POLYPODIACEAE (part 1) [FIRST DRAFT]
水龙骨科shui long gu ke
Lin You-xin (林尤興)
[Belvisia, Drymotaenium, Lemmaphyllum, Lepidogrammitis, Lepisorus, Pyrrosia]
1. LEPIDOGRAMMITIS Ching, in Sunyatsenia 5(4) : 258. 1940.
骨牌蕨属 gu pai jue shu
Small epiphytic plant. Rhizomes slender and greeping, thick as iron wire, palely green, sparsely covered clathrate scales or subglabrous. Fronds remote, carnous, dimorphic or subdimorphic; stipes short or subsessile; sterile fronds lanceolate to rounded, under surface sparsely covered scales; fertile fronds narrowly lanceolate to short ligulate, after dry hardly coriaceous, palely green. Veination reticulate, unobvious, usally with simple or forked included weilets. Sori rounded, free, in one row along each side of main vein, covered peltate paraphymas when young, the paraphymas clathrate denticulate at margin. Spores monolete, bilateral, experispore, exine thicker, outline undulate or serrated, irregular feveolate by strait observed. Chromosome X = 13 (36).
Specimem for type on genus : Lepidogrmmitis drymoglosssoides ( Baker) Ching.
About 8 species; 7 species in China, one to N. India and Myanmar.
1a. Frnds monomorphic or dimorphic sometime.
2a. Frond monomorpic; laminae elliptic, apex obtuse, ca. 5 cm long, Stipes usually slender, short----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1. L. rostrata
2b. Fronds dimorphic sometime; sterile fronds ligulately lanceolate or narrowly lanceolate or sublinear -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------2. L. diversa
1b. Fronds obviously dimorphic.
3a.Sterile fronds subpyriform or longly ovate, bases rounded or roundly cuneate--------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------3. L. pyriformis
3b. Sterile fronds globose or oblong or oblongly lanceolate, bases cuneate.
4a. Sterile fronds usually globose or obovate; fertile fronds ligulate or oblanceolate-------------------------------------------------------------4. L. drymoglossoides
4b. Stelile fronds longly rounded or oblongly lanceolae; fertile fronds linearly lanceolate, linear or loriformis.
5a. Sterile fronds oblong; fertile fronds linearly lanceolate----------------5. L. intermidia.
5b. Sterile fronds oblongly lanceolate; fertile fronds linear or loriformis.
6a. Sterile frands oblongly lanceolste or elliptic; fertile fronds subloriformis, Sori attached nearly margin and protruded out side of margin when maturity------ --------------------------------------------------------------6. L. adnascens
6b. Strile fronds ovately lanceolate or brodly ovato-lanceolate. Sori attached at mid parts of laminae and inptruded out side of margin when maaturity --------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------7. L. elongata
1. Lepidogrammitis rostrata (Bedd.) Ching in Acta Phytotax. Sin.9: 372. 1964.
骨牌蕨 gu pai jue
Pleopeltis rostrata Bedd., Ferns Brit. Ind. t. 159. 1867; Polypodium substrtum C. Chr. ; . Lepitogrammitis sucstrata Ching.
Plants ca. 10 cm. tall. Rhizomes slender and creeping, thick ca. 1mm. in diam. Green, covered scales; the scales subulately lanceolaate, denticulate at margin. Fronds remote, monomorphic; ssterile fronds lanceolate or elliptic, apxes obtuse, bases cuneate and decurrent; 6 – 10 x 2 – 2. 5 cm. entire, cornous, after dry coriaceous, palely brown, subglabrous on both surfaces. Both sides of costae raised, veinlets slightly visible, with simple or foked included veinlets. Sori rounded, located usually above brodest parts of laminae, in one row on each side of main vein, covered peltate paraphymas when young.
On tree trunks or rocks under forest; 240 – 1700 m.; Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Yunnan, Zhejiang [India, Indo-China peninsula, Myanmar]。
2. Lepidogrammitis diveersa (Rosenst.) Ching in Acta Bot. Yun. 1: 24. 1979.
披针骨牌蕨 pi zhen gu pai jue
Polypodium diversum Rosenst. In Hedwigia 56: 346. 1915; Lepidogrammitis rostrata De Vol & Kou ; Lemmaphyllum diversum ( Rosenst. ) De Vol & C. M. Cuo; L. christenii Ching ; Lepidogrammitis christensenii Ching; L. kansuensis Ching.
Plants ca. 10 cm tall. Rhizomes slender and creeping,densely covered scales; the scales brown, subutly lanceolate, margin serrate. Fronds remote, monomorphic or subdimorphic; stipes much varied, 0. 5 to 3 cm long, stramineous, smooth; sterile fronds undifferent so much with fertile ones, laminae normally narrowly lanceolate to broadly lanceolate, stipes 0.5-1.2 cm long, apex acute, ca. 3.5- 8 x 0.5 – 0.8 cm, fertile fronds much varied on outline, stipes 1.2-2 cm long, laminae usually beltly lanceolate to broaly lanceolate, apex shortly acute, 6-9 x 0.3-2.8 cm, after dry subcoriaceous, brown, smooth. Both sides of costa raised, veilets unobvious. Sori rounded, in one row on each side of main vein, lithtly near to main vein.
On rocks by forest edges or under thickets by stream sides ; 700 – 1200 m. Fujian, Guangdon, Guangxi, Gansu, Guizhou, Hunan, Jiangxi, Taiwan, Zhejiang.
Whole plats are used medicines, agaist inflammation iliminate wetness and stoping bleeding, for arthralgia due to wind wetness evil, bleed due to surgical trauma ect.
3. Lepidogrammitis pyriformis (Ching ) Ching, Sunyatsenia 5(4): 258. 1940.
梨叶骨牌蕨 li ye gu pai jue
Plypodium pyriformis Ching in Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. 2: 212. 1930; Lepidogrammitis pyriforme Ching.
Plants ca. 5 cm tall. Rhizomes slender and creeping, thick ca. 1.5mm in diam. caveered
Subulatly lanceolate, denticulate brown scales. Fronds remote, dimorphic; sterile fronds phriform to longly ovate, nearly sessile, 3 – 5 x 1.5 – 2 cm, apexes short acuminate, bases subrounded or roundly cuneate and decurrent, entire or lightly undulaate; fertile fronds longer and narrower, sublanceolate, carnous, after dry coriaceoaceous smooth on upper surfaces, spasely with scales on under surfaces. Main vein obvious, veinlets unobvious. Sori rounded, in one row on each side of main vein and slightly closse to main vein.
On rocks under forest; ca. 1900 m. Gansu, Guizhou, Hubei, Sichuan [ Japan].
Speciment of type collected from Hubei (Badong).
4. Lepidogrammiitis drymoglossoides (Baker) Ching in Sunyatsenia 5(4): 258. 1940;
抱树莲 bao shu lian
Polypodium drymoglossoides Baker J. Bot. 170. 1887; Lemmaphyllum drymoglossoides Ching.
Rhizomes slender and creeping,covered subulatly lanceolate, denticulate, brown scales. Fronds remote, dimorphic; sterile froands elongate,to ovate, 1 – 2cm long or bit longer, apexes rounded or obtusely rounded, bases cuneate, subsessile, entire; fertile fronds ligulate or oblanceolate, 3 – 6 cm long, less than 1 cm wide, bases attenuate, subsessile or short stiped; sometime same shape with sterile one, carnose, after dry coriaceus, smooth on upper surfaces, spasely covered scales on under surfaces. Sori rounded, in one row on each side of main vein, located between main vein and margin.
On shady and wet tree trunks or rocks; 200 – 1400 m. Widely distributed provinces of changjiang valley and Fujian, Gansu, guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, shanxi.
Specimen of type collected from Hubei.
Whole plants are used a medicines be able to cool blood and remove the toxic materials to treat scrofula ect.
5. Lepidogrammitis intermidia Ching, Fl. Tsinglin 2: 180. 1974.
中间骨牌蕨 zhon jian gu pai jue
Plants 3 – 7 (-10) cm tall. Rhizomes slender and creeping, sparsely covered subulatly lanceolate, denticulate brown scales. Fronds remote, dimorphic; sterile fronds elongate to lanceolate, 3 – 6 x 0.8 – 2 cm. attenuated to bothends, obtus or rounded-obtus at apexes, bases cuneate and decurrent, entire, stipe 2 mm long; fertile fronds narrowly lanceolate or linearly lanceolate, obtuse at apexes, 4.8 – 8 x ca.0. 5 cm. after dry subcoriaceous, sparsely coveered scales on under surfaces. Main vein obviously raised on both sides, veinlets obscure. Sori rounded, in one row on each side of main vein, some of them convergent when matured, but inprotruding outside margin of the frond.
*On rocks under forest; 800 – 1200 m. Gansu, Guizhou, Hubei, Shanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan, zhejiang.
Specimen of type collected from Sichuan (Baoxin).
6. Lepidogrammitis adnascens (Ching) Ching in Sunyatsenia 5(4): 258. 1940.
贴生骨牌蕨 tie sheng gu pai jue
Lemmaphyllum adnascens Ching in Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol. Bot. 4: 101. 1933.
Rhizomes slerder and creeping, thick ca 1 mm in diam. covered subulatly lanceolate, deticulate brown scales. Fronds remote, 3–4 cm apart, dimorphic; Sterile fronds longly lanceolate to elliptic, stipe 1 – 15 cm long, laminae 4 – 10 x 1 – 1.5 cm. bases cuneate and decureent, apexes roundly obtuse, cornous, grayish green on upper surfaces, sparsely covereed scales on under surfaces. slightly recurled when after dry; fertile fronds much longer, strongly attenuate, 8 – 16 x 0.5 cm. linear, obtuse at apexes, stipes 2 – 3 cm long. Main vein raised on bothsides, veinlets obscure. Sori large size, elliptic, ones on lower parts expended reached to 3 – 4 mm long, ones on upper parts shorter, densely touched from each other, inconvergent and spreading to the end of laminae, located between main vein and margin and clsse to margin, prodruting outsides of laminae when maturity.
Endemic Sichuan (Guan xian).
7. Lepidogrammitis elongata Ching, Fl. Tsingling. 2: 181. 1974.
长叶骨牌蕨 chang ye gu pai jue
Plants ca 10 cm tall. Rhizomes slender and creeping, covered subulatly lanceolate,denticulate brown scales. Fronds remote, dimorphic; sterile fronds susally broadly lanceolate, apexes shortly hebetate, stipe ca. 2 mm long, 6 – 8 x 1.5 – 2. 5 cm. Palely brown, sparsely covered scales on lower surfaces; fertile fronds elongatly lanceolate, stipe 0.5 – 4 cm long, 5 – 11 mm. wide at mid-parts, brown, apexes shortly hebetate, after dry palely brown, hardly coriaceous. Main vein raised on bothsides, veinlets obscure. Sori rounded, in one row on each side of Main vein, some convergented when maturity, but inprotruding outside of margin of lamina.
On rocks under forest; 1350 – 2200 m.; Guizhou, Hubei, Shanxi, Sichuan.
Specimen collected from Guizhou (Qinzhen).
10. LEMMAPHYLLUM C. Presl, Epinum. Bot. 157. 1849.
伏石蕨属 fu shi jue shu
Small ephytic plants. Rhizomes slender creeping, covered scales; the scales ovately lanceolate, entire or irregularly branched on lower part. Fronds sparse, dimorphic; stipes articulated; stelile fronds obovate or elliptic, entire, subcarnose, glabrous or subglabrous or sparsely covered scales; fertile fronds linear or linearly oblanceolate. Veins reticulate, main vein obscure, free included veinlets usually towards main vein. Sori linear, parallel with main vein, contiguous, but normally apexes of fronds sterile; paraphymas peltate, clathrate, denticulate at margin; annuluses of sporangia consisted of ca. 14 incrassated cells. Spores elliptic, monolete, trasparrent or subtransparrent, inperispore. Chromosome x = 12(36).
Species of type on this genus: Lemmaphyllum spathulatum C. Presl, original locality in Philippines (Luzon).
About 6 spicies, 2 species in china.
1a. Sterile fronds subglobose or ovately rounded, 1.6 – 3.5 x 1.2 – 1. 5 cm. nearly sessile or with ca. 4 mm long stipes----------------------------------------------------------------1. L. microphyllum
1b. sterile fronds longly ellptic or ovately lanceolate, 4 – 12 x 2.5 – 4 cm. stipes normally 1.5 – 5 cm long------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2. L. carnosum
1. Lemmaphyllum microphyllum C. Presl, Epim. Bot. 236. 1849.
伏石蕨 fu shi jue
Small, epiphyti ferns. Rhizomes slender and creeping, palely green, sparsely covered with scales; the scales crathrate, apexes subulate, subrounded at lower parts, irregular branched at both lateral sides. Fronds remote, dimorphic; sterile fronds subsessile or with 2 – 4 mm long stipes, laminae subglobose or ovately lanceolate, bases rounded or broadly cuneate, 1.6 – 2.5 x 1.2 – 1.5 cm. entire; fertile fronds with 3 – 8 mm long stipes, laminae regular or narrowly lanceolate, 3.5 – 6 x ca 0. 4 cm. margines recurled after dry. Veins reticulate, with simple included veilets. Sori linear, located between main vein and margin, covered with paraphyms when young.
On trees trunks in forest or rocks under foresst; 95 – 1500 m.; Anwei, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hubei, Jiangsu, Taiwan, Yunnan, Zhejiang [Japan, S. Korea, Vietnan].
1a. Sterile frond subglobose or ovately rounded, base rounded or broadly cuneate, subsessile--------------------------------------------------------------------------1a. var. microphyllum
1b. Sterile frond ovate or obovate to longly rounded, base shortly cuneate and decurrent, with longer stipe-----------------------------------------------------------------------------1b. var. obovatum
1a. Lemmaphyllum microphyllum var. microphyllum
伏石蕨(原变种) fu shi jue (yuan bian zhong)
Sterile fronds subglobose or ovately rounded, bases rounded or broadly cuneate, subsessile.
On tree trunks in forest or on rocks under forest; 95-1500 m.; Anwei, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hubei, Jiangxi, Taiwan, Yunnan and Zhejiang [ Japan, S. Korea and Vietnam
1b. Lemmaphyllum microphyllum var. obvatum (Harr.) C. Chr. in Dansk Bot. Archiv. 6: 47. pl. 5. f. 3. 1929.
倒卵伏石蕨 dao luan fu shi jue
Drymoglossum caenosum var. obvatum Harr. in J. Linn. Soc. 16: 33. 1877.
This variety defferent with original one in sterile fronds ovate, obovate to longly rounded, bases shortly cuneate and decurrent, stipes longer.
On tree truncks; Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan,Taiwan, Yunnan.
2. Lemmaphyllum carnosum (Wall.) C. Presl, Epim. Bot. 158. 1749.
肉质伏石蕨 rou zhi fu shi jue
This species different with above one in the plant much tall; sterile fronds broadly lanceolate, the broadest at middle parts of laminae, attenuate to bothends, obtuse at apexes, bases cuneate and decurrent, 10 x 2.5 – 3.8 cm. Stipes 1.5 - 5 cm long; fertile fronds 12 – 15 x ca. 0.4 cm., stipes reached 8 cm long.
On tree trunks or rocks under forest; 1500 – 2900 m.; Guizhou, Sichuan and Yunnan.
11. Belvisia Mirbel in Hist. Nat. Veg. 5: 111. 1803.
尖嘴蕨属 jian zui jue shu
Mid epiphytic ferns. Rhizomes short and decubent or long and creeping, usually densely covered with roots, sparsely covered with scales; the scales darkly brown, lanceolate, acuminate at apexes, margines with strong and long spines, luminae slender, texture thick or membranous and palely brown. Fronds subclustered or approaching, simple; stipes short, articulate; laminae usually lanceolate or oblongly lanceolate, entire, apexes linear, herbaceous to coriaceous, smooth. Main vein normally obvious, veilets reticulate, with included veinlets and with hydathodes at the endes. Sori linear, only born in narrow part of lamina, in one line on each side of main vein, covered with paraphyms when young. Spreading all over under surfaces of laminal narrow parts, when maturity.
Spores ellptic, inperispore, exine outline concave-convex or small undulate, stright observed showed rugulate ornamemtationes.
Species of type: Belvisia spicata (L.) Miribel (Acrostichum spicatum L.). Producting in Africa and adjacent islands.
About 15 species, 3 spicies in China.
1a. Laminae elongately lanceolate, supra mid parts attenuated to linear, herbaceous when after dry-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1. B. macronata
1b. Laminae ovately lanceolate or elliptic, upper parts abruptly attenuate into linear, papyraceous or coriaceous after dry.
2a. Fronds with only shor stipes or subsessile, laminal margines undulate—------2. B. henry
2b. Fronds with 0.2 – 2 cm long stipes, laminal margines entire---------------3. B. annamensis
1. Belvisia mucronata (Fee) Cioel., Gen. Fil. 918. 1947.
尖嘴蕨 jian zui jue
Hymenolepis macronata Fee, Gen. Fil. 82. Pl. 6B. f. 1. 1852; Macrolethus macronatus Tagawa; Belvisia formosana (Ogata) Ching; Heminolepis formosana Ogata.
Rhizmes short and decubent, densely covered with roots, sparsely covered with scales; the scales darkly brown, margines longly serrate, luminae elongate, lanceolate. Fronds subclustered, simple; stipes much varied in length, from subsessile to 7 cm long; laminae elongately lanceolate, baese angustate and longly decurrent, upper parts attenuated into linear for fortile parts, sterile parts of lower parts 10 – 30 x (1)3 – 4 cm, after dry palely brown, herbaceous, smooth on both surfaces, entire; fortile parts of upper parts 3 – 12 x 0. 1 –0. 3 cm., after dry slightly reculed on both sides. Main vein raised on both sides, veinlets faintly visible. Sori linear, continuously distributed on laminal fortile parts, in one line on each side of main vein, cevered with peltate paraphysis, fully covered lower surfaces of laminae when maturity.
On tree trunks under forest; 1200 – 1600 m; Tawain and Yunnan [ subtropic Asia, from Si Lanka to Bolinisiya and Indo-China penisula].
Specimen of the type collected from Malaysia.
2. Belvisia henryi (Hieron) Tagawa in Harr, Fl. East. Himal. 490. 1966.
隐柄尖嘴蕨 yin bing jian zui jue
Hymenolepis henryi Hieron. ex C. Chr. Dansk Bot. Archiv. 6(3): 67. f. 1. 1929.
Rhzomes short and decumbent, sparsely covered with darkly brown , serrte lanceolate scales. Fronds subclustred, nearly sessile or very short stiped; laminae ovately lanceolate or elliptic, bases attenuated and longly decurrent nearly to basel joint parts of stipe; upper parts abtruptly contracting into linear for born sori, sterile part 20 – 30 x 3 – 5 cm; fertile parts 6 – 30 x 0.2 – 0.3 cm. incontracted at base, bases longly acuminate, after dry coriaceous, smooth on both sides, slightly undulate along margin. Main vein raised on both sides, veinlets obscure. Sori linear, in one line on each side of the main vein, spreading all over on under surfaces of laminal fortile parts when maturity
On tree trunks or on rocks with mosses under forest; 114 – 1520 m.; Yunnan [ S.W. Himalaya, Tailand, and N. Vietnan.]
Specimem of type collected from Yunnan.
3. Belvisia annamemsis (C. Chr.) Tagawa, Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 22: 107. 1963.
显脉尖嘴蕨 xian mai jian zui jue
Hymenolepis annamemsis C. Chr. Dansk Bot. Ark. 6 (3): 68. f. 1. 1929; Belvisia callifolia (Christ) Copel.
Rhizomes short and decumbent, covered with darkly brown, serrate lanceolate scales. Fronds subclusterd; stipes 2 – 5 cm long, thick ca 2 mm in diam. slightly narrowly winged, bases scaly, brown or straminous; Laminae ovately lanceolate or longly elliptic, bases cuneate, decurrent, upper parts contracting into linear for fertile pairts; sterile parts on lower parts 15 – 25 x 3.5 – 4.5 cm. after dry palely brown to brown, papyraceous, entire; fertile parts ca. 6 – 20 x 0.5 – 1 cm. Main vein srong, raised on both sides, veinlets faintly visible. Sori linear, continuous, in one line on each side of main vein,lightly immersed mesophyll and slightly closse to margin.
Mixed with mosses on shady and wet tree trunks under forest; 800 – 1100 m; Hainan [ Laos, Tailand and Vietnan].
Specimen of type collected from Vietnan.
12. Drymotaenium Makino in Bot, Mag. Tokyo 15: 102. 1901.
丝带蕨属 si dai jue shu
Small epiphytic fern. Rhizomes short and decumbent, covered with lanceolate denticulate black scales. Fronds nearly approaching; stipes articulated; Laminae longly linear, similar to ‘vttaria” shape, firm, coriaceous, glabrous. Veines obscure, anastomosed 1 – 2 rows of areolae on both sides of main vein and with a few included veinlets. Sori linear, continuous, located in a longidudinal groove on each side of main vein, closse to main vein, covered with peltate paraphysis. Annuli consisting of 14 (-16) incrassated cells. Spores bilateral, elliptic, transparrent and smooth.
Spicies of type in the genus: Drymotaenium miyoshianum (Makino) Makino (Taenitis miyoshiana Makino), Original production in Japon.
Single spicies.
1. Drymotaenium miyoshianum (Makino) Makino in Bot. Mag. Tokyo 15: 102. 1901.
丝带蕨 si dai jue
Taenitis miyoshiana Makino in Bot. Mag. Tokyo 12: 26. 1898; Drymotaenium nakaii Hayata.
The feature is the same with the genus.
On tree trunks under forest. Guangdong, Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Taiwan,Xizang, Yunna and Zhejiang.
3. Lepisorus (J. Sm.) Ching in Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol. Bot. 4: 47. 1933.
瓦韦属 wa wei shu
Pleopeltis Sect.Lepisorus J. Sm. in Bot. Mag. 12. Comp. 13. 1846; Pleopeltis
Hook. Exot. Fl. 1: pl. 63. 1823.
Epiphytic ferns. Rhizomes thick, creeping, densely covered with scales; the scales ovately, rounded, ovately lanceolate or subulatetely lanceolate, blackly brown, intransparent or clathrately trasparent, entire or shortly or longly serrate. Fronds simple, remote or approached, monomorphic; stipes usually shorter, slightly with scales at bases, upward smooth, moustly straminous, less deeply brown; laminae moustly lanceolate, less narrowly lanceolate or subloriformis, margines entire or undulate, usually recurled after dry. Veines obvious, lateral veines often obscure, veinlets anastomoused, areolae with simple or forkid included veinlets. Laminae moustly coriaceous or papyracous, less herbeceous, after dry, glabrous on both surfaces or sparsly covered with small scales on under surface. Sori large size, rounded or elliptic, converged or linesr, in one row on each side of main vein, covered with paraphysis when young; paraphysis much roundly peltate, entire or denticulate, less stellate or scaly, luminae big, transparent, often brown in mid parts, palely colour on margines. Sprangia subpyriform, longly stolked, longididunal annulus, consisting of 14 incrassated of celles; less sporagia subrounded, annuli consiting of unobviously incrassate. Spores ellptic, experispore, exinel outlines irregular undulate, unclear rugulate ornamamentaion by straight observed, sometime reticulate or feveolate ornamentaion. Chromosome 2n = 39, 46, 50, 52, 70, 74, 94, 95, 100, 148, 150.
Genal type: Lepisorus thunbergianus (Kaulf.) Ching (Pleopeltis thunbergiana Kaulf. = Polypodium lineare Thunb. 1784, auct. non Burm. 1768, auct. non Houtt. 1783), Oringinal produced in Japon.
This genus is very complicated population from its chromosome numbers and relative morpologic structures. According to grasped limited information at resent, we have primally treated on the population.
About 70 species; mainly in E. Asia, a few to Africa; 58 species in china.
The genus may be divided folleing two sections:
1. Sect. Lepisorus
Mostly overgreen plants; Fronds usually coriaceous, rhizomes with more sclerenchymas; scale usually with dark-brown, intrasparent, narrow belt in mid parts, arealae small (species 1 – 47).
1. Sect. Hymenophyton Ching in Fern Fam. & Gen. China 511. 1991.
Mostly summer green plants; fronds usually herbsceous or thinly papyraceous, rhizomes wiithout or with a few sclerenchymas, scales clathrate, areoae big and trasparent (species 47 -58 ).
1a. Mostly overgreen plant. fronds usually coriaceous; rhzomes with more sclerenchyms; leteral veines anastomosing into areoalae of unequal sizes and with simplely included veinlets; mid parts of scales usually with darkly brown, intrasparent narrow belt, luminae normally smaller ( sect. Lepisorus ).
2a. Luminae of rhizomel scales intransparent, paraphysis stellate.
3a. Laminae loriform, 60 – 70 cm long, widest at middle parts----------1. L. medogensis
3b. Laminae lanceolate, below 30 cm long, widest at 1/3 lower parts.
4a. Laminae 2.5 – 5 cm wide; sori rounded---------------------------------2. L. sodidus
4b. Laminae ca. 1 cm wide only; sori elliptic--------------------------3. L. luchunensis
2b. Luminae of rhizomel scales partly trasparent or all transparent, paraphysis rounded or laanceolate, entire or serrate.
5a. Sori linear or connected into linear when maturity.
6a. Luminae of scales big and trasparent, margines serrate, laminal widest at 1/3 lower parts.
7a. Stipes 2 cm long only; sori born closse to margin-------------------4. L. sinensis
7b. Stipes supra 4 cm long; sori born closse main vein-------------5. L. confluensis
6b. 1-2 rows of luminae of margines of scales transparent only, margin serrate or entire, laminal widest at middle part.
8a. Sori cnnected into linear, slightly breaking only on laminal lower part; margines of scales serrate ----------------------------------------6. L. vittaroides
8b. Sori elliptic, connected into linear when matured, but intermittent; margines of scales smooth or denticulate only--------------------------7. L. subconfluense
5b. Sori rounded or elliptic.
9a. Scale marginal on rhizome 1-2 rows of cells transparent only, others intransparent..
10a. Rhizomes short and decumbent; fronds subclustered.
11a. Plants ca.15 cm tall; stipes 1-1.5 cm long; laminae 1-1.5 cm wide, abruptly narrowed and decurrent at lower 1/3 part; spores with foveolate ornamemtations on surfaces------------------------------------8. L. tosaensis
11b. Plants ca 5 cm tall; laminae ca. 5 mm widem sppatulate, sessile; spores with reticulate ornamentation on surfaces----------9. L paohuashanensis
10b. Rhizomes long and creeping; fronds remote.
12a. Laminae linear, ca 5 mm. wide.
13a. Laminal margines strongly recurled after dry, Sori protruding out of laminal margines and moniliform-----------------------10. L. lewissi
13b. Laminal margines lightly recurled, marmally inprotruding out of margines after dry.
14a. Paraphysis with square big luminae, transparent------------------------------------------11. L. lineaformis
14b. Paraphysis with irregularly small luminae, intransparnt or lightly transparent.
15a. Laminae normally inrecurled, margines flat; Bases of stipes with 4 vascular bundles; spores with feveolate ornamentations on surfaces----------------12. L. angustus
15b. Laminae recurled into concave-convex shapes; bases of stpes with 6 vascula bundeles; spores with reticulaate ornamentations on surfaces------------- ---13. L. heterolepis
12b. Laminae lanceolate, over 1 cm wide.
16a. Laminae densely covered with scales on under surfaces; scale margines on rhizomes serrate.
17a. Laminal widest at middle part, softly coriaceous; sori rounded, big size, born closse to main vein and approximate one to anather---------------------------------------------14. L. oligolepidus
17b. Laminal widest at 1/3 lower part, supra middle abruptly narrowed, longly caudate at apex, hardly coriaceous; sori small, born between main vein and margin and distant one to anather-----------------------------------------15. L. suboligolepidus
16b. Lamimae without or with a few scale onlyon under surfaces; scale margines on rhizomes entire or denticulate only.
18a. Plants reached 35 cm tall. Bases of stipes with 3 vascualr bundeles and arranged in triangular; spores with deepl and aparse feveolate ornamentations on surface------------------------ ---------------------------------------------------------16. :L. tibeticus
18b. Plants far small and no more than 18 cm tall; bases of stipes with 4 vascular bundeles and arranged in quadrangle; spores with big and shallowly holereticulate ornamentations----------------------------------17.L. thunbergianus
9b. Scale luminae of rhizomes all or mostly transparent, with narrow belt in midd part only.
19a. Scale luminae mostly transparent, with intrasparent narrow belt in middle.
20a. Laminae broadly lanceolate, widest at lower 1/3 part; stipes castaneously brown-----------------------------------------------------------------18. L. obscure-venulosus
20b. Laminae narrowly lanceolate, widest at mid part; stipes straminous.
21a. Laminae hardly coriaceous, apexes longly caudate; length of stipes as ca. 1/10 of laminal one-------------------------------------------------------19. L. nylamememsis
21b. Laminae softly coriaceous, apexes mucronate; length of stipes as 1/4 of laminal one----------------------------------------------------------------------------20. L. contortus
19b. Scale luminae all transparent.
22a. Scales of rhizomes ovately rounded, luminae dense and fine, same diameter, mostly fallen from rhizomes when old.
23a. Sori born at or nearly margin; veines visible----------------------21. L. macrosphaerus
23b. Sori born between main vein and margines or slightly nearly main vein, leteral veines obscure.
24a. Laminae with callose narrow margines, widest at mid parts, under surface sparsely covered with adnate scales-------------------------------22. L. marginatus
24b. Laminae without callose margin, widest at lower 1/3 parts, without scale on under surfaces--------------------------------------------------------------23. L asteropis
22b. scales of rhizomes lanceolate, luminae fine and dense, or clathrate, mostly persistent on rhizome when old.
25a. Scale luminae on rhizome with same diameter, margines serrate..
26a. Laminae longly linear, ca. 3 mm wide, margines strongly or slghtly recurled and moniliform when spore matuity---------------------------------------24. L eilophyllus
26b. Laminae loriformis or lanceolate, wide supra 5 mm, margin ex- or slightly recurled and exmoniliform.
27a. Laminae loiformis; Sori born closse to or slightly near margines.
28a. Sori born slightly near margines, inprotruding out margin when maturity-----------------------------------------------------25. L. xiphlopteris
28b. Sori born closse to margines, protruding out margines when maturity.
29a. Rhizomes decumbent; laminae 0.8 – 1.8 cm wide at mid parts-------- ----------------------------------------------------------------26. L. loriformis
29b. Rhizomes creeping; laminae 5 mm wide only at mid parts-------------
-----------------------------------------------------------------27. L. stenistus
27b. Laminae lanceolate; sori born between main vein and margin.
30a. Laminaa narrowly lanceolate, widest below 2 cm.
31a.Laminae ca 1 cm wide only, main vein often reddish---------------
------------------------------------------------------28. L pseudonudus
31b. Laminal wide supra 1 cm; main vein without reddish.
32a.Rhizomes densely covered with deeply brown villoses--------------------------------------------29. L. tricholepis
32b. Rhizomes withou villose -------------------------30. L. lancifolius
30b. Laminae broadly lanceolate, widest parst 2 – 5 cm----31. L. sublinearis
25b. Scale luminae on Rhizmes rectangular, fine and dense, margines entire or slightly denticulate.
33a. Scales narrowly lanceolate or broadly ovate.
34a. Lamianae broad/y ovate, stipes longer.
35a. Laminal apexex longly acuminate, widest parts supra 3.5 cm, Rhizome scale densely adnate, ovate------------------------------------------------32. L kuchensis .
35b. Laminal apexes obtuse, widest parts no more than 2 cm; scales shaggily attache to rhizome, narrowly lanceolate-----------------------------------33. L. magasorus
34b. Laminae oblongly lanceolate or narrowly lanceolate; stipes short.
36a. Laminae oblongly lanceolate, slightly attenuated at base, subsessile---------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------34. L. virencens
36b. laminae lancceolate, base attenuated and longly decurrent, stipes 4.5 – 6 cm long.
37a. Paraphysis bicolour i. e. deeply brown in mid parts, nearly colourless at margines-----------------------------------------------------35. L. scolopendrium
37b. Paraphysis concolor i. e. nearly colorless in mid parts and margins-----
----------------------------------------------------------------36. L. paleparaphysus
33b. Scales ovately lanceolate.
38a. Rhizome scales distinctly bicolor; Frond herbaceous.
39a. Rhizome scales darkly brown in mid parts, margins palely brown, tightly adnated to rhizomes; laminae broadly lanceolate---------------------------------37. L. bicolor
39b. Rhizome scales darkly brown in mid prts, margins subwhite, attached to rhizome by basal one point only; laminae narrowly lanceolate.
40a. Sori born close to main vein-----------------------------------38. L. morisonensis
40b. Sori born close to margins------------------------------------------39. L. subsessilis
38b. Rhizome scales one color; Frond coriaceous.
41a. Frond loriformis; rhizome scales mostly fallen from rhizome when old; sori born close to margins.
42a. Rnizomes suberect; Scale margins with shot teeth----------------40. L.cespitosus
42b. Rhizomes creepin; scale margins palely brown, entire.
43a.Bases of stipes with 5 vascular bundles, arranged in semicircular----------------------------------------------------------41. L. longus
43b. Bases of stipes with 3 vascular bundles, aranged in triangular------ -------------------------------------------------------------------------42. L. affinis
41b. Laminae lanceolate; rhizome scales persistant; sori born close to margins.
44a. Cell walls of rhizome scles all over incrassated, luminae small.
45a. Paraphysis stellate, darkly brown, intransparent------------43. L. ussuriensis
45b. Paraphysis subrounded, mid luminae big and transparent---------------------
------------------------------------------------------------44. L. pseudoussuriensis
44b. Cell wall of rhizome scales unincrassated or mid luminae incrssated and big.
46a. Mid cell wall of rhizome scales incrassated only and brown, marginal cell wall palely yellow----------------------------------------------45. L. gyrongensis
46b. Mid cell wall of rhizome scales incrassated, palely brown or castaneusly black with iridescent polish.
47a. Laminal widest part at mid parts---------------------------------46. L. elegant
47b. Laminae widest part from below meddle to 1/3 lower parts------------------ --------------------------------------------------------------------47. L. iridescens
1b. Mostly summer green plants; frond usually herbaceous or papyraceous; rhizomes without or with a few sclerenchyma; lateral veins anastomosing one line of regular areola on both sides of main vein and with included forked veinlets; scales all clathrate, luminae big and transoarent (Sect. Hymenophyon Ching)
48a. Over green plants; fronds chartaceous.
49a. Stipes of fronds very long, ca.equal to supra 1/2 – 2/3 length of laminae-------------------------------------------------------------------48. L. soulieanus
49b. Laminal stipe usually shorter than 1/3 length of lamina.
. 50a. Laminae ligulate or elliptic. apexes btusely rounded.
51a. Laminae ligulate, annuli narrower---------------------------------49. L. ligulatus
51b. Laminae subelliptic, annuli wider--------------------------------50. L. variabilis
50b. Laminae lanceolate, apexes acuminate.
52a. Laminae usually geayish white on under surfaces when dry, chartaceous; sori densely arranged, contact with one to another after maturity--------------------------------------------------------51. L. patungensis
52b. Lamanae ingrayish white, papyraceous; sori spasely arranged, interval equal to or biger than two sizes of sori.
53a. Laminae subloriformis, long and wide scaled 1 : 3 – 1 : 5; stpes longer. equal to ca 1/4 – 1/2 laminal length------------------------52. L. kasuensis
53b. Laminae lanceolate, long and wide scale ca 1 : 10; stipes shorter, lequl to 1/5–1/6 laminal one-------------------------------------53. L. coaetaneus
48b. Summer green plants, fronds thinly herbacous or herbaceous.
54a.Rhizome scales hebetate at apexes, margins with shortly-teeth----------------------------- --------------------------------54. L clathhratus
54b. Rhizome scales longly acuminate at apexes, margins with longly serration.
55a. Laminae lanceolate, widest at lower 1/3 parts; sori born only supra 1/3 laminal parts-------------------------------------------------------55. L. honanensis
55b. Laminae lanceolate or ligulate, widest at mid parts; sori born all over lower surface of laminae.
56a. Scales on rhizome abundant, tough in texture, persistent; laminae narrowly lanceolate,apexes longlycaudate---56. L. pseudo-clathrate
56b. Scales on rhizome rare, easy breaking and fallen; Laminae unlanceolate, apexes obtuse or shortly mucronate--------57. L. abertii
1. Lepisorus medogensis Ching et Y. X. Lin in Acta Phytotax. Sin. 22 (5): 40l. t. 2: 2. 1984.
墨脱瓦韦 mo tuo wa wei
Plants ca. 60 cm. Rhizomes creeping, densely covered with black lanceolate scales. Fronds approched; stipes 8 – 13 cm. straminous; laminae subbroadly loriformis, attenuated to both ends,apexes longly caudate, bases decurrent, margins undulate, ca. 50 x 50 cm. Nearly papyraceous, greyish-green on both surfaces after dry. Main vein raised on both sides, veinlets slghtly visible, glabrous; Sori ellptic or rounded, located between main vein and margins, covered with stellate paraphysis when young.
On tree trunks; ca. 1750 m.; endemic in Xizang (Motuo).
This species is nearly similar to L. loriform (Wall>) Ching, But scales black, sori lacating between costa and margin.
2. Lepisorus sordidus (C. Chr.) Ching in Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol. Bot. 4 (3): 78. 1933.
黑鳞瓦韦 hei lin wa wei
Polypodium sordidum C. Chr. Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 26: 320. 1931.
Plants ca. 20 – 40 cm. tall. Rhizomes creeping, densely covered with narrowly lanceolate scales. Fronds approched; stipes 3 – 12 cm. long, thick ca. 2 mm. in diam. straminous; laminae ovately lanceolate, widest at lower 1/3 parts, toward bothends rapidly narrowed, apexes longly caudate, bases decurrent, 2 – 5 x 20 – 35 cm. greyish-green, nearly softly coriaceous and smooth on both surfaces after dry. Main veins raised on both sides, veinlets obscure. Sori rounded, biger, ca. 4 mm. in diam. gatherdly attached on upper narrow part on laminae, located between main veins and margins, covered with paraphysis when young. Paraphysis roundly peltate, dackly brown, luminal walls incrssate, partly luminae trasparent, with long and strong spine around sides.
On truks of broad-leaved tree by steam sides; 1200 – 1400 m.; Sichuan and Yunnan.
3. Lepisorus luchunensis Y. X. Lin, Fl. Reipub. Popul. Sin. 6 (2): 50. T. 8: 3 – 5. 2000 & Addenda.
绿春瓦韦 lu chun wa wei
Plants ca. 25 cm. tall. Rhizomes creeping, thick ca. 2 mm. in diam. densely covered with scales at apexes; the scales narrowly lanceolate, apexes longly acuminat, blck, lumnae fine and dense, intransparent, with long spines along margins, thick in texture. Fronds approched; stipes ca. 2 cm. straminous; laminae narrowly lanceolate, apexes longly caudate, bases attenuated and decurrent, 0.4 – 0.8(-1) x 15 – 25 cm. after dry greyish-brown, softly coriaceous, mooths on both surfaces.Main veins raised, veinlets obscure. Sori elliptic, gathereted born in upper narrowly parts of laminae, locating between main veins and margins, covered with paraphysis when young. Paraphysis nearly similar to scale shape, luminal walls incrassed, with long and strong spines around sides.
On tree trunks under overgreen broadleaved forest; 1500 – 1600 m.; endemic Yuannan (Luchun).
4. Lpisorus sinensi (Christ) Ching in Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol. Bot. 4 (3): 63. 1933.
中华瓦韦 zhong hua wa wei
Neurodium sinensis Christ in Bull. Herb. Boiss. 6: 880. 1898; Paltonium sinense C. Chr.; Lemmaphyllum sinense C. Chr. ; Polypodium neurodiodes C. Chr.
Plants 5 – 25 cm tall. Rhizomes creeping, densely covered with lanceolate brown scales. Fronds remote; stipes 1.5 – 3 cm, stranminous, widest at lower 1/3 parts, to up 1/3 parts abtruptly attenuated for attached sori, apexes longly caudate, lower parts attenuated and decurrent, 1 – 2 x 15 – 30 cm, palely greyish or palely green, papyraceous or chartaceous, glabrous on both surfaces when dry. Main veins raised, veinlets obscure or slightly visible. Sori linear, gathered born in 1/3 parts of laminal apex, slightly close to and parallel with margin and margins.
On tree trunks or rocks under overgreen broadleave forest; 1200 – 3600 m.; Yunnan [ Bhutan,Myanmr and Thailand]. Specimen of type collected from Yunnan (men zi)
5. Lepisorus confluense W. M. Chu in Acta Bot. Yun. Suppl. 5: 55. f: 36. 1992.
汇生瓦韦 hui sheng wa wei
Plants 15 – 25 cm. tall. Rhizomes long and creeping, thick 2 –4 mm. in diam. densely covered with scales; the scales lanceolate brown, apexes acuminate, luminae rectangular, margins serrate. Fronds remote; stipes 1.5 – 2.5 cm. straminous or brown; laminae narrowly lanceolate, widest at mid or nearly lower 1/3 parts, 15 – 25 x 1.5 – 1.8 cm. up to neary 1/3 parts abtruptly attenuate for fortile parts, apexes longly caudate, bases cuneate and decurrent, subcoriaceous, greyish green or palely green, glabrous on both surfaces after dry. Main veins raised on both sides, veinlets obscure. Sori shortly linear at beginning, connected into longly linear when maturity, but intermittend, locating between main veins and margins, slightly close to main veins, covered with paraphysis when young. Paraphysis rounded, squamous shape, big luminae, brown at margins.
On tree trunks under overegreen broadleave forest; 2300 – 2600 m. ;endemic in Yunnan.
6. Lepisorus vittarioides Ching in Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol. Bot. 4 (3): 64. 1933.
线囊瓦韦 xian nang wa wei
Plants ca. 15 cm tall. Rhizomes slender and creeping, densely covered with lanceolate scales. Fronds remote; stipes ca. 3 cm. Deeply straminous; laminae linearly lanceolate, widest at mid parts, attenuated to both ends, apexes longly caudate, bases decurrent, 0.2 – 0.6 x 15 - 23 cm.,palely brown, papyraceous, glabrous on both surfaces when dry. Main veins raised on both sides, veinlets obscure. Sori linear, continuous from mid parts, nearly to apexes, parallel with main veins and margins.
Yunnan (mengzi).
7. Lepisorus subconfluens Ching in Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol. Bot. 4 (3): 85. 1933.
连珠瓦韦 lian zhu wa wei
Plants 15 – 27 cm tall. Rhizomes long and creeping, densely covered with lanceolate scales; the scale with chestnutly black and opaque broadly belts at mid parts, margins with 1 – 2 rows of trasparent cells and serrate along all sides. Fronds sparsed; stipes 3 – 5 cm. straminous; laminae linear, yellowish green after dry, coriaceous , lightly recurled at margins. Main veins raised on both sides, veinlets obscure. Sori eilliptic or roundded, conttached from each other when maturity. Paraphysis subround, bicolor, i.e. brown in mid parts and margins nearly colorless, entire.
On tree trunks or rocks under mixed forest; 2600 – 3600 m.; endemic Yunnan.
8. Lepisorus tosanensis (Makino) H. Ito in J. Pap. Bot. 11: 93. 1935.
阔叶瓦韦 kuo ye wa wei
Polypodium tosaense Makino in Bot. Mag. Tokyo 27: 127.1913; Polypodium linear Thunb. var. caudatum Makino; Polypodium infraplancostale Hayata; Lepisorus infraplancostali (Hayata) Ching; Polypodium morii Hayata; Polydium haozanense Hayata.
Plants 15 – 30 cm. tall. Rhizomes short and decumbent, densely covered with lanceolate scales: the scales deeply brown, mostly luminae intransparent, maginal 1–2 rows of cell brownish and transparent only. Fronds clustered and approched; stipes 1–5 cm. straminous; laminae lanceolate, widest at mid parts, attenuated to both ends, apexes acuminate, bases attenuated and decurrent, 1 – 2 x (10-) 13 – 20 cm. brownish or grayish green, coriaceus, glabrous on both surfaces after dry. Main veins rainsed on both sides, veinlets obscure. Sori rounded, gathred born in upper half parts of laminae, located between margins and main veins, cevered with brownish, rounded paraphysis when young.
On tree trunks or rocks under forest, or in limestone crevoces; 650 – 1700 m.; Anhui, Fujian, Guangdon, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hunan, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Xizang, Yunnan and Zhejiang.[Japon]. Specimen of type collected from Japon.
9. Lepisorus paohuashanensis Ching, Fl. Jiangsu first volium 74. f. 113. 1997.
百华山瓦韦 bai hua shan wa wei
Plants 5 – 14 cm. tall. Rhzomes short and ascending, densely covered with lanceolate scales; mid parts of the scales deeply brown, intransparent, magnal 1–2 rows of cells transparent only. Fronds lustered; nearly sessile; laminae subspatulate or oblanceolate, 3 – 7 x 0.4 – 0.6 cm. bases attenuated and decurrent, apexes acute or obtuse, yellowish or greyish green, papyraceous after dry. Main veins raised on both sides, veinlets obscure. Sori rounded, nomally gathered born on supra mid parts of laminae,located between margins and main veins.
On tree trunks or in rock crevices under forest; 100 – 1600 m.; Anwei, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizou, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Xiazang and Zhejiang. Specimen of type collected from Zhejiang (bai hua shan).
10. Lepisorus lewisii (Baker) Ching in Bull. Fan Mem. Inst Biol. Bot. 4: 65. 1933.
庐山瓦韦 lu shan wa wei
Polypodium lewisii Baker, J. Bot. 201. 1875.
Plants 9–15 cm. tall. Rhizomes slender and creeping, densely covered with lanceolate scales; the scales deeply brown, intransparent, maginal 1–2 rows of cells brownish, transparent, denticulate. Fronds approched; stipes 0.5 – 2 cm or subsessile, straminous; laminae linear, apexes obtuse, bases lightly attenuate and decurrent, 6–15 x 2–4 cm., margins strongly recurled and wraped up sori and showing moniliform, coriaceous, yellowish. Main veins raised on both sides, veinlets obscure. Sori eilliptic, gathered born at upper half part of laminae, located between main veins and margins, deeply immersed in mesophyll, covered with paraphysis when young. Praphysis brown, luminae biger, transparent, entire.
On soil or rock crevices under forest by stream sides; 280 – 1100 m.; Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hunan, Jiangxi, Sichuan and Zhejiang. Specimen of type collected from Jiangxi (Lushan).
11. Leisorus lineariformis Ching & S. K. Wu in Fl. Xizang. 1: 309. f. 76: 1 – 4. 1983.
线叶瓦韦 xian ye wa wei
Plants 10 – 20 cm. tall. Rhizomes long and creeping, densely covered with lanceolate scales; the scales darkly brown and with intransparent narrowly black belts at mid part, 2 – 3 rows of laminal luminae subrectagular, transparent and denticulate. Fronds remote; stipes 0.5 – 1.5 cm, straminous; laminae linear, 10 – 20 x 0. 3 – 0. 5 cm apexes acuminate, bases attenuate and decurrent, margins flat or slightly reflexed,. greenish on both surfaces after dry. Main veins raised on both sides, veinlets obscure. Sori rounded, gathered bornat upper half parts of laminae, located between margins and main veins, covered with paraphysis when young. Paraphysis transparent, brown, round, lumina subsquare.
On tree trunks or rocks in overgreen broadleve forest; 850 – 2200 m.; endemic Xizang (Motuo).
12．Lepisorus angustus Ching in Fan Mem. Inst. Biol. Bot. 4: 86. 1933.
狭叶瓦韦 xia ye wa wei
Lepisoru pseudo-angustus Ching; Lepisorus nachuanensis Ching et Z.Y.Liu; Lepisorus niger Ching.
Plants 12 – 25 cm. tall. Rhizomes long and creeping, densely covered with lanceolate scalrs; the scale mid parts intrasparent, brown, marginal 1 – 2rows of luminae elongate and transparent. Fronds approached; Stipes 1.5–3 cm. straminous; laminae elongately lanceolate, apexes longly acuminate, attenuated to base and longly decurrent, 0.3 –0. 5 x 10 – 22 cm. greenish or yellowish green to grayish green, coriaceus after dry. Main veins raised on both sides, veinlets obscure. Sori eilliptic, rounded or shortly club-shape, gathered born at upper half parts of laminae, locaded between margins and main veins, covered with deeply brown, subrounded parphysis when young.
On tree trunks or rocks under forest; 900 – 3500 m.; Anhui, Gansu, Guangxi, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan, Xizang and S.Zhejiang. Specimen of typr collected from Sichuan.
13. Lepisorus heterlepis (Rosenst.) Ching in Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol. Bot. 4: 86. 1933.
异叶瓦韦 yi ye wa wei
Polypodium linear var. heterilepis Rosenst. In Fedde, Repert. 12. 147. 1913; Polypodium loriformis var. heterolepis C. Chr.; Polypodium linear var. monilisorum Hayata; Lepisorus monilisorus (Hayata ) Tagawa.
Plants 15 – 30 cm. tall. Rhizmes creeping, densely covered with lanceolate scales; the scale mid part intransparent, brown, marginal 1 – 2 rows of cells brownish, transparent, thick dentate. Fronds approached; stipes ca. 1 cm. long straminous; laminae linearly lanceolate, widest at midd parts, apexes shortly caudate, attenuated and long decurrent nearly to base, ca. 0.5 x 30 cm. after dry, greyish green, coriaceous, margins distinctly recurled and undulately projecting on supra half parts. Main veins raised on both sides, veinlets obscure. Sori subeiliptic, gathered born at upper parts of laminae, located between margins and main vein, covered with rounded, brown, entire paraphysis when young. Spores monolete, with reticulate ornamemtations on surfaces.
On tree trunks or rocks under forest; ca. 2300 m. Yunnan.
14. Lepisorus oligolepidus (Baker) Ching in Bull. Fan Mem. Insti. Biol. Bot. 4: 80. 1933.
鳞瓦韦 lin wa wei
Polypodium oligolepidum Baker, Gard. Chron. n. s. 14: 494. 1880; Polypodium linear var. oligolepidum Christ; Polypodium trabeculatum Copel.
Plants 10 – 20 cm. tall. Rhizomes creeping, densely covered with lanceolate scales; the scales mid parts brown, intransparent, marginal 1 –2 rows of cells brownish, transparent, serrate. Fronds subapproched; stipes 2 – 3 cm. straminous, robust; laminae lanceolae to ovatly lanceolate, widest at mid parts or nearly 1/3 lower parts, 1.5 – 3.5 x 8 – 18 cm, apexes acuminate, attenuated and decurrent to bases, covered with deeply brown, transparent lanceolat scales on under surface, glabrous on upper surface, yellowyish green, softly coriaceus when dry. Main veins robust and raised on both sides, veinlets obscure. Sori rounded or eillipic, reached 0.5 mm in diam. contancted, gathered born at supra mid parts of laminae, sterile on the ends, located between margins and main veins, covered with rounded, deeply brown paraphysis when young.
On shady places on slopes or tree trunks or rock crevices under forest; 170 – 2300 m.; Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi,Guizhou, Henan, Hunan, Jiangxi, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan, Xizang and Zhejiang.[Japon].
15. Lepisorus suboligolepidus Ching in Bull. Fan mem. Inst. Biol. Bot. 4: 77. !933.
拟鳞瓦韦 ni lin wa wei
Plants 15 – 28 cm tall. Rhizomes creeping, densely covered with lanceolate scales; the scale mid parts intrasparent, brown, maginal 1-2 rows of luminae transparent only, serrate. Fronds approched; stipes 1.5 – 3 cm. straminous; laminae lanceolate, widest normally at lower 1/3 part, upper 1/3 part abtruptly attenuate, apexes longly acuminate, attenuated and decurrent to bases, 1.5 – 2.5 x 15 – 28 cm. grayish yellow, subhardly coriaceus, nearly glabrous on surfeces, or with sparsely scales ocationaly on under surfaces. Main veins robust, raised on both sides, veinlets fainitly visible. Sori rounded, usually gathered born at upper parts of laminae, smaller, located between margins and main veins, covered with brown, nearly multangular shape paraphysis when young.
On tree trunks or rocks under forests on slopes; 1000 – 3200 m.; Hubei, Sichuan, Taiwam and Yunnan. Specimen of type collected from Yunnan.
16. Lepisorus tibetica Ching & S. K. Wu, Fl. Xizang. 1: 311. f. 78: 8-13. 1983.
西藏瓦韦 xi zang wa wei
Plants 15-35 cm. tall. Rhizomes creeping, densely covered with lanceolate scales; the scales brown and intransparent in mid parts, marginal 1-2 rows of luminae transparent, brownish and serrate. Fronds approached; stipes 1-5 cm. straminous; laminae linearly lanceolate to lanceolate, apexes longly caudate, attenuate and longly decurrent to bases, 12-32 x 0.5-1.8 cm. greyish-green to grayish yellow, normally covered with dark soil on under surfaces, thinly coriaceous when dry. Main veins raised on both sides,veinlets obscure. Sori rounded or eilliptic, gathered born at supra mid parts, located between margins and main veins, covered with brown, entire and subrounded paraphysis when young.
On tree trunks or in rock cevices under densely forest; 1900-3700 m.; Sichuan, Yunnan and Xizang. Specimen of type collected from Xizang.
17. Lepisorus thunbergianus (Kaulf.) Ching in Bull. Fan mem. Inst, Biol. Bot, 4: 88. !933.
瓦韦 wa wei
Pleopeltis thunbergianus Kaulf. Wesen. d. Farrnkr. 113. 1827; Polypodium linear Thunberg; Pleopeltis nuda Hook; Pleopeltis elongata Kze.; Lepisorus myrisorus Ching; Lepisorus calcifer Ching & Z. Y. Liu; Lepisorus pygmaeus Ching & Z. Y. Liu; Lepisorus simulans Ching & Z.Y.Liu.
Plants 8-20 cm. tall. Rhizomes creeping, densely covered lanceolate scales; the scales brown, mostly intransparent, marginal 1-2 rows of luminae transparent and serrate. Fronds remote; stipes 1-3 cm. long, straminous; laminae linearly lanceolate or narrowly lanceolate, widest at mid parts, apexes acuminate, bases attenuate and decurrent, 5-20 x 0.5-1.3 cm. yellowy green to yellowish green, or greenish to brown, papyraceous, after dry. Main veins raised on both sides, veinlets obscure. Sori rounded or eilliptic, nearly contacted after maturity, covered with rounded and brown paraphysis when young.
On tree trunks or rocks under forests on slopes; 400-3800 m. Anwei, Fujian, Gansu, Guizhou, Hebei, Hubei. Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Yunnan, Xizang and Zhejiang.[ Japon, Korea peninsula, Phillippines]. Specimen of type collected from Japon.
18. Lepisorus obscure-venulosus (Hayata) Ching in Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol. Bot. 4: 76. 1933.
粤瓦韦 yue wa wei
Polypodium obscure-venulosus Hayata, Ic. Pl. Form. 5: 322. 1915.
Plants 10-20 (-30) cm. tall. Rhizomes creeping, cavered with broadly lanceolate scales; the scales with deeply brown and intransparent narrow belts in mid parts, the other most luminae transparent, entire. Fronds normally remote; stipes 1-5 (7) cm. long, usually brownly castaneus or straminous; laminae lanceolate or broadly lanceolate, widest normally at 1/3 lower part, apexes longly caudate, attenuated and decurrent to bases, 1-3.5 x 12–25 (-30) cm. greenish or yellowish green, subcoriaceus after dry, spasely adnated with scales along under sides of main veins. Main veins raised on both sides, veinlets obscure; Sori rounded, big size, reached 0.5 mm. in diam. subcontacted after maturity, covered with rounded and brown in mid parts of paraphysis, when young.
On tree trunks or rocks under forest; 400-1700 m.; Anwei, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hunan, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Yunnan and Zhejiang.[Japon]. Specimen collected from Taiwan.
19. Lepisorus nylamemsis Ching & S. K. Wu, Fl. Xizang. 1: 311. f. 76: 8-12. 199983.
聂拉木瓦韦 nie la mu wa wei
Plants 12-25 cm. tall. Rhizomes creeping, densely covered with ovately lanceolate scales; the scales with intransparent narrow belts in mid parts. Fronds remote; stipes 1-1.5 cm long, stramineous; laminae narrowly lanceolate, widest in mid parts, apexes longly caudate, attenuate and decurrent to bases, 0.7-1 x 1-22 cm, yellowish, thinly coriaceous after dry. Main veins raised on both sides, veinlets obscure. Sori eilliptic, gathered born at supra half part of laminae, located between margins and main veins, covered with big luminae, transparent, rounded and brown parapphysis when young.
On tree trunks or wet rocks in the mosses under open forest; 200-2650 m. Xizang [ India]. Specimen of type collected from Xizang ( zhangmu).
20. Lepisorus contortus (Christ) Ching in Bull. Fan. Mem. Inst. Biol. Bot. 4: 90. 1933.
扭瓦韦 niu wa wei
Polypodium contortum Christ, Bot. Gaz. 51: 347. 1911; Polypodium lineare var contortum Christ; Lepisorus jinfoshanensis Ching & Z.Y.Liu/
Plants 10-25 cm. tall. Rhizomes long and creeping, densely covered with scales; the scales ovately lanceolate, with intransparent, deeply brown narrow belts in mid parts, polished, serrate. Fronds slightly approached; stipes (1-)2-5 (-6) cm, long, normally straminous, lessbrown; linearly lanceolate or lanceolate, widest in mid parts, apexes shortly acuminate, bases attenuate and decurrent, 9-23 x 0.4-0.11(-0.13) cm. after dry recurled, greenish on upper surface, grayish yellowly green on under surfaces, nearly softly coriaceous. Main veins raised on both sides, veinlets obscure. Sori rounded or ovately rounded, gathered born in supra mid parts of laminae, located between margins and main veins, covered with brown in mid parts and rounded paraphysis when young.
On tree trunks or rocks under forest; 700-3000 m.; Anwei, Fujiang, Gansu, Henan, Hubei, Ji9angxi, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan and Zhejiang. Specimem collected from Sichuan ( emeishan).
21. Lepisorus macrspaerus (Baker) Ching in Bull. Fan Mem. Inst Biol. Bot. 4; 73. 1933.
大瓦韦 da wa wei
Plants 20-40 cm. tall. Rhizomes creeping, densely covered with scales; the scales brown, ovate, apexes obtuse, mid luminae subrectangular, luminalwalls incrassate and deeply color, marginal luminae submultangular, colorish, easy fallen when old. Fronds approached; stipes normally 4-15 cm. long, mostly straminous; laminae lanceolate or elongately lanceolate, apexes shortlt acuminete, bases attenuate and decurrent, entire or slightly undulete, 15-30 x 1.5-4 cm. yellowish green or brown on upper surface, greyly green or brownish on under surface, thickly coriaceous after dry, sparsely covered with less scales on under surface. Main veins raised on both sides, veinlets normally obscure. Sori rounded or eilliptic, highly raised on under surface of laminae, depresed on upper surface of laminae, close to margins, covered with rounded, brown and entire paraphysis when young.
On tree trunks or rocks under forest; 1340-3400 m.; Guizhou, Sichuan and Yunnan. Specimen of type collected from Yunnan ( Menzi).
1a. Fronds 15-35 x 1.5-5 cm.
2a. Fronds 15-30 x 1.5-4 cm.long, thickly coriaceous, veinlets obscure----21a. f. macrospaerus
2b. Frondd 35 x 5 cm. papyraceous, veinlets visible under lifht------------------ 21b. f. masimus
1b. Fronds much small, 7-10 x 0. 7-0.10 cm.-----------------------------------------------21c.f. minimus
21a. f. macrspaerus
大瓦韦 (原变形) da wa wei (yuan bian xing)
Polypodium macrspaerum Baker in Kew Bull. 55. 1895; Polypodium intramariginale Christ.
Fronds 15-30 x 1.5-4 cm. long, thick-coriaceus, veinlets obscure.
On tree trunks or rocks under forest; 1340-3400 m.; Guizhou, Sichuan, Yunnan, Xizang.
21b. f. maximus (Ching) Y. X, Lin, Fl. Reipubl. Popul. Sin. 6(2): 64. 2000.
大叶瓦韦 da ye wa wei
Lepisorus macrosperus (Baker) Ching var. maximus Ching, Fl. Xizang. 1: 303. 1982.
Laminae mach big, reached 35 cm long, 5 cm wide at mid parts, papyraceous, veinlet visible under light.
On slope rocks; 870-2300 m. Hubei, Yunnan and Xizang.
21c. f. minus (Ching) Y. X. Lin, Fl. Reipubl. Popul. Sin. 6 (2): 65. 2000.
Lepsorus macrospaerus (Baker) Ching var.minimus Ching, Fl. Xizang. 1: 304. 1982.
Plants very small, laminae 7-10 cm. long, 0.7- 0.1 cm wide.
On slope rocks; 2000-2500 m.; Yunnan and Xizang.
22. Lepisorus marginatus Ching, Fl. Tsingling. 1: 184. 1974.
有边瓦韦 you bian wa wei
Plants 18-25 cm. tall. Rhizomes creeping, thick 2.4 mm in diam., brown, densely covered with brown soft hairs and scales; the scales subovate, luminae fine and dense, deeply brown, bases usually adherent soft hairs and easy fallen when old. Fronds approached or remote; stipes 2-7 (-10) cm. straminous, smooth; laminae lanceolate, 15-25 x 2-3 (4) cm, widest at mid parts, acuminate, attenuated and decurrent to bases, margins with callose narrow edges, after dry undulate, more or less reflexed, yellowish green on both surfaces, glabrous on upper surface, more or less with adnate ovatis brown small scale on unde surface. Main veins raised on both sides, veinlets obscure. Sori rounded or eilliptic, located between margins and main, highly raised on under surface, depressed on upper surface, covered with brown, rounded paraphysis when young.
On tree trunks or rocks under forest; Gansu, Hebei, Henan, Hubei, Shaanxi, Shanxi and Sichuan. Specimen collected from Sichuan.
23. Lepisorus asterolepis (Baker) Ching, Fl. Jiangsu 1: 74. f. 112. 1977.
黄瓦韦 huang wa wei
Polypodium astelepis Baker in J. Bot. 230. 1888; Polypodium macrospaerus var. asterolepis C. Chr.; Lepisorus macrospaerus var. asterolepis (Baker) Ching; Lepisorus longipes Ching & Y.Y.Liu.
Plants 12-28 cm tall. Rhizomes long and creeping, brown, densely covered with lanceolate scales; the scale bases ovate, luminae fine and dense, transparent, brown and easy fallen from rhizome when old. Fronds remote or approached; stipes 3-7 cm. straminous; laminae broadly lanceolate, apexes roundly obtuse, widest at 1/3 lower parts, abruptly attenuated into cuneate and decurrent to bases, 10-25 x 1.2-3 cm., normally yellow or yellowish on both surfaces after dry, smooth, or sapsely ocationaly covered with adnate scales, margins susally flat or slightly undulate, coriaceous. Main veins raised on both sides, veinlets faintly visible. Sori rounded or eilliptic, gathered born at supra half parts of laminae, located between margins and main veins, raised on under surfaces and depressed on upper surfaces of laminae, contacted when maturity, covered with rounded, brown and transparent paraphysis when young.
On tree trunks or rocks under forest; 1000- 3500 m.; Anwei, Fujian, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hubei. Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan, Xizang and Zhejiang [ S. India, Japon, Nepal ]. Specimen collected from Shaanxi (huxian).
24. Lepisorus eilophyllus (Diels) Ching in Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol. Bot. 4: 65-66. 1933.
高山瓦韦 gao shan wa wei
Polypodium eilophyllus Diels in Engl. Jahrb. 29: 204. 1901; Polypodium invoolutum Baker; Polypodium lewisii Christ; Polypodium lineare Christ; Polypodium contortum Christ; Lepisorus pseudolewisii Shing = Lepisorus neolewisii Shing.
Plants 15-37 cm tall. Rhizomes creeping, strong, densely covered with lanceolate scales; mostly luminae of the scales brown, intransparent, cell walls incrassate, cell luminae small, margins with colorless transparent narrow edges and erosed, bases broadly ovate, apexes shortly acuminate. Fronds remote or approached; stipes subsessile to 3 cm.long, straminous, sparsely covered with scales; laminae longly linear, widest usually at 1/3 lower part, apexes shortly acuminate, bases attenuated and decurrent, 12-30 x 1.5-3.5 cm. after dry margins strongly or slightly reflxed into interstiniform, raddish brown, grey-brown or greenish on noth sides, herbeceous or thinly papyraceous. Main veins raised on both sides, veinlets slightly visible, sparsely covered with adnate scales on main veins and laminae under surfaces. Sori rounded or elliptic, located between margins and main veins, slightly close to main veins, covered with paraphysis when young. The paraphysis rounded, mid luminae big and transparent, entire, brown.
On tree trunks or rocks under forest; 1000-3300 m.; Gansu, Guizhou, Hubei, Sichuan, Yunnan and Xizang [ N. India, Thiland. Sikkin].
25. Lepisorus xiphipteris (Baker) W. M. Chu ex Y. X. Lin, Fl. Reipubl. Popul. Sin. 6 (2): 68. 2000.
云南瓦韦 yunnan wa wei
Polypodium xiphiopteris Baker in Kew Bull. 13. 1906; Lepisorus yunnaensis Ching.
Plants 25-45 cm tall. Rhizomes decubemt, thick 3-4 mm in diam. hard, densely covered with scales; the scales brown, luminae same diameter, clathrate, transparent, lanceolate, apexes longly acuminate, margins with thick and long serrations. Fronds slightly approached; stipes 1.5-5 cm. straminous, apexes longly caudate, attenuated and decurrent to bases., margins undulate, 10-40 x 1.8-2.2 cm. after dry, brownish on both surfaces, or greenish on upper surface, greyly green on under surface, papyraceous. Main veins raised on both sides, veinlets obscure. Sori rounded or elliptic, located between margins and main veins, covered with paraphysis when young. Paraphysis substalate or squamous, big lumina and trasparent, cell walls incressate, deeply brown, with long thick spine arroud sides.
On tree trunks under mixed forest or open rocks; 1700-2600 m. Yunnan, Xizang.
26. Lepisorus loriformis (Wall.) Chinh in Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol. Bot. 4: 81. 1933.
带叶瓦韦 dai ye wa wei
Polypodium loriforme Wall., Cat. n. 271. 1828; Drynsria loriforma J. Sm.; Polypodium excavatum var. loriforme C. Chr.; Polypodium subimmersum Baker; Polypodium lineare var. loriforme Takeda;
Plants 20-30 cm. tall. Rhizomes decumbent, densely covered with scales; the scales ovately lanceolate, black, luminae same diameter, big and transparent, margins with thick serrations. Fronds clustered or approached; subsessile; laminae longly linear, apexes acuminate, 13-25 x ca. 0.3 cm. after dry margins strongly recurled, yellowish on both surfaces, coriaceous to thickly coriaceous. Main veins raised on both sides, veinlets obscure. Sori subovate, rounded or shortly clavate, located between margins and main veins, close to margins, usually covered by recurled margins, and undulate. Paraphysis irregular shape, prodruding along margins, subblack.
On tree trunks or in rock crevices under forest; 2000-3000 m.; Gansu, Hubei, Shaanxi, Sichuan and Yunnan Specimen of type collected from Hubei.
27. Lepisorus stenistus ( C. B. Clare) Y. X. Lin, Fl Reipubl. Popul. Sin. 6 (2): 69. 2000.
狭叶瓦韦 xia ye wa wei
Polypodium lineare var. steniste C. B. Clarke, Trans. Linn. Soc. Bot. 11: 559. 1880; Polypodium lineare var.steniste Bedd.; Lepisorus loriformis var. stenistus Ching; Lepisorus zosterifolius Ching & y. X. Lin.
Plants 30-50 cm. tall. Rhizomes creeping, densely covered with scales; the scales lanceolate, brown, luminae same diameter, clathrate, transparent, margins thickly serrate. Fronds remote; stipes 2-8 cm. straminous; laminae loriformis, apexes longly caudate, attenuated and longly decurrent to bases, margins undulate, 20-60 X ca. 0.5 cm., after dry yellowish green or brown on both surfaces, chartaceous or coriaceous. Main veins raised on both sides, veinlrts obscure. Sori rounded or elliptic, born close to margins, covered with stlate paraphysis when young, projected outside of margin when maturity.
On tree trunks or rocks under forest; Yunnan and Xizang [[ N. India, Myanmar, Nepal, Sikkim]. Specimen of type collected from Sikkim.
28. Lepisorus pseudonudus Ching in Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol. Bot. 4: 83. 1933.
长瓦韦 chang wa wei
Lepisorus bilouensis Ching & Y. X. Lin.
Plants 15-20 cm. tall. Rhizomes creeping, densely covered scales; the scales lanceolate, deeply brown, clathratus, transparent, bases broadly ovate, apexes longly caudate, margins with thick and long spines. Fronds subapproched; stipes 2.5-5 cm. stransminous or sometime reddish including main veins; Laminae narrowly lanceolate to sublinear, apexes longly caudate, attenuated and longly decurrent to bases, 10-25 (-30) X (0.3-)0.5-1.5 cm. after dry grayish green or brownish on under surfaces, greyish green on upper surfaces, margins slightly recurled. Main veins raised on both sides, veinlets obscure. Sori round or elliptic, locaded between margins and main veins, covered with paraphysis; the paraphysis openedly palmate, margins with fingered longly spines and brown.
On tree trunks or rocks under forest; 2300-4150 m.; Gansu, Sichuan, Yunnan and Xizang.
29. Lepisorus tricholepis Shing & Y, X. Lin, Fl. Reipubl. Popul. Sin. 6(2): 70. 2000.
软毛瓦韦 ruan mao wa wei
Plants ca. 30 cm. tall. Rhizomes long and creeping, densely covered scales and brown villoses, thick ca. 4 mm. in diam.; the scales triangularly lanceolate, deeply brown, luminae big, transparent, margins with thick and long spines. Fronds subapproached; stipes 5-13 cm. straminous; laminae lanceolate, apexes shortly acuminate, attenuated and decurrent to bases, 17-25 X 1.9-2 cm. after dry yellowish on both surfaces, softly coriaceous. Main veins raised on both sides, veinlets obscure. Sori rounded or elliptic, located between margins and main veins, close to main veins, covered with more dividing braching, brown and big luminal parphysis when young.
In rock crevices on high mountain; ca. 3500 m.
30. Lepisorus lancifolius Ching in Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol. Bot. 11: 75. 1941.
披针瓦韦 pi zhen wa wei
Plants 15-20 cm. tall. Rhizomes creeping, densely covered with lanceolate scales; the scale base broadly ovate, apexes with long awns, clathrate, same diameter, margins dentate, tough and uneasy breaking. Fronds slightly approached; stipes 1-2 cm. brownish; laminae lanceolate, apexes short acuminate, attenuated and decurent to bases, margins flatly straight, 14-25 X 1.4-2.4 cm. after dry reddish brown on both surfaces, or slightly brownish on under surfaces, papyraceous. Main veins slightly raised on both sides, veinlets slightly visible. Sori rounded, located between margins and main veins, covered with stellate deeply brown paraphysis when young.
On rocks under mixed forest; endemic in Yunnan.
31. Lepisorus sublinearis (Baker) Ching in Bull. Fan. Mem. Inst. Biol. Bot. 4: 78. 1933.
滇瓦韦 dian wa wei
Polypodium sublineare Baker, Takeda, Notes. R. Bot. Ghard. Edinb. 8: 276. 1915.
Plants 15-25 cm. tall. Rhizomes creeping, strong and densely covered with scales; the scales lanceolate, bases ovate, apexes longer awned, clathrate, same diameter, thiner and easy broking. Fronds approached or remote; stipes 1-5 cm., strong and straminous; laminae broadly lanceolate, widest at lower 1/3 parts, apexes shortly acuminate, attenuated and decurrent to bases, 15-30 X (1.6-) 2-5 cm. after dry grayish green or brownish on both surfaces, chartaceous or subcoriaceus. Main veins raised on both sides, veinlets obscure. Sori rounded,gathered in upper half parts of laminae,located between margins and main veins, covered with stellate brown paraphysis when young.
On tree trunks or rocks under forest; 1850-2500 m.; endemic Yunnan.
32. Lepisorus kuchenensis (Y. C. Wu) Ching in Bull. Fan Mem, Inst. Biol. Bot. 4: 69. 1933.
瑶山瓦韦 yao shan wa wei
Polypodium kuchenensis Y. C. Wu & al. In Bull. Bot. Res. 16 (1): 24. 1996.
Plants 15-30 cm. tall. Rhizomes long and creeping, strong and densely covered with adnate scales; the scale sublongly ovate, brownish, clathrate, luminae subsquare, same diameters, margins slightly undulate, memrtaneous. Fronds remote; stipes 2-7 cm. stramineous or brownish; laminae broadly lanceolate, widest at mid or nearly lower 1/3 parts, apexes acute or longly caudate, attenuated or abruptly attenuated and decurrent to bases, margins flatly straight or slightly undulate, 12-30 X 3.5-6 cm., after dry deeply brown on both surfaces, or grayish green on upper surface or greenish on under surface, normally membraneous, less herbaceous or thinly papyraceous. Main veins raised on both sides, veinlets obviosly visible. Sori rounded or elliptic, big size, reached 0.5 cm. in diam. located between margins and main veins, covered with paraphysis when youn; the paraphysis rounded, big luminae and brown.
On tree trunks or wet rocky cliffs under forest; 1200-1700 m.; Guangxi, Guizhou, Taiwan, and Yunnan. Specimen of type collected from Guangxi (yaoshan).
33. Lepisorus magasorus (C.Chr.) Ching in Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol. Bot. 4: 79. 1933.
宝岛瓦韦 bao dao wa wei
Polypodium megasorum C. Chr., Ind, Fil. 544. 1906; Polypodium hypochrysum Hayata; Polypodium kawakamii Hayata.
Plants 10-20 cm. tall. Rhizomes creeping, densely covered with scales; the scales brownish, bases ovate, lanceolate, attenuated to apexes , luminae subrhomboid to rectangular, clathrate, margins denticulate. Fronds remote; stipes 2-10 cm or more, stramineous to deeply brown; laminae nearlyellipticly lanceolate or narrowly lanceolate, widest at 1/3 lower parts, acuminately obtuse at apexes, attenuated and longly decurrent to bases, margins flatly straight, 12-40 X 0.8-2.2 cm., after dry deeply brown on both surfaces, hardly coriaceous. Main veins raised on both sides, veinlets obscure. Sori rounded, usually gathered born in upper half parts of laminae or contacte parts nearly apexes of laminae, located between margins and main veins, covered with paraphysis when young; the paraphysis subrounded, brown, big luminae, transparent and membranous.
On tree trunks under forest; 500-3000 m.; endemic Taiwan.
34. Lepisorus virencens Ching & S. K. Wu, Fl. Xizang. 1: 306-307. 1983.
绿色瓦韦 lu se wa wei
Plants reached to 20 cm. tall. Rhizomes creeping, densely covered with scales; the scales lanceolate, mid luminae subsquare, margins subentire. Fronds slightly approached; Stipes nearly sessile to 1.5 cm. long, stramineous, laminae oblongly lanceolate, apexes shortly acuminate, attenuated and decurrent to bases, margins smooth, 12-21 X 2-3.7 cm. after dry greenish on both surfaces, herbaceous. Main veins raised on both sides, veinlets disdinct. Sori rounded or elliptic, gathered born in upper half parts of laminae, located between margins and main veins, covered with paraphysis; the paraphysis rounded, brown, brownish on margins.
On tree trunks or rocks under forest; 1425-2500 m.; Yunnan and Xizang. Specimen of type collected from Xizang (jilon).
35. Lepisorus scolopendrium (Ham. ex D. Don.) Menhra & Bir, Res. Bull. Panjab. Univ. Sci. n. s. 15: 168. 1965.
棕鳞瓦韦 zong lin wa wei
Polypodium scolopendrium Ham.aqud. D. Don. Prod., Fl. Nep. 1. 1825; Lepisorus excavatus var. solopendrium (Ham.) Ching.
Plants 15-30 cm. tall. Rhizomes creeping, strong and densely covered with scales; the scales lanceolte, brown, luminae subsquare and transparent, apexes acuminate, entire. Fronds remote or approached; stipes 2-5 cm., sparsely wth scales at bases, stramineous; laminae elengatly lanceolate, widest at nearly lower 1/3 parts, apexes acute or longly caudately acuminate, margins nearly flatly sraightly or slightly undulate, 15-45 X 1-4 cm. after dry reddish brown on both surfaces, herbaceous or thinly papyraceous. Main veins raised on both sides, veinlets slightly visible. Sori rounded or elliptic, usually gathered born in upper half parts of laminae, located between margins and costa, close to main veins, covered with paraphysis when young; the paraphysis rounded, brown and entire.
On tree trunks or rocks under forest; 500-2800 m.; Guizhou, Hainan, Sichuan,Taiwan, Yunnan and Xizang [ N. India, Nepal].
36. Lepisorus paleparaphysus Y. X. Lin, Fl. Reipubl. Popul. Sin. 6 (2): 75. 2000.
淡丝瓦韦 dan si wa wei
Plants 15-40 cm. tall. Rhizomes strong and creeping, densely covered with scales; the scales lanceolate, mid luminae broadly square, deeply brown, marginal luminae smaller, brownish and entire, tightly adnated on rhizomes. Fronds approached or remote; stipes nearly sessile to 3 cm.long, stramineous; laminae elongatly lanceolate to broadly lanceolate, widest usually at lower 1/3 parts, attenuated to up, acute at apexes, attenuated and decurrent to bases or abruptly attenuated straightly to joint of rhizomes, margins flatly straight, 7-40 X 1-3.5 cm. after dry brownly green or greenish or yellowly green to yellowish green and less greyly green on both surfaces and covered with adnanet scales on under surfaces, papyraceous. Main veins raised on both sides, veinlets obviously visible. Sori rounded, located between margins and main veins, close to main veins, covered with paraphysis when young; the paraphysis rounded, brown in mid parts, brownish along margin and entire.
On tree trunks or rocks under forest; 2300-2800 m.; Guizhou, Hainan, Sichuan, Taiwan, Yunnan and Xizang [N. India, Nepal]. Specimen collected from Yunnan (yangbi).
37. Lepisorus bicolor Ching in Bull. Fan Mem. Inst Biol. Bot. 4: 66. 1933.
二色瓦韦 er se wa wei
Polypodium caxcavatum var. bicolorTakeda; Polypodium oligolepidium Christ.
Plants 15-30(-35) cm. tall. Rhizomes strong, 5 mm. in diam., and creeping, densely covered with adnate scales; the scales broadly ovately lanceolate, apexes acuminate, luminae fine and dense, subblack in mid parts, margins brownish and with irregular sharp spines. Frondd approached or remote; stipes (1-) 2-6 (-8) cm. robust ca. 1 mm. in diam., sparsely with scales; Laminae lanceolate, widest at mid or lower 1/3 parts, attenuated to both ends, apexes acuminate or obtuse, bases cuneate and longly decurrent, margins flatly straight and entire, (8-) 13-28 X 1-4 cm. after dry brownish or greyly green on both surfaces, smooth on upper surface, under surface sparsely with adnate scales, herbaceous or subpapyracous. Main veins raised on both sides, veinlets normally obscure. Sori big size, elliptic or subrounded, usually gathered born in upper half parts or near end of laminae, close to main veins, covered with paraphysis when young; the paraphysis subrounded, mid luminae big and transparent, cell walls incrassed, black, with irregular luminae aroud sides, brown, membraneous, erose along margins.
In crevices among rocks by stream sides under forest or by road sides of mountain slope; 1000-3300 m.; Guizhou, Sichuan, Yunnan and Xizang.
38. Lepisorus morrisonensis (Hayata) H. Ito in Jap. Bot. 11: 92. 1935.
白边瓦韦 bai bian wa wei
Polypodium morrisorium Hayata in Bot. Mag. Bull. Bot. Res. Tokyo 23: 77. 1919.
Plants 10-30 cm. tall. Rhizomes strong, creeping and densely covered with scales; the scales broadly lanceolate, mid luminae small, square to rectngular, cell walls incrassated, cell cavities narrow, deeply brown, intransparent, margins brownish and transparent and usually erose, acuminate at apexes, by one point attached on rhizomes. Fronds normally approached; stipes 1-3 cm. stramineous, spasely with scales; laminae narrowly lanceolate to elongately lanceolate, widest at mid parts, apexes acuminate or shortly acute, bases attenuated and decurrent, margins flatly straight, 12-30 X 1-3 cm., after dry greenish on both surfaces or greyly green on upper surface, yellowish on under surface, herbaceous to chartaceous. Main vein raised on both sides, spsrsely with scales along under sides, veinlets visible. Sori rounded, located between margins and main veins,slightly close to main veins, covered with paraphysis when young; the paraphysis rounded, big luminae, transparent and brown.
On tree trunks or rocks under forest; 1300 - 4100 m.; Sichuan, Taiwan, Yunnan and Xizang [ N. India, Nepal, Sikkin]
39. Lepisorus subsessile Ching & Y. X Lin, Fl. Reipubl. Popul. Sin. 6 (2): 77. 2000.
短柄瓦韦 duan bin wa wei
Plants 10-25 cm. tall. Rhizomes creeping and densely covered with scales; the scales lanceolate, mid luminae small, cell walls incrassed, sublongly square, deeply brown, toward margin brownish to nearly colorless, luminae shortly square, transparent, margins erose, apexes shortly acuminate, bases broadly ovate. Fronds remote; stipes 0.5-1.5 cm. subdeeply brown, hard and smooth; laminae elongately lanceolate, apexes shortly acuminate, bases attenuated and decurrent, margins slightly recurled, 20-25 X 1-1.5 cm., after dry deeply brown on upper surface, greyly brown on under surface, hardly coriaceous. Main veins raised on both sides, veinlets obscure. Sori rounded, gathered born in upper half parts of laminae, close to margins, and located between margins and main veins, covered with paraphysis when young; the paraphysis rounded, luminae small, brown and transparent.
On rocks of shady places under forest; ca. 1000 m.; endemic Guangxi (feng shan)
40. Lepisorus cespitosus Y. X. Lin, Fl. Reipubl. Popul. Sin. 6 (2): 77. 2000.
丛生瓦韦 cong sheng wa wei
Plants 15-25 cm. tall. Rhizomes short and decumbent, densely covered with scales; the scales lanceolate, deeply brown, luminal walls incrassed, cavities small, subsquare, bases broadly ovate, upward attenuate into long awned in end, margins dentate, thick in texture. Fronds clustered; stipes nearly sessile, or 0.5 cm. stramineous; laminae lanceolate,widest at mid or lower mid parts, upward attenuated into longly caudate at apexes, downwards attenuated and decurrent nearly to bases of stipes, margins flatly straight or slightly undulate, 13-30 X 1.3-1.8 cm, after dry brownish on upper surfaces, grayish green or yellowish on under surface, subpapyraceous. Main veins raised on both sides, veinlets obscure. Sori rounded, located between margins and main veins, close to margins, covered with paraphysis when young; the paraphysis stellate and deeply brown.
On Tree trunks or rocks under everygreen broadleved forest; 1600-2000 m. endemi in Xizang.
41. Lepisorus longus Ching in Acta Phytotax. Sin. 10 (3): 192. 1965.
长叶瓦韦 chang ye wa wei
Lepisorus longifolius Ching & C. H. Wang.
Plants ca. 45 cm. tall. Rhizomes long and creeping, densely covered with scales at apexes (mostly fallen from old one); the scales ovately lanceolate, apexes acuminate, bases subrounded, luminae subshortly quare, upper ones subrectangular, walls inrassated, deeply brown, marginal walls of luminae thin, brownish and entire. Fronds remote; stipes 5-10 cm. long, straminou to deeply brown, smooth; laminae elongate to lanceolate, apexes acuminate, bases cuneate and decurrent, 15-30 X 1-2.2 cm. margins flatly straight or lightly recurled, after dry greenish on under surface, brownish upper surface, or brown on upper surface, yellowish green on under surface, coriaceous. Main veins raised on both sides, veinlets obscure. Sori rounded, gathered born in upper half parts of laminae, or attached only in a parts of apexes, located between margins and main veins, covered with brown ,rounded paraphysi when young.
On tree trunks under forest; 900-1200 m.; endemic Hainan.
The species differ with next one L. affinis Ching, except plants different sizes, rhizomes of the species with 11 vascular bundles in transvers sections, bases of stipes with 5 vascular bundles, but A. affinis separately with 14 vascular bundles and 3 vascular bundles in rhizomes and bases of stipes.
42. Lepisorus affinis Ching in Acta Phytotax. Sin. 8: 152. pl. 22: 28. 1959.
海南瓦韦 hai nan wa wei
Plants 67-70 cm. tall. Rhizomes long and creeping, densely covered with scales at apex; the scales ovately lanceolate, brownish, apexes acuminate, bases broadly rounded, luminae same diameter, brownish, trasparent, entire. Frond remote; stipes 5-10 cm.long, straminous to deeply brown, hard, smooth; Lamine broadly loriformis, attenuated to both end, apexes obtus or acuminate, bases narrowly cuneate and decurrent, entire, ca. 60 X 2.5-3.2 cm. after dry deeply brown or greyly green on both surfaces, coriaceous, glabrous on both surfaces. Main veins raised on both sides, veinlets obscure. Sori rounded or elliptic, located between margins and main veins, close to margins, covered with paraphysis when young.
On tree trunks under forest; 900-1100 m.; endemic Hainan (qiongzhong).
43. Lepisorus ussuriensis (Regel & Maack) Ching in Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol. Bot. 4: 91. 1933.
乌苏里瓦韦 wu su li wa wei
Pleopeltis ussuliensis Regel & Maack, Mem. Acad. Sci. Ptersb. 7: 4. 175. 1861; Polypodium ussuriense Regal.
Plant 10-15 cm. tall. Rhizome slender and creeping, densely covered with scale; the sclet lanceolate, dark-brown, base subround, cell wall incrassate, lumina big and transparent, slightly same diameter, upward abtruftly narriwed, with long awn sharp end at apex, lumina rectangular, maegin denticulste. Frond apart from 3-22 mm; stipe 1.5-5 cm., stramineous, or brownish to dark-brown, smooth and glabrous; lamina linear-lanceolate, attenuated to both ends, apex short-acuminate, or obtuse, base cuneate and decurrent, 4-13 X 0.5-1 cm. margin slightly reflexed, papyraceous or subcoriacous. Costa raised on bothsides, veinlet obscure. Sori round, located between margin and costa, covered with stallate, dark-brown paraphysis when young.
In rocky crevices under forest or shady place of slope; 750-1700 m.; Anwei, Hebei, Helongjiang, Henan, Jilin, Liaoning, Shandong.
44. Lepisorus pseudoussuriensis Tagawa in Acta Phytotax. Giobot. 5: 110. 1936.
拟乌苏里瓦苇 ni wu li wa wei
Lepisorus angustifrons Tagawa.
Plants 10-20 cm. tall. Rhizomes slender and decurrent, densely covered with scales; the scales lanceolate,deeply brown, bases broadly ovate, laminae big, same diameter, mid ones subrectangular, walls slightly incrassate, upwards attenuate, with long awns apexes, margins shortly serrate. Fronds remote; stipes 1.2-12 cm. brown; laminae linearly lanceolate, apexes shortly acuminate, bases cuneate and decurrent, 10-20 X 0.3-0.8 cm. after dry brown on both surfaces, smooth, margin flatly straight or slightly recurled, papyraceous. Main veins raised on both sides, veinlets obscure.. Sori elliptic,located between margins and main veins, covered with paraphysis when young; the paraphysis subrounded, brown, luminae big, subsquare, transparent.
On tree trunks or rocks whth mosses under forest; 1000-3000 m.; endemic Taiwan.
45.Lepisorus griongensis Ching & S. K. Wu, Fl Xizang. 1: 304. f. 76: 5-6. 1983.
吉隆瓦韦 ji lon wa wei
Plants 15-23 cm. tall. Rhizomes slender and creeping, densely covered with scales; the scales ovately lanceolate, shortly acuminate at apexes, mid luminae elongate, wall incrassate, trasparent, subdeeply brown, entire. Fronds remote; stipes 3-4.5 cm. deeply brown, smooth; laminae lanceolate, apexes shortly acuminate, bases cuneate and decurrent, 15-20 X 0.1-1.2 cm. after dry greyly green on both surfaces, or brown, margin flatly straiht or slightly recurled, papyraceous or thinly herbaceous. Main veins raised on bothsides, veinlets obscure. Sori subrounded,gathered born in supra 1/3 parts of laminae, located between margins and main veins, slightly close to main veins, covered with paraphysis when young; the paraphysis rounded, deeply brown, mid luminae subsqare and transparent.
On rocks under forest; ca. 2380 m. endemic Xizong (jilong).
46. Lepisorus elegans Ching & W. M. Chu in Acta Phytotax. Yun. Suppl.. 5: 56. 1992.
片马瓦韦 pian ma wa wei
Plants 13-23 cm. tall. Rhizomes creeping, densely covered with scales; the scales broadly ovate, luminae big, nearly shortly square to square, transparent, with awn at apexes, entire, ocasionally with shortly intrasparent narrowly belts at bases. Fronds remote or approached; stipes 1-3 cm. long, straminous or deeply brown; laminae lanceolate, attenuated to both ends, apexes longly caudate, bases cuneate and slightly decurrent, 12-20 X 1-1.6 cm. after dry green on upper surface, greyly green on under surface, nearly thinly herbaceous, glabrous on both surfaces. Main veins raised on both sides, veinlets obscure. Sori rounded, gathered born on upper parts of laminae, or supra 1/3 apical parts, located between margins and main veins, covered with paraphysis when young; the paraphysis rounded, luminae small, brown, with awn spines at margins.
On tree trunks under forest; 2100-2300 m.; endemic Yunnan (lushui pianma).
47. Lepisorus iridescens Ching & Y. X. Lin, Fl. Reipubl. Popul. Sin. 6(2): 82. T. 16: 3-4. 2000.
彩虹瓦韦 cai hon a wei
Plants 10-20 cm. tall. Rhizomes creeping, densely covered with scales; the scales lanceolate, bases ovate, attenuated upwards, apexes longly acuminate, luminae subsquare,cell walls slightly incrassate, deeply brown, transparent, margins denticulate; iridescent. Fronds slightly approached; stipes 0.3-5 cm. deeply straminous; laminae lanceolate, widest at mid parts or 1/3 lower parts, upwards 1/3 parts abruptly ayyenuated for attaching sorus, with longly caudate of sterile part at apexes, bases cuneate and decurrent, after dry brown on both surfaces, smooth, margin flatly straight or slightly recurled, coriaceous. Main veins raised on both sides, veinlets obscure. Sori elliptic, gathered born in 1/3 upper parts of laminae, located between margins and main veins, confluent when maturity, covered with paraphysis when young; the paraphysis stallete, deeply brown, with thickly spines along margins.
On tree trunks under evergreen broadleaves forest; 2200-2500 m.; edemic Yunnan (shuangbai).
48. Lepisorus soulieanus (Christ) Ching & S. K. Wu in Acta Phytotax. Sin. 5 (1): 11. 1983.
川西瓦韦 chuan xi wa wei
Pleopeltis soulieanus Christ in Bull. Soc. Bot. Res. France 52: Mem. 1. 15. 1905; Lepisorus petiolaus Y. X. Lin.
Plants 7-17 cm. tall. Rhizomes creeping, densely covered with scales; the scales broadly ovate, luminae subsquare, transparent, cell walls obviously incrassate, with longer awn sharp at apexes, deeply brown, with long and thck spines along margins. Fronds remote; stipes 2-6.3 cm. stramineous, smooth; Lminae lanceolate, widest at 1/3 lower part, apex obtuse, bases unsymmetrical cuneate, decurrent, margin flat, 5-11.5 x 0.8-1.4 cm. after dry greyly green or brown on both surfafeces, subherbeceous or papyraceous. Main veins raised on bothsides, veinlets obscure. Sori rounded, located between margins and main veins, covered with paraphysis when young; the paraphysis small, squamous, clathrate, deeply brown and thickly serrate along margins..
In rocky crevices under forest; 2800-4200 m.; Guangxi, Sichuan, Yunnan.
49.Lepisorus ligulatus Ching & S. K. Wu in Acta Bot. Yun. 5 (1): 1983.
舌叶瓦韦 she ye w
Plants 7-13 cm tall. Rhizomes creping, densely covered with scales; the scales broadly lanceolate, clathrate, basel luminae same diameter, upwards ones subsquare, with longly awn-shape at apexes, deeply brown. Fronds approached; stipes 0.5-3 cm. straminous, smooth; laminae ligulate or spatulate, widest at mid or bitly lower parts, apexes obtuse, bases cuneate, decurrent, 4-10 X 0.7-1 cm. after dry greyly green on both surfaeces, herbaceous or thinly papyraceous, margins flatly sraight or slightlly recurled. Main veins raised on both sides, veinlets obscure. Sori subrounded, usually gathered born in upper half prts of laminae, located between margins and main veins, covered with paraphysis when young; the paraphysis nearly small squamous, clathrate, with long and thick spines along margins and deeply brown.
Endemic in W Sichuan.
50. Lepisorus variabilis Ching & S. K. Wu, Fl. Xizang. 1: 308. 1983.
多变瓦韦 duo bian wa wei
Lepisorus sinuatus Ching & S. K. Wu.
Plants 5-15 cm. tall. Rhizomes long and creeping, thick 2-3 mm. in diam. densely covered with scales; the scales ovately lanceolate, apexes longly acuminate, clathrate, transparent, deeply brown, margins with long and thick spinel serrations . Fronds approached or remote; stipes 1-4 (6) cm. straminous; laminae elliptic-lanceolate, apexes mostly obtuse, bases cuneate, slifgtly unsymmetricl, decurrent, margins flatly straight, 5-15 X 1-2 cm., after dry greyish on both surfaces, glabrous on upper surface, with one or two scales on under surface, thinly herbaceous. Main veins slender, raised on both sides, veinlets faintly visible. Sori subrounded or elliptic, located between margins and main veins, covered with paraphysis when young, the paraphysis squamosous, with irregular big luminae and with thick long spines along margins, deeply brown. Sporingia subrounded, most with broadly annuli. Spores elliptic, sporedems subsmooth or rugulate ornamemtations..
In rocky crevices under thickets or on wet rocks im mosses; ca. 2700-3500 m.; Sichuan, Yunnan and Xizang. [ N.W. India, Kashmir, Nepal]. Specimen of type collected from Xizang (bomi).
51. Lepisorus patungensis Ching & S. K Wu in Acta Bot. Yun. 5(1): 11. 1983.
神农架瓦韦 shen nong jia wa wei
Plants 8-13 cm. tall. Rhizomes creeping, densely covered with scales; the scales lanceolate, bases broadly ovate, clathrate, luninae same diameter and polygonal, trasparent, deeply brown, thin in texture and easy broking, with thick and long spines along margins. Fronds approached; stipes 1-4 cm. straminous; laminae lanceolate, apexes hebetate, bases cuneate and decurrent, 6-15 X 0.6-1. 3 cm., after dry greyly brown on both surfaces, or brown on upper surface, brownish on under surface, papyraceous or subcorisceous. Main veins raised on both sides, veinlets obscure. Sori rounded, gathered born in supra 2/3 parts of laminae, located betweent margins and main veins, coverd with paraphysis when young; the paraphysis small squamous, luminae big and transparent, deeply brown, with long slines along margins.
On tree trunks under forest or rocks by road sides in forest edge; ca. 2300 m.; Hubei, and Sichuan. Specimen of type collected from Hubei.
52. Lepisorus kansuensis Ching & Y. X. Lin in Acta Bot. Yun. 5 (1): 17. 1983.
甘肃瓦韦 gansu wa wei
Plants 14-21 cm. tall. Rhizomes creeping, densely covered with scales; the scales ovately lanceolate, with hair-shape, acuminate at apexes, luminae big and transparent, same diameter, deeply brown, with openeing thick and long spines along margins. Fronds normally approached; stipes 3.5-6 cm.long, straminous; laminae linearly lanceolate, apexes acuminate, bases cuneate and decurrent, 12-15 X 0.6.5-0.9 cm., after dry greenish on both surfaces, or greenish on upper surface or grely greenish on under surface, papyraceous. Main veins raised on bothsides, veinlets obscure. Sori subrounded, located betweent margins and main veins, distance from to anather ca. equal to 1-2 voliums of sorus, covered with paraphysis when young; the paraphysis squamous, luminae big and transparent, deeply brown, with long spines along margins.
In rocky crevices on slope; ca. 2700 m.; Gansu and Shanxi.
53. Lepisorus coaetaneus Ching & Y. X. Lin in Bull. Bot. Yun. 5 (1): 12. 1983.
金顶瓦韦 jin din wa wei
Lepisorus venosus Ching & S. K. Wu; Lepisorus crassipes Ching & Y, X. Lin.
Plants 8-18 cm. tall. Rhizomes long and creeping, densely covered with scales; the scales broadly lanceolate, lumina big and decurrent, polygonel, same diameter, with long awn shrp at apexes, deeply brown, with thick and long spines along margins. Fronds remote or approached; stipes 0.4-4 cm. straminous; laminae linearly lanceolate or lanceolate, apexes hebetate or obtuse, bases cuneate and decurrent, margins flatly straight, 7-16 X 0.6-1.8 cm., after dry yellowly green or deeply brow on upper surface, greyly green on under surface or brownish or greenish on both surfaces, chartaceous or subcoriaceous, glabrous on both surfaces. Main veins raised on both sides , veinlets obscure or raised on both sides. Sori elliptic or subrounded, located between margins and main veins, slghtly close to main veins, covered with paraphysis; the paraphysis small squamous, luminae big and transparent, deeply brown, with thick and long spines along margins.
In shady and wet rocky crevices of slopes or on crocky cliffs by stream sides; 2400-3500 m.; Gansu. Guizhou, Qinghai, Shaanxi and Sichuan.
54. Lepisorus clthratus (C. B. Clarke) Ching in Bull. Fan Mem Inst. Biol. Bot. 4: 71. 1933.
网眼瓦韦 wang yian wa wei
Polypodium clathretum C. B. Clarke, Ferns N. Ind. in Trans. Linn. Soc. Bot. 2: 559. pl. 82. f. i. 1880; Lepisorus nepalensis K. Iwats.
Plants 5-10 cm tall. Rhizomes long and creeping, densely covered with scales; the scales lanceolate, bases ovate, apexes shortly acute, basel luminae nearly shortly square, same diameter, upwards one subrectangular, nearly deeply brown, with shortly dendate along margins. Fronds remote; or slightly approached; stipes 0.7-3 cm. long, slander, straminous; laminae lanceolate, attenuated to both ends, apexes acuminate, bases cuneate, slightly decurrent, margins flatly straight, 10-13 X 1.1-1.5 cm., after dry greenish or brownly green on both surfaces, herbaceous or submembranous. Main veins slightly raised on both sides, veinlets visible. Sori subrounded, located between margins and main veins, covered with squamous paraphysis when young..
On tree trunks of evergreen broadleave forest, or in rocky crevices of slopes or in stone beach of rever; 2000-4300 m.; Sichuan and Xizang [Kashmir, Nepal].
55. Lepisorus henanensis Ching & S. K. Lin in Acta Bot. Yun. 5 (1): 13. 1983.
河南瓦韦 he nan wa wei
Lepisorus shensiensis Ching & S. K. Wu.
Plants 10-20 cm tall. Rhizomes creeping, densely covered with scales; the scales lanceolate, brownish, luminae clathrate and subsquare, upwards ones subrectangulat, with long awn sharp at apexes and with long opened spines along margins. Fronds remote; stipes 3-4 cm. long, slender and straminous; laminae lanceolate, widest at mid or 1/3 lower parts, apexes shortly acuminate, bases cuneate, margins flatly straight, 4-8 X 1-1.4 cm., after dry greyish green on both surfaces, herbaceous. Main veins raised on under side, on upper side flat or slightly raised or depressed in limited places, veinlets obscure. Sori subrounded, located between margins and main veins, covered with paraphysis when young; the paraphysis squamous, luminae big and transparent, with opened thick spines along margins and brown.
In wet rock crevices of mountain slopes; 2800-3800 m.; Henan, Qinghai and shaanxi.
56. Lepisorus pseudo-clathrate\us Ching & S. K. Wu in Acta Bot. Yun. 5 (1): 10-11. 1983.
假网眼瓦韦 jia wang yan wa wei
Plants 5-10 cm. tall. Rhizomes creeping, densely covered with scales; the scales lanceolate, bases suboavte, with long hair-shape at apex, luminae mostly rectangular, walls slightly incrassate, transparent, firm in tecture, with long opened thich spines along margins, castaneusly black., iridecens. Fronds remote; stipes 1.5-4 cm. straminous; laminae narrowly lanceolate, widest at mid or sommetime at 1/3 lower parts, attenuate to both ends, apexes longly caudate, base cuneate and slightly decurrent, margins flatly straight, 7-20 X0.7-1.8 cm., whole fronds usually bened into falcate, after dry deeply green, greenish or brownish on both surfaces, membranous or subherbaceous. Main veins slightly raised on both sides, veilets obviously visible. Sori subrounded, gathered born in 1/3 lower to 1/3 upper parts of laminae, locaded between margins and main veins, covered with paraphysis when young; the paraphysis squamous, luminae irregular, big and transparent, with thick and long spines along margins and deeply brown.
On tree trunks under forest or in shady and wet rocky creviced of mountain slopes; 3200-4300 m.; Sichuan, Yunnan, and Xizang. Specimem of type collected from Yunnan (deqin).
57. Lepisorus albertii (Regal) Ching in Acta Bot. Yun. 5 (1): 20. 1983.
天山瓦韦 tian shan wa wei
Polypodium albertii Regel in acta Hort. Petr. 7: 620. 1881; Polypodium lineare C. Chr.; Lepisorus clathratus Ching ; Lepisorus pumilus Ching & S. K. Wu; Lepisorus thaipaiensis Ching & S. K. Wu; Lepisorus likiangensis Ching & S. K. Wu; Lepisorus papakensis Ching & Y. X. Lin;
Lepisorus maoweneensis Ching & S. K. Wu ; Lepisorus shansiensis Ching & Y. X. Lin.
Plants 5-10 cm. tall. Rhizomes creeping, thick 2-3 mm. in diam. densely covered with scales; the scales lanceolate, bases broadly ovate, attenuate upwords, with long awn at apex, luminae subsquare or shortly rectangular, big and transparent, with thick and long spines along margins, deeply brown. Fronds approached or remote; stipes (1-) 2-10 cm.long, slender, smooth; laminae sublanceolate orlanceolate, attenuated to both ends, apexes obtus or hebetate, bases cuneae, decurrent, margins flatly straight or slightly undulate, 5-22 (-29) X (0.4-) 1-2 (-2.6) cm., after dry greenish to deeply green on both surfaces, or geyish brown or yellowish, herbaceus to papyraceous, glabrous or sparsely with scales on under surface. Main veins raised on both sides, veinlets obscure. Sori subrounded, located between margins and main veins, slightly close to main veins, covered with paraphysis when young; the paraphysis squamous, luminae big and transparent, deeply brown, with long and thick spines along margins.
In shady and wet rocky crevices of maountain slopes or on tree trunks under forest; 1500-4300 m.; Gansu, Hebei, Henan, Nei MongalQinhai, Shaanxi. Shanxi, Sichuan, Tiwan, Yunnan, Xinjiang and Xizang.
15. PYRROSIA Mirbel in Lamk. & Mirbel, Hist. Nat. Ds Veg. 5. 91. 1803.
石韦属 shi wei shu
Mid size epiphytic and apilithic plants. Rhizomes long and creeping, or shortly decumbent, scattered with dictyostele and black sclerenchyma strands, densely covered with scales; the scales peltfexed, brown, whole plant or margins and apexes ciliate. Fronds monophic or dimorphic, approached, remote or sclustered; usually stiped, articulated, sparsely covered with scales on lower parts, upwards usually with sparse hairs; laminae linear to lanceolate, or longly ovate, entire, or rarely hastete or palmete. Main veins distinct, leteral veins obliquely spreading, distinct or obscure, veinlets obscure and joined into diferrent types of areolae and with including veinlets, with a hydathode on end of vei