at base, apex with a narrow ± projecting beak. Ovary subsessile. Legume oblong, 3--4 X 0.5--0.8 cm, 20--30-seeded, pilose when young but glabrescent, valve twisted after dehiscence. Fl. Sep--Oct, fr. Nov--Dec.
Grasslands, sandy areas; 100--1000 m. Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hunan, Shandong, Sichuan, Taiwan, Yunnan, Zhejiang [tropical and subtropical Asia; Africa, America,].
6. Crotalaria lanceolata E. Meyer, Comm. Pl. Afr. Austr. 24. 1836.
长果猪屎豆 chang guo zhu shi dou
Herbs or shrublets, 50--100 cm tall. Branches terete, pilose when young but glabrescent. Stipules absent. Leaves 3-foliolate; petiole 3--6 cm; petiolules 1--2 mm; leaflet blades linear to linear-lanceolate, 5--9(--12) X 0.5--1 cm, both surfaces sparsely pilose or glabrous, base cuneate, apex acuminate and mucronate. Inflorescences terminal, racemes, to 20 cm, 10--40-flowered; bracts subulate to filiform, 0.5--3 mm, expanded at base. Pedicel 3--5 mm; bracteoles inserted at base of calyx, narrow, 0.3--1 mm. Calyx subcampanulate, ca. 3 mm, 5-lobed; lobes triangular, shorter than tube, pubescent. Corolla yellow, exserted beyond calyx; standard orbicular, ca. 1 cm in diam., with 2 appendages at base; wings oblong, ca. 1 cm, marginally pilose at base; keel as long as wings, apical half rounded, marginally pubescent at base, apically extended into a long beak. Ovary subsessile. Legume oblong, 2--3 X 0.5--1 cm, many-seeded, glabrous. Seeds obliquely cordate. Fl. Jun--Aug, fr. Sep--Nov.
Grasslands, along trails. Cultivated or naturalized in Fujian, Taiwan, and Yunnan [native in African and Madagascar].
7. Crotalaria zanzibarica Bentham, London J. Bot. 2: 584. 1843.
光萼猪屎豆 guang e zhu shi dou
Crotalaria usaramoensis E. G. Baker.
Herbs or shrublets, to 2 m tall. Branches terete, ribbed, pubescent. Stipules subulate, ca. 1 mm. Leaves 3-foliolate; petiole 3--5 cm; petiolules ca. 2 mm; leaflet blades narrowly elliptic, 6--10 X 1--2(--3) cm, abaxially pubescent, adaxially glabrous, base ??, apex acuminate and mucronate. Inflorescences terminal, racemes, ca. 20 cm, 10--20-flowered; bracts linear, 2--3 mm. Pedicel 3--6 mm; bracteoles inserted on apical half of pedicel, similar to bracts in shape, but shorter. Calyx subcampanulate, 4--5 mm, 5-lobed; lobes triangular, as long as tube. Corolla yellow, exserted beyond calyx; standard orbicular, ca. 1.2 cm in diam., with 2 appendages at base, apex awned; wings oblong, as long as standard; keel ca. 1.5 cm, slightly rounded, marginally pubescent at base, narrowed apically from middle and extended into a long beak. Ovary subsessile. Legume cylindric, 3--4 cm, 20--30-seeded, glabrescent; style and calyx persistent. Seeds orangish buff to terra cotta-colored, reniform, smooth. Fl. Apr--Aug, fr. Sep--Dec.
Grasslands, along trails; 100--1000 m. Cultivated or naturalized Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, Hunan, Sichuan, Taiwan, and Yunnan [native in America].
8. Crotalaria ochroleuca G. Don, Gen Hist. 2: 138. 1832.
狭叶猪屎豆 xia ye zhu shi dou
Herbs or shrublets, erect, to 1.5 m tall. Branches ribbed, pubescent when young but glabrescent. Stipules absent. Leaves 3-foliolate; petiole 1--3 cm; petiolules ca. 1 mm; leaflet blades linear to linear-lanceolate, 5--9(--12) X 0.5--1 cm, abaxially sparsely pilose, adaxially glabrous, base broadly cuneate, apex acuminate and mucronate. Inflorescences terminal, racemes, 10--15 cm, 10--15-flowered, lax; bracts very minute. Pedicel 3--5 mm; bracteoles inserted at base of calyx tube, similar to bracts. Calyx subcampanulate, ca. 4 mm, glabrous, 5-lobed; lobes triangular. Corolla pale yellow or white, exserted far beyond calyx; standard oblong, 0.8--1.2 cm, with 2 appendages at base; wings obovate, ca. 1.3 cm; keel shortly rounded, ca. 1.7 cm, apex with a rather long projecting beak. Ovary subsessile. Legume oblong, ca. 4 X 1.5--2 cm, 20--30-seeded, sparsely pubescent. Seeds pale yellow to orange, reniform, smooth. Fl. Aug--Oct, fr. Nov--Dec.
Dry and shaded places in thin soil. Cultivated or naturalized in Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan [native in Africa].
9. Crotalaria verrucosa Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 715. 1753.
多疣猪屎豆 duo you zhu shi dou
Crotalaria acuminata G. Don.
Herbs, erect, 50--100 cm tall. Branches 4-angled, glabrescent. Stipules foliaceous, ovate-falcate, 5--8 mm, Leaves simple; petiole 3--5 mm; leaf blade ovate to elliptic, 10--15 X 3--5 cm, thinly membranous, abaxially densely rusty pubescent, adaxially glabrous, base broadly cuneate, apex acuminate. Inflorescences terminal or axillary, racemes, 10--20-flowered; bracts linear, ca. 1 mm. Pedicel 3--4 mm; bracteoles inserted apically from middle of pedicel. Calyx subcampanulate, 8--10 mm, 5-lobed; lobes lanceolate, slightly longer than tube. Corolla pale yellow, white, or tinged blue; standard orbicular to obovate, 1--1.8 cm, with 2 appendages at base; wings oblong, 1--1.6 cm; keel as long as wings, exserted beyond calyx. Ovary subsessile, pilose on apical part. Legume oblong, 2--4 cm, 10--12-seeded, pubescent. Seeds nearly smooth to papillose, shiny. Fl. Aug--Oct, fr. Nov--Dec.
Grasslands, sparse forests; 100--200 m. Guangdong, Hainan, Taiwan [native in tropical Asian].
Now quite common as a weed throughout the tropics.
10. Crotalaria alata Buchanan-Hamilton ex D. Don, Fl. Nepal. 241. 1825.
翅托叶猪屎豆 chi tuo ye zhu shi dou
Crotalaria bidiei Gamble.
Herbs or shrublets, erect, 5--100 cm tall. Branches zigzagged, silky pilose. Stipules decurrent on stem as a wide wing. Leaves simple, nearly sessile; leaf blade elliptic to obovate-elliptic, 3--8 X 1--5 cm, both surfaces with trichomes but abaxially slightly denser, base attenuate to cuneate, apex obtuse and mucronate. Inflorescences terminal or axillary, racemes, 2- or 3-flowered; bracts ovate-lanceolate, ca. 3 mm. Pedicel 3--5 mm; bracteoles inserted at base of calyx tube, similar to bracts. Calyx 2-lipped, 6--10 mm; lobes lanceolate, apex acuminate. Corolla yellow; standard obovate-orbicular, 5--8 mm, with a barb on abaxially apical part; wings oblong, shorter than standard; keel ovate, apically with a long beak. Ovary glabrous. Legume oblong, 3--4 cm, 30--40-seeded, sparsely pubescent or glabrous, apex with a slightly curved beak; neck ca. 3 mm. Seeds obliquely cordate, smooth. Fl. Jun--Aug, fr. Sep--Dec.
Montane grasslands; 100--2000 m. Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, Hunan, Sichuan, Yunnan [native in Asia]
Cultivated and naturalized in Africa and Madagascar.
11. Crotalaria mysorensis Roth, Nov. Pl. Sp. 338. 1821.
褐毛猪屎豆 he mao zhu shi dou
Crotalaria decasperma Naik; C. stipulacea Roxburgh.
Herbs, erect, 50--100 cm tall. Branches terete, densely rusty patent pilose. Stipules broadly lanceolate, 1--3 X 0.3--0.5 cm. Leaves simple, nearly sessile; leaf blade lanceolate to broadly lanceolate, 5--7(--8) X 0.5--1.5 cm, both surfaces sparsely pilose, base cuneate, apex obtuse. Inflorescences terminal, racemes, 6--9-flowered; bracts lanceolate, 5--8 mm. Pedicel 2--3 mm; bracteoles inserted at base of calyx tube, similar to bracts, 6--10 mm. Calyx 2-lipped, 0.8--1.5 cm, parted to base. Corolla yellow; standard narrowly elliptic, 1.2--1.5 cm, base with 2 appendages, apical half pilose; wings lanceolate-oblong, 1.2--1.4 cm; keel slightly longer than wings, narrowed apical from middle and extended into a long, suberect beak. Legume oblong, 2--3 cm, 20--30-seeded. Fl. Aug, fr. ??.
Guangdong islands [India, Malaysia, Nepal, Pakistan, Philippines].
12. Crotalaria spectabilis Roth, Nov. Pl. Sp. 341. 1821.
大托叶猪屎豆 da tuo ye zhu shi dou
Crotalaria leschenaultii de Condolle.
Herbs, erect, 0.6--1.5 m tall. Branches terete, glabrous. Stipules ovate-triangular, ca. 1 cm. Leaves simple; petiole 2--8 mm; leaf blade oblanceolate to narrowly elliptic, 7--15 X 2--5 cm, thin, abaxially appressed silky pubescent, adaxially glabrous, base broadly cuneate, apex obtuse and mucronate. Inflorescences terminal or axillary, racemes, 20--30-flowered; bracts ovate-triangular, 7--10 mm. Pedicel 1--1.5 cm; bracteoles inserted at or apical to middle of pedicel, linear, ca. 1 mm. Calyx 2-lipped, 1.2--1.5 cm, glabrous; lobes broadly lanceolate-triangular, longer than tube. Corolla pale yellow or purplish red; standard suborbicular to oblong, 1--2 cm, base with 2 appendages, apex obtuse to retuse; wings obovate, ca. 2 cm; keel rounded heavily, narrowed apically from middle, apex with a fairly short and slightly incurved twisted beak exserted beyond calyx. Legume oblong, 2.5--3 X 1.5--2 cm, 20--30-seeded, shortly stipitate, glabrous. Seeds smooth. Fl. Aug--Oct, fr. Oct--Dec.
Montane grasslands, along trails; 100--1500 m. Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Taiwan, Yunnan, Zhejiang [India, Malaysia, Nepal, Philippines].
Cultivated and naturalized in Africa and Madagascar.
13. Crotalaria assamica Bentham, London J. Bot. 2: 481. 1843.
大猪屎豆 da zhu shi dou
Crotalaria burmannii de Candolle.
Herbs, erect, to 1.5 m tall. Branches terete, rusty pilose. Stipules linear, minute. Leaves simple; petiole 2--3 mm; leaf blade oblanceolate to narrowly elliptic, 5--15 X 2--4 cm, thin, abaxially rusty pubescent, adaxially glabrous, base cuneate, apex obtuse and mucronate. Inflorescences terminal or axillary, racemes, 20--30-flowered; bracts linear, 1--2 mm. Pedicel ??; bracteoles similar to bracts but shorter. Calyx 2-lipped, 1--1.5 cm; lobes lanceolate-triangular, as long as tube, pubescent. Corolla yellow; standard suborbicular to elliptic, 1.5--2 cm, base with 2 appendages, apex retuse; wings 1.5--1.8 cm; keel rounded, to 90o, narrowed apically from middle and extended into a long beak exserted beyond calyx. Ovary glabrous. Legume oblong, 4--6 X ca. 1.5 cm, 20--30-seeded; neck ca. 5 mm. Fl. May--Sep, fr. Aug--Dec.
Montane grasslands, along trails; below 100 to 3000 m. Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Taiwan, Yunnan [Indochina, South Asia].
14. Crotalaria retusa Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 715. 1753.
吊裙草 diao qun cao
Lupinus cochinchinensis Loureiro.
Herbs, erect, 60--120 cm tall. Branches terete, pubescent. Stipules subulate, ca. 1 mm. Leaves simple; petiole 2--4 mm; leaf blade oblong to oblanceolate, 3--8 X 1--3.5 cm, abaxially slightly pubescent, adaxially glabrous, veins distinct on both surfaces, base cuneate, apex retuse. Inflorescences terminal, racemes, 10--20-flowered; bracts lanceolate, 2--3 mm. Pedicel 3--5 mm; bracteoles inserted on apical part of pedicel, filiform, very minute. Calyx 2-lipped, 1--1.2 cm; lobes broadly lanceolate, sparsely pubescent. Corolla yellow; standard suborbicular to elliptic, 1--1.5 cm, base with 2 appendages; wings oblong, 1--1.5 cm; keel as long as wings, narrowed apically from middle and extended into a long beak exserted beyond calyx. Legume oblong, 3--4 cm, 10--20-seeded, glabrous; neck ca. 2 mm. Fl. Oct--Dec, fr. Jan--Apr.
Montane grasslands, seashore sandy areas. Guangdong, Hainan [India, Malaysia, Myanmar, Sri Lanka, Vietnam; tropical and subtropical Africa, America, and Pacific Islands].
Cultivated in Hunan.
15. Crotalaria juncea Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 714. 1753.
菽麻 shu ma
Crotalaria benghalensis Lamarck; C. tenuifolia Roxburgh ex Hornemann.
Herbs, erect, 50--100 cm tall. Branches terete, ribbed, appressed silky pubescent. Stipules linear, ca. 2 mm, caducous. Leaves simple; petiole 3--5 mm; leaf blade oblong to linear-lanceolate, 6--12 X 0.5--2 cm, both surfaces pilose but abaxially more densely so, base attenuate, apex acuminate and mucronate. Inflorescences terminal or axillary, racemes, 10--20-flowered; bracts linear, 3--4 mm. Pedicel 5--8 mm; bracteoles inserted at base of calyx tube, shorter than bracts, densely pubescent. Calyx 2-lipped, 1--1.5 cm, parted almost to base, densely rusty pilose; lobes lanceolate, curved. Corolla yellow; standard oblong, 1.5--2.5 cm, base with 2 appendages; wings obovate-oblong, 1.5--2 cm; keel subangular, slightly longer than wings, apex with a long slightly incurved twisted beak exserted beyond calyx. Legume subsessile, cylindrical, 2--4 cm, 10--15-seeded, rusty pubescent. Seeds smooth to papillose around hilum. Fl. Aug--Dec, fr. Jan--May.
Sparse forests, along trails; below 100 to 2000 m. Cultivated and naturalized in Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Jiangsu, Shandong Sichuan, Taiwan, Yunnan [native in India].
Cultivated and naturalized in tropical and subtropical America, Africa, Asia, and Pacific Islands.
16. Crotalaria tetragona Roxburgh ex Andrews, Bot. Repos. 9: t. 593. 1812.
四棱猪屎豆 si ling zhu shi dou
Crotalaria esquirolii H. Léveillé.
Herbs, erect, to 2 m tall. Branches 4-angled, silky pubescent. Stipules linear to linear-lanceolate, 4--5 mm. Leaves simple; petiole short; leaf blade oblong-elliptic to linear-lanceolate, 10--20(--25) X 1--2.5 cm, both surfaces finely appressed pubescent, base obtuse, apex acuminate. Inflorescences terminal or axillary, racemes, 6--10-flowered; bracts lanceolate, 4--6 mm. Pedicel 1--1.5 cm; bracteoles inserted on apical part of pedicel, linear, 3--4 mm. Calyx 2-lipped, 1.5--2.5 cm, parted to base; lobes lanceolate, rounded as falcate. Corolla yellow; standard suborbicular to oblong, ca. 2.5 cm, with 2 appendages at base; wings narrowly elliptic to lanceolate-elliptic, ca. 2 cm; keel as long as wings, apex beaked and exserted beyond calyx. Legume, oblong, 4--5 cm, 10--20-seeded, densely brownish yellow pubescent. Fl. Sep--Nov, fr. Dec--Feb.
Sparse forests, along trails; 500--1600 m. Guangdong, Guangxi, Sichuan, Yunnan [Bhutan, India, Myanmar, Nepal, Philippines, Vietnam].
17. Crotalaria yaihsienensis T. C. Chen, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 8: 349. 1963.
崖州猪屎豆 ya zhou zhu shi dou
Herbs, to 1 m tall. Branches terete, ribbed, appressed silky pubescent. Stipules filiform, less than 1 mm, caducous. Leaves simple; petiole 2--3 mm; leaf blade linear to oblong-linear, 4--7 X 0.4--1 cm, both surfaces silky pilose but abaxially more densely so, midvein abaxially prominent and adaxially sulcate, secondary veins 12--15 on each side of midvein, base slightly cuneate, apex obtuse. Inflorescences terminal or axillary, racemes, 10--20 cm, 8--12-flowered, lax; bracts ovate-triangular, ca. 1.5 mm. Pedicel ??; bracteoles inserted at base of calyx tube. Calyx 2-lipped, ca. 1 cm; abaxially 3 lobes linear-lanceolate and ca. 1 cm, adaxially 2 lobes lanceolate and ca. 9 mm. Corolla yellow; standard suborbicular, ca. 7 mm; keel as long as standard, narrowed apically from middle and extended into a long beak included in calyx. Ovary subsessile, with trichomes. Legume oblong, 2.5--3 cm, 10--20-seeded, densely brown silky pubescent. Fl. Sep--Nov, fr. Dec--Jan.
* Seashore, montane grasslands. Hainan (Yi Xian).
18. Crotalaria peguana Bentham ex Baker in J. D. Hooker, Fl. Brit. Ind. 2: 77. 1876.
薄叶猪屎豆 bo ye zhu shi dou
Herbs or shrublets, erect, 0.6--1.5 m tall. Branches terete, appressed pubescent. Stipules acicular, very minute. Leaves simple; petiole short, 1--2 mm; leaf blade narrowly elliptic, 6--11 X 2--3 cm, thinly or thickly papery, abaxially silky pubescent, adaxially glabrous or pilose, veins abaxially raised and distinct and inconspicuous, base attenuate to slightly cuneate, apex acuminate. Inflorescences terminal or axillary, racemes, to 20 cm, many-flowered; bracts linear, 2--4 mm. Pedicel 3--5 mm; bracteoles inserted at base of calyx tube or on middle of pedicel, similar to bracts. Calyx 2-lipped, 0.8--1.2 cm, parted nearly to base; lobes linear, linear-lanceolate, or broadly lanceolate, pubescent, apex acuminate. Corolla yellow, included in or as long as calyx; standard oblong to ovate-oblong, 0.8--1.2 cm, base with 2 appendages, apically barbate; wings oblong, 8--10 mm, apex obtuse; keel ca. 9 mm, rounded, apex with a long beak. Ovary subsessile. Legume oblong, 1--2(--2.5) X 0.5--1 cm, 8--15-seeded, glabrous. Fl. Jun--Oct, fr. Sep--Dec.
Thickets, sparse woods; 800--1500 m. Guangxi, Yunnan [India, Myanmar, Vietnam]
1a. Calyx lobes linear to linear-lanceolate ............................................................................................. 18a.var. peguana
1b. Calyx lobes broadly lanceolate ................................................................................................... 18b.var. quibeiensis
18a. Crotalaria peguana var. peguana
薄叶猪屎豆 (原变种) bo ye zhu shi dou (yuan bian zhong)
Leaflet blade thinly papery. Calyx lobes linear to linear-lanceolate.
Thickets, sparse woods; 900--1500 m. Guangxi, Yunnan [India, Myanmar, Vietnam].
18b. Crotalaria peguana var. qiubeiensis (C. Y. Yang) C. Chen & J. Q. Li, J.. Wuhan Bot. Res. 6: 221. 1988.
邱北猪屎豆 qiu bei zhu shi dou
Crotalaria qiubeiensis C.Y. Yang, Bull. Bot. Lab. N.-E. Forest. Inst., Harbin 7: 115. 1980.
Leaflet blades thickly papery. Calyx lobes broadly lanceolate.
* Thickets, sparse forests; 800--1500 m. Yunnan (Qiubei Xian).
19. Crotalaria ferruginea Graham ex Bentham, London J. Bot. 2: 476. 1843.
假地蓝 jia di lan
Crotalaria bodinieri H. Léiveillé; C. ferruginea var. pilosissima Bentham ex Baker; C. lonchophylla Handel-Mazzetti; C. pilosissima Miquel; C. rufescens Franchet.
Herbs, erect or prostrate, 6--12 mm? tall, branched. Branches brownish yellow patently pilose. Stipules lanceolate to triangular-lanceolate, 5--8 mm. Leaves simple; leaf blade elliptic, 2--6 X 1--3 cm, both surfaces pilose but abaxially densely so, apex obtuse to acuminate, base slightly cuneate. Inflorescences terminal or axillary, racemes, 2--6-flowered; bracts lanceolate, 2--4 mm. Pedicel 3--5 mm; bracteoles inserted at base of calyx tube. Calyx 2-lipped, 1--1.2 cm, parted to base, densely strigose; lobes lanceolate. Corolla yellow; standard narrowly elliptic, 8--10 mm; wings oblong, ca. 8 mm; keel as long as wings, narrowed apically from middle and extended into a long beak included in or exserted beyond calyx. Ovary subsessile. Legume oblong, 2--3 cm, 20--30-seeded, glabrous. Fl. Jun--Oct, fr. Sep--Dec.
Sparse forests, montane grasslands; 400--1100 m. Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Xizang, Yunnan, Zhejiang [India, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam].
20. Crotalaria hainanensis C. C. Huang, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 6: 393. 1957.
海南猪屎豆 hai nan zhu shi dou
Herbs, prostrate, branched, sparsely hirsutulous. Stipules subulate to ovate-lanceolate, ca. 2 mm. Leaves simple; petiole short; leaf blade obovate to obovate-elliptic, 1--3 X 1--2 cm, both surfaces glabrescent, veins abaxially raised, base broadly cuneate, apex obtuse and mucronate. Inflorescences terminal or axillary, racemes, 1--3-flowered; bracts ovate-triangular, ca. 3 mm. Pedicel 2--6 mm; bracteoles inserted on pedicel middle or basally form middle, linear, ca. 1 mm. Calyx 2-lipped, 8--10 mm, parted; lobes lanceolate, pubescent. Corolla yellow or purplish red; standard rhombic to suborbicular, 0.8--1.2 cm, glabrous, base with 2 appendages; wings oblong, 8--10 mm; keels as long as standard, narrowed basally from middle, apically extended into a long beak. Ovary subsessile. Legume oblong, 2--3 cm, 10--15-seeded, densely rusty pilose. Seeds brown, reniform, glabrous. Fl. Aug--Oct, fr. Sep--Dec.
* Dry grasslands, open sands. Hainan (Changjiang Xian).
21. Crotalaria occulta Graham ex Bentham, London J. Bot. 2: 565. 1843.
紫花猪屎豆 zi hua zhu shi dou
Herbs, 1--1.5 m tall. Branches terete, densely rusty pilose. Stipules linear to filiform, 5--8 mm, persistent. Leaves simple; petiole very short; leaf blade linear-oblong to elliptic-oblanceolate, 5--8 X ca. 2 cm, abaxially sparsely pilose, adaxially glabrous, base attenuate, apex acuminate. Inflorescences terminal or axillary, racemes, to 15 cm, 1--20-flowered; bracts linear, ca. 1 cm. Pedicel ??; bracteoles inserted at base of calyx tube, similar as bracts. Calyx 2-lipped, densely rusty pilose; abaxial 3 lobes narrow and 15--18 X 2--3 mm, adaxially 2 lobes broad and 1.5--1.8 X 0.5--0.6 cm. Corolla purplish blue, included in calyx; standard obovate, 1--1.2 cm, base with 2 appendages; wings oblong, as long as standard; keel rounded with a long apical beak. Legume cylindric, ca. 1.5 cm, included or as long as calyx, 10--15-seeded, glabrous. Aug--Oct, fr. Nov--Feb.
Sparse forests, along trails; 800--1000 m. Yunnan [India].
22. Crotalaria calycina Schrank, Pl. Rar. Hort. Monac. t. 12. 1817.
长萼猪屎豆 chang e zhu shi dou
Crotalaria roxburghiana de Condolle.
Herbs, perennial, erect, 30--80 cm tall. Branches terete, densely brownish coarsely pilose. Stipules filiform, ca. 1 mm, persistent or caducous. Leaves simple, subsessile; leaf blade oblong-linear to linear-lanceolate, 3--12 X 0.5--1.5 cm, abaxially densely brownish pilose, adaxially pilose on midvein, base narrow, apex acute. Inflorescences terminal or rarely axillary, racemes, usually condensed or headlike, 3--12-flowered; bracts lanceolate, 1--2 cm, slightly ovate-falcate. Pedicel thick, 2--4 mm; bracteoles inserted at base of calyx tube or on middle or apical part of pedicel, similar as bracts but shorter. Calyx 2-lipped, 2--3 cm, parted to base; lobes lanceolate, abaxially brownish pilose. Corolla yellow, included in calyx; standard obovate to suborbicular, 1.5--2.5 cm, base with 2 appendages, apically pubescent; wings narrowly elliptic, as long as standard; keels with a long straight beak. Legume black when mature, globose, 20--30-seeded, glabrous. Fl. Jun--Sep, fr. Oct--Dec.
Sparse forests, along trails; below 100 to 2200 m. Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, Sichuan, Taiwan, Xizang, Yunnan [tropical and subtropical Asia; Africa, Pacific Islands].
23. Crotalaria sessiliflora Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. (ed. 2) 2: 1004. 1763.
野百合 ye bai he
Crotalaria brevipes Champion ex Bentham.
Herbs, erect, 30--100 cm tall. Stems branched or not, densely appressed coarse pilose. Stipules linear, 2--3 mm, persistent or caducous. Leaves simple, nearly sessile; leaf blade variable in shape, usually linear to linear-lanceolate, 3--8 X 0.5--1 cm, abaxially densely silky pubescent, adaxially glabrous, base attenuate, apex acuminate. Inflorescences terminal or axillary racemes or densely congested and headlike on branch apices, few to many-flowered or flowers solitary in axils; bracts linear-lanceolate, 4--6 mm. Pedicel ca. 2 mm; bracteoles inserted at base of calyx tube, similar as bracts. Calyx 2-lipped, 1--1.5 cm, densely brownish pilose; lobes broadly lanceolate, apex acuminate. Corolla blue to purplish blue, included in calyx; standard oblong, 7--10 X 4--7 mm, base with 2 appendages, apex obtuse to retuse; wings oblong to linear-oblong, as long as standard; keel narrowed apically from middle and extended into long beak. Ovary subsessile. Legume cylindric, ca. 1 cm, 10--15-seeded, included in calyx, glabrous. Fl. May--Nov, fr. Oct--Feb.
Valley grasslands, along trails; below 100 to 1500 m. Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Hebei, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Liaoning, Shandong, Sichuan, Taiwan, Xizang, Yunnan, Zhejiang [Indochina, Japan, Korea, South Asia; Pacific islands].
24. Crotalaria mairei H. Léveillé, Bull. Acad. Int. Geogr. Bot. 25: 49. 1915.
头花猪屎豆 tou hua zhu shi dou
Herbs, erect, 30--60 cm tall. Branches terete, densely silky pilose. Stipules acicular, 1--2 mm, persistent or caducous. Leaves simple; petiole 1--4 mm; leaf blade lanceolate, oblong-lanceolate, or rarely oblanceolate, 1.5--3 X 0.5--1.5 cm, abaxially densely brown pilose, adaxially glabrous, base cuneate, apex acuminate. Inflorescences congested at branch apices, racemes, less than 5 cm, 10--20-flowered; bracts linear to linear-lanceolate, 4--8 mm. Pedicel ca. 2 mm or ca. 5 mm when flowers arranged laxly on branch top and not headlike; bracteoles inserted at base of calyx tube, similar as bracts. Calyx 2-lipped, 1--1.3 cm, parted, densely brown pilose or pubescent; lobes longer than tube. Corolla dark purplish blue, as long as calyx; standard ovate to suborbicular, 0.8--1.3 cm, base with 2 appendages, apex obtuse to retuse; wings oblong, 0.8--1.3 cm; keel ovate, narrowed apically from middle and extended into a beak. Ovary subsessile. Legume cylindric, ca. 1 cm, included in or slightly exserted beyond calyx, 10--15-seeded, glabrous. Fl. Sep--Nov, fr. Dec--Feb.
Montane grasslands; 300--2500 m. Guangxi, Guizhou, Sichuan, Yunnan [India, Myanmar, Nepal, Sri Lanka].
1a. Calyx densely brown pilose; legume included in calyx .................................................................... 24a.var. mairei
1b. Calyx pubescent; legume slightly exserted beyond calyx ........................................................ 24b.var. pubescens
24a. Crotalaria mairei var. mairei
头花猪屎豆 (原变种) tou hua zhu shi dou (yuan bian zhong)
Calyx densely brown pilose. Legume included in calyx.
Montane grasslands; 300--2500 m. Guangxi, Guizhou, Sichuan, Yunnan [India, Myanmar, Nepal, Sri Lanka].
24b. Crotalaria mairei var. pubescens C. Chen & J. Q. Li, J. Wuhan Bot. Res. 6: 220. 1988.
短毛头花猪屎豆 duan mao tou hua zhu shi dou
Calyx pubescent. Legume slightly exserted beyond calyx.
* Montane grasslands; 1000--2400 m. Yunnan.
25. Crotalaria acicularis Buchanan-Hamilton ex Bentham, Hooker’s J. Bot. Kew Gard. Misc. 2: 476. 1843.
针状猪屎豆 zhen zhuang zhu shi dou
Herbs, 20--80 cm tall, branched. Branches prostrate or erect, densely patently brown silky pilose. Stipules linear, 2--4 mm. Leaves simple; petiole short; leaf blade suborbicular to oblong, 1--2(--3) X 1--1.5 cm, membranous to papery, both surfaces sparsely patently white silky pilose, base narrow to slightly cordate, apex obtuse to acuminate. Inflorescences terminal or axillary, racemes, 5--30-flowered; bracts lanceolate to acicular, 2--3 mm. Pedicel 3--5 mm; bracteoles inserted at base of calyx tube or on apical part of pedicel, acicular. Calyx 2-lipped, 4--6 mm, parted to base; lobes lanceolate, densely brown silky pilose. Corolla yellow; standard suborbicular to obovate, 4--5 mm; wings narrowly elliptic, slightly shorter than standard; keel suborbicular, apex with a long beak. Ovary subsessile. Legume cylindric, ca. 1 cm, 10--12-seeded, glabrous. Fl. Aug--Nov, fr. Dec--Feb.
Along trails, thickets on slopes; 100--1100 m Hainan, Yunnan [SE Asia, Indochina; Pacific Islands].
26. Crotalaria chinensis Linnaeus, Syst. Nat. (ed. 10) 2: 1158. 1759.
中国猪屎豆 zhong guo zhu shi dou
Herbs, 15--60 m tall, covered in brownish yellow pilose except legumes. Stems terete, branched at base. Stipules absent. Leaves simple, subsessile; leaf blade variable in shape, usually lanceolate, linear-lanceolate, linear, or oblong-linear, 2--3.5 X 0.4--1 cm, abaxially densely brown coarse pilose but more densely so on veins and along margin, adaxially glabrous or sparsely pilose, base attenuate, apex acuminate. Inflorescences congested on branch apices and 1--5-flowered racemes or axillary and 1- or 2-flowered; bracts lanceolate, 3--5 mm. Pedicel 2--4 mm; bracteoles inserted at base of calyx tube, similar to bracts. Calyx 2-lipped, 8--10 mm, parted to base; abaxial 3 lobes linear to linear-lanceolate, adaxial 2 lobes broadly lanceolate. Corolla pale yellow, included in or as long as calyx; standard ovate to orbicular, 7--9 mm, base with 2 appendages; wings 7--9 mm, oblong; keel narrowed apically from middle and extended into a beak. Ovary subsessile. Legume cylindric, 0.8--1.2 cm, included in or exserted from calyx, 15--20-seeded. Seeds cordate, ca. 2.5 mm, smooth. Fl. Jun--Oct, fr. Sep--Dec.
Montane grasslands; below 100 to 1000 m. Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, Hunan, Jiangxi, Taiwan, Yunnan [Indochina, S Asia].
27. Crotalaria albida Heyne ex Roth, Nov. Pl. Sp. 333. 1821.
响铃豆 xiang ling dou
Herbs, perennial, erect, 10--80 cm tall. Stems branched, appressed pubescent to patently pilose. Stipules acicular, minute, caducous. Leaves simple, subsessile; leaf blade oblanceolate, elliptic, or obovate, 1--2.5 X 0.4--1.2 cm, abaxially slightly pilose, adaxially glabrous, base cuneate, apex obtuse and mucronate. Inflorescences terminal or axillary, racemes, to 20 cm, 20--30-flowered; bracts filiform, ca. 1 mm. Pedicel 3--5 mm; bracteoles inserted at base of calyx tube, similar to bracts. Calyx 2-lipped, 4--8 mm, parted; abaxial 3 lobes lanceolate, adaxial 2 lobes broader with apex slightly obtuse to acuminate. Corolla pale yellow; standard elliptic, 5--8 mm, base with appendages, apex barbate; wings oblong, as long as standard; keel rounded to 90o, narrowed apically from middle and extended into a beak. Ovary subsessile. Legume cylindric, ca. 1 cm, slightly exserted beyond calyx, 6--12-seeded, glabrous. Fl. May--Sep, fr. Sep--Dec.
Montane sparse forests, grassy slopes, along trails; 200--2800 m. Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Hunan, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Yunnan [Indochina, S Asia; Pacific Islands].
1a. Leaf blade usually oblanceolate; calyx adaxial lobes slightly obtuse at apex .............................. 27a.var. albida
1b. Leaf lade elliptic; calyx adaxial lobes acuminate at apex ...................................................... 27b.var. gengmaensis
27a. Crotalaria albida var. albida
响铃豆 (原变种) xiang ling dou (yuan bian zhong)
Crotalaria formosana Matsumura ex Ito et Matsumura.
Leaf blade usually oblanceolate. Calyx adaxial lobes slightly obtuse at apex. Legume 6--12-seeded.
Montane sparse forests, along trails; 200--2800 m. Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Yunnan [ Indochina, S Asia; Pacific Islands].
27b. Crotalaria albida var. gengmaensis (Z. Wei & C. Y. Yang) C. Chen & J. Q. Li, J. Wuhan Bot. Res. 6: 225. 1988.
耿马猪屎豆 geng ma zhu shi dou
Crotalaria gengmaensis Z. Wei & C. Y. Yang, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 20: 479. 1982.
Leaf blade elliptic. Calyx adaxial lobes acuminate at apex. Legume 6--8-seeded.
* Grassy slopes; 1600--1700 m. Yunnan (Gengma Xian).
28. Crotalaria uliginosa C. C. Huang, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 6: 396. 1957.
湿生猪屎豆 shi sheng zhu shi dou
Herbs, to 20 cm tall. Stems branched at base, glabrescent. Stipules acicular, ca. 1 mm. Leaves simple; petiole very short to ca. 0.5 mm; leaf blade on basal part of branches oblong-oblanceolate to oblong-elliptic and on parts part of branches linear-elliptic, 7--15 X 3--5 mm, abaxially sparsely appressed pubescent, adaxially glabrous, midvein abaxially raised, base broadly cuneate to round, apex obtuse to rarely truncate and mucronate. Inflorescence axillary, (1- or )2- or 3-flowered. Pedicel 2--3 mm; bracteoles inserted at base of calyx tube, linear, ca. 0.5 mm. Calyx 2-lipped, 4--5 mm; lobes lanceolate, apex acuminate. Corolla yellow; standard broadly obovate, 4--5 X 3--4 mm, bases with 2 appendages, apex obtuse; wings oblong, ca. 4 mm; keel slightly longer than wings, rounded to 90o, narrowed apically from middle and extended into a long beak. Ovary subsessile. Styles ca. 2.5 mm. Legume cylindric, 10--15 X ca. 5 mm, 7--15-seeded, glabrous, base with persistent calyx and filaments. Seeds brown, reniform, ca. 1 mm, shiny. Fl. ??, fr. ??
* By streams. Yunnan (Yanshan Xian).
29. Crotalaria yunnanensis Franchet, Pl. Delavay. 151. 1889.
云南猪屎豆 yun nan zhu shi dou
Herbs, erect, 15--70 cm tall. Stems branched, patently coarse pilose. Stipules absent. Leaves
simple; petiole ca. 1.5 mm; leaf blade oblong to elliptic, 2--6 X 0.5--2.5 cm, apex obtuse to acuminate and mucronate, base slightly cuneate, both surfaces sparsely brown pilose but abaxially more densely so on midvein, veins abaxially raised. Inflorescences terminal or axillary, racemes, 5--20 cm, 5--30-flowered; bracts linear, 2--9 mm. Pedicel ??; bracteoles inserted at base of calyx tube, pilose. Calyx 2-lipped, 5--10 mm; lobes lanceolate, densely brown pilose. Corolla yellow; standard suborbicular, 0.9--1.1 in diam., base with 2 appendages; wings obovate-oblong, 7--10 mm; keels as long as wings, rounded, narrowed apically from middle and extended into a long beak. Legume cylindric, ca. 1 cm, glabrous. Fl. May--Aug, fr. Aug--Oct.
* Open grasslands, thickets, Pinus-Quercus forests; 100--3000 m. Sichuan, Yunnan.
1a. Bracts 2--4 mm, as long as pedicel ............................................................................................ 29a.var. yunnanensis
1b. Bracts 6--9 mm, longer than pedicel .......................................................................................... 29b.var. heqingensis
29a. Crotalaria yunnanensis var. yunnanensis
云南猪屎豆 (原变种) yun nan zhu shi dou (yuan bian zhong)
Bracts 2--4 mm, as long as pedicel.
* Open grasslands, thickets; 100--3000 m. Sichuan, Yunnan.
29b. Crotalaria yunnanensis var. heqingensis (C. Y. Yang) C. Chen & J. Q. Li, J. Wuhan Bot. Res. 6: 226. 1988.
鹤庆猪屎豆 he qing zhu shi dou
Crotalaria heqingensis C. Y. Yang, Bull. Bot. Lab. N.-E. Forest. Inst., Harbin 7: 112. 1980.
Bracts 6--9 mm, longer than pedicel.
* Pinus-Quercus forests; 1700--1900 m. Yunnan (Heqing Xian).
30. Crotalaria prostrata Rottler ex Willdenow, Enum. Pl. 2: 744. 1809.
俯伏猪屎豆 fu fu zhu shi dou
Crotalaria jinpingensis C. Y. Yang; C. prostrata var. jinpingensis (C. Y. Yang) C. Y. Yang.
Herbs, prostrate. Branches slender, densely patent pubescent to white appressed pilose. Stipules absent. Leaves simple; petiole glabrous; leaf blade elliptic to ovate-oblong, 1--3 X 0.5--1 cm, both surfaces with trichomes, base oblique, apex obtuse. Inflorescences terminal, racemes, 2--8-flowered; bracts subulate. Pedicel 1--2 mm; bracteoles inserted at base of calyx tube, similar as bracts, densely brown pilose. Calyx 2-lipped, 3--4 mm, parted to base; lobes lanceolate. Corolla yellow; standard suborbicular to elliptic, ca. 3 cm, apex obtuse to retuse; wings oblong, as long as standard; keel narrowed apically from middle and extended into a long beak included in calyx. Ovary subsessile. Legume cylindric, ca. 1 cm, 10--15-seeded. Fl. May--Aug, fr. Aug--Dec.
Montane grassy wetlands, grassy slopes; 100--1300 m. Yunnan [India, Malaysia, Nepal, Sri Lanka].
31. Crotalaria similis Hemsley, Ann. Bot. (Oxford) 9: 152. 1895.
屏东猪屎豆 ping dong zhu shi dou
Herbs, prostrate, 5--20 cm tall, densely silky pilose. Stipules absent. Leaves simple; petiole short; leaf blade ovate to elliptic, 3--8 X 2--4 mm, abaxially densely pilose, adaxially glabrous, base obtuse, apex acute. Inflorescences terminal, racemes, (1 or)3--5-flowered; bracts lanceolate. Pedicel 3--5 mm; bracteoles inserted at base of calyx tube, similar to bracts. Calyx 2-lipped, ca. 6 mm; abaxial 3 lobes lanceolate and adaxial 2 lobes broadly lanceolate, densely silky pilose. Corolla yellow; standard oblong to suborbicular, ca. 6 mm, apex barbate; wings oblong, as long as standard; keel slightly longer than standard, suberect. Ovary subsessile. Legume cylindric, ca. 1 cm, 10--20-seeded. Fl. ??, fr. ??.
Sandy soil. Taiwan [New Zealand].
32. Crotalaria dubia Graham ex Bentham, London J. Bot. 2: 565. 1843.
卵苞猪屎豆 luan bao zhu shi dou
Herbs, 1--1.5 m tall. Stems terete, densely pubescent. Stipules filiform, caducous. Leaves simple; petiole short; leaf blade obovate to ovate-oblong, 3--5 X 1.5--3 cm, thickly papery, both surfaces densely rusty pilose, veins abaxially raised, base cuneate, apex obtuse to acuminate and mucronate. Inflorescences terminal, congested headlike racemes, many-flowered; bracts ovate-triangular, 6--7 mm. Pedicel ca. 1 mm; bracteoles inserted at base of calyx tube, similar to bracts. Calyx 2-lipped, 8--10 mm; lobes lanceolate, as long as tube. Corolla yellow; standard oblong, ca. 5 mm, base with 2 appendages, apex obtuse to retuse; wings narrowly elliptic, as long as standard; keel slightly rounded and narrowed apically from middle and extended into a long beak. Legume ovoid, 5--7 mm in diam., included in calyx, 6--8-seeded, glabrous. Fl. Oct--Nov, fr. Dec--Feb.
By streams, wetlands; ca. 1000 m. Yunnan [India].
33. Crotalaria linifolia Linnaeus f., Suppl. Pl. 322. 1781 [1782].
线叶猪屎豆 xian ye zhu shi dou
Herbs, perennial, 50--100 cm tall. Stems terete, densely silky pubescent. Stipules minute, caducous. Leaves simple; petiole short; leaf blade linear to oblong, 2--5 X 0.5--1.5 cm, both surfaces silky pilose, base narrow to round, apex acuminate to obtuse and mucronate. Inflorescences terminal or axillary, racemes, 10--20 cm, many-flowered; bracts lanceolate, 2--3 mm. Pedicel ??; bracteoles inserted at base of calyx tube, similar as bracts. Calyx 2-lipped, 6--7 mm, parted; abaxial 3 lobes lanceolate and adaxial 2 lobes broadly lanceolate to broadly cuneate, densely rusty pilose. Corolla yellow; standard oblong to suborbicular, 5--7 mm, marginally pilose at base and with 2 appendages, apex retuse; wings oblong, 6--7 mm; keel ca. 8 mm, narrowed apically from middle and extended into a long beak. Legume rhombic, 5--6 mm, 8--10-seeded, glabrous. Fl. Aug--Oct, fr. Nov--Dec.
Slopes, seashore sandy areas, along trails; 500--2500 m. Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Hunan, Sichuan, Taiwan, Xizang, Yunnan [India, Malaysia; Pacific Islands].
1a. Leaf blade oblanceolate to oblong, 2--5 X 0.5--1.5 cm, base narrow, apex acuminate; legume rhombic 33a.var. linifolia
1b. Leaf blade linear to linear-oblong, 2.5--3.5 X 0.3--0.4 cm, base round, apex obtuse; legume rhombic to ovoid 30b.var. stenophylla
33a. Crotalaria linifolia var. linifolia
线叶猪屎豆 (原变种) xian ye zhu shi dou (yuan bian zhong)
Crotalaria linifolia var. pygmaea Yamamoto.
Leaf blade oblanceolate to oblong, 2--5 X 0.5--1.5 cm, base narrow, apex acuminate. Legume rhombic.
Slopes, along trails; 500--2500 m. Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Sichuan, Taiwan, Xizang, Yunnan [India, Malaysia; Pacific Islands].
33b. Crotalaria linifolia var. stenophylla (Vogel) C. Y. Yang, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 20: 479. 1982.
狭叶猪屎豆 xia ye zhu shi dou
Crotalaria stenophylla Vogel, Nova Acta Phys.-Med. Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. Nat. Cur. 65(Suppl. 1): 1843. (Note that this is a later homonym)
Leaf blade linear to linear-oblong, 2.5--3.5 X 0.3--0.4 cm, base round, apex obtuse. Legume rhombic to ovoid.
* Seashore sandy areas, along trails. Guangdong, Guangxi, Hunan, Taiwan.
34. Crotalaria nana N. L. Burman var. patula Graham ex Baker in J. D. Hooker, Fl. Brit. Ind. 2: 71. 1876.
座地猪屎豆 zuo di zhu shi dou
Herbs, prostrate or erect. Stems terete, branched at base, densely yellow silky pubescent. Stipules absent. Leaves simple, subsessile; leaf blade linear, 1.5--3 X 0.2--0.4 cm, both surfaces silky pilose but abaxially more densely so, base slightly cuneate, apex obtuse and mucronate. Inflorescences terminal, headlike racemes, 2--6-flowered; bracts linear, 2--3 mm. Pedicel short; bracteoles subulate, ca. 3 mm, silky pilose. Calyx 2-lipped; abaxial 3 lobes lanceolate-triangular and 4--5 mm, adaxial 2 lobes connate, oblong, and apex obtuse. Corolla yellow, slightly shorter and included in calyx; standard ??; wings ??; keel ??. Ovary subsessile. Legume ovoid to globose, 4--5 mm, 6--12-seeded, with a style. Fl. ??, fr. ??.
Dry wilderness, sandy soil; below 100 to 2000 m. Hainan [India, Myanmar, Nepal].