OLEANDRACEAE [FIRST DRAFT]
条蕨科 tiao jue ke
Zhang Xianchun (张宪春)[1];
1. OLEANDRA Cav., Ann. Hist. Nat. 1: 115. 1799.
条蕨属 tiao jue shu
Plants petrophytic, terrestrial, or epiphytic. Rhizome long, creeping, erect or scandent, freely branched; roots often long and stiff; scales red-brown, thick, patent or appressed, imbricate, peltate at lower base, margin often long ciliate; fronds distant, or clustered; stipes articulate to raised phyllopodia, often occurring in clusters or in whorls; laminae herbaceous, papyraceous, or coriaceous, yellow-brown when dry, simple, entire, lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, margin cartilaginous, glabrous or pubescent and with small scales on lower surface; costa prominent, raised above, veins diverging pinnately, simple or forked, free, costa and veins bearing slender, multicellular hairs and small fimbriate scales. Sori borne in a single row on either side of costa, along the veins, close to costa; indusia red-brown, membranaceus or papyraceous, reniform or rounded reniform, persistent. Spores monolete, ellipsoidal to somewhat spheroidal, surface broad, winglike, echinulate folds or cristate, or echinate to erose.
A pantropical genus. About 40 unclear species badly need revision, mainly from tropical Asia and the Pacific Islands. A few in Africa and South America. 6 in China, one endemic.
Key to species
1a. Rhizome short-creeping or long-creeping; scales not obviously peltate, patent or appressed.
2a. Rhizome short-creeping. ........................................................................... 1. O. intermedia
2b. Rhizome long-creeping.
3a. Rhizome with white waxy under the scales; scales patent; stipes dark-brown. 2. O. wallichii
3b. Rhizome not white waxy; scales appressed; stipes stramineous.
4a. Rhizome scales long triangular; sori close to costa. .................... 3. O. cumingii
4b. Rhizome scales narrowly ovate-lanceolate; sori (1-) 2-5 mm away from costa.
5a. Phyllopodia very short, 1-2 (-5) mm long, immersed in scales. 4. O. musifolia
5b. Phyllopodia 2-12 cm long. 5. O. undulata
1b. Rhizome very long, stiff, erect or suberect, forming thickets ..6. O. pistillaris
1. Oleandra intermedia Ching, Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol. 2: 187, pl. 2. 1931.
圆基条蕨 yuan ji tiao jue
Oleandra guangxiensis S.L. Mo & Y.C. Zhong; O. cantonensis Ching
Plants petrophytic, rhizome short-creeping, diam. 34 mm, not or sometimes with white waxy；roots restricted to the ventral side; scales reddish-brown, dark-brown in basal part, subulate-lanceolate, 67 mm long, ca. 1 mm broad, base rounded, margin entire; fronds distant or in a tuft; stipes and phyllopodia normally 3-7 cm long, seldom up to 15 cm long, stramineous, hairy, phyllopode shorter, 14 cm long; laminae papyraceous, greenish brown when dry, lanceolate, or ovate-lanceolate, 812 cm long, 22.8 cm broad at base, apex short acuminate, base rounded or cuneate, margin slightly undulate, densely ciliate; costa raised on both sides, narrowly grooved above; veins single or 1-2 forked; costa and veins hairy on both sides, more dense on lower side. Sori very close to costa; indusia red-brown, reniform, sparsely pubescent.
In rock crevices; 10002000 m. Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hongkong, and Yunnan. So far not found outside China.
2. Oleandra wallichii (Hook.) C. Presl, Tent. Pterid. 78. 1836.
高山条蕨 gao shan tiao jue
Aspidium wallichii Hook., Exot. Fl. 1: t. 5. 1823.
Plants petrophytic or epiphytic, rhizome long-creeping, diam. 34 mm, white waxy under the scales; roots restricted to the ventral side; scales brown at margin, dark-brown at middle, ovate-lanceolate, patent, 34 mm long, 1 mm broad at base, apex long acuminate, base truncate or rounded, margin fimbriate with long hairs; fronds distant or in a tuft; stipes and phyllopodia 1.53(5) cm long, dark-brown, phyllopodia 12 mm long immersed in scales; laminae herbaceous, greenish brown when dry, lanceolate, 2040 cm long, 24 cm broad, apex caudate, base rounded, margin not undulate, densely ciliate; costa raised on both sides, narrowly grooved above, underside sparsely with small brown, lanceolate scales and paler hairs; veins single or forked at base, hairy underside. Sori very close to costa; indusia red-brown, rounded reniform, ciliate at margin.
Epiphytic or peterophytic in forests, alt. 17002700 m. Guangxi, Taiwan, Sichuan, Xizang, Yunnan [N India, Bhutan, Sikkim, Nepal, N. Myanmar, Vietnam, and Thailand].
3. Oleandra cumingii J. Sm. ex C. Presl, Epim. Bot. 41. 1849.
华南条蕨 hua nan tiao jue
Oleandra chinensis Hance.
Plants terrestrial or petrophytic, rhizome long-creeping, diam. 34 mm, not white waxy; roots restricted to the ventral side; scales appressed, dark-brown, long triangular, 45 mm long, ca. 1 mm broad at base, base truncate or rounded; fronds distant or in a tuft, stipes and phyllopodia 2.55.5 cm long, stramineous, phyllopodia 1.22 cm long; laminae herbaceous, greenish brown when dry, lanceolate, 2034 cm long, 23 cm broad, attenuate to both ends, apex short acuminate, base cuneate, margin not undulate, upper surface and margin glabrous, lower surface pubescent, more dense pubescent beside costa; costa slightly raised on both sides, narrowly grooved above; veins single, or forked at base, rarely forked at middle. Sori very close to costa, irregular in one line; indusia dark-brown, reniform or rounded reniform, glabrous.
On rocky cliffs. Guangdong, Hong Kong [the Philippines].
4. Oleandra musifolia (Blume) C. Presl, Epim. Bot. 42. 1851.
光叶条蕨 guang ye tiao jue
Aspidium musaefolium Blume, Enum. Pl. Jav. 141. 1828; O. whangii Ching; O. hainanensis Ching.
Plants terrestrial or petrophytic, rhizome stiff, long-creeping, apical part erect or suberect, diam. 45 mm, white waxy under scales; roots long, stiff, restricted to the ventral side; scales obviously peltate, imbricate, strongly appressed, dark-brown at middle, pale-brown at apex and margin, narrowly ovate-lanceolate, 3-5 mm long, 0.5-1.5 mm broad at base, apex long acuminate, base rounded or subacute, margin ciliate; fronds distant or in a tuft; stipes and phyllopodia 1-2.5 cm long, stramineous, phyllopodia very short, 12 mm long, sometimes up to 5 mm long, immersed in scales; laminae herbaceous, green or brown when dry, linear-lanceolate, 12-43 cm long, 1.8-3.5 cm broad at middle, apex long acuminate or caudate, base cuneate to rounded, upper surface pubescent or glabrous, lower surface sparsely hairy on veins, margin slightly wavy, not undulate, glabrous; costa raised on both sides, slightly grooved above, sparsely scaly below along costa; veins single or forked at base, rarely forked medially. Sori 2-4 mm away from costa; indusia brown, margin pale-brown, rounded reniform, glabrous.
In dense forests, often on rocky cliffs, 300-1800 m. Guangxi, Hainan, Yunnan [Vietnam, Thailand, Malay, Indonesia and Sri Lanka].
5. Oleandra undulata (Willd.) Ching, Lingnan Sci. J. 7: 565. 1933.
波边条蕨 bo bian tiao jue
Polypodium undulatum Willd., Sp. Pl. 5: 155. 1810; O. yunnanensis Ching.
Rhizome long-creeping, diam. 45 mm, not white waxy; roots restricted to the ventral side; scales dark-brown in the middle, apex and margin red-brown, appressed, narrowly ovate-lanceolate, ca. 6 mm long, ca. 1 mm broad, apex long acuminate, base rounded, margin ciliate; fronds distant or in a tuft, stipes and phyllopodia 1015 cm long, stramineous, phyllopodia 212 cm long; laminae thick papyraceous, brown when dry, lanceolate or broad-lanceolate, 1525 cm long, 24.5 cm broad, apex acuminate, base cuneate to broad cuneate or rounded, upper surface glabrous, lower surface with long hairs along veins, margin undulate, glabrous; costa raised on both sides, narrowly grooved above; veins single or forked at base, rarely forked medially. Sori 2-5 mm away from costa, irregular in one row on each side; indusia thick, red-brown, reniform or rounded reniform, sparsely pubescent.
Terrestrial or petrophytic on sunny slopes, up to 1000 m. Guangdong, Hainan, Yunnan [Myanmar, Vietnam, Laos, Thailand, Malaya, and India].
6. Oleandra pistillaris (Sw.) C. Chr., Ind. Fil. Suppl. 3: 132. 1934.
轮叶条蕨 lun ye tiao jue .
Aspidium pistillaris Sw., Schrad. J. Bot. 1800, 2: 30. 1801.
Rhizome very long, stiff, erect or suberect, scandent, forming thickets, diam. 57 mm, white waxy under the scales; roots very long, stiff, borne on all sides of rhizome; scales obviously peltate, imbricate, strongly appressed, narrowly triangular, 6-7 mm long, ca. 1 mm broad at base, apex acuminate, base subacute, margin subentire, hairy on scales at apex of rhizome, hairs fugacious; fronds verticillate, stipes and phyllopodia 0.3-2.5 cm long, stramineous, phyllopodia about 2 mm long; laminae think papyraceous, linear-lanceolate, 10-40 cm long, 1.5-3.5 cm broad, apex acuminate, base crenate to rounded, glabrous on both surfaces, margin not undulate, glabrous; costa glabrous on upper side, sparsely scaly underside. Sori close to costa; indusia rounded reniform, sparsely pubescent.
On rocky slope, or in forest; 1600 m; Xizang [Nepal, Thailand, India, Java, Sumatra and Malaya].
The Philippine species Oleandra nerriformis Cav. has leaves clustered, not obviously in a whorl, it is conspecific to O. pistillaris (Sw.) C. Chr. or not need more observations.
[1] Herbarium, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 20 Nanxincun, Xiangshan, Beijing 100093, Peoples Republic of China.