铁角蕨科 tie jiao jue ke
Lin You-xin (林尤興)
More middle or small lithophytic or epiphytic (less terrestrial) herb plants, sometime climbing. Rhizomes creeping, decumbent or erect, covered with hyline clathrate darkly brown or deeply brownlanceolate small scales, glabrous and with dictyostele. Fronds remote, approached or clustered, herbaceous, coriaceeous or subcarnose, smooth, sometime sparsely covered with irregulaly stallate, membranous small scales, stiped, bases exartculate; stipes herbaceous, susally castaneous and polished, or greenish or grass-grey, longitudinal-valleculate on upper sides, two vascular bundles on bases, ovato–rounded or ellipticallyreniform in transverse sections, arranged in “ 八” form of right and left sides, upward combined into “ X” form, one longitudinal-valleculate on upper sides on rachiiale of every time on pinnal fronds, usually with connected narrow-wings on both lateral sides, laminal shapes much varied, simple ( lanceolate, cordate or rounded), pinnatipartiteor often1-3pinnate, occasionally 4-pinnate, compound type of branching anadromous, ultimate pinnules or segments often rhombic or trapeziform, bases asymmentry, margins entire or blunt serrate or lacerate. Veins free, anadromous, 1-multi-dichotomous braching, veinlets unreached to margins, sometime upwards margins more or less connected, on species of finely dividing laminae one single vein on per ultimate segment only. Sori moustly linear, sometime subelliptic, attached along acroscoic sides of veinlets, rearly at basiscopic sides of nearly veinlets, usually indusiate ( subreduced on Cetrach Willd.); indusia thick-membranous, or papyraceous, entire, attached at veinlets by one lateral side, usually opening to main veins or opening oppsiting, species of fine- dividing on laminae one vein and one sorus on per ultimate segment, indusia usually opening to acroscopic margins; sporangia polypod type, annuli vertical, interruptic, consisting of ca. 20 incrassate cells. Spore bilateral, elliptic or reniform, monolete, perispores corrugate, exenes smooth. Chromose me x =12,(36) [ except Boniniella ( x = 19)].
About 10 genera and 700 more spices, distributed in every where of the world, mainly in tropic region.
1a. Fronds simple and individed.
2a. Veins free and never combined nearly margin
3a. Bases of laminae cuneate, rarely rotund, margins usually sinus or serrate, occationally entire-------------------------------------------------1. Asplenium
3b. Bases of laminae cordate, bilateral sides roundly auriculate and broadly sinuate, entire---------------------------------------------------------2. Phyllitis
2b. Veins connected nearly margins, margins entire.
4a. Laminae roundly flabellate or ovate, bases cordate..
5a. Rhizomes short and erect; fronds clustered, laminae roundly flabellate, veinlets unreached to margin and with a obvious expanded hydathode at end--------------------------------Sinephropteris
5b. Rhizomes long and creeping; fronds remote, laminae ovate, veinlets reached to margins, nan hydathode at top------------------6. Boniniella
4b. Lminae lanceolate or oblaceolate, bases cuneate, ocassionally cordate.
6a. Robust epiypitic plants and living in tropical rainforest or seasonl rainforest; fronds big, coriaceus or subcoriaeous, apexes never prolong of whip; ends of lateral veins regularly combined with marginal veinlets that parallel with margins-----------3. Neottopteris
6b. Lithophytic plants living on temperate zone in the N. China; fronds small, herbaceous or subcoriaceous, apexes usually prolongs of whip and rooting; veinlets along both lateral sides of main veins connected into 1-2 rows of long areolea and free to margins-----------------------------------------------------4. Camptosorus
1b. Fronds pinnatipartite or usually one to mult-pinnate.
7a. Laminae lanceolate, pinnatipartite, segments alternate.and arranged in a winding and concave-convex. from each other on plane.
8a. Laminae glabrous under surfaces; veins free, indusia big; growing in crevices among rocks on seasional altnational rigion of dried with wet in S- W China-----------------------------------------------7. Ceterachopsis
8b. Laminae densely covered with imbricate brownish, ovate and persistent scales; weins anastomoused; indusia reduced; growing in crevices among rocks on dried rigion of N-W China-------------------8. Ceterach
7b. Fronds impinnatipartite, laminae lanceolate, elliptic or ovate, one to multi- pinnate, pinnae in symmentricol or asymmentricol arranged on plane--------------------------------------------------------------------1. Asplenium
铁角蕨属 tie jiao jue shu
Lithophytic or epiphytic ( sometime terrestril or climb) herbal plants. Rhizomes creeping, decumbent or erect, densely covered small scales; the scales darkly brown or deeply brown, lanceolate, usually subentire, basifiexed. Fronds remote, approached or clustered, stipeted; stipes herbaceous, castaneous or usually greenish or grass-grey, a longitudinal vallecula on upper side, bitly scaly on bases, laminae simple or often 1-3 pinnate, occasionally 4-pinnate; longitudinal-valleculate on upper siders of every time of rachillae, pinnae or pinnules usually with narrow- wings along both lateral sides on longitudinal valleculae, ultimate pinnules or segments asymmentrical, or sometime dimiately trapeziform, margins serrate or lacerate. veins almostly free, one to multi-dichotomous-branching on ultimate pinnules or one veinlet on per linear segment, veinlets straight and unreached to margins. Fronds herbaceous to coriaceous, sometime subcanous, after dry greenish, green or brown, glabrous. Sori usually linear to subelliptic and straight, attached at one side ( most acroscopic side)on acroscopic one veinlet of per group of veins, single born, rare double born, indusiate; indusia same shape with sori, thick-menbranous or papyraceous, brown or glaucous, entire and opening to main veins or margins; stalks of sporangia long, anuuli constiting of 20-28 incrassate of cells. Spores bilateral, elliptic, perispore corrugate, exine smooth. Chromosome X = 12 (36).
About 660 species, 110 species in China.
1a. Frond simple or 2-3 forked.
2a. Fronds simple, lanceolate, bases more or less decurrent along stipes, occasionally elliptic and bases indecurrent.
3a. Margins of laminae with one black edges; laminae 3-6 (-8.5)cm long, elliptic, apexes obtuse---------7. A. speluncae
3b. Margins of laminae no black edge; laminae above 10cm long, apexes acuminate.
4a. Margins of laminae undulate-crenate or fine sinuate; sori obliquely spreading.
5a Laminal bases narrow- cuneate and slowly decurrent, subsessile or with 2-7 cm short stipe; laminae inpinnatifid on lower parts..
6a. Fronds coriaceous, margins usually crenate or fine sinuate------------------------------1. A. scortechinii
6b. Fronds carnose, margins fine-sinuate or undulate- crenate on upper parts only--3. A. griffithianum
5b. Laminal bases cuneate, more or less suddenly angustate and decurrent, stipes 7-17 cm long; laminae usually pinnatitifid or triangular small projected.
7a. Stipes 7-10 cm long, laminal bases bitly with triangular small projected on basel bilateral sides-----------------------------------2. A. sublongum
7b. Stipes 10-18 cm long, laminae usually pinnatifid on lower parts----------------------------------------------------------4. A. xinyiense
4b. Margins of laminae more or less undulate, unsinuate; sori obliquely up.
8a. Main veins inoboviously raised on under sides------- A. loxogrammioides
8b. Main veins clearly round- raised on under sides-----------6. A. ensiforme
2b. Fronds 2-3 forked, segments linear, 2-3 x 0.1-1.5 cm; sori and indusia linear, all covered on under surfaces of segments and parallel with unclearly main veins-----------------------------------------------------------8. A. septentrionale
1b. Fronds compound, 1-4 pinnate or pinnatifid.
9a. Fronds herbaceous, papyracous or coriaceous, incorrugate on superficies after dry, ultimate segments or pinnae unlinear, with multi-veins and sori; indusia opening to main veins, occasionally to margins.
10a. Fronds small, lanceolate, 1- pinnate, brown membranous winged or eroses - serrate on both lateral edges of longitudinal-valleculate on upper sides of stipes and rachises ( sometime one winged on dorsal rib).
11a. Stipes and rachises brown or deep- brown; upper sides of rachises clearly with brown membranous and entire narrow- wings on bilateral sides of longitudinal-valleculate (including dorsal plane).
12a. Rachises with 2 narrow-wings on upper bilateral sides--------------------------------------------------------9.A. trichomenes
12b. Rchises with 3 wide wings-------------------------------10. A. tripteropus
11b. Stipes and rachises woody-black; upper sides of rachises without wing but with erose-serrations or thorn-like long teeth.
13a. 1-2 pairs of pinnae on bases of rachises often with a axil bud on base------------------------------------------------------11.A. microtum
13b. 1-2 pairs of pinnae on bases of rachises no a axial bud on base.
14a. Pinnae renform or lower ones subovate-------12. A. humistratum
14b. Pinnae elliptic or lower ones subtriangular---------------------- --------------------------------------------13. A. glanduli-serrulatum
10b. Fronds differrent in size, lanceolate to brod- elliptic, 1-4 pinnate or pinnatifid, both leteral sides of longitudinal-valleculate on stipes and rachises without wing and serration but smooth..
15a. Fronds herbaceous or thin-herbaceous, occasionally papyraceous, 1-pinnate, pinnae subdimidiately trapeziform.
16a. leteral pinnae obtuse on apexes, occationally acute.
17a. Rhizomes short and erect, fronds clustered.
18a. Laminae usually 2-3 cm wide, pinnal lenght 1-2 times as wide ----------------------------------------------------14. A. normale
18b. Laminae ca 1 cm wide, laminal lenght as wide------------------------------------------------------15. A. gulinense
17b. Rhizomes long and creeping, fronds scattered.
19a.Sori attached at upper parts of veinlets and located insides of serrations and far from main veins---------16. A. cheilosorum
19b. Sori attached at middle or lower parts of veinlets and located below serrations and closed to main veins.
20a. Lower margins of lateral pinnae strongly bended up and apexes clearly projected downwards.
21a. Upper margins of lateral pinnae lacerate; serrations long and retuse at tops--------------A. retusullum
21b. Upper margins of lateral pinnae shallow-tooth- like.
22a. Upper margins of pinnae serrulate and entire on tops of serruraton; veinlets sprending to sinses between serrulations-------18. A. wulingshanense
22b. Upper margins of pinnae crenatus or broadly blunt serrate and retuse on tops, veinlets spreading to retuses.
23a. Laminae ca 4 cm wide; pinnae ca. 2 cm long, upper margins broad- blunt serrate------------------------------------19. A. latedens
23b. Laminae ca 3 cm wide; pinnae reached to 1.5 cm long, upper margins crenatus------------------------------------20. A. adiantifrons
20b. Lower margins straightly linear or sometime bitly bened to insede and apexes bitly projected downwards.
24a. Upper margins of pinnae sharply serrate and unretuse on tops; stipes (except bases) and rachises glabrous.
25a. Pinnal veinlets spreading to sinses between serrations----------------------21. A. szechuanense
25b. Pinnnal veinlets spreading to tops of serrations--20. A. unilaterale
24b. Upper margins crenate or with thick and blunt serrations and retuse on tops, veinlets spreading to retuse of serration; stipes and rachises all covered with yellowish- brown tomentums.
26a. Apexes of lateral pinnae acute, upper margins with thick and blunt serrations; stipes and rachises all densely covered tomentums -----------24. A. furfuraceum
26b. Apexes of lateral pinnae obtuse, upper margins crenate; stipes and rachises sparsely covered with tomentums.
27a. Plants reached to 25 cm tall, stipes reddish-brown; pinnae ca. 8 mm wide----------------------22. A. quercicola
27b. Plants 28-40 cm tall, stipes castaneousish-brown; pinnae ca. 5 mm. wide-----------------23. A. changputungense
16b. Lateral pinnae acuminate at apexes.
28a. Laminae bitly widened to bases; pinnae rhomboid--------25. A. exisum
28b. Laminae unwidened to base; pinnae bitly rhomboidly lanceolate.
29a. Stipes and rachises glabrous; upper margins of pinnae sharply serrate and entire on tops of serrations; veinlets spreading to tops of serrations.
30a. Pinnal apexes acuminate and pinnatifid; rachises deep- brown and edges of longitudinal vallecula on upper sides greyish-green-----------------------------------20 A. unilaterale
30b. Laminal apesxe quickly attenuated and caudate; rachises greyish-green-----------------------------------26. A. obscurum
29b. Stipes and rachises covered with scales; veinlets spreading to inside of serrations.
31a. Stipes densely covered with rusty brown scales and also sparsely with ones on rachis; fronds papyraceous, pinnal upper margins with inregular sparse crenations and 2 or 3 small crenations on each one; produced in S- E Yunnan ------------------------------------------------27. A. tranpezoideum
31b. Stipes and rachises sparsely covered with deep-brown scales; fronds chartaceous, pinnal upper margins with unregular hebetate serrations; produced in E Guangxi-----------28 A. subtrnpezoideum
15b. Fronds herbaceous, papyraceous or coriaceous, 1-4 pinnate or pinnatifid, pinnae undimidiatly trapeziform.
32a. Fronds 1-pinnate, pinnae lanceolate, magins serrate or crenate, both lateral sides of main veins of pinnae separately with one row of sori, sporangia all opening to main veins; veins unclearly raised on both sides, laminal surfaces ungrooved-ridged-shape.
33a. Laminae imparipinnate, i.e. terminal one piece of pinna free and same or near shape with lateral ones.
34a. Lateral pinnae ovato-lanceolate, terminal pinna 3-forked (sometime 2-forked), veins more or less connected near margins------------------------------------29. A. finlaysonianum
34b. Lateral and terminal pinnnae all lanceolate, veins free--------------------------------------------------30. A. loriceum
33b. Laminae inimparipinnate and pinnatifid to apexes, segments gradually reduced..
35a. Both lateral sides of rachises all with broad- wings, ends of stipes often also with wings on both latera sides----------31. A. alatulum
35b. Rachises with narrow- wings above mid both lateral sides only.
36a. Narrow wings on both lateral sides of rachises decurrent to middle, pinnal margins with single serrations or double serrations.
37a. lower pinnae long acuminate at apexes and bent a bow, margins with sparse and thick serrations-------------------------------------32. A. wrightii
37b. Lower pinnae acuminate at apexes, straight, margins with small serrations.
38a. Sori linear, from main veins spreading out and reached to margins-------------33. A. taiwanense
38b. Sori subelliptic or short-linear, located in middle of pinnae and far from main vein and margin.
39a.Pinnae narrow-lanceolate, base narrow- cuneate subsymemtry----34.A. pseudowrightii
39b. Pinnae lanceolae, bases bitly obliquely broad- cuneate, bitly asymmetry-------38. A. fujianense
36b. Both lateral sides of rachises winged on apexes only..
40a. Pinnal bases very asymemtry, i.e. basel basiscopic side strongly oblique-cutting off------------------------------42. A. matsumurae
40b. Pinnal bases subsymmetry or bitly asymmetry.
41a. Stipes and rachises densely covered with brown fibrillose scales, margins below pinnal topical parts deeply undulate ---------------------------------------------37 A. subcrenatum
41b. Stipes and rachises glabrous or uncovered same scales, pinnal margins serrate from bases up to.
42a. Pinnal margins double serrate----41 A. .dublicatoserratum
42b. Pinnal margins denticulate.
43a. Lower pinnae 4-7 cm long.
44a. Stipes and rachises greyish-stramineous, pinnal margins obviously with sparse serratons------------------------35. A.wrightioides
44b. Stipes and rachises greyish-brown, pinnal marginswith unobviosly denticulatons----36. A. serratissimum
43b. Lower pinnae 10-16 cm long.
45a. Pinnal margins densely denticulate------38. A. fujianense
45b. Pinnal margins sparsely thicker denticulate.
46a. Lateral pinnae reached to 16 pairs----------------40. A. laui
46b. Lateral pinnae 20-22 pairs------------39. A. neomaltijugum
32b.Fronds1-4 pinnate, pinnal multi-forms in shape, but no longly lanceolate, margins eroses or diferrent degree of dividing.
47a. Stipes greenish, grass-grey to deep-brown, laminae papyraceous to coriaceous, usually elliptic, if rachises covered with scales and bases stellate and easy fallen, veins usually cleary raised on both sides, laminal surfaces grooved-ridged-shape; sori multi-rows on both lateral sides ( or acroscopic sides ) of main veins, indusia except opening to main veins and basiscopic ones susally opening to margins.
48a. Fronds 1- pinnate or bipinnatifid.
49a. Fronds imparipinnte, terminal pinnae usually biger than lateral ones.
50a. Fronds coriaceous, after dry deeply brown, pinnal both surfaces grooved-riged-shape-----------------------------------------43. A. falcatum
50b. Fronds firm-papyraceous, after dry darkish- green, pinnal both surfaces without grooved-ridged-shape--------------------------44. A. longjinense
49b. Fronds unimparipinnate, i.e. pinnatifid at apexes, segments becoming Small and small up to..
51a. Laminal bases cobinated with rachises and connected from each other by wings up to------------------------------------------------45. A. adnatum
51b. Laminal bases free from rachises.
52a. Pinnae unparted, margins unregular serrate or laciniate.
53a. Stipes and rachises densely covered with blackish-brown scales.
54a. Stipes and rachises densely covered with stelaete in base and blackish-brown scales-------------------------46. A. asterolepis
54b. Stipes and rachises densely covered with blackish-brown fibrillose scales and gradually fallen when old--------------------------------------------47. A. crinicaule
53b. Stipes and rachises nearly smooth or covered with few reddish-brown fibrillose--------------------------48. A. indicum
52b. Pinnal margins lobeto-incised and usually nearly reached to main veins.
55a. Plants (20-)25-50 cm tall, pinnae rhomboid or rhomboidly lanceolate.
56a. Stipes and rachises densely covered with reddish-brown fibrillose thin scales-------------------49. A. praemorsum
56b. Stipes and rachises without scales or covered with blackish-brown lanceolate scales.
57a. Pinnal stalks 1-4 mm long, segments often shallowloly lobeto-incised at tops.
58a.Laminae linear-lanceolate,apexes acuminate, pinnae rhomboid and obtuse at apexes; producted S-W mainland China and Taiwan------50. A. laciniatum
58b. Laminae elliptically lanceolate and acute at apexes, pinnae romboidly lanceolate and acuminate at apexes; producted in Hainan---------------------. ------------------------------51. A. psedopraemoesum
57b. Pinnal stalks 5-10 mm long, segments bitly crenate at apexes--------------------------------------52. A. saxicola
55b. Plants 15-20 cm tall, pinnae rhoboibic----------53. A. oldhami
48b. Fronds 2-3 pinnate or 4- pinnatifid.
59a. Fronds 2- pinnate to 3- pinnatifid.
60a. Pinnules rhomboid-----------------------------------57. A. qiujiangense
60b. Pinnules spathulate or lingulate or the longly ovate.
61a. Laminae elliptic, mid pinnae usually more than 10 cm long.------------------------------------55A.spathulianum
61b. Lamnae lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, mid pinnae usually no more than 10 cm long.
62a. Stipes 2-4 cm long, including rachises densely covered with deeply brown lanceolate scales-----------54. A. rockii
62b. Stipes much longer, without scales or bitly covered with diferrent above- mentioned kind of scales.
63a. Basel acroscopic pinnules of pinnae undivided and thick crenate at apexes------------56. A. cuniatiforme
63b. Basel acroscopic pinnules of pinnae divided and segments sublacerate at apexes.
64a. Pinnae acuminate or caudatly acuminate to apexes.
65a. Plants stronger, fronds hard-coriaceous, pinnal apexes caudatly acuminate, basel acroscopic pinnules bitly biger than basiscopic ones------------------59. A. austro-chinense
65b. Plants slender, fronds fim-papyraceous, pinnal apexes acuminate, basel acroscopic pinnules much big than basiscopic ones-----------------------------61. A. consimile
64b. Pinnae acute to apexes-------------------------------6 2. A. hainanense
59b. Fronds 3- pinnate or 4- pinnatifid.
66a. Fronds herbaceous, veins unraised on both sides and also no grooved-riged-shape, indusia elliptic, ca. 4 mm. long, glaucous; produced in the mountain area of subtropical region--58. A. bullatum
66b. Fronds chartaceous or subcoriaceous, veins raised on both sides and grooved-riged-shape; indusia linear. raised at both sides and groove- ridge- shape; indusia linear.
67a. Indusia linear, 2-3 mm long, greyish; producted in subtropical region------------------------------60. A. wilfordii
67b. Indusia linear, longer, brown; producted in the tropical region.
68a. Ultimate pinnules broadly obovate, long almostly same with wide, apexes lacerate------65. A. sublaserpitifolium
68b. Ultimate pinnules longer than wide, apexes blunt-serrate.
69a. Stipes and rachises grass-brown or grass-grey, ultimate pinnules rhombicaly rhomboid, wide ca 1 cm, long bitly more than wide---------63. A. neolaserpitifolium
69b. Stipes and rachises grass-grey, ultimate pinnules ligulateor or obtriangularly ovate, wide ca 4 mm, long than two times as wide---64. A. pseudolaserpitifolium
47b. Stipes castaneous, subblack or greenish, usually castaneous to bases, laminae herbaceous or thin-herbaceous, lanceolate or ellipticaly lanceolate, occasionally ovate or triangular, rachises if with scales and entire on bases, laminae flat on superficies and veins unraised; indusia opening to main veins.
70a. Fronds 1- pinnate or bipinnatifid.
71a. Laminal bases combined with rachises, up to connected by narrow-wings---------------------------------------74. A. castaneoviride
71b. Pinnal bases free from rachises.
72a. Apexes of rachises susually prolongating into whip-like, mid pinnae elliptic and pinnatipartite; producte in W- China--------------------------------------------------70. A. yunanense
72b. Apexes of rachises never prolongaing into whip-like, pinnal long in lenght nearly equal with wide, subrhombic or ovato-rounded, margins serrate.
73a. Pinnal margins thick-crenate; producted in Xinjiang, Xizang, Sichuan and Taiwan--------------------------------------72. A. viride
73b. Pinnal margins thick-dendate; producted in in the M. China, E. China and N. China------------------------------------73. A. incisum
70b. Fronds 2-3- pinnate or 4- pinnatifid.
74a. Fronds 2- pinnate or 3- pinnatifid.
75a. Lower pinnae gradually shortened, basel ones often small auriclate.
76a. Fronds linear-lanceolate or narrow- lanceolate, usually 1–1.5(2.5) cm. wide in middle.
77a. Pinnal apexes obtuse, pinnules sessile and combined with rachillae , margins dendate------------70. A. yunnanense
77b. Pinnal apexes sharp, pinnules clearly short stalked and free from reachillae, margins of segments with opening, thick and big sharp serrations---71. A. pseudo-fontanum
76b. Fronds broadly lanceolate, middle 2.5-5 cm wide.
78a. Stipes greenish or castaneous or reddish- brown on under sides and one greenish edge separately on upper both lateral sides-------------------------73. A. incisum
78b. Stipes and rachises ( at least stipe) castaneously brown, upper both lateral sides ingreenish.
79a. Upper parts of stipes greenish up to, segments linear, mid pinnae longly triangular-lanceolatea and without bud at apexes-------------------76. A. barkamense
79b. Stipes and rachises castaneous, laminae rough divided, segments rectangular, mid pinnae elliptically lanceolate and with a bud at apexes-75. A. moupinense
75b. Lower pinnae unshortened or bitly shortened, basel pinnae same shape with upper ones (or bitly longer).
80a. Ultimate pnnules subovate, rounded or rhombic, entire or only unregular dentate.
81a. Stipes and rachises densely covered with globular glands.
82a. Laminae simple or tertnate-bipinnate, laminae and pinnules nearly circular-fan-shaped and dendiculate along margins, fronds thin herbaceous---------------------67. A. suborbiculare
82b. Fronds ternate-bipinnate, pinnules subovate, margins subentire; fronds soft- coriaceous----------------------------68. A. depenense
8lb. Stipes and rachises glabrous.
83a. Pinnae closed from each other, basel a pair of pinnae 1-1.5 cm long, ternate, lateral pinnules ovate or broadly rhombic, margins bitly sharp-dentate, terminal pinnules same shape with lateral ones------------------------------66. A. ruta-muraria
83b. Pinnae far separated from each other, basel a pair of pinnae reached to 1 cm long, lateral pinnules 3-4 pairs, ovate, margins bitly blunt dentate, terminal pinnules rhombic---------------69. A. subtenuiforlium
80b. Ultimate pinnules different shape, margins clearly serrate.
84a. Fronds hard herbaceous or papyraceous after dry.
85a. Stipe ( at least lower half part) blackish –brown, apexes of pinnules broad and blunt serrate or dentate ( rare sharp at apexes).
86a. Laminae triangular, apexes longly acuminate, bases 5-7 cm wide, stipes smooth, pinnae lanceolate------------------------98. A. toramamum
86b. Laminae lanceolate, wide reached to 2.5 cm, apexes acuminate, stipes ( at least lower part) sparsely covered with small scales, pinnae ellipyic, triangular or triangular-ovate.
87a. Margins of pinnules lacerated into linear segments and acute at tops ----------------------79. A. tianshanense
87b. Margins of pinnule only dendate or serrate..
88a Lateral pinnae closed from each other, dowanrds gradually shortened, teeth of pinnule blunt at tops -----------------------------------------------77. A. nesii
88b. Lateral pinnae far from each other, downwards bitly shortened or unshortened, teeth of pinnules sharp at tops---------------------------78. A. altajense
85b. Stipes all greenish ( occationally reddish- brown on bases), apexes of pinnules narrow and sharp serrate or dendate.
89a. Plants small and reached to 8 cm tall, basel acroscopic pinnules on lower pinnae undivided and only sharply serrate.
90a. Pinnae elliptic and acute at apexes, 1-2 pairs of pinnules free and short and sharp teeth at apexes-------------------------80. A. leiboense
90b. Pinnae rhombic, apexes rounded, basel acroscopic pinnules free only and long and sharp teeth at apexes--------------81. A. neovarians
89b. Plants usually ca.15 cm tall, basel acroscopic pinnules of lower pinnae parted.
91a. Laminae elliptic, stipes subsmooth on lower parts, fronds thin in texture, basel pinnae in- or subshortened, segments linear and shorter------------------------------82. A. sarrelii
91b. Laminae lanceolate, lower parts of stipes sparsely covered with blackish-brown lanceolate scales, fronds thick in texture, basel pinnae bitly shortened, segments wider and longer-----------83. A. pekinense
84b. Fronds thin- herbaceous after dry.
92a. Small herb, slender, laminae 7-10 mm. wide, stipes as silk, apexes of rachises usually prolongating to whip-like, pinnules 2-4 pieces, elliptic and entire-------------------------------------84. A. capillipes
92b. Plants much biger, shape stronger, laminae 1-3 cm wide, apexes of rachises never prolongating, pinnules ligulate, flabellate, elliptic, ovate or obovate and serrate or dendate at apexes.
93a. Apexes of pinnules with few blunt teeth or crenations.
94a. Apexes of pinnules bitly undulate- crenate---------------------------85. A. tenucaule
94b. Apexes of pinnules 2-3 thick and blunt teeth------------------------------86. A. subvarian
93b. Apexes of pinnules sharply serrate or teeth.
95a. Teeth on apexes of pinnules big and long.
96a. Plants 10-15 cm tall, stipes robust, laminae 2-3 cm wide---------------89. A. propinguum
96b. Plants 6-8 cm tall, stipes slender, laminae ca 1 cm wide.
97a. Pinnules laciniate.
98a. Laminae short acuminate at apexes, pinnules deeply laciniate, and with 3- 4 slips of nearly same length of lanceolate segments----87. A. xinjiangense
98b. Laminae acuminate at apexes, pinnules sharrowly laciniale and with 5-6 pieces diferrent length tooth-like short segments----------88. A. subdigitatum
97b. Laminae acuminate at apexes, pinnules undivided and with 2-4 sharp serrations-----------------93. A. hebeiense
95b. Serrations or teeth on apexes of pinnules short and fine.
99a. Laminae 2-4 cm wide, basel pinnae prominently shortened, pinnules with 6-8 sharp serrations---------------------- 94. A. varians
99b. Laminae 1–1.8 (-2) cm wide, basel pinnae in- or bitly shortened.
100a. Basel acriscopic pinnules of pinnae free----90. A. paucijugum
100b. Pinnae with 2-6 pieces of free pinnules.
101a.Pinnules all free----------95. A. boreali-chinense
101b. 2 pieces of pinnules on lower parts of pinnae free only.
102a. Mid pinnae 8-11 mm long, 7-9 mm. wide, pinnules sharp serrulate at apexes---------------91. A. argutum
102b. Mid pinnae 6-9 mm long and 5-8 mm wide, pinnules denticulate at apexes-----------92. A. tianmushanense
75b. Fronds 3- pinnate or 4-pinnatifid.
103a. Fronds characeous, ultimate the pinnules ( or segments) sharply serrate on margins, stipes castaneousish-red------------------------- -- --------------------96. A. adiantum- nigrum L. var. yuanum
103b. Fronds herbaceous or thin- herbaceous, ultimate pinnules entire or with thick and blunt teeth..
104a. Stipes and rachises woody-black..
105a. Ultimate egments ovate to lingulate and blunt denate at apexes---------------------99. A. subtoramanum
105b. Ultimate segments linear and entire.
106a. Plants fine and small, usually reached to 25 cm tall, ulimate segments dimorphic, i.e. sterile ones linear and fertile ones wider----100. A. coenobiale
106b. Plants stronger, usually reached to 30 cm tall, ultimate segments monomorphic, weder--------101. A. fuscipes
104b. Stipes greenish or partly contained brown or reddish-brown.
107a. Laminae broadly triangular or triangularly ovate, stipes longer than laminae; sori reached to 6 mm long-----------97. A. interjectum
107b. Laminae elliptic or broadly lanceolate, stipes shorter than laminae; sori no more than 2 mm long..
108a. Laminae elliptic, ultimate segments narrowly lingulate and with 2-3 teeth on apexes, 1-2 sori on per segment----------------------102. A. chenhkouense
108b. Laminae broadly lanceolate, ultimate lanceolate and entire, one veinlet and one sorus on per segment.
109a.Stipes greenish or contained reddish- brown on lower sides of lower parts, ultimate segments 1.5 mm wide, and acuminate at apexes; indusia big and broadly elliptic------------103. A. tenuifolium
109b. Stipes all castaneousish- red ( sometime rachises with same colour on lower parts), or upper surfaces greenish, ultimate segments 1 mm wide and nearly obtus or sometime short and sharp at apexes; indusia far small------------- ----------------------------104. A. tenuissimum
9b. Fronds subcarnose, usually more juicy, bitly corrugate on surfaces after dry, ultimate pinnule or segmnt linear ( occasionally connected by membranes) and only with one vein or one linear sorus, indusia reached to margins in wide and opening to outside..
110a. Laminae bpinnate, occasionally 1- pinnate.( due to pinnae connected by membranes)
111a. Lamane 1- pinnate, pinnal margins with short segments-----------105. A. tenerum
111b. Laminae bipinnate.
112a. Apexes of rachises usually prolongating into whipe-like, pinnae obliquely up, mid pinnae with 2-5 pieces of pinnules on acroscopic sides and 0-3 (-4 ) pieces on basiscopic sides---------------------106. A. prolongatum
112b. Apexes of rachises inprolongated, pinnae nearly flatly spreading, mid pinnae with more than 5 pieces of pinnules on per lateral sides.
113a. Plants ca 40 cm tall, stipes reached to 13 cm long, pinnae bitly shortened downwards, mid pinnae 2.5-4 cm long, pinnules 10-16 pairs------------------------------------107.A. belengeri
113b. Plants ca 20 cm tall, stipes ca. 6 cm long, pinnae clearly shortened downwards, mid pinnae 1.5-2 cm long, pinnules usually 5-7(-8) pairs------------------------------------108.A. sampsoni
110b. Fronds 3- pinnate or 3- pinnatifid.
114a. Pinnae reached to 7.5 cm long, rachillae narrow- winged on both lateral sides-------------------------------------------09. A. davarioides
114b. Pinnae reached to 15 cm tall, rachises without wing on both lateral sides-------------------------------------110. A. trigonopterum
狹叶铁角蕨 xia ye tie jiao jue
Asplenium annmense Christ in Journ. de Bot. 264. 1908.
Epiphytic, plants 16-40 cm tall. Rhizomes short and erect, deeply brown, apexes densely covered with scales; the scales ovato-lanceolate or elliptically lanceolate, thick-membranous, deeply brown, subentire but bihtly sparsely denticulate. Fronds simple and clustered; stipes 2-7 cm long, or subsessile, stramineou; laminae linear-lanceolate, 15-40 x 1.5-2(-3) cm, both margins nearly parallel, attenuate to both ends, apexes longly acuminate, bases narrowly cuneate and narrow-winged along stipes. Main veins clear, robust, both sides raised, longitudinal-valleculate on upper sides; veinlets clear on both sides simple but often biforked on upper parts, straight and unreached to margins, a clear hydathode at end. Fronds coriaceous and after dry brownish-green, both lateral sides of rachises on under surfaces and bases sparsely covered with deeply brown stellate small scales. Sori broadly linear, 4-7 mm long, deeply brown, bitly obliquely spreading and from main veins running outside to 2/3 wide of lamina, born on acroscopic sides of acroscopic one venlet; broadly linear, yellowish- brown, thick membranous, entire and opening to main veins and persistent. Chromosome 2 n = 144.
On tree trunks or shady and wet racks under forest; 1300-1600 m.; Guangdong, Gangxi, Hainan and S- E Yunnan ( India, the peninsula on S. China and the peninsula of Malaysia). Specimen of type collected from Perak.
長柄鐵角蕨 chang bing tie jiao jue
Epiphytic, Plants 30-50 cm tall. Rhizomes short and erect, deeply brown, apexes densely covered with scales; the scales broadly lanceolate, thick in texture, blackish-brown and margins sparsely denticulate. Fronds simple and clustered; stipes 7-10 cm long, deeply brown, densely covered with scales, up to stramineous and smooth and longitudinal-valleculate on upper sides; laminae linear-lanceolate, 18-37 x 1.8-2.4 cm, both margins parallel, attenuate to both ends, apexes long-acuminate, bases cuneate and bitly decurrent along stipe, margins sparsely sinuate, bases with one or two triangular small projections on both lateral sides.Main veins clear, robust and raiseds on both sides, straminous; veinlets biforked, occasionally simple or triforked, straight and reached to margins. Fronds coriaceous, after dry brownish-green, under surfaces along both lateral sides of main veins bitly covered with blackish-brown stellate small scales. Sori broadly linear, 4-6 mm long, deeply brown, obliquely spreading and from main veins running outside reached to 2/3 wide of laminae or more far, born on acroscopic veinlets; indusia broad/y linear, brownish, thick- membranous, entire and opening to main veins and persisent.
On rocks under wet dense forest. Edemic S-E Guangxi.
This species is similar to A. scotechinii Bedd., but the stipes longer, the laminal bases cuneate and bitly decurrent.
厚叶铁角蕨 hou ye tie jao jue
Asplenium holophyllum Bak.; Asplenium pifaense Christ; Asplnium nakanoanum Makino; Asplenium iridiphyllum & . scolopendrium Hayata.
Plants 15-30 cm tall. Rhizomes short and erect, deeply brown, apexes densely covered with scales; the scales lanceolate or ovato-lanceolate, membranous, blackish-brown and polished, and margins small denticulate. Fronds clastered, simple; stipes very short or subsessile, stamineousish; laminae lanceolate,15-25 x 1.4-2(-3.9) cm, apexes acuminate or acute, bases slowly decurrented into narrow-wing, margins entire on lower parts, up to inregularly undulate-crenate ( sometime only sparsely sinuate). Main veins clear, robust, unclearly raised on under sides, upper sides roundly raised, stramineoussh, veinlets unclear on both sides or visible on upper side, obliquely spreading, biforked, straight and unreached to margins. Fronds carnous, after dry greenish, both surfaces sparsely covered with deeply brown or deeply brown only on base stallete small scales and usually denser on under surface and partly fallen when old. Sori broadly linear, 5-8.5 mm long, deeply brown, bitly obliquely spreading, from main veins running outside and reached to 2/3 wide of laminae or bitly more, born on acroscopic sides of acroscopic veinlets; indusia broadly linear, glaucous and than becomming yellowish-brown, membranous, entire , opening to main veins and persistent. Chromosome 2 n = 72.
On wet rocks under forest; 150-1600 m.; Fujing, Guangdong, Guangxi, S. Guizhou, Hainan, Hunan, S. Sichuan, Taiwan, Xizang and S- E Yunnan ( Bhutan, N.W India, Japan, Myanmer, Nepal and Vietnan). Specimen of type collected from N.W India ( Khasia).
信宜鐵角蕨 xin yi tie jao jue
Epiphytic, plants 25-40 cm tall. Rhzomes short and erect, blackish-brown apexes densely covered scales; scales lanceolate, deeply brown, thick membranous, entire. Fronds clustered, simple; stipes (6-)10-18 cm long, lower parts densely covered with same scales, up to sparser, stramineous, upper part narrow winged on both lateral sides; laminae lanceolate, 12-29 x 2-3.5 cm, apexes longly acuminate, bases bitly cuneater or more or less suddently narrowed into narrow-wings along stipe, margins sinuate or crenate, lower pinnae usually pinnapartite into lanceolate segments, reached to 7 cm long, ca. 1 cm wide, acuminate at apexes, margins sparsely sinuate. Main veins clear, slender and stramineous on upper sides, under sider robust and clearly raised, rounded and sparsely covered with stellate small scales and fallen becoming smooth when old; Fronds carnous, after dry greenish, under surfaces sparsely covered with brown stellate small scales, particularly denser on both lateral sides of main veins. Sori broadly linear, brown, 5-10 mm long; nearly flatly spreading, straight, from main veins running outside, unreached to margins, born on acroscopic veinlets, occasionally on basiscopic veinlets but sori far short; indusia broadly linear, greyish-green, thick- membanous, entire, opening to main veins and persistent.
On rocky cliffs in valley by stream; endemic in W. E Guangdong ( xinyi).
This species is similar to A. griffthianum Hook.on shape, but the plant is far taller and biger, laminae long stiped and suddenly narrowed on lower parts, main veins clearly raised on under sides.
江南铁角蕨 jiang nan tie jue
Epiphytic, plants 25-40 cm tall. Rhizomes short and erect, deeply brown, apexes densely covered with scales; the scales lanceolate, membranous, deeply brown or blackish-brown, polished and subentire. Fronds simple, clstered; stipes ca 2-4 cm long, greyish- straminous, densely covered with scales; laminae lanceolate, 15-36 x 3-4 cm, wider at middle, apexes longly acuminate or sharp, bases longly decurrented and narrow-winged, margins more or less undulate, sometime entire and with thick-membranous narrow edges. Main veins clear and unraised, brownish, veinlets obscure on both sides or only visible on upper side, very obliquelly up to, biforked, straight and unreached to margin. Fronds soft- papyraceous, after dry brown, occasionally covered with small stellate scales on upper surface. Sori linear, 1.5-2.2 (-2.7) cm long, deepply brown, very obliquely up to, from main veins running outside reached near margins, born on acroscopic veinlets; indusia linear, yellowish-brown to deeply brown, thick- membranous, entire, opening to main veins and persistent.
On rocks by stream sides under forest; 550-910 m.; Guangdong, Guangxii, S.Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan, Hainan, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, S. E. and M. Yunnan ( Japan and Vietnan). Specimen of type collected from Guizhou ( pingfa)
Formerly, this species was mistanken as A. ensiforme Wall., in fact in addition at announce geographically, it is a diferrent in the morphic too, particularly the frond is soft- papyraceous, main veins unclearly raised on both sides, the two species can not be cofused.
劍叶铁角蕨 jian ye tie jiao jue
Asplenium holosorum Christ; A. melenolepis Bak. A. tonkinenseC. Chr.
Plants 25-45 (-65) cm tall. Rhizomes short and erect, black, densely covered with scales; the scales lanceolate thick-membranous, black, polished and entire or sparsely small denticulate. Fronds simple and clustered; stipes 5-8(-15) cm long, stramineous, bases densely covered with scales, up to becoming sparser; laminae lanceolat, 18-25(-50) X 1.5-2 (-4) cm, apexes longly acuminate, bases slowly decurreted into narrow-wing, entire, bitly recurled after dry. Main veins clear, robust, stramineous, under sides clearly roundly raised, upper sides subrounded and longitudinal-valleculate, veinlets obscure, very obliquely up, biforked, straight and unreached to margins. Fronds coriaceous, after dry yellowish-green or brownish, upper surfaces smooth, under surfaces sparsely covered with stellate small scales and gradually fallen and becoming smooth when old. Sori linear, 0.8 – 2 (-4) mim long, brown, very obliquely up to, from main veins running outside reached to 2/3 – 3/4 wide of lamina and born on acroscopic veinlets; indusia linear, yellowish-brown or brownish-green and then becoming deeply brown, papyraceous, entire, opening to main veinlets and persistent. Chromosome 2 n = 144.
On the rocks and tree trunks under forest; 840-2800 ms. Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, S.Hunan, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Xizang and Yunnan (Bhutan, N. India, S.Japan, Myanmer, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Sikkim, Thailand and Vietnan). Specimen of type collected from Nepal.
1a. Laminae linear-lanceolate-----------------------------------6b. f. stenophyllum
1b. Laminae lanceolate.
2a. Apexes of laminae longly acuminate and unforked-------6a f. ensiforme
2b. Apexes of lamnae 2-3 forked, segments subulate-acuminate at tops----------------------------------------------------------------6c. f. bicuspe
劍叶铁角蕨 (原变形) jian ye tie jiao jue (yuan bian xing)
Laminae lanceolate and apexes longly acuminate.
On rocks and tree trunks under forest; 840-2800 m.; Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, S.Hunan, Jiangxi, Sichuan Xizang and Yunnan ( Bhutan, N. India, S. Japan, Myanmer, Nepal, Sikkim, Sri Lanka, Thailand and Vietnam).
线叶铁角蕨xian ye tie jiao jue
Asplenum stenophyllum Bedd. Ferns Brit. Ind. t. 147. 866; Asplenium ensifprm var. stenophyllum Ching; A. gracilipes Ching & Y. X. Ling.
This form is a type of extremely narrow fronds, laminae linear-lanceolate, ca 15-35(-45) x 0.8-1.6 cm., thicher in texture; sori shorter, elliptic, 5-10(-14) mm long, closed to main veins. On tree trunks or rocks by stream sides under forest; 1700-3500 m; Xizang, Yunnan (India and Sikkim ). Specimen of type collected from India.
叉裂铁角蕨 cha lie tie jiao jue
Diplazium biscupe Hayata, Icon.. Pl. Form. 4: 214, t. 146. 1914; Asplenium biscupeHayata..
Apexes of laminae 2-3 forkeds, small segments subulatly acuminate at apexes.
Ca. 2300 m.; Edemic in Taiwan.
黑边铁角蕨 hei bian tie jiao jue
Epiphytic, plants 4-8 cm tall. Rhizomes short and erect, apexes densely covered with scales; the scales lanceolate, membranous, blackish-brown, iridescent polished and entire. Fronds simple, clustered into rosulate and flatly streching on land; stipes slender, 5-12 mm, cylindraceous, puplish- black, bright, sparsely covered with appressed yellowish-brown fine scales when young and fallen becoming smooth when old; laminae elliptic, 3-6 (-8.5) x 1.2- 1.7 (-2) cm, obtus at apexes , bases broadly cuneate or rotund, sometime truncate, margins undulate and with one very narrow black edge. Main veins clear on under sides, black and bright, veinlets obscure or bitly visible on upper sides, obliquely sprading, biforked, occasionally 3-4 forkeds, slender, bend and unreached to margins. Fronds coriaceous, after dry olive on upper surfaces and brown on under surfaces. Sori elliptic, 3-6 mm long, brown, located between main vein and margin, far from main veins and closed to margin, born on acroscopic veinlets; indusia linear- elliptic, greyish- brown and then becoming deeply brown, thin papyraceous, entire and with a slender purple narrow edge, opening to main veins and persistent..
In crevies of limestone by stream sides under forest; ca. 1100 m.; N.Guangdong, Guangxi, S. Guizhou and Jiangxi. Specimen of type collected from Guizhou (ping fa).
叉叶铁角蕨cha ye tie jiao jue
Acrostichum septentrional L. Sp. Pl. 2: 1068. 1753; Scolopendrium septentroinal Reth; Belvisia septentrionalis Mirb.; Acropteris septentrioonalis Link; Blahnum septentrionale Wallr.; Amesium sasakii Hayata; Amesium septentrionale Newm.; Asplenium septentrional var. sasakii (Hayata) C. Chr.
Plants 8-15 cm tall. Rhizomes short and erect or ascending,apexes densely covered with scales; the scales linear-lanceolate, membranous, blackally brown, iridescent-polished and margins bitly dentate. Fronds clustered; stipes 6-10 m long, grassish-green, bases castaneous, polished, smooth, apexes 2-3 forkeds, segments linear, 2-3 x 0.1-0.15 cm, apexes redivided into 2-3 needle small segments, bases gradually narrowed into stipe-like and entire on lateral sides. Veins obscure, main veins faintly visible, veinlets slender and nearly parallel with main veins, one veinlet on per small segment. Fronds coriaceous, grassish- green. Sori linear, brown, born on acroscopic sides of veinlets and closed to main veins and parallel with, densely contacted and spreading all over under surfaces of segments; indusia linear, brown, membranous, entire, opening to main veins and persistent. Chromosome 2 n = 144.
Clustered growing in crevices among open rocks;1100-4100 m.; Shaanxi, Taiwan, Xinjiang and Xizang ( N. India, Japan, Rusia: N. Ameirican and Europe ). Specimen of type collected from Europe.
铁角蕨 tie jiao jue
Asplenium trichomanoides Houtt.; Trichomanes crenatm Gilib.; Aspleium melanocaulon Will.; Pylilitis rotundifolia Moench; Asplenium minus and pusillum Bl.; A. densum Brack.; A. melaolepis Col.
Plants 10-30 cm tall. Rhizomes short and erect, densely covered with scales; the scales linear-lanceolate, thick-membranous, black, polished, bitly iridescent and entire. Fronds majority and clustered; stipes 2-8 cm long, castaneosish-brown, polished, bases densely covered with scales, up to smooth, and longitudinal-valleculate on upper sides, both lateral sides with brown, membranous and entire narrow winges, under sides rounded, texture crustaceous, usually stipe persistent after laminae fallen; laminae longly linear, 10-25 x 0.9- 1.6 cm, apexes longly acuminate, bases bitly narrowed, 1-pinnate; pinnae ca 20-30 pairs, Basel ones opposite, up to pinnae opposite or alternate, flatly spreading and subsessile, mid pinnae same in size, 3.5 – 6(- 9) x 2-4 (- 5) mm, elliptic or ovate, apexes rounded and blunt dentate, bases subsymmetricol or asymmetricol roundly cuneate, acroscopic sides biger and occasionally with small auriculate projection, entire, both lateral margins small crenate; lower pinnae gradually reduced into multiforms: ovate, rounded, flabellate, triangular or auriculate. Veins pinnate, slender and obscure, veinlets much obliquely up to, biforked, occasionally simple, basel acroscopic one vein of pinnae usually 2-biforked and unreached to margins. Fronds papyracous, after dry grassish-green or brown; rachises castaneuosish-brown, polished, smooth and longitudinal-valleculate on upper sides, both lateral sides brown membranous entire winged, under sides rounded. Sori broadly linear, 1-3.5 mm, yellowish- brown, usually born on acroscopic veinlets, 4-8 on per pinna; indusia broadly linear, glaucous and then becoming brow, membranous, entire, opening to main veins and persistent. Chromosome 2 n = 144.
On or in rocks or crevices among rocks in valley under forest; 400-3400 m.; Anhui, Fujian, Gansu, Guangdong, Guangi, Guizhou, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Xinjiang, Xizang Zhejiang and Yunnan ( all the temperate zone of worlds and tropic and subtropic high mountain). Specimen of type collected from Europe.
三翅铁角蕨san chi tie jiao jue
Asplenium anceps v. Buch var. proliferum Nakai; Asplenium trichomanes L. var. centro- chinense Christ; A. trialatum C. Chr..
Plants 15-30 cm tall. Rhizomes short and erect, apexes densely covered with scales; the scales linear-lanceolate, thick-membranuos, deeply brown or darkish-brown and with brown edge, entire. Fronds clustered; stipes 3–5 cm long, woody- black, polished, bases densely covered with scales, up to smooth, triangular, separately with one brown membnranus entire broadly winges on both lateral sides on upper sides and rige of under sides, crustaceus in texture, usually after laminae fallen and stipe left; laminae linear, 12-28 x 1-2.5 cm, attenuate to both ends, 1-pinnate; pinnae 23-35 pairs, opposite or up to ones alternate, flatly spreading, sessile, mid pinnae same in size, 5-13 x 2-7 cm, elliptic, apexes rounded, bases asymmetrical, acroscopic sides subtruncate and bitly auriculate, parallel with or covered rachises, basiscopic sides cuneate, margins entire except base, others with fine and blunt serrations; lower several pairs of pinnae downwards gradually becoming small and small and into rounded, ovate or flabellate. Veins pinnate, obscure, veinles slender, biforked. Fronds papyraceous, after dry grassish-green or brownish-green; rachises woody black, polished, smooth, triangular, both lateral sides on upper sides and on ridge of under sides all with one brown membranous entire broadly winges, up to apexes of rachises usually with 1-2 (- 3 ) scaly axillary buds and germinating on maternal plant. Sori elliptic, 1-2 mm long, rustyish-brown, 3-6(-11) on per pinna; indusia elliptic, membranous, greyish-green, entire and opening to main veins. Chromosome 2n = 144.
In wet rocks or acid soils under forest; 400 - 1350 m.; S. Anhei, S. E. Gansu, Fujian, Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, S. Shaanxi; Taiwan, Zhejang and Yunnan ( Japan, Korea and N Myanmar). Specimen of type colleced from Japan.
This species is similar to A. trichomanes L. in outline, but plants is biger, stipe and rachis triangular, longitudinal-valleculate on upper sides and one brown membranous broadly wing at each angle of stipe, rachis up to apex with 1-2 axillary buds.
滇南铁角蕨dian nan tie jiao jue
Plants ca. 15 cm tall. Rhizomes short and erect, densely covered with scales; the scales linear-lanceolate, thick-membrnanous, darkly brown. Fronds clustered; stipes 2-3 cm long, blackly brown and polished, under sides rounded, upper sides flatly broad, both lateral sides interrupt brown narrow winged, margins erosely serate; laminae linear-lanceolate, 12-7 x 1-1.3 cm, attenuate to both ends, 1- pinnate; pinnae 25-32 pairs, opposite or subopposite, flatly spreading, sessile and easy fallen, mid pinnae nearly same in size, 2-7 x ca 5 mm, elliptic-triangular, apexes rounded, bases asymmetrical, basiscopic side cuneate, acroscopic side subtruncate and parallel with rachis, bitly auriculatly projected, margins entire except base, others all undulate or undulatly crnate; lower pinnae downwards gradually contracted becoming rhomboid. Veins pinnate and obscure, veinlets biforked or simple. Fronds subcoriaceous, after dry greyish-green; rachises blackish-brown, polished, under sides rounded, upper sides flatly broad and deeply brown erose serrate on both laterl sides,1-2 pieces of pinnal bases on lower parts of rachises usually with one scaly axillary bud. Sori elliptic or linear- elliptic, 1-2 mm long, located on both lateral sides of main veins and unreached to margins; 2-5 on per pinna; indusia same shape with sorus, membranous, greyish- brown, entire and opening to main veins.
On rocks undr forest; ca. 2000 m.; M. Guizhou and S. E. Yunnan.
This species is muc similar to A. trichomanes L., But frond subcoriaceous, the pinnal basel acroscopic side bitly auriculate, the above margins bitly undulate serrate, 1-2 pairs of pinnal base on lower parts of rachises with one axillary bud, both lateral sides of rachises with brown erose serrations.
肾羽铁角蕨shen yu tie jiao jue
Plants (4-)10 – 23 cm tall. Rhizomes short and erect, apexes densely covered with scales; the scales lanceolate, membranous, blackish-brown, iridescent-polished and entire. Fronds clustered; stipes (0.3-)2-3 cm long, black, polished, bases densely covered with scales, under sides rounded, upper sides broadly plane and sparsely erose serrate on both lateral sides; laminae linear, (4-)12-20 x 0.8-1.2 cm, both margins parallel with each other, apexes obtuse, btly narrowed to bases, 1-pinnate; pinnae (20-)28 - 42 pairs, opposite or lower ones subopposite or alternate, flatly spreading and subsessile, mid pinnae same size, (3-) 5-6 x 1.5 - 4 mm, subreniform, apexes rounded, bases asymmetrical, acroscopic sides flatly truncate and parallel with or covered rachises, basiscopic sides cuneate, margins entire or outsid margin or above margin bitly undulate, several pairs of pinnae on lower parts much contracted and grandually becoming into ovate or subrounded and easy fallen and left rounded short stalks, or extremely contracted to left extremely fine marks, nearly visible. Veins slender, pinnate, obscure, veinlets simple or biforked, basel acroscopic one vein usually 2-3 forked and unreached to margins. Fronds subcoriaceous, after dry greyish- green or darkish- green; rachises black, polished, under sides rounded, upper sides broadly plane and both lateral sides deeply brown erose serrulate. Sori elliptic, (0.6-)1-1.5 mm long, brown, born on middle or upper parts of veinlets, (1-)2-5 on per pinna, located in upper parts of pinnae; indusia elliptic, greyish-brown or brownish- green, thick-membranous, entire and opening to main veins.
In cliffs of limestone undr forest; 800-1600 m.; endemic in Sichuan.
This species is similar to A. trichomanes L., But stipes and rachises are black, upper sides without wing on both lateral sides and only with deeply brown erose serrulate, pinnae are densely contacted from each other, subreniform, usually entire. Sori are locating on upper parts of pinnae.
腺齿铁角蕨 xian chi tie jiao jue
Plants 10-12 cm tall. Rhizomes short and erect, densely covered with scales; the scales linear, deeply brown, bitly iridescent polished, membranous, entire. Fronds clustered; stipes 5-11 mm long, purplyish-black, polished, bases densely covered with scales, under sides rounded, upper sides plane longitudinal-valleculate and riged-shape on both lateral sides and with reddish-brown, gland-like small sharp serrations; laminae linear, 6-14 x 0.9-1.1 cm, almostly unnarrowed to both ends, 1- pinnate; pinnae 20-30 pairs, opposite or alternate on upper ones, flatly spreading, sessile, mid pinnae same in size, 4-6 x 2-3 mm, elliptic, apexes rounded, bases asymmetrical, acroscopic sides truncate and closed to rachises, basiscopic sides cuneate, entire or bitly with 2 or 3 sinuses and undulate on above margins, lower pinnae bitly contracted and gradually becoming subtriangular, basel 1-2 pairs of pinnae sometime strongly contracted into small auricles.Veins slender, pinnate, obscure, veinlets 2-3 pairs, simple. Basel 1-2 veinlets usually biforked and unreached to margins. Fronds subcoriaceous, after dry greysh-green; rachises castaneousish-brown or purplyish-black, polished, under sides rounded, plane longitudinal-valleculate and with reddish-brown gland-like small sharp serrations. Sori elliptic, ca. 1 mm long, born on middle of veinlets, 2-5 on per pinna, located in upper parts of pinnae; indusia elliptic, greyish-brown, entire and opening to main veins.
On the rocks under forest; ca. 2000 m.; endemic N. W.Yunnan.
This species is similar to A. trichomanes L., but stipe and rachis all purplyish-black, upper sides without wing on both lateral sides, only with reddish-brown glnd-like sharp serrations, pinnae elliptic, entire or only 2-3 shallow sinuate on above margins.
倒挂铁角蕨 dao gua tie jiao jue
Aslenium multijugum. Wall; A. opacum Kze.; A. pavonicum Brack.; A. pseudonormal W. M. Chu;
Plants 15-40 cm tall. Rhizomes short and erect, strong black, all or apexes only densely covered with scales; the scales lanceolate thick-membranous, blackish-brown, iridescent polished and entire. Frond clustered; stipes 5 – 15 (21) cm long, castaneousish-brown to purplyish-black, polished, bitly quadri-rib-form, bases sparsely covered with same scales and upward gradually becoming smooth; laminae lanceolate 12-14(-28) x 2-3.2 (-3.6) cm, 1- pinnate; pinnae 20-30(-44) pairs, alternate, flatly spreading, sessile, mid pinnae same in size, 8-18 x 4-8 mm, triangularly elliptic, apexes obtuse, bases asymmetrical, acroscopic truncate and bitly auriculate, basiscopic cuneate,except inner margin and other with thick serraions, lower 3-5 pairs of pinnae more or less reflexed downwards and same form and in size with mid ones, or bitly contracted and becoming into flabellate or obliquely triangular.Veins pinnate, slender, obscure or faintly visible, veinlets simple or biforked and unreached to margins. Fronds herbaceoust to thin- papyraceous, after dry brownish- green or greyish-green, glabrous; rachises castaneousish-brown, smooth, longitudinal-valleculate on upper sides, lower sides rounded, near apexes usually with one scaly gemma and germinating on maternal plant. Sori elliptic, 2-2.5(-3) mm long, far from main veins and reached to margins, 3-4 (-6) on per pinna; indusia elliptic, brownish or greyish- brown, membranous, entire and opening to main veins. Chromosome = 144.
On soil or rocks by stream sides under dense forest; 600-2500 m.; Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Xizang, Yunnan and Zhejiang [India, Japan, Malaysia, Myanmer, Nepal, Philipenes, Sri Lanka and Vietnan; E. Africa, Australia with Hawaiian etc. Paific island]. Specimen of type collected from Nepal.
庐山铁角蕨lu shan tie jiao jue
Plants ca 6 cm tall. Rhizomes short and erect, apexes densely covered with scales; the scales linear-lanceolate, thin-membranous, blackish-brown in midrib and brownish on both lateral sides, margins dentate. Fronds clustered; stipes 1.8-3.5 cm long, cylindraceous, castaneousish-red, polished, sparsely covered with brownish hyaline fibrillose small scales and partly fallen when old; laminae linear, more or less falcate, 3-5 x ca 1 cm, apexes acuminate,1- pinnate; pinnae 8-11 pairs, lower ones nearly opposite, upward ones alternate, flatly spreading, mid pinnae bitly biger, ca. 4-5 x 4-5 mm, subrhombic, outside margin rounded, entire or undulate, or with 1 or 2 sinuses, bases asymmetrical, acroscopic sides truncate and closed to rachises, basiscopic sides cuneate, sessile or subsessile, 3-4 pairs of pinnae on lower parts same shape with mid ones but bitly smaller and usually caducous. Veins pinnate, slender, obscure, veinlets simple or biforked and unreached to margins. Fronds papyraceous, after dry greyish-green; rachises castaneous, brown, polished, bitly covered with small scales, under sides cylindraceous and longitudinal-valleculate up to apical part. Sori elliptic, ca 1 mm long, brown, born on middle or lower parts of veinlets and unreached to margins, 3-5 on per pinna; indusia same form with sorus, greyish- green, membranous, entire and opening to main veins..
On rocks under forest; Hunan and Jiangxi. Specimen of type collected from Jiangxi ( lushan)
This species is similar to A. normal Don in outline, but plants far smaller, stipe castaneousish-red, pinnae smaller and subrhombic, margin edentate.
Types of specimen of Asplenium parviusculum Ching and A. hangzhouense Ching & C. F Zhang [ in Bull. Bot. Res. 3 (3): 37-38. 1983, wiches collected from Zhejiang and had not been faund in their kept unit and their main characters in comparing again by themselves when published. They are difficult on textual research. According to character descriptions when published the two new species are similar to A. gulingense Ching and listing here for reference only.
齿果铁角蕨 chi guo tie jiao jue
Asplenium heterocarpum Wall.; Hymenasplenium cheilosorum Tagawa.
Plants 30-50 cm tall. Rhizomes long and creeping, yellowish-brown, apexes densely covered with scales; the scales lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, bitly iridescent polished, membranous and entire. Fronds approached or sparse; stipes 9-16 cm long, castaneousish-brown, polished, unobviosly quadri-rib-form, bases densely covered with same scales, up to smooth; laminae linear-lanceolate, 1.8-2.5 (-3.6) x 0.5-0.9 cm, dimidiately trapeziform, apexes obtuse, bases asymmetrical, obliquely cuneate, inner margins obliquely truncate and parallel with rachises, lower margins flatly truncate and entire, outside- and above margins lobed into 9-14 elliptic lobeles, usually lobed reached to 1/4 – 2/5, tops of lobelets with 1-2 sharrow-sinses and showed to crenate, lower pinnae flatly spreading or reflexed downwards and falcate, same form with mid ones but bitly smaller. Veins pinnate, main veins obvious, lower parts combinate with under margins of pinnae, veinlets slender, obvious, 2-3 forked, one veinlet on per lobele and unreached to margins. Fronds membranous or herbaceous, after dry darkish-green, glabrous; rachises castaneousish-brown, polished, longitudinal-valleculate on upper sides and both lateral sides greyish-green. Sori elliptic, 1-3 mm long, brown, born at tops of veinlets and located in inner of serrations, 1-2 on per lobeles; indusia elliptic, yellowish-brown and then becoming deeply brown, membranous, entire and opening to main veins or margins, persistent. Chromosome 2n = 108.
In the soil or wet rocks by strem sides under forest; 500-1800 m; Fuian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Taiwan, S. E. Xizang and Yunnan [ Bhtan, India, Indonesia, S.Japan, Malaysia, Myanmer, Nepal, Philippenes, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Sikkim and Vietnan]. Specimen of type collected from Sri Lanka.
微凹铁角蕨wei ao tie jiao jue
Plants 20-30 cm tall. Rhizomes along and creeping, darkkish- brown, apexes densely covered with scales; the scales lanceolate, membranous, deeply brown, iridescent- polished and entire. Fronds remte; stipes 7-12 cm long, purplyish- red, polished, bases densely covered with yellowish-brown tomenta, become sparse up to, upper sides sulcate; laminae lanceolate, 15-20 x 3.8 - 4.5 cm, apexes acuminate and pinnatifid, bases nearly narrowed, 1-pinnate; pinnae 18-26 pairs, alternate, flatly spreading, nearly sessile, mid pinnae same in size, 2.2 – 2.6 x 0.5 – 0.7 cm, semi-dimidiately lanceolately trapeziform, apexes obtuse, bases asymmetrical, acroscopic sides flatly truncate and closed to rachises, basiscopic sides flatly cutting off into narrowly cuneate, lower margins strongly reflexed upwards, apexes obviously projected downwards, under- and inner margins entire, above and outside margins lacierate and serrations 1-2 mm long, obtuse and retuse at tops, basel pinnae flatly spreading and same form with mid ones but bitly smaller. Veins pinnate, obvious, lower parts of mein veins combinated with lowe margins of pinnae, veinlets slender, biforked, basel acroscopic veinlets usually 2-biforked and prologated to retuse places of tops of serrations and unreached to margins. Fronds thin-herbaceous, after dry grassish-green and glabrous; rachises deeply purplyish-red, polished and glabrous, upper sides shallow and broad longitudinal-valleculate and grass-green on both lateral edges. Sori linear, 3 - 4 mm long, brown, born on lower parts of veinlets and closed to main veins, 3 - 8 on per pinna, concentreted in upper parts of both lateral sides on main veins; indusa lineare yellowish – brown and darkly brown when old, membranous, entire, opening to main veins and persistent.
On rocks under mixed forest; ca. 2000 m.; Endemic S.E Yunnan.
This species is similar to.A. unilaterale Lam., differences are the pinnae strongly trapeziform, apexes obtuse, under margins prominently reflexed up to, above and outside margins lacerate and deeper, serrations longer and obtuse and rtuse at tops, veinlets prolongated to retuse places on tops of serrations, sori few and only born on semi-upper parts of pinnae.
Plants ca 20 cm tall. Rhizomes long and creeping, darkkish- brown, densely covered with scales; the scales lanceolate, darkkish- brown, membranous and entire. Fronds remote; stipea 5-9 cm long, purlyish- red, polished, hairless, upper sides longitudinal-valleculate; laminae lanceolate,12-16 x 3.4 - 4 cm, apexes caudately acuminate and pinnatifid, bases almosly narrrowed, 1- pinnate; pinnae ca 22 pairs, Basel 1-2 pairs of pinnae opposite and bihtly smaller, up to ones alternate, flatly spreading, subsessile, mid pinnae same in size, 1.6-2 x 0.6-0.7 cm, semi-lacerately trapeziform, apexes rounded, bases asymmetrical, acrodcopic sides truncate and closed to rachises, basiscopic sides bowly cut off and cuneate, under margis strongly bened up and apexes prominently projected downward, inner and lower margins entire, other margins densely denticulate. Veins pinnate, obvious, main veins cobinated with pinnae on lower parts, veinlets slender, biforked, basel acroscopic veinlets usually 2-biforked and prolongated sinuses between of serrations and unreached to margins. Fronds thin- herbaceous, after dry deeply green, glabrous; rachises purplyish-red, polished and glabrous, upper sides broadly longitudinal-valleculate and greyish-green on both lateral sides. Sori linear, 4-5 mm long, brown, born on between main veins and margins, 3-5 on per pinna and concentrated on upper parts of pinnae; indusia linear, brownish, membranous, entire, opening to main veins and persistent.
On shady and wet places by stream sides; ca. 2700 m.; edemic W. Yunnan.
This species is similar to A. unilaterale Lam., but differences are pinnae strongly trapeziform, obtuse at apexes, lower margins bened a bow-like to inside, above margins densely denticulate, veinlets prologated to sinuses between serrations.
阔齿铁角蕨kuo chi tie jiao jue
Plants ca 30 cm tall. Rhizomes long and creeping, darkkish- brown, apexes densely covered with scales; the scales lanceolate, darkkish- brown, membranous and entire. Fronds remote; stipes 9-10 cm long, near woody-black, glabrous, upper sides longitudinal-valleculate; laminae lanceolate, 16-19 x 3.5-5 cm, apexes acuminate and pinnatifid, bases unnarrowed, 1- pinnate; pinnae 25-30 pairs, basel pinnae opposite and alternate up ones, flatly spreading, subsessile, mid pinnae same in size, 2-2.6 x ca. 0.55 cm, semi-dimidiately strongly trapeziform, obtuse at apexes, bases asymmetrical, acroscopic sides flatly truncate and closed to rachises, basiscopic sides bow cut off and narrowly cuneate, lower marings strongly bened up on lower parts and raised at upper parts like ‘S’ shape, inner and lower margins entire on lower parts, other margins all shortly and broadly serrate, serrations flatly truncate and retuse at center on tops. Veins pinnae and prominent, mein veins combinated with pinnae on lower parts, veinlets biforked, basel basiscopic veinlets usually 2-biforked and prolongated to central retuse places and unreached to margins. Fronds thin-herbaceous, after dry darkish-green and glabrous; rachises purplyish-red, polished and glabrous, upper sides longitudinal-valleculate and greyish-green on both lateral sides. Sori linear, 2-3 mm long, brown, born on lower parts of veinlets and closed to rachise, 3-5 on per pinna, concentrated on upper parts of pinnae; indusia linear, brown, membranous, entire, opening to main vein and persistent.
On rocks; ca. 1900 m; edemic S. E. Yunnan (wenshan).
This species is similar to A. unilaterale Lam., but different in pinnae narrower and longer, strongly trapeziform, obtuse at apexes, lower margins notable inrecuved, above marg