樟科 zhang ke
Li Xi-wen[1], Li Jie[2], Huang Puhua[3]; Henk van der Werff[4]
Mostly evergreen (deciduous in temperate regions), sometimes dioecious, trees or shrubs (Cassytha, a twining parasitic perennial herb with leaves reduced or absent). Bark and foliage usually aromatic. Leaves usually alternate, occasionally opposite or subopposite or verticillate, simple, usually entire, rarely lobed (Sassafras), mostly penninerved and subpalmately veined, or often triplinerved, usually punctate and leathery, estipulate. Flowers in usually axillary, occasionally subterminal, panicle, spikes, racemes, or pseudoumbels; generally bisexual, sometimes unisexual, actinomorphic, mostly 3-merous, also 2-merous, small, greenish yellowish or white. The perianth biseriate, of usually 6 or 4 basally connate usually undifferentiated sepal-like segments, deciduous or persistent, the tube usually persisting as a cupule at the base of fruit. The androecium typically of 4 whorls of 3 stamens each, adnate to perianth tube, the innermost usually reduced to staminodes, the filaments usually free, rarely those whorls united, the 3rd whorl usually bearing a pair of usually sessile and distinct basal glandular protuberances, the anthers basifixed, 2-celled or 4-celled at anthesis, those of the 2 outer whorls mostly introrse, the inner 3rd whorl extrorse, dehiscing by flaplike valves opening upwards. Pistil 1, the ovary usually superior, 1-loculed, the ovule solitary, anatropous, pendulous, the placentation parietal, the style 1, stigma 1, occasionally 23-lobed. Fruit a drupe or berry usually surrounded at the base by enlarged and often persistent perianth tube seated on an large receptacle or pedicel. Seed with large straight embryo, the endosperm absent.
About 45 genera and 20002500 species, distributed in tropical and subtropical regions of the world, but mostly in tropical southeastern Asia and neotropical America. China has 24 genera and about 430 or more species.
The family is very important in the economic use, because it contains much more economic trees in S China, such as Cinnanmomum camphora, C. parthenoxylon, C. glanduliferum etc., all yield camphor and essential oil which are the source for perfume or medicinal industry. The fruits of Cinnamomum, Litsea, Lindera, Syndiclis, Cryptocarya, Actinodaphne contain abundant oil and fat which are very useful for industry. The timber of Cinnamomum, Phoebe and other genera is very valuable. The bark of Cinnamomum cassia and the root of Lindera aggregata are the famous drug in Chinese traditional medicine. The fruit of Persea americana is a kind of nutritious fresh fruit. The leaves of Laurus nobilis, Cinnamomum subavenium and others are the good spice for food or can.
1a. Leafy trees or shrubs.
2a. Flowers unisexual, rarely bisexual, in pseudo-umbels or racemes, rarely solitary; bracts large, forming an involucre.
3a. Flowers dimerous; perianth lobes 4.
4a. Staminate flowers: 12 stamens in 3 whorls, all
stamens or those of 2nd and 3rd whorl glandular, anthers 2-celled; pistillate
flowers: staminodes 4
.................................................................................................................................................................... 1.
Laurus
4b. Staminate flowers: 6 stamens in 3 whorls, those of 3rd whorl glandular only, anthers 4-celled; pistillate flowers: staminodes 6 ....................................................................................................................................... 2. Neolitsea
3b. Flowers trimerous; perianth lobes 6.
5a. Involucre with persistent or tardy deciduous decussate bracts.
6a. Anthers 4-celled.
7a. Flowers functionally unisexual; pseudo-umbel many-flowered ................................................. 3. Litsea
7b. Flowers bisexual; pseudo-umbel 1-flowered .................................................................... 4. Dodecadenia
6b. Anthers 2-celled.
8a. Flowers functionally unisexual; pseudo-umbel many-flowered .............................................. 5. Lindera
8b. Flowers unisexual or polygamous; pseudo-umbel 1-flowered ................................................................ 6. ........................................................................................................................................................... Iteadaphne
5b. Involucre with caducous or tardy deciduous imbricate bracts.
9a. Deciduous habit; leaves alternate, always 3-lobed;
inflorescence of raceme
7.
Sassafras
9b. Evergreen habit; leaves usually whorled, rarely opposite or alternate, entire; inflorescence of pseudo-umbel 8. Actinodaphne
2b. Flowers bisexual, rarely unisexual, in panicle or in cluster, rarely in pseudo-umbel; bracts small, not forming an involucre.
10a. Anthers 4-celled.
11a. Perianth tube forming an perianth cup when in fruit.
12a. Flowers in pseudo-umbel ....................................................................................................... 9. Parasassafras
12b. Flowers in panicle or in cluster.
13a. Flowers in panicle; anther cells 4, cells placed in
pairs above each other; perianth lobes deciduous or persistent but not thicken
when in fruit; leaves alternate or subopposite, pinninervate, trinerved or
triplinerved
............................................................................................................................................... 10.
Cinnamomum
13b. Flowers in clusters which arranged in panicle or not; anther cells 4, cells place in an arc or in pairs above each other, lower 2 cells large and lateral; perianth lobes persistent and thicken when in fruit; leaves alternate, triplinerved ......................................................................................................................................... 11. Neocinnamomum
11b. Perianth tube not forming an perianth cup when in fruit.
14a. Perianth lobes persistent when in fruit.
15a. Persistent perianth lobes durable, shorter, erect or patent, tightly clasped the fruit base.
16a. Perianth lobes equal in size, outer 3 somewhat
smaller; filaments long
........................................................................................................................................................ 12.
Phoebe
16b. Perianth lobes unequal in size, outer 3 conspicuously smaller; filaments very short 13. Nothaphoebe
15b. Persistent perianth lobes soft, longer, reflexed or patent, not tightly clasped the fruit base 14. Machilus
14b. Perianth lobes deciduous when in fruit.
17a. Fruit stalk much thicken, fleshy, always colored; anthers 2-celled .................................... 15. Dehaasia
17b. Fruit stalk almost not or not thicken, if fruit stalk thicken the anthers must 4-celled.
18a. Leaves opposite, trinerved or triplinerved; perianth lobes unequal in size, outer 3 smaller 16. Caryodaphnopsis
18b. Leaves alternate, pinninervate; perianth lobes equal or subequal in size.
19a. Perianth large; fruit fleshy, large-sized (cultivated) ............................................................. 17. Persea
19b. Perianth small-or middle-sized; fruit somewhat fleshy, small-to middle-sized (native) 18. Alseodaphne
10b. Anthers 2-celled rarely 1-celled.
20a. Fruit not enveloped by perianth tube.
21a. Flowers trimerous; perianth lobes 6.
22a. Flowers functionally unisexual, in pseudo-umbel ......................................................... 19. Sinosassafras
22b. Flowers bisexual, in panicle.
23a. Fertile stamens 3 ................................................................................................................... 20. Endiandra
23b. Fertile stamens 6 or 9 ..................................................................................................... 21. Beilschmiedia
21b. Flowers dimerous; perianth lobes 4; fertile stamens 4 ............................................................. 22. Syndiclis
20b. Fruit enveloped by dilated perianth tube ............................................................................... 23. Cryptocarya
1b. Twining parasitic herb .............................................................................................................................. 24. Cassytha
月桂属 yue gui shu
Evergreen, small trees. Leaves alternate, leathery, pinninervate. Flowers dioecious or bisexual, in pedunculate pseudo-umbels which enveloped by 4 decussate involucral bracts before anthesis, globose, axillary, always in pairs, usually 1 or 3 in cluster or short raceme. Perianth tube short, lobes 4, subequal. Staminate flowers: stamens 814, usually 12, in 3 whorls, filaments of 1st whorl eglandular, but those of 2nd or 3rd whorls each with a pair of reniform glands at the middle part; anthers 2-celled, cells introrse; ovary infertile. Pistillate flowers: staminodes 4, alternate to the perianth-lobes, filaments each with a pair of sessile glands and a lanceolate ligular which elongate between the glands at the top; ovary 1-celled, style short, stigma slightly dilated, obtusely trigonous, 1-ovuled. Fruit ovoid; perianth tube not or slightly dilated, ruptured or not.
2 species, distributed in Canary Islands, Madeira Islands and Mediterranean coast. China has 1 cultivated species.
月桂 yue gui
Evergreen shrublike or small tree, up to 12 m tall. Bark black brown. Branchlets terete, striate, puberulous on young part or wholly subglabrous. Leaves alternate, oblong or oblong-lanceolate, 5.512 ื 1.83.2 cm, leathery, dark green above, greenish beneath, glabrous on both surfaces, the apex acute or acuminate, the base cuneate, the margin slightly undulate, the lateral nerves 1012-paired, curved and connected each other by the ends near the leaf margin, as costa elevated on both surfaces, veins reticulate, ฑ conspicuous on both surfaces, foveolate; petioles 0.71 cm long, purple-red when fresh, sparsely puberulent or subglabrous, sulcate on ventral side. Flowers dioecious, in pseudo-umbels; pseudo-umbels axillary, 13 in cluster on short raceme, enveloped by 4 decussate involucral bracts before anthesis, globose; involucral bracts suborbicular, glabrous outside sericeous inside; peduncle up to 7 mm long, sparsely puberulent or subglabrous. Staminate flowers: 5 in each umbel, small, green; pedicels about 2 mm long, pilose; perianth tube short; densely pilose outside, lobes 4, broadly obovate or suborbicular, adpressed-villous on both surfaces; fertile stamens usually 12, in 3 series, filaments of 1st whorl eglandular but those of 2nd and 3rd whorls each with a pair of reniform glands at the middle part; anthers ellipsoid, 2-celled, cells introrse; ovary infertile. Pistillate flowers: staminodes 4; ovary 1-celled, style short, stigma slightly dilated, obtusely trigonous. Fruit ovoid, dark purple when mature. Fl. MarMay, fr. JunSep.
Cultivated. Zhejiang, Jiangsu, Fujian, Taiwan, Sichuan and Yunnan [native to Mediterranean region].
Leaves and fruits contain essential oil 0.30.5% (or even up to 13%) and about 1% respectively. Leaves also used as a spice. Seeds contain oil and fat, used for soap manufacture.
新3/41/2邮๔ xin mu jiang zi shu
Evergreen trees and shrubs. Leaves alternate, crowded or verticillate, rarely subopposite, triplinerved, rarely pinninerved or subtriplinerved. Flowers unisexual, dioecious; umbels solitary or fasciculate, pedunculate or not; bracts opposite, large, late deciduous; perianth segments 4, in 2 whorls. Male flowers: fertile stamens 6 in 3 whorls of 2 each, the filaments of the 2nd and 2nd whorls eglandular, of the 3rd whorls bi-glandular at the base; anthers all introrse, 4-celled. Female flowers: staminodes 6, clavate, of the 1st and 2nd whorls eglandular, of the 3rd whorls bi-glandular at the base; ovary superior, the style conspicuous, the stigma peltate. Fruit seated on the slightly enlarged disciform or concave perianth tube, the pedicel often slightly incrassate.
About 85 species: Indo-Malaysia to E Asia; 45 species in China.
1a. Leaves penninerved or subtrinerved.
2a. Young branchlets glabrous.
3a. Young branchlets and petioles stouter; leaves
thick-leathery, oblong or elliptic, larger 6.513 ื 1.04.2 cm, distinctly
transverse-nervulose abaxially
1.
N. pinninervis
3b. Young branchlets and petioles stouter relatively slender; leaves thin-leathery, ovary-lanceolate to lanceolate or elliptic, to oblong-lanceolate, smaller 59 ื 1.73.5 cm, indistinctly transverse-nervulose abaxially.
4a. Lateral veins of 812 pairs; filaments glabrous; fruit globose ............................................. 2. N. wushanica
4b. Lateral veins of 5 pairs; filaments pubescent at
base; fruit ovoid
............................................................................................................................................... 3.
N. acuminatissima
2b. Young branchlets with ferruginous tomentum or appressed pubescence.
5a. Young branchlets with dense ferruginous tomentum; fruit globose; perianth segments often persistent.
6a. Leaves oblong or oblong-lanceolate, 410 ื 0.82.3 cm; petioles less than 7 mm; filaments and style glabrous 4. N. oblongifolia
6b. Leaves obovate, oblong-elliptic to oblong-lanceolate, 1017 ื 3.56cm; petioles more than 10 mm; filaments and style with hairs ................................................................................................................................... 5. N. cambodiana
5b. Young branchlets with appressed gray-brown pubescence; fruit ellipsoidal; perianth segments deciduous.
7a. Lateral veins of 1315 pairs; fruiting tube
cyathiforme, about 5 mm in diam
.................................................................................................................................................... 6.
N. undulatifolia
7b. Lateral veins of 46 pairs; fruiting tube shallowly discoid, about 2 mm in diam ............ 7. N. confertifolia
1b. Leaves trinerved at base or triplinerved.
8a. Leaves trinerved at base, lateral veins of 34 pairs; branchlets, both surfaces of leaves and petioles glabrous; leaves elliptic or obovate-elliptic .............................................................................................................. 8. N. menglaensis
8b. Leaves triplinerved.
9a. Leaves hairy abaxially, at least young leaves so.
10a. Leaves with golden yellow or pale yellow sericeous hairs abaxially.
11a. Leaves shortly acuminate at apex, acumen obtuse; fruit globose, about 1.3 cm in diam .... 9. N. sericea
11b. Leaves falcate-acuminate, acuminate or abrupt-acute at apex, acumen not obtuse; fruit elliptic-soidal.
12a. Leaves with dense golden yellow sericeous hairs abaxially, falcate-acuminate or acuminate at apex; rudimentary pistil glabrous ............................................................................................................................. 10. N. aurata
12b. Leaves with dense appressed pale yellow sericeous
pubescence abaxially, abrupt-acute at apex; rudimentary pistil densely
puberulous
........................................................................................................................................... 11.
N. lunglingensis
10b. Leaves with pubescence or tomentum, not sericeous hairs abaxially.
13a. Young branchlets glabrous; leaves lanceolate or
oblong; fruit ovoid
43.
N. konishii
13b. Young branchlets hairy.
14a. Midrib and lateral veins distinctly impressed on upper surface of the leaves; umbel more flowered; leaves elliptic to broadly obovate, densely ferruginous-tomentose abaxially ............................................ 12. N. velutina
14b. Midrib and lateral veins elevated on upper surface of the leaves; umbel 6-flowered.
15a. Lateral veins of 1 pair from the base 38 mm prolonged up to top, secondly lateral veins 69 at one side near the margin; leaves elliptic-lanceolate or oblanceolate .................................................. 13. N. chrysotricha
15b. Lateral veins of 26 pairs, lowermost pair from the base or a very little above the base prolonged up to above the middle of the leaves.
16a. Leaves larger, mostly more than 12 cm, largest 1530 cm.
17a. Leaves obovate, ovate or elliptic often 2.02.5 ื as long as its own broad.
18a. Young branchlets and petioles with dense appressed gray-white short pubescence; fruiting pedicel 45 mm 14. N. howii
18b. Young branchlets and petioles with dense ferruginous-yellow tomentum; fruiting pedicel 10 mm 15. N. alongensis
17b. Leaves not as above, often 3 ื or and more as long as its own broad.
19a. Leaves ovate-oblong or oblong, gray-pubescent abaxially, transverse veinlets indistinct 16. N. villosa
19b. Leaves oblong-lanceolate or oblong-oblanceolate, with yellow-brown villous hairs or tomentum abaxially, transverse veinlets distinct.
20a. Leaves caudate-acuminate at apex, broad-cuneate or rotund at base; with relatively dense yellow-brown tomentum abaxially when old, slightly glaucous or lacking .......................... 17. N. tomentosa
20b. Leaves shortly acute or abruptly acute at apex, cuneate at base, sparsely yellow-brown-villous abaxially when old, mostly glaucous ....................................................................................... 18. N. levinei
16b. Leaves smaller, mostly less than 10 cm, largest not over 13 cm.
21a. Young branchlets, lower surface of leaves and petioles with dense ferruginous-yellow tomentum; petioles less than 5 mm; fruit globose, 1 cm in diam., leaves oblong or obovate-oblong 19. N. hsiangkweiensis
21b. Young branchlets, lower surface of leaves and petioles with pubescence; petiole often more than 10 mm.
22a. Fruit globose or nearly globose.
23a. Fruiting pedicels more than 15 mm; leaves ovate or oblong; petioles flat 20. N. longipedicellata
23b. Fruiting pedicels less than 12 mm.
24a. Leaves densely brown-or gray-villous abaxially when young.
25a. Lateral veins except for lowermost pair from the middle or below the middle of the leaves giving out, most distinct adaxially; petioles 12 cm .......................................... 21. N. phanerophlebia
25b. Lateral veins except for lowermost pair from the above the middle of the leaves giving out, often indistinct adaxially; petioles 0.50.8 cm.
26a. Leaves thick-leathery, most lucid adaxially, margin not sinuous-rugose in a dry state 22. N. pulchella
26b. Leaves thin-leathery, somewhat lucid adaxially, margin sinuous-rugose in a dry state.
27a. Fruiting pedicels (6)1012 mm; leaves distinctly gray-white abaxially, lateral veins of 45 pair .......................................................................................................................... 23. N. pallens
27b. Fruiting pedicels 35 mm; leaves grayish green abaxially, lateral veins of 34 pairs 24. N. brevipes
24b. Leaves slightly appressed-pubescent or along veins yellow-pubescent abaxially.
28a. Leaves acuminate at apex, obtuse to cuneate at base, not decurrent, with gray appressed pubescence abaxially when young; fruiting pedicels more than 10 mm ................. 25. N. variabillima
28b. Leaves narrowly acuminate at apex, cuneate at base,
slightly decurrent, only along the veins with yellow pubescence abaxially when
young; fruiting pedicels less than 5 mm
............................................................................................................................ 26.
N. zeylanica
22b. Fruit obovoid-ellipsoidal or ellipsoidal to ovoid.
29a. Leaves lanceolate or obovate-lanceolate, with pubescence abaxially when old; rudimentary pistil densely hairy ........................................................................................................................ 27. N. aciculata
29b. Leaves elliptic or oblong-elliptic, becoming glabrous abaxially when old; rudimentary pistil glabrous ................................................................................................................................. 28. N. polycarpa
9b. Leaves glabrous abaxially when young.
30a. Leaves distinctly foveolate on both surfaces.
31a. Young branchlets with dense ferruginous or yellow-brown pubescence.
32a. Leaves elliptic or rounded-elliptic, abruptly acute ate apex, acumen obtuse, rotund or rounded at base 29. N. hainanensis
32b. Leaves obovate, obtuse-rounded at apex, cuneate at base ....................................... 30. N. buisanensis
31b. Young branchlets glabrous.
33a. Leaves oblong-lanceolate or oblong-obovate, rounded-obtuse at apex, lateral veins flat on both surfaces or impressed adaxially ............................................................................................................ 31. N. obtusifolia
33b. Leaves not as above, acuminate at apex, lateral veins prominent on both surfaces.
34a. Petioles more than 15 mm; leaves ovate-oblong or obovate-oblong; style densely pubescent 32. N. parvigemma
34b. Petioles less than 10 mm; leaves ovate or elliptic;
style glabrous
............................................................................................................................................... 33.
N. ovatifolia
30b. Leaves not foveolate on both surfaces.
35a. Petioles 24 cm.
36a. Leaves less than 10 cm, lateral veins of 23 pairs, indistinct abaxially; fruit ellipsoidal 1.3.8 ื 1.01.3 cm 34. N. ellipsoidea
36b. Leaves more than 10 cm, lateral veins of 35 pairs, distinct abaxially; fruit globose or subglobose (N. chuii sometimes ellipsoidal, but less than 1 cm long).
37a. Leaves broadly ovate, ovate or ovate-oblong, 1120 ื 6.813 cm; fruit globose, 1516 mm in diam ....... 35. N. kwangsiensis
37b. Leaves elliptic to ovate-elliptic, 816 ื 2.79 cm; fruit subglobose or ellipsoidal, about 8 mm in diam 36. N. chuii
35b. Petioles 0.71.5 cm, longest less than 2 cm.
38a. Midrib and lateral veins impressed adaxially, prominent abaxially; leaves ovate or elliptic-obovate 38. N. impressa
38b. Midrib and lateral veins prominent on both surfaces.
39a. Leaves caudate-acuminate or shortly caudate-acuminate at apex.
40a. Lateral veins of 23 pairs, except for lowermost pairs from the above the middle of the leaves giving out; fruit ellipsoidal ............................................................................................................... 39. N. shingningensis
40b. Lateral veins of 36 pairs, except for lower most pairs from the middle or below the middle of the leaves giving out; fruit ovoid or obovoid.
41a. Young branchlets glabrous; fruit ovoid ............................................................... 40. N. homilantha
41b. Young branchlets ferruginous-pubescent; fruit obovoid
................................................................................................................................. 41.
N. purpurascens
39b. Leave acute or acuminate at apex.
42a. Leaves often larger, 7.513 ื 2.54.5 cm, veinlets
indistinct abaxially
37.
N. sutchuanensis
42b. Leaves often smaller, 3.56.5() ื 1.32.5(4) cm, veins distinctly prominent abaxially.
43a. Leaves ovate, ovate-lanceolate, ovate-elliptic or elliptic, acuminate or acute at apex; style with dense sericeous pubescence or pubescence.
44a. Petioles pubescent adaxially; filaments with
sericeous pubescence
42.
N. pingbienesis
44b. Petioles glabrous adaxially; filaments pilose only
at base
44.
N. daibuensis
43b. Leaves oblong, obtusely acute at apex; style hirsute ........................................ 45. N. hiiranensis
羽脉新3/41/2ำ yu mai xin mu jiang zi
Shrubs or small trees, up to 12 m tall. Branchlets glabrous, leaves alternate or crowded on top of the branchlets, subverticillate; petiole 2 cm, glabrous; leaf blade oblong or elliptic, 6.513 ื 1.64.2 cm, lucid, glabrous on both surfaces, apex abruptly acute or falcate-acute, base cuneate or broadly cuneate, pinninerved, lateral veins 79 per side, transverse veins distinct abaxially. Umbels 23 in leaf-axils. Peduncle 12 mm. Flowers 5 per male umbel. Pedicel villous. Perianth segments 4, elliptic, male flowers: fertile stamens 68, filaments covered with pubescence at base, of the 3rd whorls each with 2 shield-shaped stipitate glands at base; rudimentary pistil ovoid, style with pubescence. Fruit subglobose, ca. 6 mm in diam., black at maturity. Fruiting pedicel 112. cm, pubescent or subglabrous, incrassate at apex. Fl. MarApr, fr. AugSep.
ท Mountainous dense or sparse forests or mountain top; 7501700 m. N Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hunan.
巫1/2新3/41/2ำ wu shan xin mu jiang zi
Small trees, 410 m tall. Branchlets glabrous or pubescent. Leaves alternate or clustered toward end of branchlets; petiole 815 mm, glabrous or pubescent; leaf blade elliptic or oblong-lanceolate, 59 ื 1.73.5 cm, glabrous on both surfaces and glaucous abaxially, apex acute or subacuminate, base somewhat acuminate, pinninerved or sometimes subtriplinerved, lateral veins 812 per side. Umbels axillary or lateral, sessile, 5-flowered per umbel. Pedicel sericeous-pubescent. Perianth segments 4. Male flowers: fertile stamens 6, the filaments glabrous, of the 3rd whorls each with 2 small glands at base; rudimentary pistil small, glabrous. Fruit globose or ellipsoidal, seated on the shallowly discoid perianth tube, purple-black at maturity; the pedicel slightly incrassate at apex.
ท Mountain slopes, forest-edges or mixed forests; 4801500 m. Fujian, Guangdong, Guizhou, Hubei, Shaanxi, Sichuan.
1a. Young branchlets and petiole glabrous; petiole more than 1 cm; fruit globose 67 mm in diam 2a. var. wushanica
1b. Young branchlets and petiole pubescent; petiole less than 1 cm; fruit ellipsoidal 89 ื 56 mm .... 2b. var. pubens
巫1/2新3/41/2ำ(原变种) wu shan xin mu iagn zi (yuan bian zhong)
Litsea wushanica Chun, Journ. Arn. Arb. 9: 153. 1928; Litsea gracilipes Hemsley; Neolitsea gracilipes Liou Ho.
Small trees. Young branchlets and petiole glabrous; petiole slender 1015 mm. Fruit globose, 67 mm in diam. Fl. Oct, fr. JunJul of the next year.
ท Mountain slopes, forest-edges or mixed forests; 4801500 m. Fujian, Guangdong, Guizhou, Hubei, Shaanxi, Sichuan.
紫云1/2新3/41/2ำ zi yun shan xin mu jiang zi
Small trees. Young branchlets and petiole pubescent; petiole shorter, 810 mm. Fruit ellipsoidal, 89 ื 56 mm.
ท Dense forests; 1200 m. SW Hunan.
1/4庖缎履3/41/2ำ jian ye xin mu jiang zi
Tetradenia acuminatissima Hayata, Icon. Pl. Formos. 3: 166. 1913.
Small trees. Branchlets subverticillate, glabrous. Leaves alternate or crowded at the apex of the branchlets; petiole 11.5 cm, glabrous; leaf blade ovate-lanceolate to lanceolate, 69 ื 1.82.5 cm, glabrous on both surfaces, acuminate to caudate-acuminate at apex, obtuse or cuneate at base, pinninerved or subtriplinerved, lateral veins 5 per side. Umbels axillary or lateral, sessile or subsessile, 4-flowered per male umbel. Pedicel 45 mm. Perianth segments 4, rotund. Male flowers: fertile stamens 6, filaments pubescent at base, of the 3rd whorls each with 2 reniform glands at base; rudimentary pistil ovoid. Fruit ovoid, 710 mm. Fruiting pedicel ca. 1 cm, pubescent to glabrous. Fr. OctNov.
ท Evergreen broad-leaved forests on high mountains. Taiwan.
长圆叶新3/41/2ำ chang yuan ye xin mu jiang zi
Trees, 810 m tall, sometimes up to 2 m tall. Young branchlets, petiole and inflorescences ferruginous-pubescent. Leaves alternate, sometimes 46 crowded on top of branchlets, subverticillate; petiole 37 mm; leaf blade oblong or oblong-lanceolate, 410 ื 0.82.3 cm, except for midrib with ferruginous pubescence when young abaxially, glabrous on both surfaces, obtuse, acute or acuminate, at apex, acute at base, pinninerved, lateral veins of 46 pairs. Umbels 35 axillary or lateral, sessile, 45-flowered per umbel. Pedicel 5 mm Perianth segments 4, ovate, with ferruginous pubescence outside. Male flowers: fertile stamens 6, filaments glabrous, of the 3rd whorls each with 2 rounded glands at base. Fruit globose, 810 mm in diam., darkly black-brown at maturity; the pedicel thickened at apex; perianth segments often persistent. Fl. AugNov, fr. SepDec.
ท Valley, dense forests or forest-edges; 300900 m. Guangxi, Hainan.
The wood is used for construction, furniture and agricultural tools; seeds contain 2530% of oil and may be used for extracting oil and as industry.
锈叶新3/41/2ำ xiu ye xin mu jiang zi
Trees, 812 m tall, 1015 cm d.b.h. Young branchlets densely ferruginous-tomentose or adpressedly yellow-brown-pubescent. Leaves 35, subverticillate; petiole 11.5 cm, hairy like the young branchlets; leaf blade oblong-lanceolate, oblong-elliptic lanceolate, obovate or elliptic, 1017 ื 3.56 cm, densely ferruginous-tomentose on both surfaces when young and becoming glabrous, glabrescent abaxially, apex acuminate, subcaudate or abruptly acute, base narrow or cuneate, pinninerved or subtriplinerved, lateral veins 45 per side. Umbels 57, clustered, sessile or subsessile, 45-flowered per umbel. Male flowers: perianth segments ovate; fertile stamens 6, exserted, filaments villous at base of the 3rd whorls each with 2 small glands at base; rudimentary pistil glabrous. Fruit globose, 810 mm diam. seated on the flat discoid perianth tube; the pedicel 7 mm.
Mixed forests, roadsides, thickets or sparse forests; below 1000 m. Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hunan, S Jiangxi [Cambodia, Laos].
1a. Young branchlets and petiole densely ferruginous-tomentose .................................................... 5a. var. cambodiana
1b. Young branchlets and petiole adpressed yellow-brown-pubescent ...................................................... 5b. var. glabra
锈叶新3/41/2ำ(原变种) xiu ye xin mu jiang zi (yuan bian zhong)
Neolitsea ferruginea Merrill.
Trees. Young branchlets and petiole densely ferruginous-tomentose; leaf blade oblong-oblanceolate, oblong-elliptic or lanceolate, densely ferruginous-tomentose on both surfaces when young and becoming glabrous, apex subcaudate or abruptly acute, base cuneate. Fl. OctDec, fr. JulAug of the next year.
Mixed forests; below 1000 m. Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hunan, S Jiangxi [Cambodia, Laos].
The bark, branches and leaves contain glue, may be used as material for incense after being milled and also as pressure material in the boring engineering. The leaves are folk medicine for application to affected parts to tuberculosis.
香港新3/41/2ำ xiang gang xin mu jiang zi
Actinodaphne hongkongensis Chun; Neolitsea hongkongensis (Chun) Allen.
Young branchlets and petiole adpressedly yellow-brown-pubescent; leaf blade oblong-lanceolate, obovate or elliptic, glabrous on both surfaces and glabrescent abaxially, apex acuminate or abruptly acute, base narrow or cuneate.
ท Roadsides, thickets or sparse forests; below 1000 m. Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi.
波叶新3/41/2ำ bo ye xin mu jiang zi
Litsea undulatifolia L้veill้, fl. Kouy-Tcheou, 220. 1914; Neolitsea sp. Rehder.
Shrubs or small trees, 27 m tall. Young branchlets appressedly pubescent and becoming glabrous. Leaves crowded on the top of branchlets, subverticillate; petiole 612 mm; leaf blade lanceolate or narrowly elliptic, 610 ื 1.42.5 cm, except for along midrib puberulous adaxially, glabrous on both surfaces, acuminate at both ends, pinninerved, the lateral veins 1315 per side. Umbels 23 crowded. Peduncle lacking, 45-flowered per umbel. Pedicel 2 mm, yellow-villous. Male flowers: perianth segments 4(5 or 6), ovate; fertile stamens 6(89), flaments glabrous, of the 3rd whorls each with 2 widely cordate glands at base; rudimentary pistil small, glabrous. Fruit ellipsoid, 12 ื 8 mm, seated on the cup-shaped perianth tube; the pedicel 810 mm, thickened at apex, pubescent. Fl. Nov, fr. JanFeb.
ท Stony mountain, thickets; 14002000 m. SW Guangxi, Guizhou, SE Yunnan.
This species is extremely variable and unstable in numbers of stamen and perianth segments. These variations sometimes occur on the same plant.
簇叶新3/41/2ำ cu ye xin mu jiang zi
Litsea confertifolia Hemsley, Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 26: 379, pl. 7. 1891; Actinodaphne confertifolia (Hemsley) Gamble.
A small tree, 37 m tall. Young branchlet and petiole covered with gray-brown pubescence and becoming glabrous. Leaves conferted, subverticillate; petiole 67 mm; leaf blade oblong, lanceolate to narrowly lanceolate, 512 ื 1.23.5 cm, lucid, glabrous adaxially, glaucous, pubescent abaxially when young, acuminate at apex, cuneate at base, pinninerved or sometimes subtriplinerved, the lateral veins 46 per side. Umbels often 35 fascicled in leaf-axils, subsessile, 4-flowered per umbel. Pedicel 2 mm, sericeous-villous. Perianth segments 4, broadly ovate. Male flowers: fertile with 2 large stipitate glands at basal rudimentary pistil glabrous. Fruit ovoid or ellipsoid, 812 ื 56 mm, seated on the flat discoid perianth tube, the pedicel 48 mm. Fl. AprMay, fr. SepOct.
ท Water sided, thickets, dense forests; 4602000 m. N Guangdong, NE Guangxi, Guizhou, SW Henan, Hubei, S Hunan, W Jiangxi, SE Shaanxi, Sichuan.
The wood is used for furniture; seed is used for extracting oil and as industry.
This species is extremely variable in the size of the leaves. The plants of Shaanxi and Henan Provinces usually have smaller and narrower leaves, while in Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan and Sichuan Provinces, the leaves are broader and larger.
勐腊新3/41/2ำ meng la xin mu jiang zi
A large tree, 10 m tall, 35 mm d.b.h. branchlets stout, glabrous. Leaves alternate or 35 crowded on top of branchlets; petiole 12 cm, slightly flat, glabrous; leaf blade elliptic or obovate-elliptic, 4.510.5 ื 1.24.3 cm, glabrous on both surfaces, apex acuminate, rotund or broadly cuneate, triplenerved, lateral veins of 34 pairs, lowermost pair from the base produced, with 68 curved, thin veinlets at one side near the margin. Umbels 1more fascicled in the leaf-axils; peduncle stout and short. Female flowers 5 per umbel. Pedicel 34 mm, densely sericeous-pubescent. perianth segments 4, ovate. Staminodes 6(8), filaments with pubescence, of the 3rd whorls each with 2 stipitate rounded glands at base. Ovary ellipsoid, glabrous; style slender, exserted, with sericeous-pubescence; stigma large, 2-lobed. Fl. Jan.
ท Sparse forests of the foothill of a calcareous mountain. S Yunnan.
舟1/2新3/41/2ำ zhou shan xin mu jiang zi
Laurus sericea Blume, Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind., 11 Stuk 554. 1826; Litsea glauca Siebold; Malapoenna sieboldii O. Kuntze; Neolitsea glauca (Siebold) Loidzumi; Neolitsea sieboldii (O. Kuntze) Nakai; Tetradenia glauca (Siebolid) Matsumura.
A tree up to 10 tall. Young branchlets and petiole with dense golden-yellow silky pubescence and becoming glabrous. Leaves alternate; petiole 23 cm; leaf blade elliptic to lanceolate-elliptic, 6.620 ื 24.5 cm, with dense golden-yellow silky hairs on both surfaces when young, and becoming glabrous, lucid adaxially, glaucous abaxially with yellow-brown or orange-brown appressed silky hairs, triplinerved, lateral veins of 45 pairs, lowermost pair from the base 610 mm produced, with 46 curved thin veinlets at one side near the margin. Umbels clustered, axillary or lateral, sessile; 5-flowered or umbel. Pedicel 36 mm, densely villous. Perianth segments 4, elliptic. Male flowers: fertile stamens 6, filaments villous at base, of the 3rd whorls each with 2 reniform stipitate glands at base; rudimentary pistil glabrous. Fruit globose, 1.3 cm in diam., seated on the shallowly discoid perianth tube. Fl. SepOct, fr. JanFeb.
Forests of mountain slopes. Zhejiang [Japan, Korea].
新3/41/2ำ xin mu jiang zi
Trees, up to 14 m tall, 18 cm d.b.h. Young branchlets and petiole ferruginous-pubescent. Leaves alternate or clustered toward end of branchlets; petiole 812 mm; leaf blade oblong, elliptic to oblong-lanceolate, lanceolate, oblanceolate or oblong-obovate, 814 ื 2.54 cm, glabrous adaxially, densely golden-yellow-sericeous or white-yellow-brown-yellow-or red-brown-sericeous abaxially when young, apex acuminate or falcate-acuminate, base cuneate or rotund, triplinerved, lateral veins of 34 pairs, lowermost pair from the base 23 mm produced. Umbels 35 fascicled toward end of branchlets or internode, 5-flowered per umbel. Pedicel 2 mm. Perianth segments 4, elliptic. male flowers: fertile stamens 6, the filaments pubescent at base, of the 3rd whorls each with 2 stipitate glands at base; rudimentary pistil glabrous. Fruit ellipsoidal, 8 ื 6 mm, seated on the shallowly discoid perianth tube; the pedicel 57 mm, pilose.
Forest-edges on mountain slopes, weed-tree forests; 5001900 m. Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Yunnan, Zhejiang [Japan].
This species is extremely variable in color of indumentum of the leaves abaxially and shapes of the leaves.
1a. Young branchlets and petiole ferruginous-or yellow-brown-pubescent.
2a. Leaf blade densely golden-yellow-sericeous or sparsely brown-yellow-sericeous abaxially when young.
3a. Leaf blade oblong, elliptic, oblong-lanceolate or oblong-ovate, broader, more than 2.5 cm, densely golden-yellow-setaceous abaxially when young ..................................................................... 10a. var. aurata
3b. Leaf blade lanceolate or oblanceolate, narrower, less than 2.4 cm, sparsely brown-yellow-sericeous abaxially when young ..................................................................................................................... 10b. var. chekiangensis
2b. Leaf blade often oblong-obovate, densely adpressedly white-sericeous abaxially when young 10c. var. glauca
1b. Young branchlets and petiole glabrous.
4a. Leaf blade sparsely yellow-sericeous abaxially when young margin not undulate, not hyaline, base not decursive ...................................................................................................................................................... 10d. var. paraciculata
4b. Leaf blade red-brown-sericeous abaxially when young, margin undulate, hyaline, base decursive .... 10e. var. undulatula
新3/41/2ำ(原变种) xin mu jiagn zi (yuan bian zhong)
Litsea aurata Hayata, Journ. Coll. Sci. Tokyo, 30: 246. 1911; Neolitsea aurata (Hayata) Merrill, f. glabrescens Liou Ho; Neolitsea kwangtungensis Chang; Neolitsea sericea (Blume) Koidzumi var. aurata (Hayata) Hatusima; Tradenia aurata Hayata.
Trees. Young branchlets and petiole ferruginous-pubescent. Leaf blade oblong, elliptic, oblong-lanceolate or oblong-obovate, 814 ื 2.54 cm, densely golden-yellow-sericeous adaxially when young, apex acuminate or falcate-acuminate, base cuneate or rotund. Fl. FebMar, fr. SepOct.
Forest-edges on mountain slopes, weed-tree forests; 5001700 m. Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Yunnan [Japan].
The roots are used as medicine for the treatment of breathache, stomachache and dropsy.
浙1/2履3/41/2ำ zhe jiang xin mu jiang zi
Neolitsea chekiangensis Nakai, Journ. Bot. Jap. 16: 128. 1940.
Trees. Young branchlets an petiole ferruginous-pubescent. Leaf blade lanceolate or oblanceolate, 813 ื 0.92.4 cm, sparsely brown-yellow-sericeous abaxially; indumentum easily deciduous, glabrescent, glabrescent.
ท Weed-tree forests on mountains; 5001300 m. Anhui, Fujian, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Zhejiang.
The seed core is used for extracting oil and material of soap and lubricant. The branchlets and leaves may be used for extracting aromatic oil as material of cosmetics. The bark is used as folk medicine for the treatment of stomachache.
垡缎履3/41/2ำ fen ye xin mu jiang zi
Trees. Young branchlets and petiole sparsely yellow-brown-pubescent. leaf blade often oblong-obovate, glabrescent, densely adpressedly white-sericeous and becoming sparsely hairy abaxially when old.
ท Broad-leaved forests on mountain slopes; 800850 m. Sichuan.
云和新3/41/2ำ yun he xin mu jiang zi
Neolitsea paraciculata Nakai, Fl. Sylv. Kor. 22: 46. 1939.
Trees. Young branchlets and petiole glabrous. Leaf blade often narrower, sparsely yellow-sericeous, glabrescent abaxially; indumentum easily deciduous, glabrescent.
ท Weed-tree forests on mountains; 5001900 m. N Guangdong, Guangxi, Hunan, Jiangxi, Zhejiang.
浙闽新3/41/2ำ zhe min xin mu jiang zi
Trees. Young branchlets and petiole glabrous. Leaf blade red-brown-sericeous abaxially when young and becoming glabrous when old, base decursive, margin undulate and hyaline.
ท Weed-tree forests on mountain slopes. Fijian, S Zhejing.
龙陵新3/41/2ำ long ling xin mu jiang zi
A small tree, 5 m tall. Young branchlets densely yellow-brown-puberulous and becoming glabrous. Leaves crowded toward end of branchlets; petiole 12.2 cm, densely puberulous; leaf blade elliptic or elliptic-oblong, 4.59 ื 1.73.5 cm, glabrous or along midrib slightly puberulent adaxially. densely appressedly villous abaxially, apex abruptly acuminate with acumen, base acute, triplinerved, lateral veins of 4 pairs, lowermost pair from the base 25 mm produced. Umbels 13 fascicled in the leaf-axils; peduncle lacking, 5-flowered per male umbel. Pedicel 4 mm. Perianth segment 4, broadly ovate. Fertile stamens 6; filaments pilose, of the 3rd whorls each with 2 adnate cordate-reniform stipitate glands at base; rudimentary pistil densely pilose. Fruit ovoid, 10 ื 8 mm, glabrous. Fruiting pedicel 0.81 cm, thickened at apex. Fl. Dec, fr. Sep.
ท Evergreen broad-leaved forests of mountain slopes; 17402000 m. W Yunnan.
毛叶新3/41/2ำ mao ye xin mu jiang zi
A small tree. Branchlets white-or ferruginous-velutinous. Leaves often 23 crowded on top of branchlets; petiole 6 mm, hairy like the branchlets; leaf blade elliptic or broadly obovate, 4.87.5(15) ื 1.83.5(5.5) cm, glabrous adaxially, covered with ferruginous pubescence abaxially, more densely especially along the veins, triplinerved, lateral veins of 3 pairs, lowermost pair from near base produced, nearly straight. Umbels fascicled. Peduncle short. Pedicel 23 mm, densely yellow-velutinous. Perianth segments 4, ovate-elliptic. Male flowers: fertile stamens 6, filaments glabrous, of the 3rd whorls each with 2 ovoid stipitate glands at base; rudimentary pistil lacking. Female flowers: ovary ovoid, style slender, glabrous; staminodes glabrous. Fl. NovDec.
ท Road-leaved mixed forests; 6001400 m. Guangdong, Guangxi, SE Yunnan.
1/2鹈履3/41/2ำ jin mao xin mu jiang zi
A small tree, 36 m tall. Young branchlets densely golden-yellow-villous. Leaves alternate or 35 crowded toward end of branchlets; petiole 12 cm, puberulous; leaf blade elliptic-lanceolate or oblanceolate, 7.513.5 ื 2.54.5 cm, glabrous or along veins golden-yellow-villous adaxially, glaucous, densely golden-yellow-villous abaxially, apex caudate-acuminate, with acumen, base acute, triplinerved, the lateral veins of 1 pair, from the base 35 mm produced, obliquely spreading toward end of leaf, with 69 curved veinlets at one side near the margin. Fruiting inflorescence umbellate, axillary, with (3)68 fruits per fruiting inflorescence. Fruit ovoid, 9 ื 5 mm, abruptly acute at apex. Fruiting pedicel 7 mm, slightly thickened at apex, densely yellow-villous. Fr. Jun.
ท Evergreen broad-leaved forests of valley; 25003000 m. W Yunnan.
保亭新3/41/2ำ bao ting xin mu jiang zi
Trees or shrubs, up to 9 m tall. Young branchlets and petiole appressedly gray-pubescent. Leaves alternate or crowded on top of branchlets, subverticillate; petiole 11.5 cm, stout, wrinkled; leaf blade obovate or elliptic, 9.518 ื 3.57 cm, glabrous, lucid adaxially, glaucous, gray-white-pubescent and becoming glabrous abaxially, triplinerved, the lateral veins of 34 pairs, lowermost pair from the base 0.51 cm produced, with 68 fine veinlets at one side near the margin, apex acuminate, base acute. Fruiting inflorescence umbellate, axillary, with 7-fruits per fruiting inflorescence; peduncle lacking. Fruit ellipsoid or nearly globose, 12 ื 9 mm, glabrous; seated on the shallowly discous perianth tube. Fruiting pedicel 45 mm, stout, pubescent. Fr. Aug.
ท Mixed forests of mountains; 2100 m. Hainan.
下龙新3/41/2ำ xia long xin mu jiang zi
A small tree, 68 m tall. Young branchlets densely ferruginous-yellow-tomentose and becoming glabrous. Leaves alternate subverticillate or subopposite toward end of the branchlets; petiole 12 cm, densely hairy like the young branchlets; leaf blade ovate, obovate or elliptic, 816 ื 47.5 cm, glabrous adaxially, glaucous, covered with gray pubescence and becoming glabrous abaxially, triplinerved, lateral veins of 45 pairs, lowermost pair from the base 510 mm produced for the rest from above the middle of the leaf. Umbels 35 fascicled, axillary or lateral. Peduncle shortest or lacking, 5-flowered per male umbel. Pedicel short. Perianth segments 4, ovate. Fertile stamens 6, filaments 1 mm, villous at base, of the 3rd whorls each with 2 rounded stipitate glands at base; rudimentary pistil ovoid glabrous. Fruit ellipsoid, 1.61.8 ื 1.3 cm, seated on the compliantly or shallowly discous perianth tube. Fruiting pedicel ca. 1 cm. Fl. JunJul, fr. AugSep.
Valleys streamsides, sparse forests or seaside; Guangxi, S Yunnan [Vietnam].
1/4屿新3/41/2ำ lan yu xin mu jang zi
Litsea villosa Blume, Nus. Lugd.-Bat. 1: 349.1851; Neolitsea kotoensis (Hayata) Kanehira & Sasaki; Tetradenia hayatae Nemoto; Tetradenia kotoensis Hayata.
A tree. Young branchlets densely yellow-brown-pubescent. Leaves alternate or crowded toward end of branchlets, subverticillate; petiole 812 mm, densely yellow-brown-pubescent; leaf blade ovate-oblong or oblong, 820 ื 34.5 cm, lucid, glabrous adaxially, glaucous, gray-pubescent abaxially, more densely especially along the midrib, triplinerved, lateral veins of 34 pairs, lowermost pair from the base 35 mm produced, obliquely spreading up to halfway of the leaf, vanishing near margin, for the rest from above the middle of the leaf. Fruit ellipsoid ca. 12 mm. Fruiting pedicel 7 mm. Fr. JunJul.
ท Broad-leaved forests. Taiwan.
This species was reported in FRPS as Neolitsea kotoensis (Hayata) Kanehira & Sasaki. However, its original description and specimens shows the characters to be quite similar to that of Neolirsea villosa (Blume) Merrill. It is treated here as synonymy of Neolitsea villosa (Blume) Merrill.
绒毛新3/41/2ำ rong mao xin mu jiang zi
A small tree, 35 m tall. Young branchlets and petiole densely yellow-brown-tomentose. Leaves alternate or often 35 verticillate on top of branchlets; petiole 12 cm; leaf blade oblong or rotund-oblanceolate, 16.528 ื 57.5 cm, lucid, along veins yellow-brown-tomentose adaxially, densely yellow-brown-tomentose abaxially, triplinerved, lateral veins of 4 pairs, lowermost pair from the base 515 mm produced, with numerous slightly conspicuous veinlets at one side near the margin, caudate-acuminate at apex, with acute acumen, broadly cuneate or rotund at base. Umbels 46 fascicled in leaf-axial, 5-flowered per umbel. Pedicel 1 mm. Perianth segments 4, ovate. Fertile stamens 6, filaments pubescent, of the 3rd whorls each with 2 stipitate rounded-cordate glands at base. Rudimentary pistil ellipsoid, glabrous. Fruit ovoid 10 ื 8 mm, apiculate at apex. Fruiting pedicel 56 mm, densely tomentose. Fr. Sep.
ท Dense forests of valleys or mountains; 14001700 m. SE Yunnan.
大叶新3/41/2ำ da ye xin mu iang zi
Benzoin levinei (Merrill) Chun ex Liou Ho; Neolitse chinensis (Gamble) Chun; Neilitsea lanuginosa Gamble var. chinensis Gamble.
A tree, up to 22 m tall. Young branchlets and petiole covered with dense yellow-brown pubescence. Leaves 45 verticillate; petiole 1.52 cm; leaf blade oblong-lanceolate to oblong-oblanceolate or elliptic, 1531 ื 4.59 cm, lucid, glabrous adaxially, glabrescent abaxially, densely yellow-brown-villous when young, triplinerved, lateral veins of 34 pairs, transverse veins conspicuous abaxially, apex shortly acute or abruptly acute, base acute. Umbels lateral. Peduncle 2 mm, 5-flowered per umbel. Pedicel 3 mm, with dense pubescence. Perianth segments 4, ovate. Male flowers: fertile stamens 6; filaments glabrous, of the 3rd whorls each with 2 stipitate ellipsoid glands at base; rudimentary pistil ovoid. Fruit ellipsoid or globose, 1218 ื 815 mm, black at maturity. Fruiting pedicel 710 mm, densely pubescent. Fl. MarApr, fr. AugOct.
ท Roadsides, watersides, dense forests of valleys; 3001300 m. Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Yunnan.
The roots are used as folk medicine for the treatment of women's disease.
湘桂新3/41/2ำ xiang gui xin mu jiang zi
Trees, up to 22 m tall. Young branchlets and petiole densely Yellow-tomentose and becoming glabrescent. Leaves 68 crowded toward end of branchlets, subverticillate; petiole 5 mm; leaf blade oblong or obovate-oblong, 1012 ื 2.54 cm, glabrous lucid adaxially, densely yellow-tomentose abaxially and becoming glabrescent, triplinerved, lateral veins of 46 pairs, lowermost pair from the base 1 cm produced, for the rest from the middle or above of midrib produced, apex shortly acuminate or abruptly acute, base broadly cuneate. Umbels 78 fascicled, peduncle lacking; 5-flowered per male umbel. Perianth segments 4, ovate. Fertile stamens 6, filaments glabrous, of the 3rd whorls each with 2 sessile small glands at base. Rudimentary pistil lacking. Fruit globose, ca. 1 cm in diam., seated on the small discous perianth tube. Fruiting pedicel 5 mm. Fl. FebMar, fr. OctNov.
ท Dense forests of mountains, mountains of calcareous rock; 8001000 m. W Guangxi, W Hunan.
长梗新3/41/2ำ chang geng xin mu jiang zi
Trees, up to 11 m tall. Young branchlets and petiole appressedly puberulous and becoming glabrous. Leaves alternate or subverticillate; petiole 11.2 cm, flat; leaf blase ovate or oblong, 58.5 ื 23.5 cm, glabrous adaxially, glaucous, appressedly puberulous and becoming glabrous abaxially, shortly caudate or acuminate at apex, rounded or rotund at base, triplinerved, lateral veins of 23 pairs, lowermost pair from the base 23 mm produced, for the rest from above the middle of midrib produced. Umbels axillary or lateral, 5-flowered per male umbel. Pedicel sericeous-villous. Perianth segments 4, ovate. Fertile stamens 6, filaments pubescent at base, of the 3rd whorls each with 2 peltate stipitate glands at base. Rudimentary pistil ovoid, glabrous. Fruit globose, ca. 8 mm in diam., black at maturity, seated on the shallowly small discous perianth tube. Fruiting pedicel 1.52 cm. Fl. MarApr, fr. Nov.
ท Roadside of mountains, dense forests of valley; 1500 m. N Guangxi.
显脉新3/41/2ำ xian mai xin mu jiang zi
Small trees, up to 10 m tall. Branchlets and petiole densely ferruginous-pubescent. Leaves verticillate or scattered; petiole 12 cm; leaf blade oblong to oblong-elliptic or oblong-lanceolate to ovate, 613 ื 24.5 cm, glaucous, densely appressedly pubescent and villous abaxially, triplinerved, lateral veins of 34 pairs, lowermost pair from the base 510 mm produced, with 68 veinlets at one side near the margin, apex acuminate, base acute or obtuse. Umbels 24 fascicled, axillary; peduncle lacking, 56-flowered per male umbel. Pedicel 23 mm. Perianth segments 4, ovate. Fertile stamens 6, filaments with pubescence at base, of the 3rd whorls each with 2 rounded glands at base. Rudimentary pistil lacking. Fruit subglobose, 59 mm in diam. glabrous, purple-black at maturity. Fruiting pedicel 57 mm, with appressed pubescence. Fl. OctNov, fr. JulAug of the next year.
ท Sparse forests of valleys; below 1000 m. Guangdong, Guangxi, Hunan, Jiangxi.
美丽新3/41/2ำ mei li xin mu jiang zi
Litsea pulchella Meissner, DC. Prodr. 15(1): 224. 1864; Litsea zeylanica var. chinensis Bentham & J. D. Hooker.
A small tree, 68 m tall. Young branchlets and petiole covered with brown pubescence and becoming glabrescent. Leaves alternate or crowded toward end of branchlets, subverticillate; petiole 68 mm; leaf blade elliptic or oblong-elliptic, 46 ื 23 cm, most lucid, except for along midrib pubescent glabrous when young adaxially, glaucous, gray-villous and becoming glabrous or glabrescent, triplinerved, the lateral veins of 23 pairs, lowermost pair from the base 46 mm produced, of the rest from above the middle of midrib produced. Umbels axillary, solitary or 23 fascicled, 45-flowered per male umbel. Perianth segments 4, elliptic. Fertile stamens 6, filaments below the middle villous, of the 3rd whorls each with 2 stipitate rounded small glands at base. Rudimentary pistil lacking. Fruit globose, 46 mm in diam., seated on the shallowly discous perianth tube. Fruiting pedicel 56 mm. Fl. OctNov, fr. AugSep. of the next year.
ท Mixed forests or valley; Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi.
灰白新3/41/2ำ hui bai xin mu jiang zi
Tetradenia pallens D. Don, Prodr. Fl. Nepal. 66. 1825; Litsea consimilis (Nees) Nees; Litsea umbrosa Nees var. consimilis (Nees) J. D. Hooker; Tetradenia consimilis Nees.
A small tree, 515 m tall. Young branchlets and petiole yellowish brown-pubescent and becoming glabrous. Leaves alternate or 35 crowded toward end of branchlets; petiole 615 mm; leaf blade elliptic or elliptic-lanceolate, 58 ื 23 cm, glabrous on both surfaces when old, acuminate to caudate-acuminate at apex, cuneate, broadly cuneate to rotund at base, the margin often undulate in a dried state, triplinerved, lateral veins of 45 pairs, lowermost pair from the base 36 mm produced, sometimes with most inconspicuous veinlets at one side near the margin. Fruit globose, ca. 8 mm in diam. glabrous, apiculate at apex, seated on the flat-discous perianth tube. Fruiting pedicel slender, (6)1012 mm, yellowish brown-pubescent. Fr. JunJul.
Evergreen broad-leaved forests; 21002400 m. It is one of the main tree in this forest type. S Xizang [India, Nepal, Pakistan, Sikkim].
短梗新3/41/2ำ duan geng xin mu jiang zi
A small tree, 410 m tall. Young branchlets and petiole densely brown-pubescent. Leaves alternate or 35 crowded on top of branchlets; petiole 58 mm; leaf blade elliptic or oblong-lanceolate, 612 ื 24 cm, except for the midrib puberulous, glabrous adaxially, glaucous, with gray-yellow pubescence when young abaxially, triplinerved, lateral veins of 34 pairs, lowermost pair from the base 36 mm produced, for the rest from above the middle of midrib produced, caudate-acuminate at apex. Umbels solitary or fascicled. peduncle lacking. Flowers 5 per umbel. Pedicel 11.5 mm, pubescent. Perianth segments 4, ovate. Male flowers: fertile stamens 6; filaments glabrous, of the 3rd whorls each with 2 stipitate rounded-cordate glands at base; rudimentary pistil lacking. Fruit globose ca. 6 mm in diam., seated on the flat discous perianth tube. Fruiting pedicel 35 mm. Fl. DecJan, fr. SepNov.
Streamsides of mountains, thickets, sparse forests or evergreen broad-leaved forests; 13801680 m. Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hunan, SE Yunnan [India, Nepal].
变叶新3/41/2ำ bian ye xin mu jiang zi
Tetradenia variabillima Hayata, Icon. Pl. Formos. 3: 167.1913; Neolitsea aciculata var. variabillima (Hayata) J. C. Liao.
Trees. Young branchlets covered with pubescence and becoming glabrous. Leaves alternate or crowded toward end of the branchlets subverticillate; petiole ca. 1 cm, pubescent; leaf blade ovate-lanceolate, obovate-lanceolate or long-obovate, 815 ื 35 cm, lucid, except for the base of midrib with pubescence glabrous adaxially when young, appressedly pubescent and becoming glabrous abaxially, apex acuminate, base cuneate or obtuse, triplinerved, the lateral veins of 34 pairs, lowermost pair from the base 5 mm produced. Umbels 23 fascicled, axillary lateral, 45-flowered per umbel. Pedicel 2 mm, densely pubescent. Perianth segments 4, lanceolate. Female flowers: staminodes 6, glabrous, of the 3rd whorls each with 2 stipitate glands at base; ovary ovoid, style pubescent. Fruit globose, 8 mm in diam., fruiting pedicel ca. 1 cm. Fl. FebJul, fr. NovDec.
ท Broad-leaved forests; 13002000 m. C Taiwan.
南亚新3/41/2ำ nan ya xin mu jiang zi
Litsea zeylanica Nees, Amoen. Bot. Bonn. fasc. 1: 58. pl. 5 (Cinn. Disput.) 1823; Tetradenia zeylanica Nees.
Trees, up to 20 m tall. Young branchlets yellow-puberulent and becoming glabrous. Leaves alternate or crowded toward end of the branchlets; petiole 11.5 cm, yellow-pubescent when young; leaf blade ovate-oblong or oblong, 711 ื 2.54 cm, lucid, glabrous adaxially, glaucous, yellow-pubescent along the midrib abaxially and becoming glabrous, apex narrowly acuminate, base cuneate, slightly decursive, triplinerved, the lateral veins of 34 pairs, lowermost pair from the base 58 mm produced, for the rest from above the middle or middle of the midrib produced. Umbels axillary, subsessile, 45-flowered per umbel. Pedicel 2 mm, pubescent. Perianth segments 4. Male flowers: fertile stamens 6, filaments villous, of the 3rd whorls each with 2 rounded small glands; rudimentary pistil small, style villous. Fruit subglobose, 67 mm in diam., seated on the small, nearly flat perianth tube. Fruiting pedicel 45 mm. Fl. OctNov, fr. OctDec.
Forests, thickets; 7501000 m. S Guangxi [SE Asia; Australia].
台湾新3/41/2ำ tai wan xin mu jiang zi
Litsea aciculata Blume, Mus. Bot. Lugd.-Bat. 1: 347. 1851; Neolitsea acuto-trinervia (Hayata) Kanehira & Sasaski; ?Tetradenia acuto-trinervia Hayata.
Trees. Branchlets gray-pubescent. Leaves alternate or crowded on top of branchlets subverticillate; petiole 0.51 cm, pubescent leaf blade lanceolate or obovate-lanceolate, 69 ื 23.2 cm, glabrous adaxially, glaucous, appressedly gray-pubescent abaxially, triplinerved, lateral veins of 34 pairs, apex caudate-acuminate or acuminate, base acute or acuminate. Umbels axillary or lateral; peduncles extremely short or lacking, 4-flowered per umbel. Pedicel 23 mm, pubescent. Perianth segments 4, ovate or elliptic. Male flowers: fertile stamens 6, filaments pubescent at base, of the 3rd whorls each with 2 sagital glands at base; rudimentary pistil densely pubescent. Fruit obovate-ellipsoid, 7 ื 56 mm, seated on the flat discoid perianth tube. Fruiting pedicel 79 mm, gradually thickened at apex. Fr. JunJul.
Evergreen broad-leaved forests; 13002000 m. Taiwan [Japan].
This species was reported in FRPS as Neolitsea acuto-trinervia (Hayata) Kanehira & Saski. However, its original description and specimens show the characters to be quite similar to that of N. aciculata (Blume) Koidzumi from Japan. N. aciculata is a name applied to this species.
多果新3/41/2ำ duo guo xin mu jiang zi
Neolitsea chui Merrill var. brevipes Yang.
Trees, up to 20 m tall. Young branchlets pubescent and becoming glabrous or glabrescent. Leaves alternate or crowded on top of branchlets subverticillate; petiole 815 mm, with pubescence and becoming glabrous; leaf blade elliptic or oblong-elliptic, 611 ื 1.74 cm, lucid, glabrous adaxially, glaucous, pubescent and becoming glabrous abaxially, apex acuminate or long-acuminate, base cuneate, triplinerved, lateral veins of 34 pairs, lowermost pair from the base 5 mm produced. Umbels 56 fascicled in leaf-axils, 5-flowered per umbel. Pedicel 2.53 mm, densely pubescent. Perianth segments 4, elliptic or rounded. Male flowers: fertile stamens 6, filaments pubescent at base, of the 3rd whorls each with 2 stipitate small glands at base; rudimentary pistil ellipsoid. Fruit ovoid 710 ื 34 mm, seated on the flat shallowly discous perianth tube. Fruiting pedicel 78 mm, subglabrous. Fl. MarApr, fr. OctNov.
Broad-leaves forests; 12002400 m. SE Yunnan [Vietnam].
The seed contains about 45% of oil, may be used for extracting oil and as industry.
海南新3/41/2ำ hai nan xin mu jiang zi
Trees or small trees, up to 10 m tall. Young branchlets and petiole pubescent. Leaves subverticillate or alternate; petiole 510 mm; leaf blade elliptic or rounded-elliptic 3.77 ื 23.5 cm, glabrous and distinctly foveolate on both surfaces, triplinerved, lateral veins of 23 pairs, lowermost pair from the base 3 mm produced, for the rest from above the middle of midrib produced, apex abruptly acute, with acumen, base widely cuneate or rotund. Umbels solitary or fascicled, axillary or lateral, 5-flowered per umbel. Pedicel villous. Perianth segments 4, ovate. Fertile stamens 6, filaments villous at base, of the 3rd whorls each with 2 stipitate rounded glands at base; rudimentary pistil glabrous. Fruit globose, 68 mm in diam., seated on the nearly flat-discous perianth tube; perianth segments often persistent. Fruiting pedicle 44.5 mm, with pubescence. Fl. Nov, fr. JulAug.
ท Mixed forests of mountain slopes; 7002200 m. Hainan.
武威1/2新1/2ำ wu wei shan xin jiang zi
Neolitse zeylanica Merrill var. obovata Liou Ho.
Shrubs or small trees, 46 m tall. Young branchlets and petiole densely ferruginous-pubescent. Leaves alternate or crowded on top branchlets; petiole 1 cm; leaf blade obovate, 3.56 ื 1.52.5 cm, glabrous, distinctly foveolate on both surfaces, triplinerved, lateral veins of 23 pairs, lowermost pair from the base 5 mm produced, for the rest from above the middle of the midrib, apex obtuse or abruptly acute, base cuneate. Umbels axillary, sessile, solitary or 23 fascicled, 4-flowered per male umbel. Pedicel 23 mm, sericeous-pubescent. Perianth segments 4, elliptic. Fertile stamens 6, filaments villous at base, of the 3rd whorls each with 2 small subsessile glands at base. Rudimentary pistil glabrous. Fruit globose, 45 in diam. Fruiting pedicel 69 mm, with pubescence. Fl. DecJan.
ท Dense forests of valleys; 1000 m. S Guangxi, Hainan, S Taiwan.
钝叶新3/41/2ำ dun ye xin mu jiang zi
Trees, 820 m tall, 50 cm d.b.h. Branchlets glabrous. Leaves alternate or clustered, subverticillate; petiole 11.2 mm; leaf blade oblong-lanceolate or nearly oblong-obovate, 4.510 ื 23.5 cm, foveolate on both surfaces and glaucous abaxially, triplinerved, lateral veins of 45 pairs, fine, lowermost pair from the base 27 mm produced, apex obtuse, base cuneate. Umbels axillary or lateral, solitary or 23 fascicled, 35-flowered per umbel. Pedicel 3 mm, appressedly pubescent. Perianth segments 4, oblong-ovate. Male flowers: fertile stamens 6, filaments glabrous, of the 3rd whorls each with 2 small rounded glands at base; rudimentary pistil ovoid, glabrous. Fruit globose, 810 in diam., seated on the discous perianth tube. Fruiting pedicel 89 mm, pilose. Fl. SepNov, fr. Dec to Feb of the next year.
ท Mixed forests of mountain slopes; 600 m. Hainan.
The wood is yellow-brown, hard, heavy, finely textured, slightly straight-grained, not fissile and deformed in a dried state and used for a good timer as industry and civil engineering.
小芽新3/41/2ำ xiao ya xin mu jiang zi
Tetradenia parvigemma Hayata, Icon Pl. Formos. 5: 175. f. 61f. 1915.
Small trees. Branchlets and petiole glabrous. Leaves alternate or clustered, subverticillate; Petiole 1.52 cm; leaf blade ovate-oblong or obovate-oblong, 89 ื 3.54 cm, distinctly foveolate on both surfaces and glaucous abaxially, triplinerved, lateral veins of 3 pairs, lowermost pair from the base 5 mm produced, apex acuminate, base obtusely rounded or sometimes acute. Umbels axillary; peduncle extremely short or lacking, 57-flowered per umbel. Pedicel 2 mm, yellow-brown-pubescent. Perianth segments 4, triangular-oblong. Male flowers: fertile stamens 6, filaments with pubescence at base, of the 3rd whorls each with 2 small stipitate rounded glands at base; rudimentary pistil present, style pubescent. Female flowers: staminodes 11.5 mm, with pubescence at base; ovary ovoid, glabrous at base. Fl. FebMar.
ท Evergreen broad-leaved forests. CS Taiwan.
卵叶新3/41/2ำ luan ye xin ye mu jiang zi
Neolitsea ovatifolia var. puberula Yang & P. H. Huang.
Shrubs. Branchlets glabrous. Leaves alternate or clustered toward end of branchlets; petiole 810(15) mm, slightly flat, glabrous; leaf blade ovate, 46(8.5) ื 22.5(4) cm, glabrous and distinctly foveolate on both surfaces, glaucous abaxially, acuminate at apex, obtusely rounded to cuneate at base, triplenerved, lateral veins of 45 pairs, lowermost pair from the base 2 mm produced, for the rest from the middle or below the middle of midrib produced. Umbels solitary or 34 fascicled, peduncle shortest or lacking, 5-flowered per umbel. Pedicel sericeous-pubescent. Perianth segments 4, elliptic. Male flowers: fertile stamens 6, the filaments glabrous, of the 3rd whorls each with 2 sessile rounded small glands at base; rudimentary pistil glabrous. Fruit globose or subglobose, ca 1 cm in diam. glabrous; the pedicel 58 mm, very stout, glabrous. Fr. Aug.
ท Sparse forests in valleys. Guangdong, Guangxi, SE Yunnan.
香果新3/41/2ำ xiang guo xin mu jiang zi
Trees, up to 30 m tall, 2 m d.b.h. Branchlets glabrous, stout. Leaves alternate or clustered toward end of the branchlets; petiole flat, 23 cm, glabrous; leaf blade elliptic or broadly elliptic, 710 ื 2.35 cm, glabrous on both surfaces and glaucous abaxially, apex shortly acute, base broadly cuneate, triplinerved, lateral veins of 23 pairs, lowermost pair from the base 6 mm produced, for the rest from above the middle of midrib produced. Umbels axillary or lateral, solitary or 2 fascicled; peduncle 12 mm, 25-flowered per umbel. Pedicel 34 mm, ferruginous-pubescent. Perianth segments 4, elliptic, fragrant, ferruginous-pubescent without. Male flowers: fertile stamens 6, the filaments pubescent, of the 3rd whorls each with 2 reniform glands at base; rudimentary pistil glabrous. Fruit ellipsoidal, 1.31.8 ื 11.3 cm, seated on the flat discoid perianth tube, black-brown at maturity; the pedicel stout, wrinkled. Fl. JunJul, fr. OctNov, or fl. OctDec, fr. AprMay of the next year.
ท Forest edges, roadsides, sparse forests on mountains, mixed forests; 7001000 m. Hainan.
The wood is light an relatively easy in working, and used for furniture, implements; musical instruments, plywood and decorative veneer, etc.. The seed core contains about 60% of oil, may be used for extracting oil and as industry.
广西新3/41/2ำ guang xi xin mu jiang zi
Shrubs or small trees, 5 m tall. Branchlets stout, glabrous. Leaves alternate or clustered toward end of the branchlets; petiole 2.54 mm, glabrous; leaf blade broadly ovate, ovate or ovate-oblong, 1119 ื 6.812.5 cm, glabrous on both surfaces an glaucous abaxially, apex acuminate or obtuse, base rotund or attenuate, triplinerved, lowermost lateral veins from the base 58 mm produced, with 1013 veinlets at one side near the margin, transverse veins prominent on both surfaces. Umbels 58, fascicled, axillary or lateral; peduncle. Perianth segments 4, ovate. Male flowers: fertile stamens 6, the filaments glabrous, of the 3rd whorls each with 2 shortly stipitate peltate glands at base; rudimentary pistil glabrous. Fruit globose, 1516 mm in diam.; pedicel 67 mm, pubescent. Fl. Dec, fr. Aug of next year.
ท Roadsides, sparse or dense forests in valleys; 5001100 m. Guangdong, Guangxi.
1/4公树 ya gong shu
Neolitsea subfoveolata Merrill.
Trees, 818 m tall, 40 cm d.b.h., except for the inflorescence pubescent, glabrous. Leaves alternate or clustered toward end of the branchlets; petiole 24 cm; leaf blade elliptic to oblong-elliptic or ovate-elliptic, 816 ื 2.79 cm, glaucous abaxially, apex acuminate, base acute, triplinerved, lateral veins of 35 pairs, lowermost pair from the base 25 mm produced, for the rest from the middle or above of the midrib produced. Umbels axillary or lateral, crowded, peduncle shortest or lacking, 56-flowered per umbel. Pedicel 45 mm. Perianth segments 4, ovate or oblong. Male flowers: fertile stamens 6, the filaments pubescent at base, of the 3rd whorls each with 2 reniform glands at base; rudimentary pistil ovoid. Fruit ellipsoidal or subglobose, 10 ื 8 mm; pedicel 7 mm, slightly thickened. Fl. SepOct, fr. Dec.
ท Sparse forests in valleys or hills; 5001400 m. Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hunan, Jiangxi, SE Yunnan.
The seed core contains about 60% of oil, maybe used for extracting oil and as industry.
四川新3/41/2ำ si chuan xin mu jiang zi
Neolitsea sutchuanensis Yang f. longipedicellata Yang.
Small trees, up to 10 m tall. Young branchlets glabrous or sparsely puberulous. Leaves alternate or 24 clustered; petiole 12 cm, glabrous or puberulous when young; leaf blade elliptic or ovate-elliptic, 7.513 ื 2.54.5 cm, glabrous on both surfaces and glaucous abaxially, acute or ฑ acuminate at apex, broadly cuneate or slightly rounded at base, triplinerved, lateral veins of 35 pairs, lowermost pair from the base 58 mm produced, for the rest from above the middle of the midrib peduncle. Fruiting inflorescences umbellate, solitary or 2 fascicled peduncle stout and short, 2 mm, glabrous. Fruits 56 per fruiting inflorescence, ellipsoidal 56 ื 45 mm, glabrous; pedicel 515 mm, thickened at apex, puberulous; perianth tube discous. Fr. NovDec.
ท Dense forests on mountain slopes; 12001800. Guizhou, Sichuan, Yunnan.
1/4脉新3/41/2ำ ao mai xin mu jiang zi
Shrubs or small trees, 5 m tall. Branchlets glabrous except at the top. Leaves alternate or clustered toward end of the branchlets; petiole 58 mm, glabrous or puberulous; leaf blade ovate or elliptic-obovate, 59.5 ื 2.44 cm, glabrous on both surfaces and glaucous abaxially, suddenly acute or subcaudate at apex, broadly cuneate or rotund at base, triplinerved, lateral veins of 34 pairs, lowermost pair from the base 56 mm produced, for the rest from the middle or below the middle produced. Umbels 24, fascicled, peduncle lacking, 5-flowered per umbel. Pedicel short, densely pubescent. Perianth segments 4, elliptic. Male flowers: fertile stamens 6, the filaments glabrous or pubescent only at base, of the 3rd each with 2 stipitate large peachy from glands at base; rudimentary pistil glabrous. Fruit ellipsoidal or ovoid-ellipsoidal, 10 ื 6 mm; pedicel 56 m. Fl. AprMay, fr. AugSep.
ท In mixed forests. Sichuan.
新宁新3/41/2ำ xin ning xin mu jiang zi
Shrubs or small trees, 5 m tall. Branchlets glabrous. Leaves alternate or subverticillate; petiole 1 cm, slightly flat, glabrous leaf blade ovate or ovate-oblong, 59 ื 1.73 cm, glabrous on both surfaces, shortly caudate or acuminate at apex, rounded or broadly cuneate at base, triplinerved, lateral veins of 23 pairs, lowermost pair from the base 46 mm produced, for the rest from the middle or above the middle of the midrib produced, with lateral veinlet of 1 pair at one side near the margin 1 mm from the base of leaf acutely exserted to middle. Umbels 2, fascicled, lateral, peduncle 1 mm, 4-flowered per umbel. Pedicel villous. Perianth segments 4, ovate. Male flowers: fertile stamens 6, the filaments pubescent at base, of the 3rd whorls each with 2 sessile orbicular glands at base