鱼鳔槐亚族 yu biao huai ya zu
SUN Hang, Kai Larsen
Shrubs or herbs. Leaves imparipinnate, rarely 1 leaflet, rarely reduced and squamiform; stipule connate. Racemes sometimes nodding. Calyx teeth subequal or upper 2 small; sepals of keel connate; diadelphous. Style barbate along inner or nearly upper part, rarely glabrous; many to few ovuled. Pods inflated or turgid, or terete, not trabeculate between seeds, often indehiscent, rarely dehiscent.
Nine genera: three genera in China.
1a. Style tip and stigma lower part inrolled or hook-curved; corolla yellow or brownish red, sepal stalk upper of standard with bifold or callus .................................................................................... Colutea
1b. Style neither inrolled nor hook-curved; corolla red or purple, standard without appendage.
2a. Leaves pinnate; calyx smaller, teeth subequal or upper 2 connivent; pods inflated Sphaerophysa
2b. Leaves with 1(3) leaflets or simple and scale-like; calyx at least as 1/2 as long as keel, upper 2 wider than lower 3; pods compressed .......................................................................... Eremosparton
鱼鳔槐属 yu biao huai shu
Shrubs or small shrubs. Leaves imparipinnate, rarely pinnate with 3 leaflets; stipules small; leaflets entire, opposite, estipellate. Racemes axillary, long pedunculate; bract and bractlets very small or absent. Calyx campanulate; teeth 5, subequal or upper 2 smaller, outside pubescent. Corolla yellow or brownish red; standard suborbicular, stalk upper with bifold or callus; wings narrowly falcate-oblong, with short stalk; keel broad, most inrolled, blunt at apex, with long connate stalk. Stamens diadelphous, upper 1 free, other 9 connate to tube; anthers homomorphic. Ovary stipitate; ovules numerous; style incurved, barbate along upper ventral suture; stigma inrolled or hooked-curved. Pods inflated as utriform, acuate or tapering at apex, indehiscent or tip 2-valvate, with long stalk at base, segments membranous. Seeds numerous, reniform, without strophiole, funicle filiform.
About twenty-eight species: S Europe, NE Africa, and W to C Asia; two species in China plus two cultivated species.
DING Chensen. 1993. Colutea. pp. 26 in Fu Kuntsun (ed.). Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 42(1).
1a. Leaflets 1925, racemes 814(31)-flowered .................................................. 4. C. delavayi
1b. Leaflets 713; racemes 38-flowered.
2a. Annual branches (excluding young tips) glabrous to subglabrate; bark of branchlets thinly papery, longitudinally split; flowers to 2.4 cm; ovary densely white pubescent ......... 1. C. nepalensis
2b. Annual branches villosulous, bark of branchlets not split; flowers shorter than 1.8 cm; ovary sparsely pubescent.
3a. Flowers yellowish, wings lower wide, upper gradually narrow, without teeth; keel auriculate triangular-suborbicular, intersecting stalk at acute angle ..................................... 2. C. arborescens
3b. Flowers reddish brown to orange, wings subequal width upper and lower, with 1 or 2 teeth opposite to auriculate; keel auriculate oblong, parallel to stalk ..................................... 3. C. Χ media
尼泊尔鱼鳔槐 ni po er yu biao huai
Colutea arborescens Linnaeus var. nepalensis (Sims) Baker.
Shrubs deciduous, 13 m tall. Old branches reddish brown to brunescent, glabrous, glossy; annual branches white to white-green. Leaves pinnate with leaflets 713, often clustered at new branch bases, 410 cm; rachis sparsely pubescent; stipules triangular; petiolule ca. 1 mm; leaflets often opposite, elliptic to obovate, 616 Χ 711 mm, both surfaces sparsely pubescent or adaxially glabrous, lateral veins inconspicuous, base rounded to nearly truncate, apex with inconspicuous mucro. Racemes subequal to leaves, 310-flowered; peduncle 810 cm, pubescent; bract ovate-lanceolate, both bractlets and bract pubescent. Flowers to 2.4 cm. Calyx outside with hairs, upper 2 broadly triangular, lower 3 linear, slightly curved. Corolla yellow; standard deflexed, 2022 Χ ca. 19 mm; callus oblong, rounded but margin free at apex; sepal stalk 56 mm; wings ca. 15 mm, stalk ca. 6 mm, upper stalk auriculate, ca. 3 Χ 1.5 mm, irregular at apex; keel connate, nearly suborbicular, 1011 Χ 78 mm, apex beaked, stalk 910 mm. Ovary complanate, oblong-lanceolate, densely pubescent, stalk ca. 3.5 mm; style ca. 10 mm, curved, hooked-curved at apex, ventral with longitudinal cirrus; stigma terminal, small. Pods oblong, 45.5 Χ 22.5 cm, with groove along ventral suture, pubescent, with curved fruit stalk at base, acute to rounded at apex, segments thinly leathery. Seed smooth. Fl. and fr. JunJul.
Mountain slopes and riverside gravel, among shrubs. Qinghai(Haixi), Xizang (Ali) [Afghanistan, India, Pakistan].
鱼鳔槐 yu biao huai
Shrubs deciduous, 14 mm tall. Young branches with fine white hairs. Leaves pinnate with leaflets 713, 615 cm, with groove on rachis; stipules triangular or lanceolate-triangular to lanceolate-falcate, 23 mm. Leaflets abaxially gray-green, adaxially green, oblong to obovate, 13 cm Χ 615 mm, thinly leathery, abaxially sparsely shortly hairy, adaxially glabrous, venation clear and free, apex retuse or obtuse, mucronate. Racemes to 56 cm, 68-flowered; bract ovate-lanceolate, ca. 2 mm, blackish-brown or mixed white scattered shortly sericeous, apex obtuse. Pedicel ca. 1 cm. Calyx ca. 5 mm; teeth triangular, 1/41/3 as long as calyx tube, outside sparsely blackish-brown and white sericeous, apex argute; calyx tube inside upper densely pallid to brown hairy. Corolla yellow; standard slightly wider than long, 1517 mm, base rounded, apex retuse, stalk 24 mm; callus crescent-shaped, slightly convex; wings 1114 mm, widest at sub-base, to 4 mm wide, upper often attenuate, auriculate curved at one lateral base, equal to sepal stalk, ca. 4 mm, apex obtuse; keel sepal suborbicular to triangular-suborbicular, ca. 5 mm wide at base, sepal stalk 89 mm, auriculate, nearly triangular-suborbicular, to 11 mm wide at apex, ± concave. Ovary densely pubescent; style curved, at slight right angle with ovary, inrolled at apex, adaxially longitudinally white barbate. Pods greenish or slightly red at base, narrowly ovate, 68 Χ 23 cm, glabrous to subglabrate, both ends acute; seeds complanate, blackish to green-brown. Fl. MayJul, fr. JulOct.
Cultivated ornamentally in Beijing, Jiangsu (Nanjing), Liaoning (Dalian), Shaanxi (Wugong), Shandong (Qingdao) [Europe].
杂种鱼鳔槐 za zhong yu biao huai
Shrubs deciduous, ca. 1.8 m tall. Old branches gray, glabrous; young ones gray-yellow, with white hairs. Leaves pinnate with 913 leaflets, 710 cm; stipules on lower branches often triangular, ca. 1 mm, on upper branches lanceolate, ca. 3 mm, sparsely pubescent to glabrous; petiolule 0.51 mm, densely pubescent; leaflets opposite or subopposite, adaxially bluish green, obovate, 1.31.9(2.5) Χ 0.91.2 cm, abaxially appressed white pubescent, adaxially glabrous, base rounded, apex truncate to retuse, shortly mucronate. Racemes 66.5 cm, 35-flowered; peduncle to 34 cm, pubescent; bract lanceolate, ca. 1.5 mm, hairy; pedicel 710 mm; bractlets fine, pubescent. Calyx ca. 5 Χ 5 mm, outside with hairs, longitudinal ribs 5; teeth triangular, subequal, ca. 1 mm, inside with only calyx teeth densely manicate, glabrous below. Corolla orange-yellow to reddish brown; standard reflexed, ca. 15 Χ 1920 mm, base rounded, sinus at apex, callus lunate, stalk ca. 2 mm; wings conspicuous, smaller than standard and keel, upper and lower subequal, ca. 1 cm, rounded at apex, auriculate at one lateral upper base, often conduplicate and curved at apex, intersecting with sepal stalk to form annular, lower part with 1 or 2 teeth, stalk ca. 4 mm; keel ca. 1.6 cm, connate, triangular-suborbicular, ca. 1.2 Χ 1.2 cm, auriculate oblong and ca. 4 mm at base, stalk ca. 9 mm. Ovary flattened, linear-lanceolate, ca. 6 mm, pubescent; style curved to nearly right angle, inrolled at apex, glabrous except barbate adaxially; ovary stalk ca. 4 mm. Pods ca. 7.5 cm. Fl. and fr. MayOct.
Cultivated ornamentally in Shandong.
膀胱豆 pang guang dou
Shrubs deciduous, 14 m tall, to 4 cm in diam. Stems with gray-green bark, and many fibers, throughout with appressed densely to sparsely pallid and brownish hairs. Leaves pinnate with 1925 leaflets, ca. 15 cm; stipules linear-lanceolate, 34 mm, both surfaces densely pubescent, tapering at apex; leaflets adaxially bottle-green, elliptic or ovate-elliptic or narrowly obovate, 1020 Χ 610 mm, abaxially sparsely hairy, adaxially with appressed scattered hairs or subglabrous, base rounded to broadly cuneate, apex rounded or retuse, mucronate. Racemes longer or equal to leaves, 1517 cm, 814(31)-flowered; pedicel 35 mm. Calyx tube ca. 3 mm; teeth triangular, 11.5 mm, outer and inner margin densely pubescent. Corolla yellowish; standard reflexed, 11.3 cm wide, base cordate, apex retuse, stalk 23 mm; callus suborbicular, ca. 1 mm wide; wings ca. 8 mm, auriculate and stipitate at base; keel suborbicular, 6.58 mm, auricle broadly triangular, stalk ca. 7 mm. Ovary flattened, 45 mm, outside densely puberulent; style at right angle with ovary, inrolled at apex, adaxially longitudinally barbate; stigma fine; ovary stalk ca. 3 mm. Pods ovoid-fusiform, 3.54 Χ 1.82 cm, argute at apex, attenuate at base, stalk 1218 mm; segments greenish white to yellow-green, outside sparsely appressed blackish brown hairy to glabrous. Seeds brown, not glossy, ca. 4.5 Χ 3.5 mm; funicle ca. 2 mm. Fl. AugOct, fr. OctDec.
Mountain slopes, riversides, among shrubs; 18003000 m. SW Sichuan (Jiulong, Muli), NW Yunnan.
苦马豆属 ku ma dou shu
Small shrubs or perennial herbs, glabrous or with appressed pallid hairs. Leaves imparipinnate; stipules small; leaflets 3 to numerous, entire, estipellate. Racemes axillary. Calyx teeth subequal or upper 2 connivent. Corolla red; standard orbicular, reflexed at margins; wings falcate-oblong; keel inrolled and blunt at apex. Stamens diadelphous, anthers homomorphic. Ovary long stipulate; ovules numerous; style incurved, adaxially longitudinally barbate; stigma terminal, capitate or oblique. Pods inflated, subglabrous, nearly indehiscent, with long stalk at base, ventral suture slightly sunken, segments membranous or leathery. Seeds numerous, reniform, funicle filiform. X = 8.
Two species: mainly in W, C, and E Asia and Siberia; one species in China.
DING Chensen. 1993. Sphaerophysa. pp. 69 in Fu Kuntsun (ed.). Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 42(1).
苦马豆 ku ma dou
Phaca salsula Pallas, Itin. 3: 216, 245, Append. 747. 1776; Swainsona salsula (Pallas) Taub.
Subshrubs or perennial herbs. Stems erect or lower part stoloniferous, 0.30.6 m tall, rarely to 1.3 m. Branch unfolded, with longitudinal rib, adpressed sparsely to densely pallid hairs; stipules linear-lanceolate or triangular to subulate. Rachis 58.5 cm, adaxially grooved; petiolule short, puberulent; leaflets 1121, obovate to obovate-oblong, 515(25) Χ 36(10) mm, abaxially with appressed white fine hairs, adaxially with scattered hairs or glabrous, lateral veins inconspicuous, base rounded to broadly cuneate, apex retuse to rounded, mucronate. Racemes often longer than leaves, 6.513(17) cm, 616-flowered; bract ovate-lanceolate; pedicel 45 mm, densely white pilose, bractlets linear to subulate. Calyx campanulate; teeth triangular, upper 2 shorter and wider, others longer and narrower, outside white pilose. Corolla red, purple later; standard suborbicular, reflexed outward, 1213 Χ 1216 mm, base shortly stipitate, apex retuse; wings shorter than keel, ca. 12 mm (including stalk), apex rounded, base with slightly curved stalk ca. 3 mm, and auriculate lobes ca. 2 mm, lobes apically rounded; keel ca. 13 Χ 45 mm, blunt at apex, stalk ca. 4.5 mm. Ovary nearly linear, densely white pilose; style curved, only inner sparsely longitudinally barbate; stigma spheroidal. Pods elliptic to oval, turgid, 1.73.5 Χ 1.71.8 cm, apex rounded, stalk ca. 10 mm, segments membranous, outside sparsely white pilose, densely so on suture. Seeds brown, reniform to nearly semicircular, ca. 2.5 mm, funicle 13 mm, hilum rounded and sunken. Fl. MayAug, fr. JunSep.
Mountain slopes, plains, wasteland, sands, oasis, ditchsides and around salt ponds; 10003200 m. Gansu, Hebei, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Ningxia, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Xinjiang [, Mongolia, Russia].
无叶豆属 wu ye dou shu
Shrubs short. Leaves squamiform. Flowers numerous; racemes slender, sparsely flowered. Calyx campanulate; teeth 5, ca. 1/2 as long as keel, upper 2 wider than lower 3. Standard orbicular or orbicular-reniform, sinus at apex, stalk short; keel shorter than wings. Diadelphous, anthers homomorphic. Ovary sessile; style inrolled, upper dorsal longitudinally barbate; stigma terminal. Pods orbicular or oval, flattened and slightly turgid, 2-valvate, indehiscent, seeds 1 or 2(or 3), segments membranous. Seed reniform, without strophiole.
About three species: Central Asia; one species in China.
LIOU Yingxen. 1993. Eremosparton. pp. 910 in Fu Kuntsun (ed.). Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 42(1).
准葛尔无叶豆 zhun ge er wu ye dou
Eremosparton aphyllum (Pallas) Fischer & Meyer var. songoricum Litvinov, Τр. Вοт. Муэ. АН. [what is the BPH/-S or TL2 abbreviation in English??] 11: 74. 1913.
Shrubs, 5080 cm tall. Stems much branched at base; old branches fulvous, with peeling bark; young branches green, sparsely pubescent, slender, slightly angulate. Leaves squamiform, lanceolate, 12.5 mm. Flowers solitary, axillary, forming long racemes (1015 cm) on branches; pedicel 11.5 mm. Calyx tube ca. 2 mm; teeth triangular, appressed pubescent. Flowers purple. Standard broadly reniform, ca. 4 Χ 7 mm, concave at apex, stalk short; wings oblong, stalk ca. 1/2 as long as sepals; keel shorter than wings, argute at apex, stalk slightly shorter than sepal. Pods slightly turgid, ovate or oval, 613 Χ 58 mm, appressed pubescent, with acute beak, segments membranous; 1(3)-seeded, reniform. Fl. MayJun, fr. JunJul.
Migratory or subfixed dunes. Xinjiang (Zhun ge er basin) [Kazakhstan].
米口袋属 mi kou dai shu
Bao Bojian, Kai Larsen, Anthony R. Brach
Herbs perennial. Tap root thick. Stem very short or nearly stemless, with a rosette of leaves at the surface. Leaves imparipinnate, rarely 1-foliolate; stipules adnate to petiole or free; stipels absent; petiolule short or nearly sessile; leaflets ovate, lanceolate, elliptic, oblong, or linear, rarely orbicular. Flowers purple, pink, or yellow, 38(12) per umbel on axillary peduncles. Calyx campanulate, densely adnately villous, rarely glabrous, 5-toothed; upper 2 teeth broader. Flag ovate or orbicular, narrowing to claw at base, retuse at apex; wings free, obovate-oblong, slightly shorter then flag; keel ovate, very short. Stamens diadelphous. Ovary sessile, many ovuled; style short, rolled inward at apex; stigma broad. Pods cylindric or linear, not septate, with many seeds. Seeds triangular-reniform.
About 12 species: from Russia (Siberia) to the Sino-Himalayan region; three species in China (two endemic).
Cui Hongbin. 1998. Gueldenstaedtia. In Cui Hongbin, ed. Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 42(2): 146157.
Gueldenstaedtia cuneata Bentham = Chesneya cuneata (Bentham) Ali.
Gueldenstaedtia latifolia (Lamarck) Fischer ex D. Don = Astragalus latifolius Lamarck (1783).
1a. Leaflets orbicular to ovate or elliptic .......................................................... 3. G. taihangensis
1b. Leaflets linear to lanceolate, elliptic, or ovate.
2a. Stems short, less then 5 cm, not woody; flag apically obtuse .............................. 2. G. verna
2b. Stems long, ca. 5 cm, woody; flag apically acuminate ...................................... 1. G. henryi
川鄂米口袋 chuan e mi kou dai
Amblytropis henryi (Ulbrich) C. Y. Wu ex H. P. Tsui.
Stems to 5 cm, woody, branched, with basal rosette of leaves. Leaves imparipinnate, 29 cm, pilose or glabrescent; stipules narrowly triangular; petiolules very short or leaflets nearly sessile; leaflets oblong or obovate, 310 Χ 25 mm, abaxially pubescent, adaxially glabrous, apex rounded, obviously mucronate. Umbels 4- or 5-flowered; rachis ca. 10 cm, sparsely pilose or glabrous; bracts narrowly lanceolate, ca. 3.5 mm. Corolla purple; flag broadly ovate, ca. 14 Χ 8 mm, apex acuminate, retuse; wings elliptic, ca. 11.5 Χ 3.5 mm, claw short, ca. 1.8 mm; keel ca. 5.5 Χ 2.5 mm, claw ca. 2 mm. Ovary oblong, villous. Pods ca. 1.5 cm, pilose. Seeds reniform.
* Grasslands; ca. 100 m. Hubei, Sichuan.
少花米口袋 shao hua mi kou dai
Astragalus vernus Georgi, Bemerk. Reise Russ. Reich. 1: 226. 1775; Amblytropis delavayi (Franchet) C. Y. Wu ex H. P. Tsui; A. maritima (Maximowicz) Kitagawa; A. pauciflora (Pallas) Kitagawa; A. stenophylla Bunge; A. verna (Georgi) Kitagawa; Astragalus brevicarinatus de Candolle; A. pauciflorus Pallas; A. cavaleriei H. Lιveillι; Gueldenstaedtia brachyptera Pampanini; G. brachyptera var. elongata (Pavolini) Pampanini; G. delavayi Franchet; G. delavayi f. alba H. P. Tsui; G. gansuensis H. P. Tsui; G. giraldii Harms; G. giraldii var. alba Jacot; G. giraldii f. elongata Pavolini; G. giraldii subsp. glabra Jacot; G. gracilis H. P. Tsui; G. guillonii Franchet; G. harmsii Ulbrich; G. maritima Maximowicz; G. multiflora Bunge; G. multiflora f. alba F. Z. Li; G. multiflora var. maritima (Maximowicz) Jacot; G. pauciflora (Pallas) Fischer ex de Candolle; G. stenophylla Bunge; G. verna subsp. multiflora f. alba (H. P. Tsui) P. C. Li; G. verna subsp. multiflora (Bunge) H. P. Tsui.
Tap root straight. Stems short. Leaves imparipinnate, (1.5)220 cm; stipules persistent, triangular or ovate, joined at base; petiole white pilose; leaflets (5)719, elliptic, oblong, narrowly obovate, or ovate (in spring) to lanceolate or linear (in autumn), (2)525(35) Χ (1)1.57(9) mm, both surfaces pilose or villous, adaxially rarely glabrous, apex variably obtuse, rounded, truncate, retuse, or acute, and with mucro. Umbels 24(8)-flowered; rachis variable in length, ca. 1/2 to equal in length to leaves or longer; bracts narrowly triangular, lanceolate, or linear, sometimes subulate, 23 mm; pedicel 0.51(3) mm; bractlets linear, shorter than calyx. Calyx (4)57 mm, white pilose; teeth lanceolate, upper 2 longer. Corolla purplish red, purple, pink, rose, or white; flag ovate, elliptic, or obovate to orbicular, (0.6)1.3(1.4) cm, apex retuse or acuminate; wings obovate, (0.6)1.1 cm, auriculate or cuneate, claw (0.8)3 mm; keel obovate or ovate, (4)5.5(7) mm, claw (1.8)2.5 mm. Ovary elliptic or cylindric, densely pilose or villous; style glabrous, rolled inward. Pods cylindric or narrowly ovoid, (1)1.52 cm, 34 mm in diam., villous, pilose, or glabrescent, dehiscent. Seeds reniform, ca. 1.5 mm in diam. Fl. (Mar)May, fr. (May)JunJul(Nov).
Roadsides, grasslands, hillsides, valleys, meadows, terraced fields, margins of farms, river banks, sandy soil, sea bluffs; sea level to 2600 m. Gansu, Hebei, ?Heilongjiang, Henan, Hubei, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Jilin, Heilongjiang, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Ningxia, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan, Tianjin, Yunnan, Zhejiang [India, Laos, Mongolia, Myanmar, Pakistan, Russia].
A white-flowered form: Gueldenstaedtia verna f. alba (H. P. Tsui) P. C. Li (Vasc. Pl. Hengduan Mount., 1: 940. 1993) occurs in Beijing and Shandong.
太行米口袋 tai hang mi kou dai
Gueldenstaedtia guangxiensis W. L. Sha & X. X. Chen.
Tap root straight. Stems many from root crown, with basal rosettes of leaves and rachis. Leaves (3)3.57.5(13) cm; petiole slender, pilose; petiolules very short; leaflets 513, ovate to orbicular or elliptic, (5)69(10) Χ (3)57(8) mm, both surfaces pilose or abaxially villous and adaxially glabrous, base rounded, apex truncate or notched, or obtuse or acute and with mucro. Umbel 2- or 3(12)-flowered; rachis equal to leaves or longer, slender; bracts narrowly triangular or linear; pedicel very short; bractlets adnate to base of calyx. Calyx (5)7 mm, densely adnately villous, 5-toothed, upper 2 teeth larger. Corolla purple; flag oblong or obovate, ca. 11 Χ (6)7 mm; wings obovate, ca. (7)9 Χ 3 mm, claw (1.5)2 mm; keel ovate, (3)5 mm. Ovary oblong or cylindric, villous; style glabrous, rolled inward. Pods conical or cylindric, (1)1.5(1.7) cm, ca. 3 mm in diam., pilose, valves torsional after dehiscence. Seeds reniform. Fl. (JanFeb or)May, fr. (AprMay or)Aug.
* Meadows and bushes of slopes of hills; 11001600 m. Guangxi, Hebei, Shanxi.
高山豆属 gao shan dou shu
Bao Bojian, Kai Larsen, Anthony R. Brach
Guedenstaedtia subgen. Tibetia Ali, Candollea 18: 140. 1962.
Herbs perennial. Tap root conical, strong. Stems many from collar, slender, branched, sometimes with adventitious roots. Leaves imparipinnate; stipule brown, ovate or elliptic, membranous, amplexicaul and opposite with leaves; leaflets elliptic, orbicular, or cordate, apex rounded to retuse, rarely bifid. Umbel 14-flowered, on axillary penducles. Calyx brown, upper 2 teeth larger and joined. Corolla usually dark purple, rarely yellow; flag broadly obovate or obcordate, clawed; wings broadly obovate, equal in length to flag; keel oblong or obovate, small. Stamens diadelphous. Ovary cylindric, pilose or glabrous; style rolled inward. Pods cylindric, with many seeds. Seeds reniform, smooth.
About five species: Asia; all five species in China (four endemic).
Cui Hongbin. 1998. Tibetia. In Cui Hongbin, ed. Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 42(2): 157163.
1a. Plants with dense appressed glandular hairs.
2a. Leaflets villous; stipules apically acute ....................................................... 2. T. himalaica
2b. Leaflets pilose; stipules apically rounded or sometimes acuminate ............ 3. T. yadongensis
1b. Plants subglabrous or with sparse appressed glandular hairs.
3a. Corolla blue or purple; stipules apically acute .......................................... 4. T. yunnanensis
3b. Corolla yellow; stipules apically rounded or sometimes acuminate.
4a. Stipules with brown-purple marks; ovary glabrous ................................ 1. T. tongolensis
4b. Stipules without brown-purple marks; ovary with white appressed hairs ...... 5. T. forrestii
黄花高山豆 huang hua gao shan dou
Gueldenstaedtia tongolensis Ulbrich, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 5: 50(Beibl. 110): 11. 1913; Amblytropis flava (Adamson) C. Y. Wu ex H. P. Tsui; G. flava Adamson; G. flava var. tongolensis (Ulbrich) Ali.
Stems slender. Leaves ca. 10 cm; stipules free, with brown spots, broadly ovate, 56 mm, membranous; leaflets 59, obovate, broadly elliptic, or broadly ovate, ca. 12 Χ 9 mm, abaxially pilose, adaxially glabrous, apex truncate or retuse. Umbel 2- or 3-flowered; rachis usually ca. as long as leaves or slightly longer; pedicel ca. 5 mm, with rigid hairs; bract narrowly triangular; bractlet narrowly ovate, glandular on margin. Calyx campanulate or broadly campanulate, ca. 5 Χ 2.5 mm, densely brown rigidly hairy, upper 2 teeth joined at base. Corolla yellow; flag broadly ovate, ca. 9.5 mm, base narrowed to claw, apex retuse; wings broadly obliquely ovate, ca. 9 Χ 5 mm, claw linear; keels obovate, ca. 4 Χ 1.5 mm. Ovary cylindric, glabrous. Pods glabrous. Fl. AprJul, fr. AugSep.
* Hills; above 3000 m. Sichuan, Yunnan.
高山豆 gao shan dou
Gueldenstaedtia himalaica Baker in J. D. Hooker, Fl. Brit. India 2: 117. 1876; Amblytropis uniflora (Strachey ex Jacot) Kuang & H. P. Tsui; G. diversifolia Maximowicz; G. santapaui Thothathri; G. uniflora Strachey ex Jacot; Tibetia himalaica (Baker) H. P. Tsui f. alba X. Y. Zhu.
Tap root straight. Stems obvious. Leaves 27 cm; stipules ovate, large, to 7 mm, densely villous; petiole sparsely villous; leaflets 913, orbicular, elliptic, broadly obovate, or ovate, 19 Χ 18 mm, adnately villous, apex retuse. Umbel 13-flowered, rarely 4-flowered; rachis usually ca. as long as leaves or slightly longer, sparsely villous; bract narrowly triangular. Calyx campanulate, 3.55 mm, villous, upper 2 teeth 1.52 mm, joined from base to 1/2. Corolla bluish purple, purple, blue, mauve, violet, or red; flag ovate-orbicular, 6.58 Χ 4.57.5 mm, base with claw ca. 2 mm, apex retuse; wings broadly cuneate, 67 Χ 23 mm; keel subrectangular, 34 Χ 12 mm. Ovary villous. Pods pilose or glabrescent. Fl. MayJun, fr. JulAug.
Hilly areas, alpine meadows, rocky slopes, forests; 30005000 m. Gansu, Qinghai, Sichuan, Xizang, Yunnan [Bhutan, India, Nepal, Pakistan].
The type was originally collected in Sikkim.
亚东高山豆 ya dong gao shan dou
Tap root straight. Stems long, branched. Leaves 35.5 cm; stipules broadly ovate, membranous, abaxially hairy, adaxially glabrous, apex acuminate; petiole pilose; leaflets 715, elliptic to obcordate, 710 Χ 68 mm, both surfaces pilose, apex parted to bifid. Umbel 1- or 2-flowered; rachis pilose, usually ca. as long as leaves; bract linear, ca. 1 mm; bractlet lanceolate, slightly shorter than bract; pedicel ca. 2 mm. Calyx brown, narrowly campanulate, ca. 5 mm. Corolla purple; flag orbicular, ca. 10 Χ 8 mm, base narrowed to claw, apex retuse; wings obliquely obovate, ca. 9 Χ 4 mm, claw curved, auriculate; keel nearly triangular, ca. 4 Χ 1.5 mm. Ovary cylindric, densely villous. Pods ca. 2 cm, pilose. Fl. MayJun, fr. JulSep.
* Grasslands on hills, bushwood; 30004100 m. Xizang.
云南高山豆 yun nan gao shan dou
Stems very developed, slender. Stipules amplexicaul, joined at base and opposite with leaf, obovate or broadly elliptic, margin glandular toothed, apex acuminate; leaflets 37(9), obovate, broadly elliptic, or broadly ovate to obcordate, adnately pilose, apex truncate to retuse. Umbel 1- or 2(or 3)-flowered; rachis 510 cm, pilose; bract lanceolate or narrowly triangular, 2(2.5) mm; bractlet lanceolate or narrowly ovate, ca. 1.5 mm. Calyx campanulate, 45 mm; teeth lanceolate, upper 2 teeth joined to 2/3, villous. Corolla purple, purplish blue, or red; flag obcordate or ovate-orbicular, 10.511 Χ ca. 9 mm, base narrowed to claw, apex retuse; wings subcuneate or subelliptic, 910 Χ 3.54 mm; keel obovate, 44.5 Χ ca. 1.5 mm. Ovary villous with long appressed hairs or glabrous. Pods ca. 1.2 cm, pilose. Fl. JunJul, fr. Sep.
* Hilly areas, grassy or rocky places at streamsides, disturbed forests, thickets, N-facing ravines; above 2500 m. Sichuan, SE Xizang, Yunnan.
1a.. Ovary with long appressed hairs ............................................................... 4a. var. yunnanensis
1b.. Ovary glabrous ............................................................................................. 4b. var. coelestis
云南高山豆 yun nan gao shan dou (yuan bian zhong)
Gueldenstaedtia yunnanensis Franchet, Pl. Delavay. 164. 1889; Amblytropis yunnanensis (Franchet) C. Y. Wu ex H. P. Tsui.
Ovary with long appressed hairs.
* Hilly areas, grassy places at streamsides, disturbed forests, thickets, N-facing ravines; above 2500 m. Sichuan, Yunnan.
蓝花高山豆 lan hua gao shan dou
Astragalus coelestis Diels, Notes Roy Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 5: 244. 1912; Amblytropis coelestis (Diels) C. Y. Wu ex H. P. Tsui; Gueldenstaedtia coelestis (Diels) N. D. Simpson; Tibetia coelestis (Diels) H. P. Tsui; T. tongolensis (Ulbrich) H. P. Tsui f. coelestis (Diels) P. C. Li; T. tongolensis (Ulbrich) H. P. Tsui var. coelestis (Diels) H. P. Tsui.
Ovary glabrous.
* Grasslands on hills; above 3000 m. Sichuan, SE Xizang, Yunnan.
中甸高山豆 zhong dian gao shan dou
Gueldenstaedtia forrestii Ali, Candollea 18: 153. 1962; Tibetia liangshanensis P. C. Li.
Stems prostrate, elongated. Stipules connate at base, obovate or oblong, abaxially with appressed pale yellow hairs, adaxially glabrous, apex obtuse or subtruncate; petiole 3.59 cm; petiolules ca. 1 mm; leaflets 79, obovate or orbicular, 1119 Χ 915 mm, apex retuse, rarely subtruncate or obtuse. Flowers purple; peduncle 1314 cm; bracts lanceolate, ca. 4 mm; pedicels 34 mm. Calyx ca. 8 mm, with appressed yellow hairs, 2-lobed; upper lobe ca. 3 mm, apex retuse; lower lobe equal, linear, 23 mm. Corolla pale yellow; standard retuse at apex, ca. 1.6 Χ 1.2 cm; wings ca. 1.4 cm, claw 23 mm; keel petals ca. 6 Χ 2 mm, claw ca. 2 mm, auricle shorter than 1 mm. Ovary with densely appressed white hairs; style shorter than 1 mm. Fl. JunSep, fr. JunSep.
* Understories of Pinus and Quercus forests; above 3000 m. Sichuan, Yunnan.
甘草属 gan cao shu
Bao Bojian, Kai Larsen
Perennial herbs or subshrubs. Roots and rhizomes very developed. Stem erect, much branched. Leaves imparipinnate; stipules 2, free, caducous or persistent; leaflets (3)517, entire or serrulate. Racemes axillary; bracts caducous. Calyx campanulate or cylindric, 5-toothed, slightly bilabiate. Corolla white, yellow, purple, or purple-red; flag shortly clawed; wings shorter than flag, obliquely oblong; keels joined. Stamens diadelphous or monadelphous. Ovary sessile, 210 ovuled. Pods ovoid, oblong, or linear, rarely moniliform, straight or curved, flat or inflated, prickly or rarely smooth, indehiscent or dehiscent. Seeds reniform or orbicular.
About 20 species: mainly Eurasia with extensions to Australia, and North and South America; eight species in China (two endemic).
Glycyrrhiza costulata Handel-Mazzetti = Astragalus chinensis L. f.
Glycyrrhiza mairei H. Lιveillι = Tephrosia purpurea (Linnaeus) Persoon.
1a. Pods orbicular, reniform, or ovoid, yellow spiny or tuberculate, with 2 seeds; leaflets lanceolate to oblong, margin spiny-serrulate.
2a. Pods tuberculate; racemes not globose; leaflets apically retuse or obtuse .. 8. G. squamulosa
2b. Pods rigidly spiny; racemes globose or oblong; leaflets apically acuminate.
3a. Racemes oblong; pods apically abruptly acuminate,
sparsely rigidly spiny
........................................................................................................ 6.
G. pallidiflora
3b. Racemes subglobose; pods apically cuspidate, densely rigidly spiny .... 7. G. yunnanensis
1b. Pods linear, oblong, or orbicular, scaly glandular punctate, glandular hairy, or smooth, rarely tuberculate, with 28 seeds; leaflets elliptic, oblong, or ovate, rarely lanceolate.
4a. Pods moniliform, smooth ............................................................................... 5. G. aspera
4b. Pods not moniliform, scaly glandular punctate, glandular hairy, or tuberculate.
5a. Pods zigzag ..................................................................................... 3. G. eglandulosa
5b. Pods not zigzag.
6a. Pods linear, falcate or curved into a ring ............................................ 1. G. uralensis
6b. Pods oblong, straight or slightly curved.
7a. Leaflets 37(9); calyx with upper 2 teeth joined to 1/2 from base ..... 2. G. inflata
7b. Leaflets 1117; calyx with upper 2 teeth mostly joined ...................... 4. G. glabra
甘草 gan cao
Glycyrrhiza asperrima Linnaeus f. var. desertorum Regel; G. asperrima var. uralensis Regel; G. glandulifera Ledebour (1842), not Waldstein & Kitaibel (18021812); G. shiheziensis X. Y. Li.
Herbs perennial. Roots and rhizomes strong. Stem 30120 cm high, densely scaly glandular punctate and white or brown tomentose. Leaves 520 cm; stipules triangular-lanceolate, ca. 5 Χ 2 mm, densely white pubescent; petiole densely brown glandular punctate and pubescent; leaflets 517, ovate, narrowly ovate, or orbicular, 1.55 Χ 0.83 cm, densely glandular punctate and pubescent, base rounded, margin entire or repand, apex obtuse and mucronate. Racemes much flowered; rachis shorter than leaf, densely brown glandular punctate and pubescent; bracts brown, oblong-lanceolate, 34 mm, membranous, yellow glandular and pubescent. Calyx campanulate, 714 mm, densely yellow glandular punctate and pubescent, inflated to sacciform at base, 5-toothed, upper 2 teeth mostly joined. Corolla purple, white, or yellow, 12.4 cm; flag oblong, base shortly clawed, apex retuse; wings shorter than flag; keel shorter than wings. Ovary densely glandular. Pods falcate to curved into a ring, densely tuberculate and glandular hairy. Seeds 311, dark green, orbicular or reniform, ca. 3 mm. Fl. JunAug, fr. JulOct. 2n = 16*.
Sandy lands, dry river banks, grasslands on hills; 4002700 m. Gansu, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Ningxia, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Xinjiang [Afghanistan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Mongolia, Pakistan, Russia, Tajikistan].
胀果甘草 zhang guo gan cao
Glycyrrhiza eurycarpa P. C. Li; G. hediniana Harms ex Ostenfeld & Paulsen; G. paucifoliolata Hance.
Herbs perennial. Roots and rhizomes strong. Stem 50150 cm high, woody at base. Leaves 420 cm; stipules caducous, brown, triangular-lanceolate, small, ca. 1 mm; petiole densely brown glandular punctate, densely pubescent when young; leaflets 37(9), ovate, elliptic, or oblong, 26 Χ 0.83 cm, brown glandular punctate, sparsely pubescent on veins, base rounded, margin somewhat undulate, apex acute or obtuse. Racemes many sparsely flowered; rachis ca. as long as or shorter than leaves, densely glandular punctate, densely hairy when young; bracts oblong-lanceolate, ca. 3 mm, densely glandular punctate and pubescent. Calyx campanulate, 57 mm, densely glandular punctate and pubescent, 5-toothed, upper 2 teeth joined to 1/2 from base. Corolla purple or light purple; flag narrowly elliptic, 69(12) Χ 47 mm, base shortly clawed, apex rounded; wings ca. as long as flag, obviously auriculate and clawed; keel shorter, auriculate and clawed. Pods straight or slightly curved, elliptic or oblong, 830 Χ 510 mm, inflated or somewhat constricted between seeds, brown glandular punctate and glandular hairy, sparsely villous. Seeds 14, green, orbicular, 23 mm in diam. Fl. MayJul, fr. JunOct. 2n = 16*.
River banks, dry stream banks, margins of farms, wastelands; ca. 1100 m. Gansu, Nei Mongol, Xinjiang [Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Mongolia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan].
无腺毛甘草 wu xian mao gan cao
Herbs perennial. Roots and rhizomes strong. Stem 5090 cm high, sparsely brown glandular punctate, prickly, white hairy. Leaves 1522 cm; petiole sparsely glandular, prickly, white hairy; leaflets 1115, ovate or elliptic, 2.34.5 Χ 0.61.4 cm, adaxially sparsely puberulous, densely brown glandular, base rounded or slightly cordate, margin undulate, apex obtuse. Racemes 1119 cm, ca. as long as or longer than leaves, sparsely glandular, prickly, hairy; bracts lanceolate, white hairy. Calyx campanulate, 910 mm, densely brown glandular punctate and pilose, upper 2 teeth nearly joined completely. Corolla 1.21.6 cm; flag narrowly elliptic, 1315 Χ 35.5 mm, base shortly clawed; wings oblong, ca. 6.5 Χ 1.92.5 mm, claw linear, auriculate. Ovary straight, densely puberulous. Pods zigzag, oblong, flat, 1230 Χ 57 mm, pilose. Seeds 19. Fl. JunAug, fr. JulOct. 2n = 16*.
* Sandy areas, grasslands on hills; 3002000 m. Xinjiang.
洋甘草 yang gan cao
Glycyrrhiza alalensis X. Y. Li; G. brachycarpa Boissier; G. glabra var. caduca X. Y. Li; G. glabra subsp. glandulifera (Waldstein & Kitaibel) Ponert; G. glabra var. glandulifera (Waldstein & Kitaibel) Regel & Herder; G. glabra var. glandulosa X. Y. Li; G. glabra var. laxifoliolata X. Y. Li; G. glabra var. violacea (Boissier & Noλ) Boissier; G. glandulifera Waldstein & Kitaibel; G. pallida Boissier; G. violacea Boissier & Noλ.
Herbs perennial. Stem 50150 cm high, woody at base, densely scaly glandular punctate, white hairy. Leaves 514 cm; stipules caducous, linear, 12 mm; petiole densely yellow-brown glandular-hairy and villous; leaflets 1117, ovate-oblong, oblong-lanceolate, or elliptic, 1.74 Χ 0.82 cm, abaxially densely yellow scaly glandular punctate and pubescent on veins, adaxially glabrescent or pilose, base rounded, apex rounded or retuse and with mucro. Racemes much and densely flowered; rachis densely brown scaly glandular punctate, white villous and tomentose; bracts lanceolate, ca. 2 mm, membranous. Calyx campanulate, 57 mm, sparsely yellow glandular punctate and pubescent, 5-toothed, upper 2 teeth mostly joined. Corolla purple or light purple, 912 mm; flag ovate or oblong, 11.1 cm, base clawed, apex retuse; wings 89 mm; keel straight, 78 mm. Ovary glabrous. Pods oblong, flat, 1735 Χ 4.57 mm, rarely constricted between seeds, glabrous or sparsely hairy, rarely glandular hairy. Seeds 28, dark green, ca. 2 mm in diam., smooth. Fl. MayJun, fr. JulSep. 2n = 16*.
Margins of farms, roadsides, saline areas; 5001300 m. Xinjiang [Afghanistan, India, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Mongolia, Pakistan, Russia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan; N Africa; SW Asia, Europe, Indian Ocean (Maldives), North America].
粗毛甘草 cu mao gan cao
Glycyrrhiza asperrima Linnaeus f.; G. laxiflora X. Y. Li & D. C. Feng; G. laxissima Vassilczenko; G. macrophylla X. Y. Li; G. nutantiflora X. Y. Li; G. prostata X. Y. Li & D.C. Feng; G. purpureiflora X. Y. Li.
Herbs perennial. Roots and rhizomes slender. Stem erect or diffuse, 1030 cm high, sparsely pubescent and glandular hairy. Leaves 2.510 cm; stipules ovate-triangular, 46 Χ 24 mm; petiole sparsely pubescent and glandular hairy; leaflets (5)79, gray-green, ovate, broadly ovate, obovate, or elliptic, 1030 Χ 318 mm, abaxially sparsely pubescent and glandular hairy, adaxially glabrous, base cuneate, margin small spiny-hairy. Racemes much flowered; rachis longer than leaves, pilose, glandular hairy; bracts linear-lanceolate, 36 mm, membranous. Calyx cylindric, 712 mm, sparsely pubescent, 5-toothed, upper 2 teeth slightly joined. Corolla light purple or purple; flag oblong, 1315 Χ 56.5 mm, base narrowed to claw, apex rounded; wings 1.21.4 cm; keel 11.1 cm. Ovary glabrescent. Pods usually curved to falcate or ring, brown, moniliform, 1.52.5 cm, glabrous. Seeds 210, black-brown, orbicular. Fl. MayJun, fr. JulAug. 2n = 16*.
Margins of farms, riverbanks; 100800 m. Gansu, Nei Mongol, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Xinjiang [Afghanistan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Mongolia, Russia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan; SW Asia, Europe].
刺果甘草 ci guo gan cao
Herbs perennial. Stem 11.5 m high, striped, densely yellow-brown scaly glandular punctate, nearly glabrous. Leaves 620 cm; stipules lanceolate, ca. 5 mm; petiole glabrous, densely glandular punctate; leaflets 915, lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, 26 Χ 1.52 cm, glabrous, densely scaly glandular punctate, base cuneate, margin serrulate, apex acuminate with mucro. Racemes much flowered, globose or oblong; rachis shorter than leaves, densely brown glandular punctate and pubescent; bracts ovate-lanceolate, 68 mm, membranous, glandular punctate. Calyx campanulate, 45 mm, densely glandular punctate and sparsely pubescent at base, lanceolately 5-toothed. Corolla light purple, purple, or purple-red; flag ovate, 68 mm, base shortly clawed, apex rounded; wings 56 mm; keel shorter than wings. Pods ovoid, 1017 Χ 68 mm, rigidly spiny, apex abruptly acuminate. Seeds 2, black, ca. 2 mm. Fl. JunJul, fr. JulSep. 2n = 16*.
Riverbanks, open valleys by streams, open slopes, margins of farms, roadsides; 26003100 m. Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, NE and N Jiangsu, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Shaanxi, Shandong, Yunnan [Mongolia, Russia].
云南甘草 yun nan gan cao
Herbs perennial. Stem 60100(120) cm high, densely scaly glandular punctate, sparsely pubescent. Leaves 810 cm; stipules lanceolate, 57 Χ 23 mm, glandular punctate, glabrous; petiole densely scaly glandular punctate, densely villous; leaflets 715, lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, 25 Χ 0.71.5 cm, densely scaly glandular punctate, sparsely pubescent, base cuneate, apex acuminate. Racemes much flowered, globose or subglobose; rachis shorter than leaf, densely scaly glandular punctate, villous when young; bracts lanceolate, 67 mm, densely glandular punctate. Calyx campanulate, ca. 5 mm, sparsely scaly glandular punctate and pubescent, 5-toothed, upper 2 teeth partly joined. Corolla purple; flag narrowly ovate or elliptic, 69 mm, very shortly clawed; wings 56 mm; keel slightly shorter than wings, clawed, auriculate. Pods dense, narrowly ovoid, 1218 Χ 46 mm, densely spiny, apex cuspidate. Seeds brown, ca. 4 mm. Fl. MayJun, fr. JulSep. 2n = 16*.
* Near forests, open grassy slopes, farms, roadsides; ca. 2700 m. Yunnan.
圆果甘草 yuan guo gan cao
Astragalus glanduliferus Debeaux.
Herbs perennial. Roots and rhizomes slender. Stem 3060 cm high, densely yellow scaly glandular punctate, glabrous or sparsely pubescent. Leaves 515 cm; stipules lanceolate, 23 mm, sparsely white pubescent, glandular punctate; petiole densely scaly glandular punctate, sparsely pubescent; leaflets 913, narrowly elliptic to oblong-obovate, densely scaly glandular punctate, base cuneate, margin serrulate, apex usually retuse. Racemes much flowered; rachis longer than leaves, densely scaly glandular punctate, sparsely pubescent; bracts lanceolate, membranous, glandular punctate, pubescent. Calyx campanulate, 2.53.5 mm, densely scaly glandular punctate, sparsely pubescent, 5-toothed; upper 2 teeth slightly joined. Corolla white, abaxially densely yellow glandular punctate; flag ovate-oblong, 57 Χ 2.53.5 mm; wings 45 mm; keel straight, slightly shorter than wings. Pods brown, orbicular or broadly reniform, 510 Χ 47 mm, tuberculate, apex mucronate. Seeds 2, green, ca. 2 mm. Fl. MayJul, fr. JunSep.
Roadsides, wastelands; 1001100 m. Hebei, Henan, Nei Mongol, Ningxia, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Xinjiang [Mongolia].
骆驼刺属 luo tuo ci shu
Xu Langran, Kai Larsen
Herbs perennial to subshrubs, spiny. Leaves simple, entire; stipules subulate. Racemes axillary, with bracts and bracteoles. Calyx campanulate; teeth subequal. Corolla red to purple. Stamens 9+1 diadelphous; anthers uniform. Ovary with many ovules; stigma capitate. Legume moniliform, indehiscent.
About five species distributed in Nepal, C Asia, and the Mediterranean to N Africa; one species in China.
This genus contains good foliage plants and sand-fixing plants. Sugar secreted on the leaves can be used to treat people for headaches caused by neuroses.
Xu Langran. 1998. pp. 163164 in Cui Hongbin, ed. Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 42(2).
骆驼刺 luo tuo ci
Subshrubs 2550 cm tall. Stems erect, caespitose. Leaves alternate; stipules subulate, ca. 1 mm; stipes 34 mm; blades ovate, obovate, or obovate-orbicular to elliptic, 0.81.5 Χ 0.61 cm, glabrous. Peduncles ligneous; racemes lax, 38-flowered; rachis indurate, terminating in a strong spine; pedicels 13 mm; bracts subulate, ca. 1 mm; bracteoles 2 at base of calyx. Calyx campanulate, 45 mm, pubescent; teeth triangular to subulate-triangular, 1/41/3 as long as tube. Corolla red-purple; standard narrowly obovate, 89 mm; wings ca. 3/4 as long as standard; keel subequaling standard. Ovary sessile, glabrous. Legume straight to slightly curved, 1.22.5 cm, glabrous. Fl. JunJul, fr. JulAug. 2n = 14.
Desert plains, low hills; 100700 m. N Gansu, W Nei Mongol, W Qinghai, Xinjiang [Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, W Mongolia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan].
The calyx teeth are variable, even on the same plant; therefore, it is difficult to distinguish from other species westward in neighboring countries.
雀儿豆属 que er dou shu
Zhu Xiangyun (朱相云), Kai Larsen
Spongiocarpella Yakovlev & Ulzijchutag.
Perennials. Root stout, lignified. Stem lignified, short. Leaves imparipinnate, rarely 3 leaflets; leaflets entire; stipules herbaceous, adnate to base of leaflets. Flowers solitary, axillary, rarely a raceme with 14 flowers; peduncle with nodes growing one bract. Calyx with 2 bracts at base; tube tubular, gibbous on one side at base, 5-lobed, 2 upper lobes connate, 3 lower lobes free, with brown glands at apex. Corolla yellow or purple; standard suborbicular or oblong, lower surface appressed with dense short hairs, ± longer than wings or keel-petals. Stamens diadelphous; anthers uniform. Ovary sessile; stigma capitate, papillary. Pods oblong to linear, 1-loculed; seeds reniform. Basic chromosome number x=8. [check IPCN and input 2n where available]
A genus of 21 species: Mediterranean, Central and West Asia; seven species and one subspecies in China [two endemic].
Chesneya dshungarica Golosk. (1957) was recorded from Xinjiang, but no specimens were available.
1a. Stipules deciduous; plants not cushion-like, appressed with dense whitish hairs; leaflets obovate or obovate-elliptic, apex rounded, emarginate, or truncate; pods 46 cm.
2a. Racemes 14-flowered; mature pods glabrous .............................................. 1. C. cuneata
2b. Flowers solitary; mature pods appressed with dense hairs.
3a. Pedicels slender, soft, ca. as long as or slightly longer than leaves; leaflets 57 Χ 35 mm; pods 3.55 Χ 45 mm ............................................................................................... 2. C. crassipes
3b. Pedicels crass, ca. as long as or shorter than leaves; leaflets 715 Χ 410 mm; pods 56 Χ 910 mm 3. C. acaulis
1b. Stipules persistent; plants cushion-like, appressed with spreading whitish hairs or glabrous; leaflets obovate, elliptic, or suborbicular, apex acute or subrounded; pods shorter than 3 cm.
4a. Persistent stipules not becoming spines, darkened when dry, incurved or straight, leaflets without hard pins at apex.
5a. Leaflets 19-41, glabrous, base conspicuously oblique ....................... 4. C. polystichoides
5b. Leaflets 15-21, both surfaces appressed with dense spreading hairs, base rounded or slightly so C. nubigena
4b. Persistent stipules becoming spines; leaflets without hard pins at apex.
6a. Corolla purple; bracteoles linear, ca. 8 mm; leaflets 68, both surfaces appressed with whitish silky hairs ............................................................................................................. C. macrantha
6b. Corolla yellow; bracteoles awl-shaped, shorter than 1 mm; leaflets 812, appressed with whitish spreading short hairs .................................................................................................. C. spinosa
截叶雀儿豆 jie ye que er dou
Gueldenstaedtia cuneata Bentham in Royle, Ill. Bot. Himal. Mts. 200. 1835; Calophaca cuneata (Bentham) Komarov, without basionym reference; Caragana cuneata (Bentham) Baker (1876), not Moench (1794).
Perennials. Roots crass, lignified. Stems 1015 cm tall, with many branches. Imparipinnate 210 cm, leaflets 28 pairs; stipules ovate-lanceolate, 56 mm, adnate to petiole until 1/2 part, axis and petioles with dense spreading long hairs or appressed short hairs; leaflets obovate or obovate-oblong, 416 Χ 24 mm, both surfaces with dense spreading long or appressed short hairs, base rounded, apex rounded, cuneate, or emarginate. Racemes umbellate, 14-flowered; pedicels 310 mm, appressed with dense white hairs; pedicel 24 mm. Calyx tubular, 1517 mm, gibbous at base, inflated at one side; teeth lanceolate, shorter than tube, with black glands at apex. Corolla purple; standard 2030 mm, appressed with short hairs at back; wings 1828 mm; keel-petals slightly shorter than wings. Pods linear, 46 cm Χ 810 mm, glabrous when mature. Fl. Jul, fr. Aug.
Dry slopes on hills, gravel, in between stones; 33004300 m. Xinjiang, Xizang [India, Kashmir, Pakistan].
长梗雀儿豆 chang geng que er dou
Perennials, cushion-like. Stems lignified at base, crass, with branchings. Imparipinnate 38 cm, leaflets 5 or 6 pairs; stipules lanceolate, 67 mm, adnate to petiole until 1/2 part, persistent; axis and petiole slender, with dense long hairs; leaflets dense, obovate-oblong, 57 Χ 35 mm, both surfaces with dense spreading long hairs, base rounded, apex emarginate or cuneate. Flowers solitary, pedicels 1040 mm, with dense spreading white short hairs; bracts subulate, bracteoles almost same as bracts. Calyx tubular, 1213 mm, with dense white short hairs, gibbous at base, inflated at one side; teeth lanceolate, slightly shorter than tube, with red-brown glands at apex. Corolla purple or orange-yellow with purple; standard 1318 mm, lamina elliptic. Ovary sessile, glabrous. Pods linear, 3.54 cm Χ 45 mm, appressed with dense hairs. Fl. Jul, fr. Aug.
On gravel; ca. 3800 m. Xizang [Pakistan; C Asia - list countries??].
无茎雀儿豆 wu jing que er dou
Caragana acaulis Baker, J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 18: 44 1881; Calophaca acaulis (Baker) Komarov, without basionym reference.
Perennials, cushion-like. Stems lignified at base, 38 cm tall. Imparipinnate 48 cm; leaflets 68 pairs; stipules ovate-lanceolate, 56 mm, adnate to petiole until 1/2 part; axis and petiole with dense appressed white hairs; leaflets obovate or obovate-oblong, 715 Χ 410 mm, both surfaces with dense appressed white hairs, base subrounded, apex emarginate, rarely cuneate. Flowers solitary, pedicels crass, 34 cm, slightly shorter or ca. as long as leaves, appressed with white short hairs; bracts subulate; bracteoles ca. as long as bracts. Calyx tubular, 1213 mm, with dense white short hairs, gibbous at base, inflated at one side; teeth lanceolate, slightly shorter than tube, with red-brown glands at apex. Corolla purple or orange-yellow; standard 1318 mm, lamina elliptical, with dense white short hairs on back side. Ovary sessile, glabrous. Pods linear, 3.54 cm Χ 45 mm, with appressed dense hairs. Fl. Jul, fr. Aug.
On gravel; 29003000 m. Xizang [Afghanistan, Pakistan].
川滇雀儿豆 chuan dian que er dou
Calophaca polystichoides Handel-Mazzetti, Symb. Sin. 7: 552. 1933; Spongiocarpella polystichoides (Handel-Mazzetti) Yakovlev.
Perennials, cushion-like. Stems lignified at base, prostrate, crass, ca. 25 mm in diam., with branches, bark red-brown, with dense persistent petioles and stipules. Leaves 814 cm; leaflets 920 pairs; stipules linear, ca. 15 mm, adnate to petiole to middle part, rarely with short white hairs; axis and petiole rarely with long hairs, incurved after drying, persistent; leaflets dense, sessile, abaxially gray-white, adaxially dark green, oblong, ovate, or nearly orbicular, 311 Χ 26 mm, both surfaces with hairs, base conspicuously oblique, apex rounded, seldomly truncate or emarginate. Flowers solitary; pedicels 1020 mm, with spreading white long hairs; bracts linear; bracteoles slightly shorter than bracts. Calyx tubular, 1215 Χ 57 mm, rarely with long hairs, gibbous at base, inflated at one side; teeth triangular-lanceolate, ca. 1/2 as long as tube. Corolla yellow; standard 2022 mm, lamina oblong, with dense white short hairs on back side; keel-petals 1517 mm, auriculate, ca. as long as long wings. Ovary sessile, glabrous. Pods narrowly elliptical, 2535 Χ ca. 10 mm, leathery, slightly applanate, glabrous. Fl. Jul, fr. Aug.
* On slopes, rocks, meadows; 34004400 m. Sichuan, Xizang, Yunnan.
云雾雀儿豆 yun wu que er dou
Perennials, cushion-like. Stems lignified at base, crass, with branches, with persistent petioles and stipules. Leaves 315 cm; leaflets 210 pairs; stipules linear, ca. 10 mm, adnate to petiole to 1/2 part, upper part rounded or 2- or 3- lobed, with dense long hairs; axis and petiole with dense spreading long hairs, incurved or erect after dry, persistent; leaflets dense, oblong, 510 Χ 24 mm, both surfaces with dense spreading long hairs, base rounded or slightly oblique, apex acute. Flowers solitary; pedicels 1040 mm, with dense spreading white long hairs; bracts linear, ca. 10 mm; bracteoles slightly shorter than bracts. Calyx tubular, 1015 mm, rarely with long hairs, gibbous at base, inflated at one side; teeth lanceolate, ca. 1/2 as long as tube. Corolla yellow; standard 2030 mm, lamina broadly ovate or suborbicular, with dense white short hairs on back side, apex emarginate; wings 1828 mm; keel-petals ca. as long as wings, without auricles. Ovary sessile, with dense white long hairs. Pods narrowly elliptical, 2030 Χ 78 mm, rarely with appressed long white hairs, slightly applanate, leathery. Fl. Jul, fr. Aug.
Rocky alpine slopes, within shrubs, slopes, meadows, in gravel; 36005300 m. Xizang, Yunnan [Bhutan, India, Nepal].
1a.. Flowers yellow; plants tall, leaflets large [measurements??], with a few persistent petioles . 5a. C. nubigena subsp. nubigena
1b.. Flowers purple; plants small, leaflets small [measurements??], with many persistent petioles 5b. C. nubigena subsp. purpurea
云雾雀儿豆(原亚种) yun wu que er dou (yuan ya zhong)
Astragalus nubigenus D. Don, Prodr. Fl. Nepal. 245. 1825; A. crassicaulis Graham, nom. nud., Calophaca crassicaulis (Bentham ex Baker) Komarov, without basionym reference; Caragana crassicaulis Bentham ex Baker; Chesneya intermedia (Yakovlev) Z. G. Qian; C. paucifoliolata (Yakovlev & Ulzijchutag) Z. G. Qian; C. yunnanensis (Yakovlev & Ulzijchutag) Z. G. Qian; Spongiocarpella intermedia Yakovlev; S. nubigena (D. Don) Yakovlev; S. nubigena subsp. kumaoensisYakovlev [kumaoλnsis]; S. paucifoliolata Yakovlev; S. yunnanensis Yakovlev.
Plants tall [measurements??]. Leaflets large [measurements??], with a few persistent petioles. Flowers yellow. Fl. JulAug, fr. AugSep.
Rocky alpine slopes, within shrubs, slopes, meadows; 36005300 m. Xizang, Yunnan [India, Nepal].
紫花雀儿豆 zi hua que er dou
Chesneya purpurea P. C. Li, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 19(2): 236. 1981; Spongiocarpella purpurea (P. C. Li) Yakovlev.
Plants small [measurements??]. Leaflets small [measurements??], with many persistent petioles. Flowers purple. Fl. Jul, fr. Aug.
Within shrubs, hilly slopes, meadows, and in gravel; 47005200 m. Xizang [Bhutan].
大花雀儿豆 da hua que er dou
Oxytropis grubovii Ulzijchutag [N. Ulzikyh??], Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow) 56: 1149. 1971; Chesneya potaninii (N. Ulziykh) Govaerts; Spongiocarpella grubovii (Ulzijchutag) Yakovlev; S. potaninii Yakovlev.
Perennials, cushion-like. Stems shortened, 510 cm tall. Leaves 24 cm long, leaflets 3 or 4 pairs; stipules ovate, ca. 4 mm, submembranous, adnate to petiole to 1/2 part, persistent, with dense appressed white long hairs; axis and petiole with rare spreading white long hairs, persistent and forming spines at apex; leaflets elliptic or obovate, 56 Χ ca. 3 mm, both surfaces with appressed white silky short hairs, base cuneate, apex acute or spine-like. Flowers solitary; pedicels 45 mm; bracts linear, ca. 8 mm; bracteoles like bracts. Calyx tubular, ca. 15 mm, with dense long hairs and dark brown glands, gibbous at base, inflated at one side; teeth linear, almost as long as tube, with glands at apex. Corolla purple; standard ca. 25 mm, lamina oblong, with dense short hairs on back side; wings ca. 20 mm; keel-petals shorter than wings. Ovary sessile, with dense hairs. Pods unknown. Fl. Jun, fr. Jul.
Dry slopes. Nei Mongol, Xinjiang [Mongolia].
刺柄雀儿豆 ci bing que er dou
Spongiocarpella spinosa (P. C. Li) Yakovlev.
Perennials, cushion-like. Stems shortened, 46 cm tall, lignified at base, with branches, with dense persistent spine-like petioles and stipules. Leaves 22.5 cm, leaflets 46 pairs; stipules ovate, 23 mm, papery, adnate to petiole to 1/2 part, glabrous, rarely with short white hairs; axis and petiole rarely with long hairs, persistent and forming spines; leaflets narrowly oblong, 35 Χ ca. 1.5 mm, both surfaces with dense white short hairs when young, becoming glabrous, base rounded or slightly oblique, apex acute, rounded, or truncate, with short spines. Flowers solitary; pedicels shorter than leaves; bracts lanceolate, ca. 1.5 mm; bracteoles awl-shaped, shorter than 1 mm. Calyx tubular, 1416 mm, rarely with white short hairs and brown glands, gibbous at base, inflated at one side; teeth lanceolate, with glands and hard acute at apex. Corolla yellow; standard 2426 mm, lamina suborbicular, with dense white short hairs on back side; wings 2325 mm; claw slightly longer than lamina; keel-petals 1921 mm. Ovary sessile, with dense white short hairs. Pods oblong, 2025 Χ 45 mm, rarely with long white hairs. Fl. Jul, fr. Aug.
* On gravel slopes of hills; 39004200 m. Xizang.
旱雀豆属 han que er dou
Zhu Xiangyun (朱相云), Kai Larsen
Chesneya Lindley ex Endlicher Sect. Microcarpon Borissova.
Perennials. Root stout, lignified. Stem prostrate, slender, base lignified. Leaves imparipinnate, leaflets 24 pairs, entire; stipules membranous, separate from petiole. Flowers solitary, axillary. Corolla pale yellow, pink, or purple; standard orbicular, lower surface appressed with dense short hairs, ± equal to wings or keel-petals. Stamens diadelphous. Ovary sessile; stigma capicate, papillary. Pods ovoid or oblong; seeds cylindric-reniform. Basic chromosome number x=8.
Six species: C Asia and NW China; two species in China [one endemic].
1a. Leaflets 2 or 3 pairs, obovate, adaxially rarely with hairs, abaxially with dense appressed white long hairs; corolla purple .............................................................................................. 1. C. mongolica
1b. Leaflets 35 pairs, obovate-lanceolate, both surfaces with dense spreading white short hairs; corolla pink 2. C. ferganensis
蒙古旱雀豆 meng gu han que er dou
Chesneya mongolica Maximowicz, Bull. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pιtersbourg, Sιr. 3, 27: 462. 1881.
Perennials. Stems caespitose, prostrate, 1525 cm, slender, with dense white and appressed long hairs. Leaves 1520 mm, leaflets 2 or 3 pairs; axis and petiole with dense white appressed long hairs; stipules separate from petiole, subulate, ca. 2 mm, with dense white long hairs, with dense white glands at apex; leaflets obovate, 68 Χ 56 mm, abaxially with dense white appressed long hairs, adaxially with dense venice-blue glands and rarely with hairs, base cuneate, apex blunt, with brown acute??. Flowers solitary; pedicel 57 mm, with dense white hairs; bracts ca. 0.5 mm; bracteolates same shape as bracts, with glands at apex. Calyx tubular, ca. 7 mm, with dense white hairs, gibbous at base, inflated at one side; teeth lanceolate, slightly shorter than tube, upper 2 lobes almost connate, with brown glands at apex. Corolla purple; standard ca. 13 mm, lamina broadly orbicular, with dense white short hairs on back side; wings and keel-petals ca. as long as standard. Ovary sessile, with dense white long hairs. Pods oblong, ca. 13 Χ 2 mm, slightly inflated, with dense white short hairs. Fl. Aug, fr. Aug.
* On gravel. Nei Mongol.
甘肃旱雀豆 gan su han que dou
Chesneya ferganensis Korsh., Zap. Imp. Akad. Nauk Fiz.-Mat. Otd., Ser. 8, 4(4): 90. 1896; C. gansuensis Y. X. Liou; C. grubovii Yakovlev; Chesniella gansuensis (Y. X. Liou) P. C. Li.
Perennials. Stems prostrate, 1020 cm, with many branches, with dense spreading short hairs. Leaves 1030 mm, leaflets 35 pairs; axis and petiole slender, with dense spreading short hairs; stipules separate from petioles, ovate, ca. 2 mm, with dense short hairs, with dark brown glands at apex; leaflets obovate-lanceolate, 79 Χ 34 mm, with dense spreading white short hairs, base rounded, apex rounded, emarginate, or truncate, with small acute??. Flowers solitary; pedicel 810 mm, slender, with dense spreading short hairs; bracts ca. 1 mm; bracteoles same shape as bracts. Calyx campanulate, ca. 7 mm, rarely with short hairs; teeth linear, longer than tube, with dark brown glands at apex, upper 2 lobes almost connate. Corolla pink; standard 910 mm, lamina orbicular, with dense short hairs on back side, apex emarginate, claw ca. 1 mm; wings 1011 mm, claw ca. as long as lamina, ca. 1 mm; keel-petals slightly shorter than wings, shortly clawed, without auricles. Ovary sessile, with dense short hairs. Pods narrowly oblong, 1820 Χ ca. 5 mm, slightly inflated, with dense spreading long hairs. Fl. Jul, fr. Aug.
Dry slopes; ca. 1800 m. Gansu [Mongolia].
丽豆属 li dou shu
Zhu Xiangyun (朱相云), Kai Larsen
Shrubs or subshrubs. Leaves imparipinnate; leaflets 213 pairs, leathery, entire, without stipels; rachis usually??; stipules large, lanceolate or broadly lanceolate, membranous or herbaceous, adnate to base of petiole. Raceme 4- or more flowered; bracts and bractlets rarely persistent. Calyx tubular, oblique on pedicel, 5-lobed, almost equal to or upper 2 lobes connate. Corolla yellow, large; standard ovate or suborbicular, erect, reflexed at margins; wings obovate-oblong or subfalcate; keel-petals incurved, equal to wings, blunt at apex. Stamens diadelphous; anthers orbicular. Ovary sessile, with glandular hairs or pubescent; style filiform, glabrous at upper part, appressed and long white pilose; stigma small. Pods cylindric or linear, pubescent or with glandular hairs, acute at apex, 1-loculed, pubescent or glabrous inside, 2-valved, with persistent calyx; seeds subreniform, without caruncle. Basic chromosome number x=8.
Five species: Russia to C Asia; three species in China [two endemic].
Calophaca tianschanica (B. Fedtsch.) Boiss. was recorded from Xinjiang, but no specimens were available.
1a. Pods without glandular hairs ........................................................................... 1. C. chinensis
1b. Pods with glandular hairs.
2a. Stipules 58 mm; peduncles with dense lanugo; calyx ca. 10 mm, with appressed sericeous hairs 2. C. soongorica
2b. Stipules ca. 15 mm; peduncles with glandular and white long hairs; calyx 1520 mm, with glandular and white long hairs ....................................................................................................... 3. C. sinica
华丽豆 hua li dou
Small shrubs, 2040 cm tall. Stems with many branches, bark bright, glabrous, with pale yellow grains, young branches with dense short hairs, pale brown or caesious. Leaves 24 cm, leaflets 25 pairs; stipules connate at base, brown, linear, 45 mm, with dense short hairs, apex acuminate; leaflets gray-white, orbicular or ovate, 49 Χ 36 mm, leathery, both surfaces with dense appressed hairs, veins conspicuous, base rounded, apex shortly acute. Inflorescences subcapitate, 4- or 5-flowered; peduncles hard, 34 cm, with dense spreading long hairs; bracts 24 mm, base triangular, apex acuminate; bracteoles 2, ovate or oblong, 12 mm, abaxially with dense short hairs, early deciduous. Flowers ca. 20 mm; pedicels 12 mm, with dense hairs. Calyx broadly campanulate, 79 mm, with short white hairs, slightly gibbous at base; teeth triangular-lanceolate, 1/31/2 as long as tube, both sides with dense hairs. Corolla yellow; standard ca. 20 mm, outside with dense hairs; lamina orbicular, ca. 15 mm wide, apex emarginate, base broadly cuneate, claw ca. 4 mm; wings ca. 18 mm, lamina ca. 14 Χ 5 mm, outside rarely with white hairs, enlarged at apex, truncate or obtuse, with edges, narrowed at base; auricles ca. 1.5 mm, claw ca. 5 mm, incurved; keel-petals ca. as long as wings, outside rarely with white long hairs, lamina ca. 6 mm wide, truncate at apex; auricles short and blunt, claw ca. 7 Χ 2 mm. Stamens diadelphous, 1518 mm; anthers orbicular, ca. 0.5 mm in diam. Ovary oblong, with appressed white hairs; style with semi-appressed hairs, glabrous at apex. Pods 1518 Χ ca. 5 mm wide in upper part, with dense white short hairs, with beak at apex; seeds olive-green, elliptical-reniform, ca. 3 Χ 2 mm, glabrous, smooth. Fl. JulAug, fr. Aug.
* Sunny slopes; meadows within Spiraea, Artemisia, and Poa; 9001400 m. Xinjiang.
新疆丽豆 xin jiang li dou
Calophaca hovenii Schrenk.
Shrubs or small shrubs, 20100 cm tall. Stems with many branches, bark pale gray-yellow, glabrous, dehiscent; young branches pale brown, sericeous or with lanugo. Leaves 37 cm, leaflets 35 pairs, axis and petiole rarely with short hairs; stipules pale brown, linear-lanceolate, 58 mm, membranous, rarely with short hairs; leaflets blue-gray with ceraceous layer, orbicular or narrowly orbicular-elliptical, 414 Χ 410 mm, both surfaces with veins protruding, rarely with appressed short hairs, base rounded, apex blunt, with small acute??. Inflorescences 58-flowered; peduncles hard, 710 cm, with dense lanugo. Flowers ca. 25 mm; pedicels 24 mm; bracteoles 2, pale brown, triangular, 23 mm, with dense appressed silky hairs. Calyx campanulate, ca. 10 mm, outside rarely with dense silky hairs, inside rarely with appressed silky hairs, base oblique; teeth triangular-lanceolate or triangular, ca. 1/2 as long as calyx. Corolla yellow, pale brown when dry; standard 2025 mm, outside with dense short hairs, lamina orbicular, shortly clawed, apex emarginate; wings slightly shorter than wings, lamina oblong; keel-petals shorter than wings. Pods narrowly cylindric, 2030 Χ 68 mm, with acute appressed hard glandular hairs, with short hairs on back side, segments disciform; seeds dark brown, reniform, 36 Χ 24 mm, glabrous, smooth. Fl. JulAug, fr. JulAug.
Sunny slopes in valleys, among shrubs; 13001400 m. Xinjiang [C Asia - list countries??].
丽豆 li dou
Small shrubs, 2040 cm tall. Stems with many branches, bark bright, glabrous, with pale yellow grains; young branches with dense short hairs, pale brown or caesious. Leaves 24 cm, leaflets 25 pairs; stipules connate at base, brown, linear, 45 mm, with dense short hairs, apex acuminate; leaflets gray-white, orbicular or ovate, 49 Χ 36 mm, leathery, both surfaces with dense appressed hairs, veins conspicuous, base rounded, apex shortly acute. Inflorescences subcapitate, 4- or 5-flowered; peduncles hard, 34 cm, with dense spreading long hairs; bracts 24 mm, base triangular, apex acuminate; bracteoles 2, ovate or oblong, 12 mm, abaxially with dense short hairs, early deciduous. Flowers ca. 20 mm; pedicels 12 mm, with dense hairs. Calyx broadly campanulate, 79 mm, with short white hairs, slightly gibbous at base; teeth triangular-lanceolate, 1/31/2 as long as tube, both sides with dense hairs. Corolla yellow; standard ca. 2 mm, outside with dense hairs, lamina orbicular, ca. 15 mm wide, apex emarginate, base broadly cuneate, claw ca. 4 mm; wings ca. 18 mm, lamina ca. 14 Χ 5 mm, outside rarely with white hairs, enlarged at apex, truncate or obtuse, with edges, narrowed at base; auricles ca. 1.5 mm, claw ca. 5 mm, incurved; keel-petals ca. as long as wings, outside rarely with long white hairs, lamina ca. 6 mm wide, truncate at apex; auricules short and blunt, claw ca. 7 Χ ca. 2 mm. Stamens diadelphous, 1518 mm; anthers orbicular, ca. 0.5 mm in diam. Ovary oblong, with appressed white hairs; style with semi-appressed hairs, glabrous at apex. Pods 1518 Χ ca. 5 mm wide in upper part, with dense white short hairs, with beak at apex; seeds olive-green, elliptical-reniform, ca. 3 Χ 2 mm, glabrous, smooth. Fl. MayJun, fr. JunAug.
* Northern valley slopes, among shrubs, dunes of loess; 9001800 m. Nei Mongol, Shanxi.
铃铛刺属 ling dang ci shu
Zhu Xiangyun (朱相云), Kai Larsen
Deciduous shrubs. Leaves paripinnate, rachis extending into spine after leaflets have fallen; stipules persistent, and then becoming spine. Raceme growing on reproductive wings, few flowered; peduncle long, slender. Calyx campanulate, base oblique, 5-lobed; teeth very short. Corolla pale purple or purple-red; standard suborbicular, slightly reflexed at margins; wings clawed, claw equal to auricle; keel-petals semi-circular, blunt at apex, slightly incurved. Stamens diadelphous. Ovary stipitate, inflated; style incurved, stigma small. Pods inflated, valve thick. Basic chromosome number x=8.
One species: Europe and Turkey to Central Asia and China.
铃铛刺 ling dang ci
Robinia halodendron Pallas, Reise Russ. Reich. 2: 741. 1773; Caragana argenta Lamarck; Halimondendron argenteum (Lamarck) de Candolle; H. argenteum var. albiflora Karelin & Kirilov; H. halodendron var. albiflorum (Karelin & Kirilov) Prjachin.
Shrubs 0.52 m tall. Bark dark gray-brown, with many branches, with vegetative and reproductive branches, reproductive branches brown to gray-yellow, sulcate, glabrous, young branches with appressed dense white hairs. Axis persistent, spine-shaped; petiole very short; leaflets oblanceolate, 1.23 cm Χ 610 mm, with dense silver white hairs at first, then glabrous, base cuneate, apex rounded or emarginate, with acute??. Racemes 25-flowered; pedicels 1.53 cm, appressed with dense long silky hairs. Pedicels 57 mm, slender; flowers purple or white, 11.6 cm; bracteoles subulate, ca. 1 mm. Calyx 56 mm, appressed with dense hairs, base oblique, 5-lobed; teeth triangular. Standard slightly reflexed at margins, ca. as long as wings; wings slightly longer than keel-petals. Ovary glabrous, with long stipes. Pods applanate, dorsal and ventral line impressed, 1.52.5 Χ 0.51.2 cm, without septa, with a short beak. Seeds reniform. Fl. Jul, fr. Aug.
Salinized sands, saline soil along rivers, forests. Gansu, Nei Mongol, Xinjiang [Mongolia, Russia].