Lomariopsidaceae [First Draft]

LOMARIOPSIDACEAE [FIRST DRAFT]

藤蕨科 teng jue ke

Xing Fuwu, Wang Faguo*

Large epiphytic ferns. Rhizomes stout, long scandent, dorsiventral, with roots on the underside and several rows of lamina on their upper sides. Stipes not articulate to rhizome, dictyostelic, densely scaly at base; scales black, lanceolate. Leaves distant, dimorphic, pinnate; the lateral pinnae jointed to rachis. Sterile pinnae lanceolate, margin glabrous serrate; veins free or anastomosing in several series of areoles, without included free veinlets. Fertile leaves with narrow pinnae. Sori acrostichoid, inserted all over the lower surface, without indusia; annulus consisted of 14-22 thickened cells. Spores elliptic.

4 genera of about 40 species pantropical in distribution, mainly in Asia, Africa and Oceania; 2 genera of about 6 species in south and southwest of China.

1a. Veins all free······················································································ 1. Lomariopsis

1b. Veins anastomosing········································································ 2. Lomagramma

1. Lomariopsis Fée, Hist. Acrost. 10, 66. 1845.

藤蕨属 teng jue shu

Large size, high-climbing epiphytes. Rhizome vertically long-creeping, stout, bearing roots ventrally and lamina in 3-5 dorsal rows, dictyostelic, apex densely covered with black and opaque scales. Stipes stramineous, often terete, gradually decurrent into the ridges of the rhizome; lamina simple pinnate, the lateral pinnae articulate to the rachis, terminal pinnae not so, the pinnae equal, lanceolate, coriaceous or chartaceous, glabrescent, margin entire; the veins free, simple or forked, parallel and terminating in the cartilaginous margin, no main veins; fertile pinnae contracted, linear to linear-oblong. Sporangia acrostichoid, completely covering lower surface of fertile pinnae, exindusiate, annulus consisted of 14-22 thickened cells. Spores monolete, brownish, elliptic. 2N =32, 62, 78, 164.

About 20 species: tropic Asia and Africa; 3 species in China.

1a. Lateral pinnae of sterile leaves 3-5 cm wide, apex abruptly narrow to caudate 2-3 cm long 1. L. cochinchinensis

1b. Lateral pinnae of sterile leaves 1.2-2.2 cm wide, apex acuminate.

2a. Lateral pinnae of sterile leaves ca. 18 cm long, ca. 2 cm wide; veins oblique, free, symmetrical 2. L. spectabilis

2b. Lateral pinnae of sterile leaves ca. 26 cm long, 1.2-1.5 cm wide; vertical to costa, but unsymmetrical, occasionally anastomosing to form a small elliptic areole··································· 3. L. chinensis

1. Lomariopsis cochinchinensis Fée, Acrost. 66, t. 26. 1845.

藤蕨 teng jue

Plants long-creeping, up to 3 m long or more. Rhizome about 1-1.2 cm thick, stramineous, apex densely covered with scales; scales dark brown, lanceolate, 5-6 × 1-1.5 mm, base peltate, margin sparse eyelashes, acuminate at apex. Leaves distant, dimorphic, coriaceous, glabrous on both surfaces; stipes 10-20 cm long, brown, grooved above, with scales as the rhizome; juvenile leaves simple, lanceolate, 18-22 × 4.5-5 cm, margin entire, apex caudately acuminate; mature leaves pinnate, elliptic, 35-40 × 15-20 cm, with about 10 pairs of lateral pinnae; pinnae 1.5-2 cm apart, lanceolate, oblique, 12-20 × 3-5 cm, with short stalk ca. 3 mm long, cuneate and ±asymmetrical at base, entire on margin, apex abruptly narrow to caudate 2-3 cm long; lateral pinnae articulate to the rachis, the terminal pinna not so; veins obvious on both surfaces, free, simple or forked, oblique. Fertile pinnae linear, 10-15 × 0.3-0.5 cm, basiscopic ones with stalk 8-10 mm long. Sori acrostichoid, sporangia inserted all over the lower surface. 2N=164.

Creeping on tree trunks under dense forests; 300 m. SE Yunnan [Malesia, Indonesia, Vietnam, Indochina Peninsula]

2. Lomariopsis spectabilis (Kunze) Mett. Fil. Lips 22. 1856.

美丽藤蕨 mei li teng jue

Lomaria spectabilis Kunze in Bot. Zeit. 6: 144.1848.

Rhizomes long-creeping, about 1-1.2 cm thick, rufous, bearing roots ventrally and lamina in several dorsal rows, densely covered with large scales; scales brown, lanceolate, ca. 6 × 2 mm, margin sparsely serrate. Leaves distant, dimorphic, coriaceous; stipes 10-30 cm long, stramineous, grooved above, decurrent into the ridges of the rhizome; juvenile leaves simple, with short stalk, narrowly lanceolate, 20-25 × 1-1.5 cm, narrowly cuneate at base, acute at apex; mature leaves pinnate, with 8-15 pairs of lateral pinnae, short petiolate; pinnae 4-6 cm apart, lanceolate, 12-18 × ca. 1.5 cm, cuneate and decurrent at base, entire or slightly undulate on margin, acuminate at apex, glabrous on both surfaces, lateral pinnae articulate to the rachis, the terminal pinna not so; rachis with narrow wing on upper part; the veins obvious on both surfaces, free, simple or forked, oblique. Fertile leaves long elliptic, similar to the sterile but the pinnae much contracted; pinnae linear, 10-20 × ca. 0.3 cm, subsessile, articulate to the rachis. Sori acrostichoid, sporangia inserted all over the lower surface; perispore consisting of many small wings.

Growing on tree trunks in dense forests; 500-800. Hainan, Taiwan [Borneo, Indonesia, Java, Malaysia, Philippines, Sumatra, Vietnam]

3. Lomariopsis chinensis Ching in Acta Phytotax. Sinica 21(2): 217. 1983.

中华藤蕨 zhong hua teng jue

Rhizomes long-creeping, about 1-1.2 cm thick, stramineous, densely covered with scales, gradually deciduous when old; scales dark brown, broadly lanceolate, ca. 6 × 1.5-2 mm, base peltate, margin sparse eyelashes, acuminate at apex. Leaves distant, dimorphic, thickly papyraceous, dark green when dry, glabrous on both surfaces; stipes 15-25 cm long, stramineous, grooved above, with scales as the rhizome; sterile leaves pinnate, elliptic, 50-60 × 22-25 cm, short petiolulate; pinnae ca. 20 pairs, 3-3.5 cm apart, narrowly lanceolate or nearly linear, 22-26 × 1.2-1.5 cm, short-stipitate ca. 8 mm, articulate to rachis, base ±unequal, narrowly cuneate, entire on margin, acuminate at apex; veins obvious on both surfaces, free, simple or forked, vertical to costa, but unsymmetrical, occasionally anastomosing to form a small elliptic areole. Fertile leaves similar to the sterile leaves but the pinnae much contracted; pinnae linear, 18-26 × 0.25-0.3 cm, basiscopic ones with stalk ca. 8 mm long. Sori acrostichoid, sporangia inserted all over the lower surface.

Creeping on tree trunks under dense forests; 300 m. Endemic to Yunnan (Hekou).

2. Lomagramma J. Sm. in Journ. of Bot. 3: 402. 1841.

网藤蕨属 wang teng jue shu

Large or medium size, high-climbing epiphytes. Rhizome long-creeping, stout, bearing roots ventrally and fronds in 2-4 dorsal rows, dictyostelic with a large channelled ventral strand producing root traces; scales black, lanceolate, clathrate. Leaves distant, dimorphic, chartaceous; stipes long; lamina pinnate or rarely bipinnate, all pinnae or pinnules articulate to the rachis, the pinnae or pinnules often equal, lanceolate, margins entire or serrate; the veins anastomosing to 2-3 rows of areoles or submarginal free vein, without included free veinlets; fertile pinnae contracted, sometimes strongly so, linear to linear-oblong. Sporangia acrostichoid, on the whole pinna or only the margin, exindusiate; annulus consisted of 14-20 thickened cells. Spores elliptic, translucent, smooth to granular, without perispore.

About 15 species in S Asia, SE Asia and Polynesia; 2 species in China.

1a. Apical pinnae of sterile not articulate to rhachis·································· 1. L. matthewii

1b. Apical pinnae of sterile articulate to rhachis···································· 2. L. yunnanensis

1. Lomagramma matthewii (Ching) Holtt. in Gard. Bull. Str. Settl. 9(2): 206. 1937.

网藤蕨 wang teng jue

Campium matthewii Ching in Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol. 1(9): 158, f. 3. 1930; Lomagramma sorbifolium Ching

Rhizomes long-creeping, about 0.3-0.8 cm thick, darkly brown, covered with gray scales dorsally, deciduous when old; scales lanceolate, verminform, ca. 1.5 cm long. Leaves distant, dimorphic, thinly papyraceous, grassly green when dry, sparsely covered with dark brown scales along rhachis undersurface; stipes 15-30 cm long, viridescent, grooved above, sparsely covered with lanceolate, dark brown scales (ca. 1 mm long); sterile leaves pinnate, elliptic-lanceolate, 30-80 × 8-20 cm; pinnae 17-34 pairs, lower pinnae 2-5 cm apart, central pinnae close, linear-lanceolate, 3.5-10 × 1-2.3 cm, articulate to rachis, base rounded truncate, margin crenate, acuminate at apex, apical pinnae narrowly lanceolate, not articulate; rhachis with narrow wing on upper part; veins forming a costal irregular triangular or quinquangular areole and 3 rows distal areoles, without included free veinlets. Fertile leaves with stipes 10-15 cm long; lamina elliptic 50-60 × 15-20 cm, pinnate; pinnae linear, 22-28 pairs, sessile, 2-3 cm apart, 70-90 × 3-5 mm, base broadly cuneate, margin entire, apex long acuminate. Sori acrostichoid, sporangia inserted all over the lower surface only the margins fertile, sometimes the upper pinnae of sterile leaves contracted to fertile pinnae.

Creeping on rocks or tree trunks under dense forests; 300-700 m. Guangdong, Hainan, Hong Kong, Fujian, Yunnan.

2. Lomagramma yunnanensis Ching in Acta Phytotax. Sinica 21(2): 217. 1983.

云南网藤蕨 yun nan wang teng jue

Rhizomes long-creeping, about 1 cm thick, darkly brown, covered with gray scales dorsally; scales lanceolate, verminform, ca. 1.5 cm long. Leaves distant, dimorphic, papyraceous, dark green when dry, sparsely covered with dark brown, vesicular scales along rhachis undersurface; stipes 25-30 cm long, stramineous, grooved above, sparsely covered with narrowly lanceolate, dark brown scales (ca. 2 mm long); sterile leaves pinnate, elliptic, 45-55 × 18-20 cm; pinnae 20-25 pairs, close, lanceolate, sessile, ca. 2 cm apart, 10-12 × 2-2.4 cm, articulate to rachis, base rounded truncate, apex long acuminate, sparsely serrate, entire on the lower part; rhachis dark green when dry, with narrow wing on upper part; veins forming a costal irregular triangular areole and 3 rows distal areoles, without included free veinlets. Fertile leaves unseen.

Creeping on rocks or tree trunks under dense forests. SE Yunnan.