1. DALBERGIA Linnaeus f., Suppl. Pl. 52. 1782, nom. cons. [Draft]

huang tan shu

Chen Dezhao (Chen Te-chao); Kai Larsen

Trees, shrubs, or woody climbers. Leaves alternate, imparipinnate; stipules often small and early caducous; leaflets alternate, rarely opposite; stipulules absent. Inflorescences terminal or axillary racemes or panicles, usually numerous flowered; bracts and bracteoles usually small, caducous, rarely persistent. Flowers small. Calyx campanulate, 5-toothed; teeth unequal, rarely subequal, lowest teeth usually largest, upper pair usually wider than others and partially connate. Corolla white, pale green, or rarely purple; petals clawed; standard ovate, oblong, or orbicular; wing-petals with base cuneate, truncate, or sagittate; keel-petals often boat-shaped, ± united above. Stamens 10 or 9, monadelphous, usually united in an open sheath, or diadelphous and then either in 2 bundles of 5 or 9 united and 1 free; anthers erect, small, dehiscent by short apical slits. Ovary stipitate; ovules few; style usually incurved, long or short; stigma terminal, small. Fruit an indehiscent pod: types: a) strongly flattened, translucent, raised over the seeds (‘samaroid’), b) thicker, ± leathery, often with lenticels, c) thick, ± woody, b+c) when more than 1 seed develops, pods lomented; the seeds of b/c are usually not visible from outside; seeds reniform, compressed, radicle inflexed.

About 100–120 species: tropical and subtropical North and South America, Africa, and Asia; 28 species in China (??# endemic).

??FRPS 40: 99: what is the comment about Dalbergia lanceolaria Linnaeus f.??

??Dalbergia delavayi Franchet, Pl. Delavay. 186. 1889.

??Dalbergia esquirolii H. Lιveillι, Fl. Kouy-Tcheou 230. 1914-15..

??Dalbergia jingxiensis S. Y. Liu, J. Trop. Subtrop. Bot. 12: 575. 2004.

??Dalbergia marginata Roxburgh, Fl. Ind. ed. 1832, 3: 241. 1832.-- see Fl. Guizhou.

??Dalbergia mengsuoensis Y. Y. Qian, J. Trop. Subtrop. Bot. 10: 37. 2002.

??Dalbergia pierreana Prain, Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. Calcutta 10: 72. 1904.

??Dalbergia polyphylla Bentham in Miquel, Pl. Jungh. 2: 258. 1852.

??Dalbergia robusta Roxburgh ex de Candolle, Prodr. 2: 417. 1825.

??Dalbergia rubiginosa Roxburgh, Pl. Coromandel. 2: 9. 1798.

??Dalbergia scandens Roxburgh, Pl. Coromandel. 2: 49. 1798.

??Dalbergia ximengensis Y. Y. Qian, J. Trop. Subtrop. Bot. 7: 151. 1999.

Due to insufficient data, Dalbergia sacerdotum and D. tonkinensis are not included in the key.

1a.       Stamens 10, filaments connate at base, irregularly separated to incompletely 3–5-adelphous on upper part; leaflets usually 9, sometimes 7 or 11–13, ovate to ovate-lanceolate, 1.5–4 Χ 0.8–1.6 cm  26. D. polyadelpha

1b.       Stamens not as above??

2a.       Stamens 10, diadelphous, in two lateral bundles of 5 each.

3a.       Leaflets 13–21; stipules large, leaflike, ovate, ovate-lanceolate, or falcate-lanceolate; inflorescence densely brown villous, pubescent, or silky pubescent.

4a.       Pods 2.5–5 Χ 0.6–1 cm; leaflet blade abaxially densely pubescent
............................................................................................................  22. D. sericea

4b.       Pods 5–11 Χ 1.2–3.2 cm; leaflet blade sparsely appressed puberulous, gradually glabrous.

5a.       Leaflet blade nearly 3 Χ as long as wide; pod wider, apex obtuse or broadly cuneate, base rounded or broadly cuneate ........................................................................  20. D. stipulacea

5b.       Leaflet blade 1.5–2 Χ as long as wide; pod narrower, apex acute, base attenuate, cuneate             21. D. assamica

3b.       Leaflets 7–17; stipules small, not leaflike; inflorescence sparsely puberulous.

6a.       Leaflets shortly acuminate at apex, never emarginate; standard obovate-oblong; corolla pink            23. D. hainanensis

6b.       Leaflets rounded, obtuse, or slightly emarginate at apex; standard orbicular; corolla white or light purple.

7a.       Leaflets 7–11, broader, 2.5–4 cm; upper two teeth of calyx broad and rounded, lateral 2 ovate; standard without appendages at base; pods 1.3–1.5 cm wide ...........  24. D. hupeana

7b.       Leaflets 13–15, narrower, ca. 2 cm; upper and lateral teeth of calyx triangular; standard with 2 small appendages at base; pods 2–2.5 cm wide .......................................  25. D. balansae

2b.       Stamens 9 or 10, monadelphous.

8a.       Leaflets shorter than 2 cm, numerous, (17–)21(–41).

9a.       Pod reddish brown when dry, strongly reticulate throughout; leaflets 17–27, [other chars: see 9b??]
....................................................................................................................  1. D. tsoi

9b.       Pod not reddish brown [what color??], finely reticulate throughout or opposite the seeds; leaflets linear-oblong or narrowly oblong, 2.5–3 Χ as long as wide, [other chars.: see 9a??].

10a.     Leaflets trapezoid-oblong, bases asymmetrical, one side rounded, other side cuneate; petals long clawed; inflorescence densely rusty puberulous; pod brown and shiny when dry  2. D. pinnata

10b.     Leaflets with bases symmetrical (except D. millettii leaflets slightly asymmetrical; petals shortly clawed; inflorescence somewhat hairy or glabrous; pod dull colored, not shiny when dry.

11a.     Leaflets membranous, oblong, 8–15 mm, both surfaces appressed brown, silky pubescent; inflorescence 3–5 cm ..................................................................  3. D. peishaensis

11b.     Leaflets papery, linear-oblong or narrowly oblong, both surfaces glabrous or hairy when young, glabrous when old; inflorescence 1–6 cm.

12a.     Leaflets 31–41, both ends obtuse or rounded; pods ca. 7.5 mm wide
................................................................................................  4. D. stenophylla

12b.     Leaflets 21–35, apex truncate or emarginate, base cuneate or broadly cuneate; pods 10–20 mm wide.

13a.     Bracteoles deciduous; standard oblong-obovate; pods reticulate opposite the seeds  5. D. mimosoides

13b.     Bracteoles persistent; standard orbicular; pods reticulate throughout
                                                                                                      6. D. millettii

8b.       Leaflets longer than 2 cm (except D. hancei leaflets 7–13, 1–2 cm), less numerous 3–15.

14a.     Leaflets 3–5.

15a.     Leaflets suborbicular or obcordate, apex rounded, cuspidate, both surfaces glabrous, adaxially shiny when old; teeth of calyx unequal, the lowest lanceolate, longer than others; pods faintly reticulate opposite the seeds .................................................................................  7. D. sissoo

15b.     Leaflets ovate, apices obtuse, slightly emarginate, abaxially densely rusty pubescent, adaxially glabrous, not shiny (?dull) when old; teeth of calyx subequal, triangular; pods distinctly reticulate throughout .......................................................................................  8. D. henryana

14b.     Leaflets 5–15.

16a.     Pods half-moon-shaped, shorter than 2.5 cm when 1-seeded; inflorescence subsessile; woody climbers in coastal region ..........................................................  9. D. candenatensis

16b.     Pods oblong, ligulate-oblong, or strap-shaped, longer than 3 cm; inflorescence pedunculate; not coastal plants.

17a.     Calyx teeth subequal, triangular, broadly triangular, or ovate-triangular.

18a.     Leaflets 1–2 cm; ovary shortly stipitate; standard erect, not reflexed
......................................................................................................  10. D. hancei

18b.     Leaflets exceeding 3.5 cm; ovary long stipitate; standard reflexed.

19a.     Leaflets ovate-lanceolate, apices acute, 7–10 cm ......................  11. D. kingiana

19b.     Leaflets ovate, elliptic, or oblong, apices obtuse, rounded, or emarginate, 3.5–6 cm.

20a.     Climbers; leaflets 5–7, bases cuneate; standard elliptic, base shortly auriculate  12. D. benthami

20b.     Trees; leaflets 9–13, bases rounded; standard orbicular, base not auriculate  13. D. burmanica

17b.     Calyx teeth unequal, the lowest distinctly longer than others, usually lanceolate.

21a.     Leaflets 2–4 Χ 1–2 cm.

22a.     Climbers; leaflets with bases cuneate, veinlets distinctly prominently reticulate on both surfaces; standard orbicular ....................................................................  14. D. dyeriana

22b.     Large trees; leaflets with bases rounded or obtuse, veinlets inconspicuously reticulate; standard obcordate .....................................................................................  15. D. fusca

21b.     Leaflets 4–14 Χ 2–8 cm (except 18. D. odorifera sometimes as small as 2.5 cm long).

23a.     Apices of leaflets rounded, slightly emarginate.

24a.     Leaflets oblong, elliptic-oblong, or ovate, 2.5–5(–7.5) Χ 1.2–2(–3.3), both surfaces appressed puberulous, abaxially more densely so on midrib; standard obovate-oblong  16. D. yunnanensis

24b.     Leaflets elliptic, obovate, or suborbicular, 5–14 Χ 4.5–8 cm, both surfaces glabrous; standard oblong
...........................................................................................  17. D. obtusifolia

23b.     Apices of leaflets acuminate or acute.

25a.     Leaflets glabrous on both surfaces; pods opposite the seeds distinctly elevated, inconspicuously reticulate
.............................................................................................  18. D. odorifera

25b.     Leaflets sparsely hairy; pods reticulate throughout and conspicuously so, opposite the seeds, slightly prominent ......................................................................  19. D. rimosa

[??alphabetize species order instead??]
1. Dalbergia tsoi Merrill & W. Y. Chun, Sunyatsenia 2: 244. 1935.

hong guo huang tan

Woody climbers. Leaves 8–10 cm; rachis pubescent; leaflets 17–27; petiolules ca. 1 mm; blades elliptic to oblong, 10–17(–30) Χ 5–8(–14) cm, both surfaces appressed pubescent, veins and veinlets obscure, base rounded or broadly cuneate, apex rounded, emarginate. Panicles axillary; branches few, corymbose; flowers minute, ca. 3.5 mm; pedicels 1–1.5 mm, puberulous as are the calyx and bracteoles; bracts of flowers orbicular; bracteoles persistent, suborbicular. Calyx campanulate, 5-toothed; teeth ciliate, lowest lanceolate, longer than others, others elliptic, apex rounded or obtuse. Corolla ca. 3 mm; standard transversely elliptic, emarginate, base cuneate and attenuate to a short, broad claw; wing- and keel-petals oblong, auriculate, each with narrow claw ca. 0.8 mm. Stamens 9, monadelphous. Ovary [??elliptic] oblong, hairy along lower suture, stipe hairy; stigma capitate. Pod usually reddish brown when dry, oblong or linear, compressed, 5–7 Χ 1.2–2 cm, distinctly strongly reticulate throughout or opposite the seeds, with rounded apiculate tip, 1- or rarely 2-seeded; seed reniform, compressed, ca. 9 Χ 5 mm. Fl. Apr, fr.??.

* Dense forests, ravines; elevation??. Hainan.

2. Dalbergia pinnata (Loureiro) Prain, Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. (Calcutta) 10: 48. 1904.

xie ye huang tan

Derris pinnata Loureiro, Fl. Cochinch. 432. 1790; Dalbergia tamarindifolia Roxburgh.

Trees or sometimes shrubby climbers, with long, flexuose branches. Young branchlets puberulous. Leaves 12–15 cm; rachis and petiole densely puberulous as are the short petiolules; stipules lanceolate, ca. 5 mm, puberulous; leaflets 21–42, trapezoid-oblong, small, 12–18 Χ 5–7.5 mm, moderately firmly papery, both surfaces puberulous, at length abaxially glaucous, adaxially glabrescent, base asymmetrical, apex rounded, slightly emarginate. Panicles axillary, congested, with ± corymb-like branches, 1.5–5 Χ 1.2–2.5 cm; peduncles short, as are the branches and pedicels densely puberulous; bracts and bracteoles persistent, ovate, puberulous. Flowers small, ca. 6 mm. Calyx campanulate, ca. 3 mm, outside puberulous or glabrescent; teeth ovate, upper 2 subconnate. Corolla white; petals long clawed; standard reflexed, ovate; wing-petals with sagittate base, keel-petals united above, blade hastate on upper side below. Stamens 9 or 10, monadelphous. Ovary stipitate, glabrous; ovules 2 or 3. Pod brown and shiny when dry, oblong-ligulate, thin, 2.5–6 Χ 1–1.4 cm, glabrous, uniformly finely reticulate, base attenuate to long, slender stipe, acute, 1–4-seeded; seed narrow, ca. 18 Χ 4 mm. Fl. Jan–Feb, fr.??.

Dense forests; below 1400 m. Guangxi, Hainan, Xizang, Yunnan [Indonesia (Java), Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Thailand, Vietnam].

3. Dalbergia peishaensis W. Y. Chun & T. C. Chen, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 7: 24. 1958.

bai sha huang tan

Woody climbers, with glabrous stems; young shoots sparsely puberulous. Leaves 10–14 cm; petiole puberulous; leaflets 21–31; petiolules ca. 1 mm, puberulous; blades oblong, small, 8–15 Χ 3–6 mm, membranous, both surfaces appressed silky pubescent, base rounded or cuneate, somewhat slightly oblique, apex obtuse to rounded, cuspidate. Panicles axillary, 3–5 Χ 3–4 cm, rusty pubescent; peduncles 1–2 cm; flowers minute, 2.5–3 mm, aggregated at apices of the few branches of inflorescence; bracts of flowers ovate, minute, ca. 0.8 mm, apex acute; bracteoles oblong, larger than basal two; pedicels ca. 1 mm. Calyx shallowly campanulate, ca. 1 mm, 5-toothed; teeth unequal, lowest broadly ovate, upper pair half-orbicular, larger than lateral ones, lateral two ovate. Corolla white; petals subequal in length, shortly clawed; standard transverely elliptic, base subhastate, apex emarginate; wing-petals obovate-oblong; keel-petals broadly elliptic, base of blade auriculate. Stamens 10, monadelphous. Ovary stipitate, oblanceolate, glabrous except on lower suture, 3-ovuled; style short. Pod oblong, finely reticulate throughout. Fl. Apr, fr.??.

* Dense forests; elevation??. Hainan.

4. Dalbergia stenophylla Prain, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 70: 56. 1901.

xia ye huang tan

Dalbergia cavaleriei H. Lιveillι.

Woody climbers. Branchlets dark brown or nearly blackish when dry, glabrous or sparsely puberulous. Leaves 4–6(–10) cm; rachis and petiole sparsely puberulous; stipules caducous, ovate; leaflets 31–41; petiolules short, subglabrous; blades narrowly linear-oblong, ca. 12 Χ 3 mm, both surfaces appressed sparsely puberulous when young, soon glabrous except abaxially on midrib, apex obtuse or rounded. Panicles axillary, 4–6 cm; peduncles, rachis, branches, and pedicels puberulous; flowers small, 3–4 mm; bracteoles puberulous; basal persistent, lanceolate; bracteoles embracing lower third of calyx tube, deciduous. Calyx campanulate, ca. 1.5 mm, sparsely puberulous; teeth short, upper pair obtuse, lateral acute, lowest longer than others, broadly lanceolate. Corolla white or pale yellow; petals shortly clawed; standard broadly ovate to suborbicular, emarginate; wing-petals oblong; keel-petals obovate; blade hastate on upper side below. Stamens 9, monadelphous; filaments alternately shorter and longer. Ovary long stipitate, sparsely pubescent along sutures, 3-ovuled; style short; stigma small. Pod ligulate to strap-shaped, 2.5–5 Χ ca. 0.75 cm, base attenuate to distinct stipe, apex subacute, 1- or 2-seeded; seed reniform, compressed. Fl. May–Jun, fr.??.

Among bushes in wet ravines; elevation??. Guangxi, Guizhou, Hubei, Sichuan [Vietnam].

5. Dalbergia mimosoides Franchet, Pl. Delavay. 1: 187. 1889.

xiang bi teng

Dalbergia millettii Bentham var. mimosoides (Franchet) Thothathri.

Shrubs 4–6 m tall, with many spreading branches. Young shoots densely brown tomentose. Leaves 6–8(–10) cm; rachis, petiole, and petiolules densely pubescent initially, gradually glabrescent; stipules caducous, ovate, membranous; leaflets 21–35, linear-oblong, small, 6–12(–18) Χ 5–6 mm, both surfaces finely rusty pubescent especially abaxially on midrib when young, glabrous or nearly so when old, finely reticulate veinlets blackish when dry, base rounded or broadly cuneate, margin of young leaflets of flowering branches obscurely undulate, apex truncate, obtuse, or emarginate. Panicles axillary, shorter than leaves, 1–1.5 cm, with corymbose branches; peduncles, rachis, branches, and pedicels appressed pubescent; flowers small, ca. 5 mm, slightly compact; bracteoles deciduous, ovate, pubescent. Calyx campanulate, sparsely puberulous; teeth ciliate, ovate except lowest lanceolate. Corolla white or pale yellow; petals shortly clawed; standard oblong-obovate, emarginate; wing-petals obovate-oblong; keel-petals elliptic. Stamens 9, occasionally 10, monadelphous; filaments alternately longer and shorter. Ovary stipitate, glabrous except lower suture sparsely pilose, 2- or 3-ovuled; style short; stigma small. Pod oblong to strap-shaped, 3–6 Χ 1–2 cm, leathery, glabrous, reticulate opposite the 1 seed, rarely 2-seeded, base obtuse or cuneate, stipitate, apex acute; seed reniform, compressed, ca. 10 Χ 6 mm. Fl. Apr–May, fr.??.

* Lax forests, ravines, among bushes on mountain slopes; 800–2000 m. ??Guizhou, Hubei, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Xizang, Yunnan, ??Zhejiang.

6. Dalbergia millettii Bentham, J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 4(Suppl.): 34. 1860.

xiang gang huang tan

Woody climbers. Branches sometimes hooked, blackish when dry, glabrous. Leaves 4–5 cm; stipules caducous, narrowly lanceolate, 2–3 mm; petiole and petiolules glabrous; leaflets 23–35, small, closely set, linear or narrowly oblong, (4–)10–15 Χ (2–)3–5 mm, both surfaces glabrous, apex truncate, sometimes emarginate, base rounded or obtuse, somewhat emarginate, somewhat unequal at two sides; distal leaflets often obovate or obovate-oblong, base cuneate. Panicles axillary, compact, 1–1.5 cm; peduncles, rachis, and branches very sparsely puberulous; pedicels very short; flowers minute, 2.5–3 mm; bracts of flowers persistent; bracteoles deciduous, ovate, ciliate, embracing lower third of calyx tube. Calyx campanulate, ca. 1 mm, nearly glabrous; teeth short, subequal, lateral ovate; upper two rounded, subconnate, obtuse except for lowest; lowest triangular, acute. Corolla white; petals shortly clawed; standard orbicular, emarginate; wing-petals ovate-oblong; keel-petals oblong. Stamens 9, monadelphous. Ovary stipitate, sparsely pilose, 2- or 3-ovuled; style short; stigma small. Pod stipitate, oblong to linear, compressed, 4–6 Χ 1.2–1.6 cm, glabrous, leathery, reticulate veined throughout, but more conspicuously so opposite the 1 seed, rarely 2-seeded, base broadly cuneate, apex obtuse or rounded; seed reniform, compressed, 8–12 Χ ca. 6 mm. Fl. May, fr.??.

* Lax or dense forests, ravines; 300–800 m. Guangdong, Guangxi, Shaanxi, ??Zhejiang.

7. Dalbergia sissoo Roxburgh ex de Candolle, Prodr. 2: 416. 1825.

yin du huang tan

Trees, with rough, gray bark. Branches numerous, horizontally spreading; young shoots pubescent. Leaves 12–15 cm; stipules caducous, lanceolate; leaflets 3–5; petiolules 8–10 mm, initially puberulous, ultimately glabrous; blades pale green when young, shiny when old, suborbicular, occasionally rhomboid-obovate, 3.5–6 cm, puberulous when young, glabrous when old, apex rounded, shortly caudate. Panicles axillary, short, ca. 7 cm; rachis and bracteoles puberulous; flowers nearly sessile, fragrant; bracts of flowers caducous, lanceolate. Calyx campanulate, 6–7 mm, enclosed within 2 large, broadly ovate, membranous, very caducous bracteoles, outside puberulous, 5-toothed; teeth shorter than tube; upper pair rounded; lateral two subacute, shorter than lowest; lowest rather narrowly lanceolate. Corolla yellowish white; petals rather long clawed; standard broadly obovate, emarginate; wing- and keel-petals oblanceolate, base without auricles, cuneate, attenuate to claw. Stamens 9, monadelphous. Ovary oblong, pubescent, with rather long stipe ca. 4.5 mm, 4–6-ovuled; style very short; stigma capitate. Pod pale brown when dry, linear-oblong to strap-shaped, 4–8 Χ 0.6–1.2 cm, leathery, glabrous, faintly veined opposite the 1 or 2(or 3) seeds; seed reniform, compressed. Fl. Mar–Apr, fr.??. 2n = 20*.

* Cultivated. Fujian, Guangdong, Hainan, ??Taiwan, ??Zhejiang.

8. Dalbergia henryana Prain, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 70: 46. 1901.

meng zi huang tan

Woody climbers, large. Young shoots densely rusty pubescent. Leaves 12–22 cm; rachis, petiole, and petiolules densely rusty pubescent; leaflets 4 or 5, blackish brown adaxially, ovate, 6–8.5 Χ 3.5–4 cm, leathery, abaxially densely appressed rusty pubescent, adaxially glabrous, somewhat shiny, base cuneate or rounded, apex obtuse, sometimes emarginate, acute when young; terminal leaflets largest. Panicles axillary, lax, (3.5–)6–8.5 cm; peduncle short, ca. 1 cm, rusty puberulous as are the rachis, branches, and pedicels; flowers 5–6 mm; bracts of flowers and bracteoles deciduous, ovate, puberulous, obtuse. Calyx campanulate, 3–4 mm, outside rusty tomentose; 5-toothed; lowest teeth longest, lanceolate; others subequal, triangular, obtuse; upper two subconnate. Corolla white; petals long clawed; standard reflexed, suborbicular, slightly emarginate; wing-petals and keel-petals auriculate at base, wing-petals oblong. Stamens 9, monadelphous; filaments free in their upper fourth and alternately shorter and longer. Ovary long stipitate, puberulous as is stipe, 2-ovuled; style subulate, slender; stigma minute. Pod yellowish brown when dry, ligulate to strap-shaped, thinly leathery, finely reticulate throughout, somewhat shiny, 1- or 2-seeded. Fl.??, fr.??

* Dense forests on mountain slopes, in bushes at bases of mountains; 700–1300 m. ??Guizhou, SE Yunnan.

9. Dalbergia candenatensis (Dennstedt) Prain, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 70: 49. 1901.

wan zhi huang tan

Cassia candenatensis Dennstedt in Schlόssel, Hortus Malab. 32. 1818; Dalbergia monosperma Dalzell; D. torta Graham, nom. nud.

Woody climbers. Branches blackish when dry, glabrous, apex often twisting and spirally hooked. Leaves 6–7.5 cm; leaflets (3–)5–7; petiolules ca. 1.5 mm, slightly puberulous or subglabrous; blades dark green adaxially, obovate-oblong, 1.5–3 Χ 1–2 cm, abaxially glaucous and very sparsely appressed puberulous, adaxially glabrous, base cuneate, sometimes subrounded, apex rounded or obtuse, sometimes emarginate. Panicles axillary, 2.5–5 cm, subsessile or with very short peduncles; branches slightly puberulous; bracts of flowers ovate-lanceolate; bracteoles larger than bracts of flowers, broadly ovate, embracing lower third of calyx tube. Calyx broadly campanulate, subglabrous; teeth subequal, broadly triangular to ovate, obtuse; upper pair subconnate. Corolla white; petals long clawed; standard reflexed, oblong; wing-petals obovate-oblong, sagittate on upper side; keel-petals oblong, united above, auriculate on upper side below. Stamens 9 or occasionally 10, monadelphous. Ovary stipitate, oblong, glabrous, 1(or 2)-ovuled; style subulate, slender; stigma small. Pod shortly stipitate, half-moon-shaped, compressed, 2–2.4 cm when 1-seeded, 3.5–4 cm when 2-seeded, 1–1.2 cm wide, firmly leathery, ventral suture straight, dorsal suture arcuate, faintly reticulate throughout, not prominent opposite the seeds; seed reniform, compressed, ca. 6 Χ 3 mm. Fl.??, fr.??

Coastal areas, climbing on trees in forests; elevation??. SE and SW Guangdong, SW Guangxi [Bangladesh, Cambodia, Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam].

10. Dalbergia hancei Bentham, J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 4(Suppl.): 44. 1860.

teng huang tan

Woody climbers, with slender branches. Young shoots slightly pubescent; branchlets sometimes hooked or twisted. Leaves 5–8 cm; stipules caducous, lanceolate, membranous; leaflets 7–13, pale green abaxially, narrowly oblong or obovate-oblong, 10–20 Χ 5–10 mm, both surfaces initially sparsely appressed pubescent, abaxially persistently pubescent, adaxially soon glabrous, base rounded or broadly cuneate, apex obtuse or rounded, emarginate. Flowers small, in axillary, compact, short panicles; bracts early deciduous, scaly, boat-shaped, imbricate, enclosing young inflorescence; pedicels 1–2 mm; bracteoles deciduous, rusty puberulous; basal minute, lanceolate; bracteoles ovate, enclosing base of calyx tube. Calyx broadly campanulate, ca. 3 mm, outside rusty puberulous; teeth broadly triangular, very short, ciliate, obtuse or rounded except for lowest; lowest rather longer, acute. Corolla greenish white, fragrant, ca. 6 mm, rather long clawed; standard elliptic, emarginate, subtruncate base of blade auriculate, attenuate to broad claw, wing-petals and keel-petals oblong. Stamens 9 or sometimes 10, monadelphous, sometimes with a free vexillary stamen. Ovary shortly stipitate, linear, glabrous except for ciliate ventral suture; style short; stigma small. Pod distinctly stipitate, oblong or strap-shaped, compressed, 3–7 Χ 0.8–1.4 cm, glabrous, 1-seeded, rarely 2–4-seeded; seed reniform, compressed, ca. 8 Χ 5 mm. Fl.??, fr.?? 2n = 20*.

* In bushes on mountain slopes, by streams along valleys; elevation??. Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Zhejiang.

11. Dalbergia kingiana Prain, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 67: 289. 1898.

dian nan huang tan

Shrubs. Branches puberulous, lenticellate, soon glabrous. Leaves 17–20 cm; rachis and petiole initially puberulous, later glabrous; leaflets 7–9; petiolules initially finely puberulous, ultimately glabrescent; blades abaxially pale green, ovate-lanceolate, 7–10 Χ 3–4 cm, lowest rather smaller than others, leathery, abaxially sparsely puberulous when young, soon glabrous, adaxially glabrous, base cuneate, apex acute. Panicles axillary, short, 5–7 Χ ca. 5 cm; branches broadly spreading; peduncle, rachis, branches, and short pedicels rusty tomentose; bracts of flowers deciduous, ovate-lanceolate, obtuse; bracteoles spatulate-lanceolate. Calyx campanulate, extremely rusty tomentose; teeth subequal, triangular; upper two subconnate, broader. Corolla white; petals long clawed; standard reflexed, orbicular; keel-petals half-moon-shaped, auriculate as are the elliptic wing-petals. Stamens 9, monadelphous. Ovary long stipitate, oblong, glabrous, 2-ovuled; style subulate, slender; stigma minute. Pod unknown. Fl.??, fr. unknown.

* Mountain slopes; ca. 1300 m. Yunnan (Szemao).

12. Dalbergia benthamii Prain, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 67: 289. 1898 [“benthami”].

liang yue huang tan

Large climbing shrubs, occasionally erect, with long, black, glabrous branches. Leaves 12–17 cm; rachis and petiole appressed puberulous; leaflets 5–7, ovate or elliptic, 3.5–6 Χ 1.5–3 cm, subleathery, abaxially glaucous, minutely appressed puberulous, adaxially glabrous, base cuneate, apex obtuse, emarginate. Panicles axillary, ca. 4 Χ 2.5 cm, short peduncle and slender pedicels ca. 2.5 mm, rusty tomentose; flowers ca. 8 mm, fragrant; bracts of flowers deciduous, oblong; bracteoles persistent, lanceolate. Calyx campanulate, outside rusty tomentose; teeth subequal, ovate-triangular, obtuse. Corolla white; petals long clawed; standard reflexed, elliptic, base shortly auriculate, emarginate; wing-petals obovate-oblong, incurved auriculate on upper side below as are the half-moon-shaped keel-petals; keel-petals with claw ca. as long as calyx. Stamens 9, monadelphous. Ovary long stipitate, glabrous, 2- or 3-ovuled; style subulate. Pod ligulate-oblong, 5–7.5 Χ ca. 1.5 cm, thinly leathery, 1- or 2-seeded; seed reniform, compressed, ca. 11 Χ 5 mm. Fl. Feb–Apr, fr.??.

Sparse forests, in bushes, climbing on trees; elevation??. Guangdong, Guangxi, ??Guizhou, Hainan, ??Taiwan [Vietnam].

13. Dalbergia burmanica Prain, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 66: 448. 1897.

mian dian huang tan

Trees 7–10 m tall, with spreading branches, or occasionally climbers. Branches densely rusty puberulous. Leaves 12–17 cm; stipules very caducous, lanceolate, small; leaflets 9–13; petiolules 2–3 mm; blades narrowly ovate, acute when young, oblong, obtuse when full-grown, (2.5–)4–6 Χ 1.5–2 cm, lowest rather smaller than others, membranous, both surfaces initially silky pubescent, ultimately sparsely pubescent abaxially, subglabrous adaxially, base slightly unequal, apex rounded or emarginate. Panicles ?? Calyx?? Corolla?? Standard orbicular, not auriculate. Stamens?? Ovary?? Pod distinctly stipitate, rounded at both ends at maturity, reticulate throughout, 1- or 2-seeded; seed narrowly oblong, compressed, 10–12 Χ 6–7 mm. Fl. Apr, fr??.

Mountain slopes, broad-leaved forests, by streams; 600–1700 m. ??Guizhou, Yunnan [Myanmar].

14. Dalbergia dyeriana Prain ex Harms, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 29: 416. 1900 [where did Harms publish this??, nom. nud. on this page]. [??check Flore du Cambodge, du Laos et du Vietnam] [IPNI has Prain, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. lxx. 44]

da jin gang teng

Large woody climbers, with rather slender, glabrous branchlets. Leaves 7–13 cm; leaflets (7–)9–15; petiolules 2–2.5 mm; blades obovate-oblong or oblong, 2.5–4(–5) Χ 1–2(–2.5) cm, thinly leathery, abaxially sparsely appressed pubescent, adaxially glabrous, shiny, veinlets finely, closely reticulate, prominent on both surfaces, apex rounded or retuse, occasionally emarginate. Panicles axillary, lax, few flowered, 3–5 Χ ca. 3 cm; peduncle, branches, and pedicels puberulous; pedicels 1.5–3 mm; bracts of flowers and bracteoles deciduous, oblong and lanceolate. Calyx campanulate, puberulous, soon glabrous; teeth triangular, obtuse; upper two widest; lowest longer than others, subacute. Corolla yellowish white; petals slightly long clawed; standard oblong, emarginate; wing-petals ovate-oblong, without auricles; keel-petals narrowly oblong, shortly auriculate on upper side below. Stamens 9, monadelphous; filaments free in their upper fourth. Ovary shortly stipitate, puberulous or subglabrous, 1–3-ovuled; style short, glabrous; stigma small. Pod distinctly stipitate, oblong or strap-shaped, compressed, 5–6(–9) Χ 1.2–2 cm, thinly leathery, finely but distinctly reticulate opposite the 1(or 2) seeds, base cuneate, apex rounded, obtuse or acute, with apiculate tip; seed oblong-reniform, ca. 10 Χ 5 mm. Fl. May, fr.??.

* Mountain slopes, in bushes and thickets, along valleys; 700–1500 m. Gansu, ??Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang.

15. Dalbergia fusca Pierre, Fl. Cochinch. 5: t. 381A. 1899; [or Pierre ex Prain, Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. (Calcutta) 10: 56. 1904??]. [see Flore CLV: synonym of D. cultrata Grah. ex Benth. distribution: Myanmar, Laos, Vietnam] [where published??] Kai Larsen: D. fusca: I am not able here to evaluate whether the the Chinese material support the reestablishment of the species or we should follow Fl. CLV. Please check this again. Anyway a note would be needed.

hei huang tan

Dalbergia fusca var. enneandra S. Q. Zou & J. H. Liu.

Trees. Wood red; branches slender, slightly finely appressed puberulous, glabrescent, lenticellate. Leaves 10–15 cm; stipules caducous; leaflets (7–)11–13, ovate or elliptic, 2–4 Χ 1.2–2 cm, leathery, abaxially appressed pubescent, adaxially glabrous, base obtuse or rounded, apex rounded or emarginate, cuspidate. Panicles axillary and infra-axillary, 4–5 cm; branches 2–3 cm, pubescent; bracteoles linear, ca. 1 mm, acute; pedicels ca. 2 mm, slender, puberulous. Calyx campanulate, 5-toothed; upper 2 teeth rounded, subconnate; lateral 2 teeth broadly triangular, acute; lowest 1/2 longer than others. Corolla white; petals rather long clawed; standard broadly obcordate; wing-petals elliptic; keel-petals arcuate. Stamens 10, occasionally 9, monadelphous. Ovary stipitate, glabrous, 3-ovuled. Pod stipitate, oblong to strap-shaped, 6–10 Χ 0.9–1.5 cm, thinly leathery, finely reticulate opposite the 1 or 2 seeds, both ends obtuse; seed reniform, compressed, ca. 10 Χ 6 mm. Fl.??, fr.??

Habitat??; elevation?? Yunnan (Szemao) [Myanmar, Laos, Vietnam].

 

16. Dalbergia yunnanensis Franchet, Pl. Delavay. 1: 187. 1889.

dian qian huang tan

Woody climbers, large, sometimes erect shrubs or small trees, with subsarmentose stems and numerous spreading branches, some of which occasionally reduced to spiral-hooked. Leaves 20–30 cm; rachis puberulous; stipules caducous; leaflets (13–)15–19; petiolules ca. 5 mm, pubescent; blades oblong, elliptic-oblong, or ovate, 2.5–5(–7.5) Χ 1–2(–3.3) cm, subleathery or membranous, both surfaces finely appressed pubescent, abaxially more densely so on midrib, both ends rounded, occasionally apex obtuse, emarginate. Panicles terminal, often extending into axils of upper leaves, compact, cymose; peduncles and branches puberulous; flowers shortly pedicellate; bracteoles deciduous, ovate, membranous. Calyx campanulate, outside sparsely pubescent, 5-toothed; teeth with ciliate margins; lowest oblong, apex rounded, longer than others; others subequal and as long as tube; upper two subconnate. Corolla white; standard broadly obovate-oblong, emarginate, the cuneate base attenuate to short, broad claw; wing-petals obovate-oblong; keel-petals half-moon-shaped, shortly auriculate on upper side below, long, narrowly clawed as are the wing-petals. Stamens 9, monadelphous; filaments free in their upper side, alternately shorter and longer. Ovary long stipitate, glabrous or puberulous along suture, 2- or 3-ovuled; style short; stigma capitate. Pod oblong or elliptic, 3.5–6.5 Χ 2–2.5 cm, leathery, glabrous, distinctly reticulate opposite the 1 seed or occasionally 2 or 3 seeds; seed orbicular-reniform, compressed, ca. 12 Χ 7 mm. Fl. Apr–May, fr.??

Thickets, thin forests, mountain slopes; 1400–2200 m. Guangxi, Guizhou, Sichuan, Yunnan [Myanmar].

1a. Leaflets subleathery, oblong or elliptic-oblong, 2.5–5(–7.5) Χ 1.2–2(–3.3) cm; inflorescence ca. 15 Χ 7.5 cm; pod acute or obtuse at apex ..........................................................  16a. var. yunnanensis

1b. Leaflets membranous, ovate, apex rounded or ovate-lanceolate, apex obtuse, 2.5–3.5 Χ 1–1.2 cm; inflorescence ca. 10 Χ 5 cm; pod with sharp tip at apex ......................................  16b. var. colletti

16a. Dalbergia yunnanensis var. yunnanensis

dian qian huang tan (yuan bian zhong)

Leaflets oblong or elliptic-oblong, 2.5–5(–7) Χ 1.2–2(–3.3) cm, subleathery. Inflorescence in axils of upper leaves, ca. 15 Χ 7.5 cm. Pod acute or obtuse at apex, 1(–3)-seeded. Fl. Apr–May.

* Thickets, thin forests, mountain slopes; 1400–2200 m. Guangxi, Guizhou, Sichuan, Yunnan.

16b. Dalbergia yunnanensis var. collettii (Prain) Thothathri, Bull. Bot. Surv. India 25: 171. 1983, publ. 1985.

gao yuan huang tan

Dalbergia collettii Prain, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 66: 445. 1897.

Leaflets membranous, ovate, apex rounded, or leaflets ovate-lanceolate, apex obtuse, 2.5–3.5 Χ 1–1.2 cm. Inflorescence terminal or in axils of upper leaves, ca. 10 Χ 5 cm. Pod 1-seeded.

Habitat??; elevation?? Yunnan [Myanmar].

17. Dalbergia obtusifolia (Baker) Prain, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 70: 42. 1901.

dun ye huang tan

Dalbergia ovata Graham ex Bentham var. obtusifolia Baker in J. D. Hooker, Fl. Brit. India 2: 231. 1876; D. glauca Kurz.

Trees 13–17 m tall, with spreading branches. Young shoots pendulous, glabrous. Leaves 20–30 cm; stipules early caducous; leaflets 5–7; petiolules ca. 5 mm; blades shiny and greenish adaxially, pale green or glaucous abaxially, elliptic or obovate, sometimes the basal suborbicular, the terminal largest, 5–14 Χ 4.5–8 cm, subleathery, both surfaces glabrous, both ends rounded, or sometimes apex emarginate, base broadly cuneate. Panicles terminal or axillary, 15–20 Χ 12–15 cm; peduncles and pedicels yellowish puberulous; bracts and bracteoles ovate, puberulous; bracteoles ca. 1/2 as long as calyx, caducous. Calyx campanulate, 5-toothed; teeth ovate, shorter than tube, obtuse; lowest teeth slightly longer than others. Corolla pale yellow; petals slightly long stipitate; standard oblong, emarginate; wing- and arcuate keel-petals with downward short auricles on upper side below. Stamens 10, monadelphous; filaments alternately shorter and longer. Ovary elliptic, glabrous, long stipitate, 3-ovuled; style long; stigma small. Pod oblong to strap-shaped, 4–8 Χ 1–1.5 cm, leathery, distinctly reticulate opposite the 1 or 2 seeds; seed reniform, ca. 10 Χ 6 mm; seed coat brown, smooth.

* Open forests, mountain slopes, in bushes at riversides; 800–1300 m. ??Guizhou, S Yunnan.

18. Dalbergia odorifera T. C. Chen, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 8: 351. 1963.

xiang xiang huang tan

Trees 10–15 m tall, glabrous except young shoots, inflorescence, and ovary puberulous. Bark brown or pale brown, rough, longitudinally splitting; branchlets with small, dense lenticels. Leaves 12–25 cm; stipules caducous; petiole 1.5–3 cm; leaflets (7–)9–11(–13); petiolules 3–5 mm; blades ovate or elliptic, (2.5–)4–7(–9) Χ 2–3.5 cm, the distal the largest, basal pair ca. 1/3 as long as distal, subleathery, base rounded or broadly cuneate, apex acuminate or acute, obtuse. Panicles axillary, 8–10 Χ 6–7 cm; peduncles 3–5 cm; flowers ca. 5 mm, initially aggregated at apices of corymbose branches of inflorescence, lax afterward; bracts of flowers subtriangular, ca. 0.5 mm; bracteoles broadly ovate, ca. as long as pedicels ca. 1 mm. Calyx campanulate, ca. 2 mm, 5-toothed; lowest teeth lanceolate, longer than others; other teeth broadly ovate, acute. Corolla creamy white or pale yellowish; petals subequal, clawed; standard obcordate, ca. 5 mm including claw, ca. 3 mm wide, apex truncate, emarginate; wing-petals oblong; keel-petals half-moon-shaped, arcuate on lower side. Stamens 9, monadelphous. Ovary narrowly elliptic, 1- or 2-ovuled, with long stipe ca. 2.5 mm. Pod ligulate-oblong, 4.5–8 Χ 1.5–1.8 cm, leathery, reticulation?? distinctly prominent opposite the 1(or 2) seeds, slightly pubescent at base, apex obtuse or acute, base abruptly narrowed to slender stipe 5–10 mm. Fl.??, fr.??

* Open forests, mountain slopes, forest margins, wastelands beside villages; elevation??. ??Fujian, Hainan, ??Zhejiang.

19. Dalbergia rimosa Roxburgh, Fl. Ind. ed. 1832, 3: 233. 1832.

duo lie huang tan

!!add Dalbergia discolor Blume ex Miquel.

Woody climbers, sometimes erect shrubs or small trees, 4–6(–10) m tall. Leaves 10–20 cm; rachis and petiole puberulous; leaflets 5–9; petiolules puberulous; blades ovate, obovate, or elliptic, (3–)5–8 Χ (2–)2.5–5 cm, firmly papery, abaxially sparsely puberulous, adaxially glabrous and with dense, prominent veinlets, base rounded or broadly cuneate, apex acute, obtuse, or emarginate, cuspidate. Panicles terminal or sometimes extending into axils of uppermost leaves, with cymose, dichotomous branches, 5–25 Χ 4–12 cm; flowers minute, ca. 3 mm; bracts of flowers and bracteoles persistent, ovate-lanceolate, ca. 1/2 as long as calyx tube. Calyx campanulate, 5-toothed; teeth subequal, rounded or obtuse except lowest rather longer and lanceolate. Corolla white or yellowish green; petals shortly stipitate; standard obovate-oblong, emarginate; wing-petals obovate or elliptic; keel-petals half-moon-shaped. Stamens 9, sometimes 10, monadelphous. Ovary stipitate, oblong, puberulous, 1- or 2-ovuled; style short. Pod oblong or sometimes elliptic, 5–8 Χ 2–4 cm, leathery, glabrous, reticulate throughout but strongly so opposite the 1, rarely 2 seeds, base broadly cuneate, apex acute or obtuse; seed reniform, much compressed, ca. 12 Χ 6 mm; seed coat brown, shiny. Fl. Apr–May, fr.??.

Open forests, mountain slopes, ravines, riversides; 800–1700 m. Guangxi, Yunnan [NE India, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam].

20. Dalbergia stipulacea Roxburgh, Fl. Ind. ed. 1832, 3: 233. 1832.

tuo ye huang tan

Woody climbers, large, sometimes small trees, with spreading branches and brown bark. Leaves 15–20 cm; stipules early caducous, ovate-lanceolate to lanceolate, membranous; leaflets 17–21; petiolules 1.5–2 mm; blades oblong to obovate-oblong, 2.8–3.5 Χ 1–1.2(–2) cm, lowest sometimes elliptic, 1.2–1.5 Χ ca. 1 cm, thinly papery, abaxially appressed sparsely puberulous, adaxially glabrous, base broadly cuneate or rounded, apex acute, ultimately rounded or obtuse, sometimes emarginate. Panicles in axils of leaves, which at apices of branchlets rising among clustered, scale-like, early deciduous bracts; peduncle, rachis, branches, and bracts appressed brown pubescent, lower part of inflorescence with many, scattered, ovate, membranous, empty bracts; bracts of flowers smaller than inflorescence bracts; bracteoles obovate, enclosing 2/3 of calyx. Calyx campanulate, puberulous; teeth ovate, shorter than tube except lowest ca. as long as the tube. Corolla pale blue or pale purplish red; petals distinctly clawed; standard orbicular, slightly emarginate; wing-petals with downward auricles on upper side below. Stamens 10, in two lateral bundles of 5 each. Ovary glabrous except for pubescent long stipe, 1(or 2)-ovuled; style slender; stigma small. Pod broadly ligulate to ovate or elliptic, (6.5–)9–11 Χ 3.2(–4) cm, glabrous, firmly leathery, not veined except sometimes opposite the seed where mesocarp is much suberosely thickened, base cuneate or rounded, apex obtuse or rounded, 1-seeded, very rarely 2-seeded; seed reniform, ca. 15 Χ 8 mm. Fl. Apr, fr.??.

Open forests, ravines to mountain summits, mountain forests; up to 1000 m. Yunnan [Cambodia, NE India, Indochina, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam].

21. Dalbergia assamica Bentham in Miquel, Pl. Jungh. 1: 256. 1852.

yang qing

Dalbergia lanceolaria Linnaeus f. var. assamica (Bentham) Thothathri; D. szemaoensis Prain.

Trees 7–10 m tall, with horizontally spreading branches. Leaves 25–30 cm; stipules caducous, leaflike, ovate to ovate-lanceolate, large, ca. 10 Χ 6 mm; leaflets 13–21; petiolules ca. 5 mm, puberulous, soon glabrous; blades oblong or oblong-elliptic, 3–5(–6) Χ 1.5–2.5(–3) cm, papery, both surfaces sparsely appressed puberulous, but soon glabrous adaxially, both surfaces with close, finely reticulate veins slightly prominent, base rounded or cuneate, apex obtuse, rounded, or emarginate. Panicles axillary, lax, 10–15 Χ 7.5–10 cm; peduncles, branches, and pedicels densely rusty puberulous; bracts of flowers and bracteoles deciduous, ovate, puberulous; flowers 6–8 mm. Calyx campanulate, 5-toothed; lowest teeth longer than tube and ca. 2 Χ as long as triangular, others acute; upper two subconnate. Corolla white, tinged with purple stripes inside; petals long clawed; standard reflexed, orbicular, base slightly thickened, emarginate; wing-petals broadly ovate; keel-petals half-moon-shaped, with downward auricles on upper side as are the wing-petals. Stamens 10, in two lateral bundles of 5 each; filaments free in their upper third, alternately shorter and longer. Ovary stipitate, pubescent, 1–4-ovuled; style subulate, slender; stigma minute. Pod broadly ligulate or oblong to strap-shaped, 5–9 Χ 1.2–1.8(–2.5) cm, leathery, inconspicuously reticulate opposite the 1 or 2(–4) seeds, base attenuate, cuneate, apex acute; seed reniform, compressed, ca. 6 Χ 2.5 mm. Fl. Apr, fr.??.

Open forests on mountain slopes, riversides, wastelands beside villages; 600–1700 m. Guangxi, ??Guizhou, Yunnan [E Himalaya - list countries!!].

22. Dalbergia sericea G. Don, Gen. Hist. 2: 375. 1832.

mao ye huang tan

Dalbergia hircina Bentham [??or Wallich ex Bentham??].

Trees 5–6 m tall. Young shoots silky-puberulous, gradually glabrous. Leaves 15–25 cm; stipules caducous, subfalcate-lanceolate, silky-puberulous; leaflets 17–21, ovate or oblong, 2.5–5 Χ 2–2.5 cm, papery, abaxially rather densely puberulous, adaxially appressed puberulous, base rounded or cuneate, apex slightly obtuse. Panicles axillary, rather shorter than leaves, 2.5–5 Χ 1.2–2 cm; peduncles, branches, and pedicels densely silky-puberulous. Calyx campanulate, densely puberulous, 5-toothed; teeth obtuse, shorter than tube except lowest lanceolate and ca. as long as tube. Corolla white; petals rather long clawed; standard suborbicular, emarginate. Stamens 10, in two lateral bundles of 5 each. Ovary shortly stipitate, pubescent, 4- or 5-ovuled; style slender; stigma small. Pod narrowly ligulate, 2.5–5 Χ 0.6–1 cm, leathery, reticulate opposite the 1–3 seeds, base attenuate to short stipe, apex acute; seed reniform, compressed, ca. 5 Χ 2.5 mm. Fl.??, fr.??

Mountain slopes, roadsides, up to 1600 m. Xizang (Cha-yu) [Bhutan, NE India, Myanmar, Nepal, N Vietnam].

23. Dalbergia hainanensis Merrill & Chun, Sunyatsenia 2: 32. 1934.

hai nan huang tan

Trees 9–16 m tall. Bark dull gray, furrowed; young shoots slightly puberulous. Leaves 15–18 cm; rachis and petiole brown puberulous; leaflets (7–)9–11; petiolules 3–4 mm, brown puberulous; blades ovate or elliptic, 3–5.5 Χ 2–2.5 cm, papery, both surfaces appressed yellowish brown puberulous when young, subglabrous when old, base rounded or broadly cuneate, apex shortly acuminate, obtuse at tip. Panicles axillary, 4–9(–13) Χ 4–10 cm, slightly brown puberulous; flowers small, initially orbicular; bracteoles ovate to suborbicular. Calyx ca. 5 mm, brown puberulous as are the pedicels, 5-toothed; teeth unequal. Corolla pale pink; petals each with long claw 2–2.5 mm; standard obovate-oblong, ca. 9 Χ 5 mm; wing-petals rhombic-oblong, 9–10 Χ ca. 3 mm, with downward auricles on upper side as are shorter keel-petals. Stamens 10, in two lateral bundles of 5 each. Ovary shortly stipitate, linear, densely puberulous except on style, 1–3-ovuled. Pod straight or slightly curved, oblong, oblanceolate, or strap-shaped, 5–9 Χ 1.5–1.8 cm, brown puberulous, obscurely prominent and reticulate opposite the 1(or 2) seeds, base cuneate, attenuate to a short stipe, apex acute; seeds??. Fl.??, fr.??

* Thin or dense forests, mountain slopes; elevation??. Hainan.

24. Dalbergia hupeana Hance, J. Bot. 20: 5. 1882.

huang tan

??Dalbergia hupeana var. bauhiniifolia Pampanini, Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital., n.s., 17: 394. 1910.

Trees 10–20 m tall. Bark dull gray; young shoots pale green, glabrous. Leaves 7–11, elliptic to oblong-elliptic, 3.5–6 Χ 2.5–4 cm, subleathery, both surfaces glabrous, veinlets prominent, shiny adaxially, base rounded or broadly cuneate, apex obtuse or slightly emarginate. Panicles terminal or extending into axils of uppermost leaves, 15–20 Χ 10–20 cm, sparsely rusty puberulous; flowers 6–7 mm; pedicels ca. 5 mm, sparsely rusty puberulous as is the calyx; bracts of flowers and bracteoles deciduous, ovate, pubescent. Calyx campanulate, 2–3 mm, 5-toothed; upper pair of teeth rounded, subconnate; lateral two smaller, ovate; lowest tooth lanceolate, ca. 2 X as long as others. Corolla white or pale purple; petals clawed; standard orbicular, emarginate; wing-petals obovate and half-moon-shaped keel-petals auriculate on upper side below. Stamens 10, in two lateral bundles of 5 each. Ovary shortly stipitate, glabrous except at base and stipe, 2- or 3-ovuled; style slender; stigma capitate, small. Pod oblong or broadly ligulate, 4–7 Χ 1.3–1.5 cm, thinly leathery, reticulate opposite the 1 or 2(or 3) seeds, base attenuate to stipe, apex acute; seed reniform, 7–14 Χ 5–9 mm. Fl. May–Jul, fr.??.

* Forests, among bushes on mountain slopes, ravines, by streams, woodland slopes; 800–1400 m. Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, ??Henan, Hubei, Hunan, ??Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Shandong, ??Shanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang.

25. Dalbergia balansae Prain, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 70: 54. 1901. [Kai Larsen: In fl. CLV regarded as syn to D. assamica. This should be discussed in a note if the species is maintained. check also var. assamica for distribution in Fl. CLV]

nan ling huang tan

Trees 6–15 m tall. Bark grayish black, rough, with longitudinal fissures. Leaves 10–15 cm; rachis and petiole puberulous; stipules lanceolate; leaflets 13–15, oblong or obovate-oblong, 2–3(–4) Χ ca. 2 cm, firmly papery, initially rusty puberulous, later glabrous, base broadly cuneate or rounded, apex rounded, sometimes subtruncate, often emarginate. Panicles axillary, lax, 5–10 Χ ca. 5 cm; peduncles, branches, and rachis sparsely puberulous or subglabrous; flowers ca. 1 cm; bracts of flowers ovate-lanceolate; bracteoles very caducous, lanceolate; pedicels 1–2 mm, rusty puberulous as is the calyx. Calyx campanulate, ca. 3 mm, 5-toothed; lowest tooth lanceolate, longer than others, acute; other teeth triangular, obtuse; upper pair subconnate. Corolla white, 6–7 mm; petals rather long clawed; standard orbicular, 2-callose at base of blade, apex slightly emarginate; wing-petals obovate; keel-petals half-moon-shaped. Stamens 10, in lateral two bundles of 5 each. Ovary stipitate, densely puberulous; ovules (1–)3(–5). Pod ligulate or oblong, 5–6 Χ 2–2.5 cm, distinctly reticulate opposite the 1 seed, or  rarely 2 or 3 seeds, tapering to both ends; seeds?? Fl.??, fr.??

Mountain slopes, mixed forests, in bushes; 300–900 m. Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Sichuan, Zhejiang [N Vietnam].

 

26. Dalbergia polyadelpha Prain, Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. (Calcutta) 10: 84. 1904.

duo ti rui huang tan

Trees 4–10 m tall. Leaves 10–20 cm; rachis and petiole densely rusty tomentose; stipules very caducous, ovate-lanceolate; leaflets usually 9, sometimes 7, occasionally 11–13; petiolules ca. 3 mm, densely rusty tomentose; blades dark green adaxially, ovate to ovate-lanceolate, 1.5–4(–7) Χ 0.8–1.6(–2.8) cm, firmly papery, abaxially glabrescent or sparsely appressed puberulous, adaxially glabrous except for puberulous midrib, base cuneate or rounded, apex acuminate or obtuse, sometimes mucronate. Panicles axillary or infra-axillary, rather compact, ca. 6 Χ 5.5 cm; peduncles slightly stout, glabrous; pedicels ca. 5 mm; bracts of flowers ovate; bracteoles deciduous, lanceolate, sparsely pubescent. Calyx campanulate, ca. 5 mm; tube outside glabrous below, sparsely puberulous above, 5-toothed; teeth ciliate, unequal; lowest lanceolate, ca. as long as tube and longer than others; lateral two triangular; upper pair ovate, subconnate. Corolla white; petals distinctly striate; standard broadly ovate, base attenuate to short, broad claw; oblong wing-petals and half-moon-shaped keel-petals with downward broad auricles on upper side below. Stamens 10; filaments connate at base, irregularly separated to incompletely 3–5-adelphous on upper part. Ovary glabrous except for pubescent long stipe, 3- or 4-ovuled; style subulate-conical; stigma minute. Pod oblong to strap-shaped, (4–)7–9.5 Χ 1.5–2.8 cm, leathery, glabrous except for short stipe, distinctly reticulate opposite the 1 or 2 seeds; seed reniform to subreniform-oblong, compressed, ca. 9 Χ 4 mm; seed coat black, shiny.

Mountain slopes, thickets, bushes; 1000–2000 m. Guangxi, Guizhou, Yunnan [N Vietnam].

27. Dalbergia sacerdotum Prain, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 70: 42. 1901.

shang hai tan

Trees. Young shoots blackish, soft, faintly puberulous. Leaves ca. 20 cm; rachis ca. 15 cm, faintly puberulous; leaflets 9–11, ovate, ca. 6 Χ 3 cm, membranous, both surfaces sparsely appressed puberulous, base cuneate, apex obtuse, emarginate. Panicles thyrsoid, terminal, ca. 8 Χ 6 cm; peduncles, branches, and slender pedicels rusty puberulous; bracteoles deciduous, lanceolate, membranous, obtuse. Calyx campanulate, 5-toothed; teeth obtuse; lowest ca. as long as tube and longer than others; upper two somewhat connate. Petals shortly clawed; standard orbicular, faintly thickened at base. Stamens 10, monadelphous. Ovary shortly stipitate, glabrous except for stipe, 4-ovuled. Pod narrowly ligulate, ca. 9 Χ 1 cm, thinly leathery, glabrous, base attenuate to stipe, apex acute, 3-seeded; seeds?? Fl.??, fr.??.

* Habitat??; elevation?? Jiangsu (Shanghai).

28. Dalbergia tonkinensis Prain, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 70: 42. 1901.

yue nan huang tan

Trees 5–13 m tall. Leaves 9–20 cm; rachis glabrous; stipules caducous, small, tawny puberulous; leaflets (7–)9–11; petiolules glabrous; blades ovate, 4–9 Χ (1.8–)3–5 cm, subleathery, sparsely puberulous when young, soon glabrous, base rounded, apex shortly acuminate. Panicles corymbose, axillary, ca. 5 Χ 3.8 cm; flowers white, fragrant. Pod distinctly stipitate, ovate or oblong, 5–7.5 Χ ca. 2 cm, reticulate opposite the seeds, base cuneate, apex subacute; seed reniform, compressed, ca. 9 Χ 5 mm. Fl.??, fr.??

Habitat??; elevation?? Hainan [N Vietnam].

2. PTEROCARPUS Jacquin, Sel. Stirp. Amer. Hist. 283. 1763, nom. cons.