铁角蕨科 tie jiao jue ke
Lin You-xin (林尤興)
More middle or small lithophytic or epiphytic (less terrestrial) herb plants, sometime climbing. Rhizomes creeping, decumbent or erect, covered with hyline clathrate darkly brown or deeply brownlanceolate small scales, glabrous and with dictyostele. Fronds remote, approached or clustered, herbaceous, coriaceeous or subcarnose, smooth, sometime sparsely covered with irregulaly stallate, membranous small scales, stiped, bases exartculate; stipes herbaceous, susally castaneous and polished, or greenish or grass-grey, longitudinal-valleculate on upper sides, two vascular bundles on bases, ovato–rounded or ellipticallyreniform in transverse sections, arranged in “ 八” form of right and left sides, upward combined into “ X” form, one longitudinal-valleculate on upper sides on rachiiale of every time on pinnal fronds, usually with connected narrow-wings on both lateral sides, laminal shapes much varied, simple ( lanceolate, cordate or rounded), pinnatipartiteor often1-3pinnate, occasionally 4-pinnate, compound type of branching anadromous, ultimate pinnules or segments often rhombic or trapeziform, bases asymmentry, margins entire or blunt serrate or lacerate. Veins free, anadromous, 1-multi-dichotomous braching, veinlets unreached to margins, sometime upwards margins more or less connected, on species of finely dividing laminae one single vein on per ultimate segment only. Sori moustly linear, sometime subelliptic, attached along acroscoic sides of veinlets, rearly at basiscopic sides of nearly veinlets, usually indusiate ( subreduced on Cetrach Willd.); indusia thick-membranous, or papyraceous, entire, attached at veinlets by one lateral side, usually opening to main veins or opening oppsiting, species of fine- dividing on laminae one vein and one sorus on per ultimate segment, indusia usually opening to acroscopic margins; sporangia polypod type, annuli vertical, interruptic, consisting of ca. 20 incrassate cells. Spore bilateral, elliptic or reniform, monolete, perispores corrugate, exenes smooth. Chromose me x =12,(36) [ except Boniniella ( x = 19)].
About 10 genera and 700 more spices, distributed in every where of the world, mainly in tropic region.
1a. Fronds simple and individed.
2a. Veins free and never combined nearly margin
3a. Bases of laminae cuneate, rarely rotund, margins usually sinus or serrate, occationally entire-------------------------------------------------1. Asplenium
3b. Bases of laminae cordate, bilateral sides roundly auriculate and broadly sinuate, entire---------------------------------------------------------2. Phyllitis
2b. Veins connected nearly margins, margins entire.
4a. Laminae roundly flabellate or ovate, bases cordate..
5a. Rhizomes short and erect; fronds clustered, laminae roundly flabellate, veinlets unreached to margin and with a obvious expanded hydathode at end--------------------------------Sinephropteris
5b. Rhizomes long and creeping; fronds remote, laminae ovate, veinlets reached to margins, nan hydathode at top------------------6. Boniniella
4b. Lminae lanceolate or oblaceolate, bases cuneate, ocassionally cordate.
6a. Robust epiypitic plants and living in tropical rainforest or seasonl rainforest; fronds big, coriaceus or subcoriaeous, apexes never prolong of whip; ends of lateral veins regularly combined with marginal veinlets that parallel with margins-----------3. Neottopteris
6b. Lithophytic plants living on temperate zone in the N. China; fronds small, herbaceous or subcoriaceous, apexes usually prolongs of whip and rooting; veinlets along both lateral sides of main veins connected into 1-2 rows of long areolea and free to margins-----------------------------------------------------4. Camptosorus
1b. Fronds pinnatipartite or usually one to mult-pinnate.
7a. Laminae lanceolate, pinnatipartite, segments alternate.and arranged in a winding and concave-convex. from each other on plane.
8a. Laminae glabrous under surfaces; veins free, indusia big; growing in crevices among rocks on seasional altnational rigion of dried with wet in S- W China-----------------------------------------------7. Ceterachopsis
8b. Laminae densely covered with imbricate brownish, ovate and persistent scales; weins anastomoused; indusia reduced; growing in crevices among rocks on dried rigion of N-W China-------------------8. Ceterach
7b. Fronds impinnatipartite, laminae lanceolate, elliptic or ovate, one to multi- pinnate, pinnae in symmentricol or asymmentricol arranged on plane--------------------------------------------------------------------1. Asplenium
铁角蕨属 tie jiao jue shu
Lithophytic or epiphytic ( sometime terrestril or climb) herbal plants. Rhizomes creeping, decumbent or erect, densely covered small scales; the scales darkly brown or deeply brown, lanceolate, usually subentire, basifiexed. Fronds remote, approached or clustered, stipeted; stipes herbaceous, castaneous or usually greenish or grass-grey, a longitudinal vallecula on upper side, bitly scaly on bases, laminae simple or often 1-3 pinnate, occasionally 4-pinnate; longitudinal-valleculate on upper siders of every time of rachillae, pinnae or pinnules usually with narrow- wings along both lateral sides on longitudinal valleculae, ultimate pinnules or segments asymmentrical, or sometime dimiately trapeziform, margins serrate or lacerate. veins almostly free, one to multi-dichotomous-branching on ultimate pinnules or one veinlet on per linear segment, veinlets straight and unreached to margins. Fronds herbaceous to coriaceous, sometime subcanous, after dry greenish, green or brown, glabrous. Sori usually linear to subelliptic and straight, attached at one side ( most acroscopic side)on acroscopic one veinlet of per group of veins, single born, rare double born, indusiate; indusia same shape with sori, thick-menbranous or papyraceous, brown or glaucous, entire and opening to main veins or margins; stalks of sporangia long, anuuli constiting of 20-28 incrassate of cells. Spores bilateral, elliptic, perispore corrugate, exine smooth. Chromosome X = 12 (36).
About 660 species, 110 species in China.
1a. Frond simple or 2-3 forked.
2a. Fronds simple, lanceolate, bases more or less decurrent along stipes, occasionally elliptic and bases indecurrent.
3a. Margins of laminae with one black edges; laminae 3-6 (-8.5)cm long, elliptic, apexes obtuse---------7. A. speluncae
3b. Margins of laminae no black edge; laminae above 10cm long, apexes acuminate.
4a. Margins of laminae undulate-crenate or fine sinuate; sori obliquely spreading.
5a Laminal bases narrow- cuneate and slowly decurrent, subsessile or with 2-7 cm short stipe; laminae inpinnatifid on lower parts..
6a. Fronds coriaceous, margins usually crenate or fine sinuate------------------------------1. A. scortechinii
6b. Fronds carnose, margins fine-sinuate or undulate- crenate on upper parts only--3. A. griffithianum
5b. Laminal bases cuneate, more or less suddenly angustate and decurrent, stipes 7-17 cm long; laminae usually pinnatitifid or triangular small projected.
7a. Stipes 7-10 cm long, laminal bases bitly with triangular small projected on basel bilateral sides-----------------------------------2. A. sublongum
7b. Stipes 10-18 cm long, laminae usually pinnatifid on lower parts----------------------------------------------------------4. A. xinyiense
4b. Margins of laminae more or less undulate, unsinuate; sori obliquely up.
8a. Main veins inoboviously raised on under sides------- A. loxogrammioides
8b. Main veins clearly round- raised on under sides-----------6. A. ensiforme
2b. Fronds 2-3 forked, segments linear, 2-3 x 0.1-1.5 cm; sori and indusia linear, all covered on under surfaces of segments and parallel with unclearly main veins-----------------------------------------------------------8. A. septentrionale
1b. Fronds compound, 1-4 pinnate or pinnatifid.
9a. Fronds herbaceous, papyracous or coriaceous, incorrugate on superficies after dry, ultimate segments or pinnae unlinear, with multi-veins and sori; indusia opening to main veins, occasionally to margins.
10a. Fronds small, lanceolate, 1- pinnate, brown membranous winged or eroses - serrate on both lateral edges of longitudinal-valleculate on upper sides of stipes and rachises ( sometime one winged on dorsal rib).
11a. Stipes and rachises brown or deep- brown; upper sides of rachises clearly with brown membranous and entire narrow- wings on bilateral sides of longitudinal-valleculate (including dorsal plane).
12a. Rachises with 2 narrow-wings on upper bilateral sides--------------------------------------------------------9.A. trichomenes
12b. Rchises with 3 wide wings-------------------------------10. A. tripteropus
11b. Stipes and rachises woody-black; upper sides of rachises without wing but with erose-serrations or thorn-like long teeth.
13a. 1-2 pairs of pinnae on bases of rachises often with a axil bud on base------------------------------------------------------11.A. microtum
13b. 1-2 pairs of pinnae on bases of rachises no a axial bud on base.
14a. Pinnae renform or lower ones subovate-------12. A. humistratum
14b. Pinnae elliptic or lower ones subtriangular---------------------- --------------------------------------------13. A. glanduli-serrulatum
10b. Fronds differrent in size, lanceolate to brod- elliptic, 1-4 pinnate or pinnatifid, both leteral sides of longitudinal-valleculate on stipes and rachises without wing and serration but smooth..
15a. Fronds herbaceous or thin-herbaceous, occasionally papyraceous, 1-pinnate, pinnae subdimidiately trapeziform.
16a. leteral pinnae obtuse on apexes, occationally acute.
17a. Rhizomes short and erect, fronds clustered.
18a. Laminae usually 2-3 cm wide, pinnal lenght 1-2 times as wide ----------------------------------------------------14. A. normale
18b. Laminae ca 1 cm wide, laminal lenght as wide------------------------------------------------------15. A. gulinense
17b. Rhizomes long and creeping, fronds scattered.
19a.Sori attached at upper parts of veinlets and located insides of serrations and far from main veins---------16. A. cheilosorum
19b. Sori attached at middle or lower parts of veinlets and located below serrations and closed to main veins.
20a. Lower margins of lateral pinnae strongly bended up and apexes clearly projected downwards.
21a. Upper margins of lateral pinnae lacerate; serrations long and retuse at tops--------------A. retusullum
21b. Upper margins of lateral pinnae shallow-tooth- like.
22a. Upper margins of pinnae serrulate and entire on tops of serruraton; veinlets sprending to sinses between serrulations-------18. A. wulingshanense
22b. Upper margins of pinnae crenatus or broadly blunt serrate and retuse on tops, veinlets spreading to retuses.
23a. Laminae ca 4 cm wide; pinnae ca. 2 cm long, upper margins broad- blunt serrate------------------------------------19. A. latedens
23b. Laminae ca 3 cm wide; pinnae reached to 1.5 cm long, upper margins crenatus------------------------------------20. A. adiantifrons
20b. Lower margins straightly linear or sometime bitly bened to insede and apexes bitly projected downwards.
24a. Upper margins of pinnae sharply serrate and unretuse on tops; stipes (except bases) and rachises glabrous.
25a. Pinnal veinlets spreading to sinses between serrations----------------------21. A. szechuanense
25b. Pinnnal veinlets spreading to tops of serrations--20. A. unilaterale
24b. Upper margins crenate or with thick and blunt serrations and retuse on tops, veinlets spreading to retuse of serration; stipes and rachises all covered with yellowish- brown tomentums.
26a. Apexes of lateral pinnae acute, upper margins with thick and blunt serrations; stipes and rachises all densely covered tomentums -----------24. A. furfuraceum
26b. Apexes of lateral pinnae obtuse, upper margins crenate; stipes and rachises sparsely covered with tomentums.
27a. Plants reached to 25 cm tall, stipes reddish-brown; pinnae ca. 8 mm wide----------------------22. A. quercicola
27b. Plants 28-40 cm tall, stipes castaneousish-brown; pinnae ca. 5 mm. wide-----------------23. A. changputungense
16b. Lateral pinnae acuminate at apexes.
28a. Laminae bitly widened to bases; pinnae rhomboid--------25. A. exisum
28b. Laminae unwidened to base; pinnae bitly rhomboidly lanceolate.
29a. Stipes and rachises glabrous; upper margins of pinnae sharply serrate and entire on tops of serrations; veinlets spreading to tops of serrations.
30a. Pinnal apexes acuminate and pinnatifid; rachises deep- brown and edges of longitudinal vallecula on upper sides greyish-green-----------------------------------20 A. unilaterale
30b. Laminal apesxe quickly attenuated and caudate; rachises greyish-green-----------------------------------26. A. obscurum
29b. Stipes and rachises covered with scales; veinlets spreading to inside of serrations.
31a. Stipes densely covered with rusty brown scales and also sparsely with ones on rachis; fronds papyraceous, pinnal upper margins with inregular sparse crenations and 2 or 3 small crenations on each one; produced in S- E Yunnan ------------------------------------------------27. A. tranpezoideum
31b. Stipes and rachises sparsely covered with deep-brown scales; fronds chartaceous, pinnal upper margins with unregular hebetate serrations; produced in E Guangxi-----------28 A. subtrnpezoideum
15b. Fronds herbaceous, papyraceous or coriaceous, 1-4 pinnate or pinnatifid, pinnae undimidiatly trapeziform.
32a. Fronds 1-pinnate, pinnae lanceolate, magins serrate or crenate, both lateral sides of main veins of pinnae separately with one row of sori, sporangia all opening to main veins; veins unclearly raised on both sides, laminal surfaces ungrooved-ridged-shape.
33a. Laminae imparipinnate, i.e. terminal one piece of pinna free and same or near shape with lateral ones.
34a. Lateral pinnae ovato-lanceolate, terminal pinna 3-forked (sometime 2-forked), veins more or less connected near margins------------------------------------29. A. finlaysonianum
34b. Lateral and terminal pinnnae all lanceolate, veins free--------------------------------------------------30. A. loriceum
33b. Laminae inimparipinnate and pinnatifid to apexes, segments gradually reduced..
35a. Both lateral sides of rachises all with broad- wings, ends of stipes often also with wings on both latera sides----------31. A. alatulum
35b. Rachises with narrow- wings above mid both lateral sides only.
36a. Narrow wings on both lateral sides of rachises decurrent to middle, pinnal margins with single serrations or double serrations.
37a. lower pinnae long acuminate at apexes and bent a bow, margins with sparse and thick serrations-------------------------------------32. A. wrightii
37b. Lower pinnae acuminate at apexes, straight, margins with small serrations.
38a. Sori linear, from main veins spreading out and reached to margins-------------33. A. taiwanense
38b. Sori subelliptic or short-linear, located in middle of pinnae and far from main vein and margin.
39a.Pinnae narrow-lanceolate, base narrow- cuneate subsymemtry----34.A. pseudowrightii
39b. Pinnae lanceolae, bases bitly obliquely broad- cuneate, bitly asymmetry-------38. A. fujianense
36b. Both lateral sides of rachises winged on apexes only..
40a. Pinnal bases very asymemtry, i.e. basel basiscopic side strongly oblique-cutting off------------------------------42. A. matsumurae
40b. Pinnal bases subsymmetry or bitly asymmetry.
41a. Stipes and rachises densely covered with brown fibrillose scales, margins below pinnal topical parts deeply undulate ---------------------------------------------37 A. subcrenatum
41b. Stipes and rachises glabrous or uncovered same scales, pinnal margins serrate from bases up to.
42a. Pinnal margins double serrate----41 A. .dublicatoserratum
42b. Pinnal margins denticulate.
43a. Lower pinnae 4-7 cm long.
44a. Stipes and rachises greyish-stramineous, pinnal margins obviously with sparse serratons------------------------35. A.wrightioides
44b. Stipes and rachises greyish-brown, pinnal marginswith unobviosly denticulatons----36. A. serratissimum
43b. Lower pinnae 10-16 cm long.
45a. Pinnal margins densely denticulate------38. A. fujianense
45b. Pinnal margins sparsely thicker denticulate.
46a. Lateral pinnae reached to 16 pairs----------------40. A. laui
46b. Lateral pinnae 20-22 pairs------------39. A. neomaltijugum
32b.Fronds1-4 pinnate, pinnal multi-forms in shape, but no longly lanceolate, margins eroses or diferrent degree of dividing.
47a. Stipes greenish, grass-grey to deep-brown, laminae papyraceous to coriaceous, usually elliptic, if rachises covered with scales and bases stellate and easy fallen, veins usually cleary raised on both sides, laminal surfaces grooved-ridged-shape; sori multi-rows on both lateral sides ( or acroscopic sides ) of main veins, indusia except opening to main veins and basiscopic ones susally opening to margins.
48a. Fronds 1- pinnate or bipinnatifid.
49a. Fronds imparipinnte, terminal pinnae usually biger than lateral ones.
50a. Fronds coriaceous, after dry deeply brown, pinnal both surfaces grooved-riged-shape-----------------------------------------43. A. falcatum
50b. Fronds firm-papyraceous, after dry darkish- green, pinnal both surfaces without grooved-ridged-shape--------------------------44. A. longjinense
49b. Fronds unimparipinnate, i.e. pinnatifid at apexes, segments becoming Small and small up to..
51a. Laminal bases cobinated with rachises and connected from each other by wings up to------------------------------------------------45. A. adnatum
51b. Laminal bases free from rachises.
52a. Pinnae unparted, margins unregular serrate or laciniate.
53a. Stipes and rachises densely covered with blackish-brown scales.
54a. Stipes and rachises densely covered with stelaete in base and blackish-brown scales-------------------------46. A. asterolepis
54b. Stipes and rachises densely covered with blackish-brown fibrillose scales and gradually fallen when old--------------------------------------------47. A. crinicaule
53b. Stipes and rachises nearly smooth or covered with few reddish-brown fibrillose--------------------------48. A. indicum
52b. Pinnal margins lobeto-incised and usually nearly reached to main veins.
55a. Plants (20-)25-50 cm tall, pinnae rhomboid or rhomboidly lanceolate.
56a. Stipes and rachises densely covered with reddish-brown fibrillose thin scales-------------------49. A. praemorsum
56b. Stipes and rachises without scales or covered with blackish-brown lanceolate scales.
57a. Pinnal stalks 1-4 mm long, segments often shallowloly lobeto-incised at tops.
58a.Laminae linear-lanceolate,apexes acuminate, pinnae rhomboid and obtuse at apexes; producted S-W mainland China and Taiwan------50. A. laciniatum
58b. Laminae elliptically lanceolate and acute at apexes, pinnae romboidly lanceolate and acuminate at apexes; producted in Hainan---------------------. ------------------------------51. A. psedopraemoesum
57b. Pinnal stalks 5-10 mm long, segments bitly crenate at apexes--------------------------------------52. A. saxicola
55b. Plants 15-20 cm tall, pinnae rhoboibic----------53. A. oldhami
48b. Fronds 2-3 pinnate or 4- pinnatifid.
59a. Fronds 2- pinnate to 3- pinnatifid.
60a. Pinnules rhomboid-----------------------------------57. A. qiujiangense
60b. Pinnules spathulate or lingulate or the longly ovate.
61a. Laminae elliptic, mid pinnae usually more than 10 cm long.------------------------------------55A.spathulianum
61b. Lamnae lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, mid pinnae usually no more than 10 cm long.
62a. Stipes 2-4 cm long, including rachises densely covered with deeply brown lanceolate scales-----------54. A. rockii
62b. Stipes much longer, without scales or bitly covered with diferrent above- mentioned kind of scales.
63a. Basel acroscopic pinnules of pinnae undivided and thick crenate at apexes------------56. A. cuniatiforme
63b. Basel acroscopic pinnules of pinnae divided and segments sublacerate at apexes.
64a. Pinnae acuminate or caudatly acuminate to apexes.
65a. Plants stronger, fronds hard-coriaceous, pinnal apexes caudatly acuminate, basel acroscopic pinnules bitly biger than basiscopic ones------------------59. A. austro-chinense
65b. Plants slender, fronds fim-papyraceous, pinnal apexes acuminate, basel acroscopic pinnules much big than basiscopic ones-----------------------------61. A. consimile
64b. Pinnae acute to apexes-------------------------------6 2. A. hainanense
59b. Fronds 3- pinnate or 4- pinnatifid.
66a. Fronds herbaceous, veins unraised on both sides and also no grooved-riged-shape, indusia elliptic, ca. 4 mm. long, glaucous; produced in the mountain area of subtropical region--58. A. bullatum
66b. Fronds chartaceous or subcoriaceous, veins raised on both sides and grooved-riged-shape; indusia linear. raised at both sides and groove- ridge- shape; indusia linear.
67a. Indusia linear, 2-3 mm long, greyish; producted in subtropical region------------------------------60. A. wilfordii
67b. Indusia linear, longer, brown; producted in the tropical region.
68a. Ultimate pinnules broadly obovate, long almostly same with wide, apexes lacerate------65. A. sublaserpitifolium
68b. Ultimate pinnules longer than wide, apexes blunt-serrate.
69a. Stipes and rachises grass-brown or grass-grey, ultimate pinnules rhombicaly rhomboid, wide ca 1 cm, long bitly more than wide---------63. A. neolaserpitifolium
69b. Stipes and rachises grass-grey, ultimate pinnules ligulateor or obtriangularly ovate, wide ca 4 mm, long than two times as wide---64. A. pseudolaserpitifolium
47b. Stipes castaneous, subblack or greenish, usually castaneous to bases, laminae herbaceous or thin-herbaceous, lanceolate or ellipticaly lanceolate, occasionally ovate or triangular, rachises if with scales and entire on bases, laminae flat on superficies and veins unraised; indusia opening to main veins.
70a. Fronds 1- pinnate or bipinnatifid.
71a. Laminal bases combined with rachises, up to connected by narrow-wings---------------------------------------74. A. castaneoviride
71b. Pinnal bases free from rachises.
72a. Apexes of rachises susually prolongating into whip-like, mid pinnae elliptic and pinnatipartite; producte in W- China--------------------------------------------------70. A. yunanense
72b. Apexes of rachises never prolongaing into whip-like, pinnal long in lenght nearly equal with wide, subrhombic or ovato-rounded, margins serrate.
73a. Pinnal margins thick-crenate; producted in Xinjiang, Xizang, Sichuan and Taiwan--------------------------------------72. A. viride
73b. Pinnal margins thick-dendate; producted in in the M. China, E. China and N. China------------------------------------73. A. incisum
70b. Fronds 2-3- pinnate or 4- pinnatifid.
74a. Fronds 2- pinnate or 3- pinnatifid.
75a. Lower pinnae gradually shortened, basel ones often small auriclate.
76a. Fronds linear-lanceolate or narrow- lanceolate, usually 1–1.5(2.5) cm. wide in middle.
77a. Pinnal apexes obtuse, pinnules sessile and combined with rachillae , margins dendate------------70. A. yunnanense
77b. Pinnal apexes sharp, pinnules clearly short stalked and free from reachillae, margins of segments with opening, thick and big sharp serrations---71. A. pseudo-fontanum
76b. Fronds broadly lanceolate, middle 2.5-5 cm wide.
78a. Stipes greenish or castaneous or reddish- brown on under sides and one greenish edge separately on upper both lateral sides-------------------------73. A. incisum
78b. Stipes and rachises ( at least stipe) castaneously brown, upper both lateral sides ingreenish.
79a. Upper parts of stipes greenish up to, segments linear, mid pinnae longly triangular-lanceolatea and without bud at apexes-------------------76. A. barkamense
79b. Stipes and rachises castaneous, laminae rough divided, segments rectangular, mid pinnae elliptically lanceolate and with a bud at apexes-75. A. moupinense
75b. Lower pinnae unshortened or bitly shortened, basel pinnae same shape with upper ones (or bitly longer).
80a. Ultimate pnnules subovate, rounded or rhombic, entire or only unregular dentate.
81a. Stipes and rachises densely covered with globular glands.
82a. Laminae simple or tertnate-bipinnate, laminae and pinnules nearly circular-fan-shaped and dendiculate along margins, fronds thin herbaceous---------------------67. A. suborbiculare
82b. Fronds ternate-bipinnate, pinnules subovate, margins subentire; fronds soft- coriaceous----------------------------68. A. depenense
8lb. Stipes and rachises glabrous.
83a. Pinnae closed from each other, basel a pair of pinnae 1-1.5 cm long, ternate, lateral pinnules ovate or broadly rhombic, margins bitly sharp-dentate, terminal pinnules same shape with lateral ones------------------------------66. A. ruta-muraria
83b. Pinnae far separated from each other, basel a pair of pinnae reached to 1 cm long, lateral pinnules 3-4 pairs, ovate, margins bitly blunt dentate, terminal pinnules rhombic---------------69. A. subtenuiforlium
80b. Ultimate pinnules different shape, margins clearly serrate.
84a. Fronds hard herbaceous or papyraceous after dry.
85a. Stipe ( at least lower half part) blackish –brown, apexes of pinnules broad and blunt serrate or dentate ( rare sharp at apexes).
86a. Laminae triangular, apexes longly acuminate, bases 5-7 cm wide, stipes smooth, pinnae lanceolate------------------------98. A. toramamum
86b. Laminae lanceolate, wide reached to 2.5 cm, apexes acuminate, stipes ( at least lower part) sparsely covered with small scales, pinnae ellipyic, triangular or triangular-ovate.
87a. Margins of pinnules lacerated into linear segments and acute at tops ----------------------79. A. tianshanense
87b. Margins of pinnule only dendate or serrate..
88a Lateral pinnae closed from each other, dowanrds gradually shortened, teeth of pinnule blunt at tops -----------------------------------------------77. A. nesii
88b. Lateral pinnae far from each other, downwards bitly shortened or unshortened, teeth of pinnules sharp at tops---------------------------78. A. altajense
85b. Stipes all greenish ( occationally reddish- brown on bases), apexes of pinnules narrow and sharp serrate or dendate.
89a. Plants small and reached to 8 cm tall, basel acroscopic pinnules on lower pinnae undivided and only sharply serrate.
90a. Pinnae elliptic and acute at apexes, 1-2 pairs of pinnules free and short and sharp teeth at apexes-------------------------80. A. leiboense
90b. Pinnae rhombic, apexes rounded, basel acroscopic pinnules free only and long and sharp teeth at apexes--------------81. A. neovarians
89b. Plants usually ca.15 cm tall, basel acroscopic pinnules of lower pinnae parted.
91a. Laminae elliptic, stipes subsmooth on lower parts, fronds thin in texture, basel pinnae in- or subshortened, segments linear and shorter------------------------------82. A. sarrelii
91b. Laminae lanceolate, lower parts of stipes sparsely covered with blackish-brown lanceolate scales, fronds thick in texture, basel pinnae bitly shortened, segments wider and longer-----------83. A. pekinense
84b. Fronds thin- herbaceous after dry.
92a. Small herb, slender, laminae 7-10 mm. wide, stipes as silk, apexes of rachises usually prolongating to whip-like, pinnules 2-4 pieces, elliptic and entire-------------------------------------84. A. capillipes
92b. Plants much biger, shape stronger, laminae 1-3 cm wide, apexes of rachises never prolongating, pinnules ligulate, flabellate, elliptic, ovate or obovate and serrate or dendate at apexes.
93a. Apexes of pinnules with few blunt teeth or crenations.
94a. Apexes of pinnules bitly undulate- crenate---------------------------85. A. tenucaule
94b. Apexes of pinnules 2-3 thick and blunt teeth------------------------------86. A. subvarian
93b. Apexes of pinnules sharply serrate or teeth.
95a. Teeth on apexes of pinnules big and long.
96a. Plants 10-15 cm tall, stipes robust, laminae 2-3 cm wide---------------89. A. propinguum
96b. Plants 6-8 cm tall, stipes slender, laminae ca 1 cm wide.
97a. Pinnules laciniate.
98a. Laminae short acuminate at apexes, pinnules deeply laciniate, and with 3- 4 slips of nearly same length of lanceolate segments----87. A. xinjiangense
98b. Laminae acuminate at apexes, pinnules sharrowly laciniale and with 5-6 pieces diferrent length tooth-like short segments----------88. A. subdigitatum
97b. Laminae acuminate at apexes, pinnules undivided and with 2-4 sharp serrations-----------------93. A. hebeiense
95b. Serrations or teeth on apexes of pinnules short and fine.
99a. Laminae 2-4 cm wide, basel pinnae prominently shortened, pinnules with 6-8 sharp serrations---------------------- 94. A. varians
99b. Laminae 1–1.8 (-2) cm wide, basel pinnae in- or bitly shortened.
100a. Basel acriscopic pinnules of pinnae free----90. A. paucijugum
100b. Pinnae with 2-6 pieces of free pinnules.
101a.Pinnules all free----------95. A. boreali-chinense
101b. 2 pieces of pinnules on lower parts of pinnae free only.
102a. Mid pinnae 8-11 mm long, 7-9 mm. wide, pinnules sharp serrulate at apexes---------------91. A. argutum
102b. Mid pinnae 6-9 mm long and 5-8 mm wide, pinnules denticulate at apexes-----------92. A. tianmushanense
75b. Fronds 3- pinnate or 4-pinnatifid.
103a. Fronds characeous, ultimate the pinnules ( or segments) sharply serrate on margins, stipes castaneousish-red------------------------- -- --------------------96. A. adiantum- nigrum L. var. yuanum
103b. Fronds herbaceous or thin- herbaceous, ultimate pinnules entire or with thick and blunt teeth..
104a. Stipes and rachises woody-black..
105a. Ultimate egments ovate to lingulate and blunt denate at apexes---------------------99. A. subtoramanum
105b. Ultimate segments linear and entire.
106a. Plants fine and small, usually reached to 25 cm tall, ulimate segments dimorphic, i.e. sterile ones linear and fertile ones wider----100. A. coenobiale
106b. Plants stronger, usually reached to 30 cm tall, ultimate segments monomorphic, weder--------101. A. fuscipes
104b. Stipes greenish or partly contained brown or reddish-brown.
107a. Laminae broadly triangular or triangularly ovate, stipes longer than laminae; sori reached to 6 mm long-----------97. A. interjectum
107b. Laminae elliptic or broadly lanceolate, stipes shorter than laminae; sori no more than 2 mm long..
108a. Laminae elliptic, ultimate segments narrowly lingulate and with 2-3 teeth on apexes, 1-2 sori on per segment----------------------102. A. chenhkouense
108b. Laminae broadly lanceolate, ultimate lanceolate and entire, one veinlet and one sorus on per segment.
109a.Stipes greenish or contained reddish- brown on lower sides of lower parts, ultimate segments 1.5 mm wide, and acuminate at apexes; indusia big and broadly elliptic------------103. A. tenuifolium
109b. Stipes all castaneousish- red ( sometime rachises with same colour on lower parts), or upper surfaces greenish, ultimate segments 1 mm wide and nearly obtus or sometime short and sharp at apexes; indusia far small------------- ----------------------------104. A. tenuissimum
9b. Fronds subcarnose, usually more juicy, bitly corrugate on surfaces after dry, ultimate pinnule or segmnt linear ( occasionally connected by membranes) and only with one vein or one linear sorus, indusia reached to margins in wide and opening to outside..
110a. Laminae bpinnate, occasionally 1- pinnate.( due to pinnae connected by membranes)
111a. Lamane 1- pinnate, pinnal margins with short segments-----------105. A. tenerum
111b. Laminae bipinnate.
112a. Apexes of rachises usually prolongating into whipe-like, pinnae obliquely up, mid pinnae with 2-5 pieces of pinnules on acroscopic sides and 0-3 (-4 ) pieces on basiscopic sides---------------------106. A. prolongatum
112b. Apexes of rachises inprolongated, pinnae nearly flatly spreading, mid pinnae with more than 5 pieces of pinnules on per lateral sides.
113a. Plants ca 40 cm tall, stipes reached to 13 cm long, pinnae bitly shortened downwards, mid pinnae 2.5-4 cm long, pinnules 10-16 pairs------------------------------------107.A. belengeri
113b. Plants ca 20 cm tall, stipes ca. 6 cm long, pinnae clearly shortened downwards, mid pinnae 1.5-2 cm long, pinnules usually 5-7(-8) pairs------------------------------------108.A. sampsoni
110b. Fronds 3- pinnate or 3- pinnatifid.
114a. Pinnae reached to 7.5 cm long, rachillae narrow- winged on both lateral sides-------------------------------------------09. A. davarioides
114b. Pinnae reached to 15 cm tall, rachises without wing on both lateral sides-------------------------------------110. A. trigonopterum
狹叶铁角蕨 xia ye tie jiao jue
Asplenium annmense Christ in Journ. de Bot. 264. 1908.
Epiphytic, plants 16-40 cm tall. Rhizomes short and erect, deeply brown, apexes densely covered with scales; the scales ovato-lanceolate or elliptically lanceolate, thick-membranous, deeply brown, subentire but bihtly sparsely denticulate. Fronds simple and clustered; stipes 2-7 cm long, or subsessile, stramineou; laminae linear-lanceolate, 15-40 x 1.5-2(-3) cm, both margins nearly parallel, attenuate to both ends, apexes longly acuminate, bases narrowly cuneate and narrow-winged along stipes. Main veins clear, robust, both sides raised, longitudinal-valleculate on upper sides; veinlets clear on both sides simple but often biforked on upper parts, straight and unreached to margins, a clear hydathode at end. Fronds coriaceous and after dry brownish-green, both lateral sides of rachises on under surfaces and bases sparsely covered with deeply brown stellate small scales. Sori broadly linear, 4-7 mm long, deeply brown, bitly obliquely spreading and from main veins running outside to 2/3 wide of lamina, born on acroscopic sides of acroscopic one venlet; broadly linear, yellowish- brown, thick membranous, entire and opening to main veins and persistent. Chromosome 2 n = 144.
On tree trunks or shady and wet racks under forest; 1300-1600 m.; Guangdong, Gangxi, Hainan and S- E Yunnan ( India, the peninsula on S. China and the peninsula of Malaysia). Specimen of type collected from Perak.
長柄鐵角蕨 chang bing tie jiao jue
Epiphytic, Plants 30-50 cm tall. Rhizomes short and erect, deeply brown, apexes densely covered with scales; the scales broadly lanceolate, thick in texture, blackish-brown and margins sparsely denticulate. Fronds simple and clustered; stipes 7-10 cm long, deeply brown, densely covered with scales, up to stramineous and smooth and longitudinal-valleculate on upper sides; laminae linear-lanceolate, 18-37 x 1.8-2.4 cm, both margins parallel, attenuate to both ends, apexes long-acuminate, bases cuneate and bitly decurrent along stipe, margins sparsely sinuate, bases with one or two triangular small projections on both lateral sides.Main veins clear, robust and raiseds on both sides, straminous; veinlets biforked, occasionally simple or triforked, straight and reached to margins. Fronds coriaceous, after dry brownish-green, under surfaces along both lateral sides of main veins bitly covered with blackish-brown stellate small scales. Sori broadly linear, 4-6 mm long, deeply brown, obliquely spreading and from main veins running outside reached to 2/3 wide of laminae or more far, born on acroscopic veinlets; indusia broad/y linear, brownish, thick- membranous, entire and opening to main veins and persisent.
On rocks under wet dense forest. Edemic S-E Guangxi.
This species is similar to A. scotechinii Bedd., but the stipes longer, the laminal bases cuneate and bitly decurrent.
厚叶铁角蕨 hou ye tie jao jue
Asplenium holophyllum Bak.; Asplenium pifaense Christ; Asplnium nakanoanum Makino; Asplenium iridiphyllum & . scolopendrium Hayata.
Plants 15-30 cm tall. Rhizomes short and erect, deeply brown, apexes densely covered with scales; the scales lanceolate or ovato-lanceolate, membranous, blackish-brown and polished, and margins small denticulate. Fronds clastered, simple; stipes very short or subsessile, stamineousish; laminae lanceolate,15-25 x 1.4-2(-3.9) cm, apexes acuminate or acute, bases slowly decurrented into narrow-wing, margins entire on lower parts, up to inregularly undulate-crenate ( sometime only sparsely sinuate). Main veins clear, robust, unclearly raised on under sides, upper sides roundly raised, stramineoussh, veinlets unclear on both sides or visible on upper side, obliquely spreading, biforked, straight and unreached to margins. Fronds carnous, after dry greenish, both surfaces sparsely covered with deeply brown or deeply brown only on base stallete small scales and usually denser on under surface and partly fallen when old. Sori broadly linear, 5-8.5 mm long, deeply brown, bitly obliquely spreading, from main veins running outside and reached to 2/3 wide of laminae or bitly more, born on acroscopic sides of acroscopic veinlets; indusia broadly linear, glaucous and than becomming yellowish-brown, membranous, entire , opening to main veins and persistent. Chromosome 2 n = 72.
On wet rocks under forest; 150-1600 m.; Fujing, Guangdong, Guangxi, S. Guizhou, Hainan, Hunan, S. Sichuan, Taiwan, Xizang and S- E Yunnan ( Bhutan, N.W India, Japan, Myanmer, Nepal and Vietnan). Specimen of type collected from N.W India ( Khasia).
信宜鐵角蕨 xin yi tie jao jue
Epiphytic, plants 25-40 cm tall. Rhzomes short and erect, blackish-brown apexes densely covered scales; scales lanceolate, deeply brown, thick membranous, entire. Fronds clustered, simple; stipes (6-)10-18 cm long, lower parts densely covered with same scales, up to sparser, stramineous, upper part narrow winged on both lateral sides; laminae lanceolate, 12-29 x 2-3.5 cm, apexes longly acuminate, bases bitly cuneater or more or less suddently narrowed into narrow-wings along stipe, margins sinuate or crenate, lower pinnae usually pinnapartite into lanceolate segments, reached to 7 cm long, ca. 1 cm wide, acuminate at apexes, margins sparsely sinuate. Main veins clear, slender and stramineous on upper sides, under sider robust and clearly raised, rounded and sparsely covered with stellate small scales and fallen becoming smooth when old; Fronds carnous, after dry greenish, under surfaces sparsely covered with brown stellate small scales, particularly denser on both lateral sides of main veins. Sori broadly linear, brown, 5-10 mm long; nearly flatly spreading, straight, from main veins running outside, unreached to margins, born on acroscopic veinlets, occasionally on basiscopic veinlets but sori far short; indusia broadly linear, greyish-green, thick- membanous, entire, opening to main veins and persistent.
On rocky cliffs in valley by stream; endemic in W. E Guangdong ( xinyi).
This species is similar to A. griffthianum Hook.on shape, but the plant is far taller and biger, laminae long stiped and suddenly narrowed on lower parts, main veins clearly raised on under sides.
江南铁角蕨 jiang nan tie jue
Epiphytic, plants 25-40 cm tall. Rhizomes short and erect, deeply brown, apexes densely covered with scales; the scales lanceolate, membranous, deeply brown or blackish-brown, polished and subentire. Fronds simple, clstered; stipes ca 2-4 cm long, greyish- straminous, densely covered with scales; laminae lanceolate, 15-36 x 3-4 cm, wider at middle, apexes longly acuminate or sharp, bases longly decurrented and narrow-winged, margins more or less undulate, sometime entire and with thick-membranous narrow edges. Main veins clear and unraised, brownish, veinlets obscure on both sides or only visible on upper side, very obliquelly up to, biforked, straight and unreached to margin. Fronds soft- papyraceous, after dry brown, occasionally covered with small stellate scales on upper surface. Sori linear, 1.5-2.2 (-2.7) cm long, deepply brown, very obliquely up to, from main veins running outside reached near margins, born on acroscopic veinlets; indusia linear, yellowish-brown to deeply brown, thick- membranous, entire, opening to main veins and persistent.
On rocks by stream sides under forest; 550-910 m.; Guangdong, Guangxii, S.Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan, Hainan, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, S. E. and M. Yunnan ( Japan and Vietnan). Specimen of type collected from Guizhou ( pingfa)
Formerly, this species was mistanken as A. ensiforme Wall., in fact in addition at announce geographically, it is a diferrent in the morphic too, particularly the frond is soft- papyraceous, main veins unclearly raised on both sides, the two species can not be cofused.
劍叶铁角蕨 jian ye tie jiao jue
Asplenium holosorum Christ; A. melenolepis Bak. A. tonkinenseC. Chr.
Plants 25-45 (-65) cm tall. Rhizomes short and erect, black, densely covered with scales; the scales lanceolate thick-membranous, black, polished and entire or sparsely small denticulate. Fronds simple and clustered; stipes 5-8(-15) cm long, stramineous, bases densely covered with scales, up to becoming sparser; laminae lanceolat, 18-25(-50) X 1.5-2 (-4) cm, apexes longly acuminate, bases slowly decurreted into narrow-wing, entire, bitly recurled after dry. Main veins clear, robust, stramineous, under sides clearly roundly raised, upper sides subrounded and longitudinal-valleculate, veinlets obscure, very obliquely up, biforked, straight and unreached to margins. Fronds coriaceous, after dry yellowish-green or brownish, upper surfaces smooth, under surfaces sparsely covered with stellate small scales and gradually fallen and becoming smooth when old. Sori linear, 0.8 – 2 (-4) mim long, brown, very obliquely up to, from main veins running outside reached to 2/3 – 3/4 wide of lamina and born on acroscopic veinlets; indusia linear, yellowish-brown or brownish-green and then becoming deeply brown, papyraceous, entire, opening to main veinlets and persistent. Chromosome 2 n = 144.
On the rocks and tree trunks under forest; 840-2800 ms. Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, S.Hunan, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Xizang and Yunnan (Bhutan, N. India, S.Japan, Myanmer, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Sikkim, Thailand and Vietnan). Specimen of type collected from Nepal.
1a. Laminae linear-lanceolate-----------------------------------6b. f. stenophyllum
1b. Laminae lanceolate.
2a. Apexes of laminae longly acuminate and unforked-------6a f. ensiforme
2b. Apexes of lamnae 2-3 forked, segments subulate-acuminate at tops----------------------------------------------------------------6c. f. bicuspe
劍叶铁角蕨 (原变形) jian ye tie jiao jue (yuan bian xing)
Laminae lanceolate and apexes longly acuminate.
On rocks and tree trunks under forest; 840-2800 m.; Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, S.Hunan, Jiangxi, Sichuan Xizang and Yunnan ( Bhutan, N. India, S. Japan, Myanmer, Nepal, Sikkim, Sri Lanka, Thailand and Vietnam).
线叶铁角蕨xian ye tie jiao jue
Asplenum stenophyllum Bedd. Ferns Brit. Ind. t. 147. 866; Asplenium ensifprm var. stenophyllum Ching; A. gracilipes Ching & Y. X. Ling.
This form is a type of extremely narrow fronds, laminae linear-lanceolate, ca 15-35(-45) x 0.8-1.6 cm., thicher in texture; sori shorter, elliptic, 5-10(-14) mm long, closed to main veins. On tree trunks or rocks by stream sides under forest; 1700-3500 m; Xizang, Yunnan (India and Sikkim ). Specimen of type collected from India.
叉裂铁角蕨 cha lie tie jiao jue
Diplazium biscupe Hayata, Icon.. Pl. Form. 4: 214, t. 146. 1914; Asplenium biscupeHayata..
Apexes of laminae 2-3 forkeds, small segments subulatly acuminate at apexes.
Ca. 2300 m.; Edemic in Taiwan.
黑边铁角蕨 hei bian tie jiao jue
Epiphytic, plants 4-8 cm tall. Rhizomes short and erect, apexes densely covered with scales; the scales lanceolate, membranous, blackish-brown, iridescent polished and entire. Fronds simple, clustered into rosulate and flatly streching on land; stipes slender, 5-12 mm, cylindraceous, puplish- black, bright, sparsely covered with appressed yellowish-brown fine scales when young and fallen becoming smooth when old; laminae elliptic, 3-6 (-8.5) x 1.2- 1.7 (-2) cm, obtus at apexes , bases broadly cuneate or rotund, sometime truncate, margins undulate and with one very narrow black edge. Main veins clear on under sides, black and bright, veinlets obscure or bitly visible on upper sides, obliquely sprading, biforked, occasionally 3-4 forkeds, slender, bend and unreached to margins. Fronds coriaceous, after dry olive on upper surfaces and brown on under surfaces. Sori elliptic, 3-6 mm long, brown, located between main vein and margin, far from main veins and closed to margin, born on acroscopic veinlets; indusia linear- elliptic, greyish- brown and then becoming deeply brown, thin papyraceous, entire and with a slender purple narrow edge, opening to main veins and persistent..
In crevies of limestone by stream sides under forest; ca. 1100 m.; N.Guangdong, Guangxi, S. Guizhou and Jiangxi. Specimen of type collected from Guizhou (ping fa).
叉叶铁角蕨cha ye tie jiao jue
Acrostichum septentrional L. Sp. Pl. 2: 1068. 1753; Scolopendrium septentroinal Reth; Belvisia septentrionalis Mirb.; Acropteris septentrioonalis Link; Blahnum septentrionale Wallr.; Amesium sasakii Hayata; Amesium septentrionale Newm.; Asplenium septentrional var. sasakii (Hayata) C. Chr.
Plants 8-15 cm tall. Rhizomes short and erect or ascending,apexes densely covered with scales; the scales linear-lanceolate, membranous, blackally brown, iridescent-polished and margins bitly dentate. Fronds clustered; stipes 6-10 m long, grassish-green, bases castaneous, polished, smooth, apexes 2-3 forkeds, segments linear, 2-3 x 0.1-0.15 cm, apexes redivided into 2-3 needle small segments, bases gradually narrowed into stipe-like and entire on lateral sides. Veins obscure, main veins faintly visible, veinlets slender and nearly parallel with main veins, one veinlet on per small segment. Fronds coriaceous, grassish- green. Sori linear, brown, born on acroscopic sides of veinlets and closed to main veins and parallel with, densely contacted and spreading all over under surfaces of segments; indusia linear, brown, membranous, entire, opening to main veins and persistent. Chromosome 2 n = 144.
Clustered growing in crevices among open rocks;1100-4100 m.; Shaanxi, Taiwan, Xinjiang and Xizang ( N. India, Japan, Rusia: N. Ameirican and Europe ). Specimen of type collected from Europe.
铁角蕨 tie jiao jue
Asplenium trichomanoides Houtt.; Trichomanes crenatm Gilib.; Aspleium melanocaulon Will.; Pylilitis rotundifolia Moench; Asplenium minus and pusillum Bl.; A. densum Brack.; A. melaolepis Col.
Plants 10-30 cm tall. Rhizomes short and erect, densely covered with scales; the scales linear-lanceolate, thick-membranous, black, polished, bitly iridescent and entire. Fronds majority and clustered; stipes 2-8 cm long, castaneosish-brown, polished, bases densely covered with scales, up to smooth, and longitudinal-valleculate on upper sides, both lateral sides with brown, membranous and entire narrow winges, under sides rounded, texture crustaceous, usually stipe persistent after laminae fallen; laminae longly linear, 10-25 x 0.9- 1.6 cm, apexes longly acuminate, bases bitly narrowed, 1-pinnate; pinnae ca 20-30 pairs, Basel ones opposite, up to pinnae opposite or alternate, flatly spreading and subsessile, mid pinnae same in size, 3.5 – 6(- 9) x 2-4 (- 5) mm, elliptic or ovate, apexes rounded and blunt dentate, bases subsymmetricol or asymmetricol roundly cuneate, acroscopic sides biger and occasionally with small auriculate projection, entire, both lateral margins small crenate; lower pinnae gradually reduced into multiforms: ovate, rounded, flabellate, triangular or auriculate. Veins pinnate, slender and obscure, veinlets much obliquely up to, biforked, occasionally simple, basel acroscopic one vein of pinnae usually 2-biforked and unreached to margins. Fronds papyracous, after dry grassish-green or brown; rachises castaneuosish-brown, polished, smooth and longitudinal-valleculate on upper sides, both lateral sides brown membranous entire winged, under sides rounded. Sori broadly linear, 1-3.5 mm, yellowish- brown, usually born on acroscopic veinlets, 4-8 on per pinna; indusia broadly linear, glaucous and then becoming brow, membranous, entire, opening to main veins and persistent. Chromosome 2 n = 144.
On or in rocks or crevices among rocks in valley under forest; 400-3400 m.; Anhui, Fujian, Gansu, Guangdong, Guangi, Guizhou, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Xinjiang, Xizang Zhejiang and Yunnan ( all the temperate zone of worlds and tropic and subtropic high mountain). Specimen of type collected from Europe.
三翅铁角蕨san chi tie jiao jue
Asplenium anceps v. Buch var. proliferum Nakai; Asplenium trichomanes L. var. centro- chinense Christ; A. trialatum C. Chr..
Plants 15-30 cm tall. Rhizomes short and erect, apexes densely covered with scales; the scales linear-lanceolate, thick-membranuos, deeply brown or darkish-brown and with brown edge, entire. Fronds clustered; stipes 3–5 cm long, woody- black, polished, bases densely covered with scales, up to smooth, triangular, separately with one brown membnranus entire broadly winges on both lateral sides on upper sides and rige of under sides, crustaceus in texture, usually after laminae fallen and stipe left; laminae linear, 12-28 x 1-2.5 cm, attenuate to both ends, 1-pinnate; pinnae 23-35 pairs, opposite or up to ones alternate, flatly spreading, sessile, mid pinnae same in size, 5-13 x 2-7 cm, elliptic, apexes rounded, bases asymmetrical, acroscopic sides subtruncate and bitly auriculate, parallel with or covered rachises, basiscopic sides cuneate, margins entire except base, others with fine and blunt serrations; lower several pairs of pinnae downwards gradually becoming small and small and into rounded, ovate or flabellate. Veins pinnate, obscure, veinles slender, biforked. Fronds papyraceous, after dry grassish-green or brownish-green; rachises woody black, polished, smooth, triangular, both lateral sides on upper sides and on ridge of under sides all with one brown membranous entire broadly winges, up to apexes of rachises usually with 1-2 (- 3 ) scaly axillary buds and germinating on maternal plant. Sori elliptic, 1-2 mm long, rustyish-brown, 3-6(-11) on per pinna; indusia elliptic, membranous, greyish-green, entire and opening to main veins. Chromosome 2n = 144.
In wet rocks or acid soils under forest; 400 - 1350 m.; S. Anhei, S. E. Gansu, Fujian, Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, S. Shaanxi; Taiwan, Zhejang and Yunnan ( Japan, Korea and N Myanmar). Specimen of type colleced from Japan.
This species is similar to A. trichomanes L. in outline, but plants is biger, stipe and rachis triangular, longitudinal-valleculate on upper sides and one brown membranous broadly wing at each angle of stipe, rachis up to apex with 1-2 axillary buds.
滇南铁角蕨dian nan tie jiao jue
Plants ca. 15 cm tall. Rhizomes short and erect, densely covered with scales; the scales linear-lanceolate, thick-membrnanous, darkly brown. Fronds clustered; stipes 2-3 cm long, blackly brown and polished, under sides rounded, upper sides flatly broad, both lateral sides interrupt brown narrow winged, margins erosely serate; laminae linear-lanceolate, 12-7 x 1-1.3 cm, attenuate to both ends, 1- pinnate; pinnae 25-32 pairs, opposite or subopposite, flatly spreading, sessile and easy fallen, mid pinnae nearly same in size, 2-7 x ca 5 mm, elliptic-triangular, apexes rounded, bases asymmetrical, basiscopic side cuneate, acroscopic side subtruncate and parallel with rachis, bitly auriculatly projected, margins entire except base, others all undulate or undulatly crnate; lower pinnae downwards gradually contracted becoming rhomboid. Veins pinnate and obscure, veinlets biforked or simple. Fronds subcoriaceous, after dry greyish-green; rachises blackish-brown, polished, under sides rounded, upper sides flatly broad and deeply brown erose serrate on both laterl sides,1-2 pieces of pinnal bases on lower parts of rachises usually with one scaly axillary bud. Sori elliptic or linear- elliptic, 1-2 mm long, located on both lateral sides of main veins and unreached to margins; 2-5 on per pinna; indusia same shape with sorus, membranous, greyish- brown, entire and opening to main veins.
On rocks undr forest; ca. 2000 m.; M. Guizhou and S. E. Yunnan.
This species is muc similar to A. trichomanes L., But frond subcoriaceous, the pinnal basel acroscopic side bitly auriculate, the above margins bitly undulate serrate, 1-2 pairs of pinnal base on lower parts of rachises with one axillary bud, both lateral sides of rachises with brown erose serrations.
肾羽铁角蕨shen yu tie jiao jue
Plants (4-)10 – 23 cm tall. Rhizomes short and erect, apexes densely covered with scales; the scales lanceolate, membranous, blackish-brown, iridescent-polished and entire. Fronds clustered; stipes (0.3-)2-3 cm long, black, polished, bases densely covered with scales, under sides rounded, upper sides broadly plane and sparsely erose serrate on both lateral sides; laminae linear, (4-)12-20 x 0.8-1.2 cm, both margins parallel with each other, apexes obtuse, btly narrowed to bases, 1-pinnate; pinnae (20-)28 - 42 pairs, opposite or lower ones subopposite or alternate, flatly spreading and subsessile, mid pinnae same size, (3-) 5-6 x 1.5 - 4 mm, subreniform, apexes rounded, bases asymmetrical, acroscopic sides flatly truncate and parallel with or covered rachises, basiscopic sides cuneate, margins entire or outsid margin or above margin bitly undulate, several pairs of pinnae on lower parts much contracted and grandually becoming into ovate or subrounded and easy fallen and left rounded short stalks, or extremely contracted to left extremely fine marks, nearly visible. Veins slender, pinnate, obscure, veinlets simple or biforked, basel acroscopic one vein usually 2-3 forked and unreached to margins. Fronds subcoriaceous, after dry greyish- green or darkish- green; rachises black, polished, under sides rounded, upper sides broadly plane and both lateral sides deeply brown erose serrulate. Sori elliptic, (0.6-)1-1.5 mm long, brown, born on middle or upper parts of veinlets, (1-)2-5 on per pinna, located in upper parts of pinnae; indusia elliptic, greyish-brown or brownish- green, thick-membranous, entire and opening to main veins.
In cliffs of limestone undr forest; 800-1600 m.; endemic in Sichuan.
This species is similar to A. trichomanes L., But stipes and rachises are black, upper sides without wing on both lateral sides and only with deeply brown erose serrulate, pinnae are densely contacted from each other, subreniform, usually entire. Sori are locating on upper parts of pinnae.
腺齿铁角蕨 xian chi tie jiao jue
Plants 10-12 cm tall. Rhizomes short and erect, densely covered with scales; the scales linear, deeply brown, bitly iridescent polished, membranous, entire. Fronds clustered; stipes 5-11 mm long, purplyish-black, polished, bases densely covered with scales, under sides rounded, upper sides plane longitudinal-valleculate and riged-shape on both lateral sides and with reddish-brown, gland-like small sharp serrations; laminae linear, 6-14 x 0.9-1.1 cm, almostly unnarrowed to both ends, 1- pinnate; pinnae 20-30 pairs, opposite or alternate on upper ones, flatly spreading, sessile, mid pinnae same in size, 4-6 x 2-3 mm, elliptic, apexes rounded, bases asymmetrical, acroscopic sides truncate and closed to rachises, basiscopic sides cuneate, entire or bitly with 2 or 3 sinuses and undulate on above margins, lower pinnae bitly contracted and gradually becoming subtriangular, basel 1-2 pairs of pinnae sometime strongly contracted into small auricles.Veins slender, pinnate, obscure, veinlets 2-3 pairs, simple. Basel 1-2 veinlets usually biforked and unreached to margins. Fronds subcoriaceous, after dry greysh-green; rachises castaneousish-brown or purplyish-black, polished, under sides rounded, plane longitudinal-valleculate and with reddish-brown gland-like small sharp serrations. Sori elliptic, ca. 1 mm long, born on middle of veinlets, 2-5 on per pinna, located in upper parts of pinnae; indusia elliptic, greyish-brown, entire and opening to main veins.
On the rocks under forest; ca. 2000 m.; endemic N. W.Yunnan.
This species is similar to A. trichomanes L., but stipe and rachis all purplyish-black, upper sides without wing on both lateral sides, only with reddish-brown glnd-like sharp serrations, pinnae elliptic, entire or only 2-3 shallow sinuate on above margins.
倒挂铁角蕨 dao gua tie jiao jue
Aslenium multijugum. Wall; A. opacum Kze.; A. pavonicum Brack.; A. pseudonormal W. M. Chu;
Plants 15-40 cm tall. Rhizomes short and erect, strong black, all or apexes only densely covered with scales; the scales lanceolate thick-membranous, blackish-brown, iridescent polished and entire. Frond clustered; stipes 5 – 15 (21) cm long, castaneousish-brown to purplyish-black, polished, bitly quadri-rib-form, bases sparsely covered with same scales and upward gradually becoming smooth; laminae lanceolate 12-14(-28) x 2-3.2 (-3.6) cm, 1- pinnate; pinnae 20-30(-44) pairs, alternate, flatly spreading, sessile, mid pinnae same in size, 8-18 x 4-8 mm, triangularly elliptic, apexes obtuse, bases asymmetrical, acroscopic truncate and bitly auriculate, basiscopic cuneate,except inner margin and other with thick serraions, lower 3-5 pairs of pinnae more or less reflexed downwards and same form and in size with mid ones, or bitly contracted and becoming into flabellate or obliquely triangular.Veins pinnate, slender, obscure or faintly visible, veinlets simple or biforked and unreached to margins. Fronds herbaceoust to thin- papyraceous, after dry brownish- green or greyish-green, glabrous; rachises castaneousish-brown, smooth, longitudinal-valleculate on upper sides, lower sides rounded, near apexes usually with one scaly gemma and germinating on maternal plant. Sori elliptic, 2-2.5(-3) mm long, far from main veins and reached to margins, 3-4 (-6) on per pinna; indusia elliptic, brownish or greyish- brown, membranous, entire and opening to main veins. Chromosome = 144.
On soil or rocks by stream sides under dense forest; 600-2500 m.; Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Xizang, Yunnan and Zhejiang [India, Japan, Malaysia, Myanmer, Nepal, Philipenes, Sri Lanka and Vietnan; E. Africa, Australia with Hawaiian etc. Paific island]. Specimen of type collected from Nepal.
庐山铁角蕨lu shan tie jiao jue
Plants ca 6 cm tall. Rhizomes short and erect, apexes densely covered with scales; the scales linear-lanceolate, thin-membranous, blackish-brown in midrib and brownish on both lateral sides, margins dentate. Fronds clustered; stipes 1.8-3.5 cm long, cylindraceous, castaneousish-red, polished, sparsely covered with brownish hyaline fibrillose small scales and partly fallen when old; laminae linear, more or less falcate, 3-5 x ca 1 cm, apexes acuminate,1- pinnate; pinnae 8-11 pairs, lower ones nearly opposite, upward ones alternate, flatly spreading, mid pinnae bitly biger, ca. 4-5 x 4-5 mm, subrhombic, outside margin rounded, entire or undulate, or with 1 or 2 sinuses, bases asymmetrical, acroscopic sides truncate and closed to rachises, basiscopic sides cuneate, sessile or subsessile, 3-4 pairs of pinnae on lower parts same shape with mid ones but bitly smaller and usually caducous. Veins pinnate, slender, obscure, veinlets simple or biforked and unreached to margins. Fronds papyraceous, after dry greyish-green; rachises castaneous, brown, polished, bitly covered with small scales, under sides cylindraceous and longitudinal-valleculate up to apical part. Sori elliptic, ca 1 mm long, brown, born on middle or lower parts of veinlets and unreached to margins, 3-5 on per pinna; indusia same form with sorus, greyish- green, membranous, entire and opening to main veins..
On rocks under forest; Hunan and Jiangxi. Specimen of type collected from Jiangxi ( lushan)
This species is similar to A. normal Don in outline, but plants far smaller, stipe castaneousish-red, pinnae smaller and subrhombic, margin edentate.
Types of specimen of Asplenium parviusculum Ching and A. hangzhouense Ching & C. F Zhang [ in Bull. Bot. Res. 3 (3): 37-38. 1983, wiches collected from Zhejiang and had not been faund in their kept unit and their main characters in comparing again by themselves when published. They are difficult on textual research. According to character descriptions when published the two new species are similar to A. gulingense Ching and listing here for reference only.
齿果铁角蕨 chi guo tie jiao jue
Asplenium heterocarpum Wall.; Hymenasplenium cheilosorum Tagawa.
Plants 30-50 cm tall. Rhizomes long and creeping, yellowish-brown, apexes densely covered with scales; the scales lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, bitly iridescent polished, membranous and entire. Fronds approached or sparse; stipes 9-16 cm long, castaneousish-brown, polished, unobviosly quadri-rib-form, bases densely covered with same scales, up to smooth; laminae linear-lanceolate, 1.8-2.5 (-3.6) x 0.5-0.9 cm, dimidiately trapeziform, apexes obtuse, bases asymmetrical, obliquely cuneate, inner margins obliquely truncate and parallel with rachises, lower margins flatly truncate and entire, outside- and above margins lobed into 9-14 elliptic lobeles, usually lobed reached to 1/4 – 2/5, tops of lobelets with 1-2 sharrow-sinses and showed to crenate, lower pinnae flatly spreading or reflexed downwards and falcate, same form with mid ones but bitly smaller. Veins pinnate, main veins obvious, lower parts combinate with under margins of pinnae, veinlets slender, obvious, 2-3 forked, one veinlet on per lobele and unreached to margins. Fronds membranous or herbaceous, after dry darkish-green, glabrous; rachises castaneousish-brown, polished, longitudinal-valleculate on upper sides and both lateral sides greyish-green. Sori elliptic, 1-3 mm long, brown, born at tops of veinlets and located in inner of serrations, 1-2 on per lobeles; indusia elliptic, yellowish-brown and then becoming deeply brown, membranous, entire and opening to main veins or margins, persistent. Chromosome 2n = 108.
In the soil or wet rocks by strem sides under forest; 500-1800 m; Fuian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Taiwan, S. E. Xizang and Yunnan [ Bhtan, India, Indonesia, S.Japan, Malaysia, Myanmer, Nepal, Philippenes, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Sikkim and Vietnan]. Specimen of type collected from Sri Lanka.
微凹铁角蕨wei ao tie jiao jue
Plants 20-30 cm tall. Rhizomes along and creeping, darkkish- brown, apexes densely covered with scales; the scales lanceolate, membranous, deeply brown, iridescent- polished and entire. Fronds remte; stipes 7-12 cm long, purplyish- red, polished, bases densely covered with yellowish-brown tomenta, become sparse up to, upper sides sulcate; laminae lanceolate, 15-20 x 3.8 - 4.5 cm, apexes acuminate and pinnatifid, bases nearly narrowed, 1-pinnate; pinnae 18-26 pairs, alternate, flatly spreading, nearly sessile, mid pinnae same in size, 2.2 – 2.6 x 0.5 – 0.7 cm, semi-dimidiately lanceolately trapeziform, apexes obtuse, bases asymmetrical, acroscopic sides flatly truncate and closed to rachises, basiscopic sides flatly cutting off into narrowly cuneate, lower margins strongly reflexed upwards, apexes obviously projected downwards, under- and inner margins entire, above and outside margins lacierate and serrations 1-2 mm long, obtuse and retuse at tops, basel pinnae flatly spreading and same form with mid ones but bitly smaller. Veins pinnate, obvious, lower parts of mein veins combinated with lowe margins of pinnae, veinlets slender, biforked, basel acroscopic veinlets usually 2-biforked and prologated to retuse places of tops of serrations and unreached to margins. Fronds thin-herbaceous, after dry grassish-green and glabrous; rachises deeply purplyish-red, polished and glabrous, upper sides shallow and broad longitudinal-valleculate and grass-green on both lateral edges. Sori linear, 3 - 4 mm long, brown, born on lower parts of veinlets and closed to main veins, 3 - 8 on per pinna, concentreted in upper parts of both lateral sides on main veins; indusa lineare yellowish – brown and darkly brown when old, membranous, entire, opening to main veins and persistent.
On rocks under mixed forest; ca. 2000 m.; Endemic S.E Yunnan.
This species is similar to.A. unilaterale Lam., differences are the pinnae strongly trapeziform, apexes obtuse, under margins prominently reflexed up to, above and outside margins lacerate and deeper, serrations longer and obtuse and rtuse at tops, veinlets prolongated to retuse places on tops of serrations, sori few and only born on semi-upper parts of pinnae.
Plants ca 20 cm tall. Rhizomes long and creeping, darkkish- brown, densely covered with scales; the scales lanceolate, darkkish- brown, membranous and entire. Fronds remote; stipea 5-9 cm long, purlyish- red, polished, hairless, upper sides longitudinal-valleculate; laminae lanceolate,12-16 x 3.4 - 4 cm, apexes caudately acuminate and pinnatifid, bases almosly narrrowed, 1- pinnate; pinnae ca 22 pairs, Basel 1-2 pairs of pinnae opposite and bihtly smaller, up to ones alternate, flatly spreading, subsessile, mid pinnae same in size, 1.6-2 x 0.6-0.7 cm, semi-lacerately trapeziform, apexes rounded, bases asymmetrical, acrodcopic sides truncate and closed to rachises, basiscopic sides bowly cut off and cuneate, under margis strongly bened up and apexes prominently projected downward, inner and lower margins entire, other margins densely denticulate. Veins pinnate, obvious, main veins cobinated with pinnae on lower parts, veinlets slender, biforked, basel acroscopic veinlets usually 2-biforked and prolongated sinuses between of serrations and unreached to margins. Fronds thin- herbaceous, after dry deeply green, glabrous; rachises purplyish-red, polished and glabrous, upper sides broadly longitudinal-valleculate and greyish-green on both lateral sides. Sori linear, 4-5 mm long, brown, born on between main veins and margins, 3-5 on per pinna and concentrated on upper parts of pinnae; indusia linear, brownish, membranous, entire, opening to main veins and persistent.
On shady and wet places by stream sides; ca. 2700 m.; edemic W. Yunnan.
This species is similar to A. unilaterale Lam., but differences are pinnae strongly trapeziform, obtuse at apexes, lower margins bened a bow-like to inside, above margins densely denticulate, veinlets prologated to sinuses between serrations.
阔齿铁角蕨kuo chi tie jiao jue
Plants ca 30 cm tall. Rhizomes long and creeping, darkkish- brown, apexes densely covered with scales; the scales lanceolate, darkkish- brown, membranous and entire. Fronds remote; stipes 9-10 cm long, near woody-black, glabrous, upper sides longitudinal-valleculate; laminae lanceolate, 16-19 x 3.5-5 cm, apexes acuminate and pinnatifid, bases unnarrowed, 1- pinnate; pinnae 25-30 pairs, basel pinnae opposite and alternate up ones, flatly spreading, subsessile, mid pinnae same in size, 2-2.6 x ca. 0.55 cm, semi-dimidiately strongly trapeziform, obtuse at apexes, bases asymmetrical, acroscopic sides flatly truncate and closed to rachises, basiscopic sides bow cut off and narrowly cuneate, lower marings strongly bened up on lower parts and raised at upper parts like ‘S’ shape, inner and lower margins entire on lower parts, other margins all shortly and broadly serrate, serrations flatly truncate and retuse at center on tops. Veins pinnae and prominent, mein veins combinated with pinnae on lower parts, veinlets biforked, basel basiscopic veinlets usually 2-biforked and prolongated to central retuse places and unreached to margins. Fronds thin-herbaceous, after dry darkish-green and glabrous; rachises purplyish-red, polished and glabrous, upper sides longitudinal-valleculate and greyish-green on both lateral sides. Sori linear, 2-3 mm long, brown, born on lower parts of veinlets and closed to rachise, 3-5 on per pinna, concentrated on upper parts of pinnae; indusia linear, brown, membranous, entire, opening to main vein and persistent.
On rocks; ca. 1900 m; edemic S. E. Yunnan (wenshan).
This species is similar to A. unilaterale Lam., but different in pinnae narrower and longer, strongly trapeziform, obtuse at apexes, lower margins notable inrecuved, above margin with thick serrations, serrations broad, truncat and depressed at tops, veinlets reached to sinuses.
阿里山铁角蕨 a li shan tie jiao jue
Asplenium resectum Sm. f. adiantifrons Hayata, Ic. Pl. Form. 4: 226 f. 155. 1914.
This species is edemic in a li mountain on Taiwan, outline is similar to A. latidens Ching, but smaller, frond narrower, reached to 3 cm wide, pinnae shorter and reached to 1.5 cm long, above margin crenate, sorialess, 1-3 on each pinna, shorter. Coused to inexaminated specimen, recorded here supplying for reference.
半边铁角蕨 ban bian tie jiao jue
Hymenasplenium unilaterale Hayata; Asplenium resectum Sm.; A. trapeziforme Wall.; A. amoenum Presl; A.marginato-dentatum Zenker ex Kze.; A. pubirhizoma Ching & Z. Y, Liu.
Plants 25-40 cm tall. Rhizomes long and creeping, darkkish- brown, apexes densely covered with scales; the scales lanceolate,membranous, darkkish- brown, entire. Fronds sparse or remote; stipes 11-20 cm long, castaneousish-brown, polished, bases sparsely covered with scales, up smooth, upper sides longitudinal-valleculate; laminae lanceolate, 15-23 X 3-6 cm, apexes acuminate, bases almostly unnarrowed, 1- pinnate; pinnae 20-25 pairs, alternate, subsessile, mid pinnae same in size, 2-3.5 x 0.6-1 cm, semidiadite-lanceolately trapeziform, apexes acuminate, bases asymmetrical, obliquely cuneate, acroscpic sides flatly truncate and parallel with rachises, bitly auriculate, basiscopic sides obliquely cut off and narrowly cuneate, lower parts of inside and lower margines entire, other margines with sharp serrations, lower pinnae same form with mid ones but smaller. Veins pinnate, obvious, lower part of main vein combined with lower margin of pinnae, veinlets slender, biforked, acroscopic veinlets of bases 2-biforked and prolongated to tops of serration but unreached to margins. Fronds herbaceous or thin-herbaceous, after dry greyish-green, glabrous; rachises castneousish-brown, polished, upper side longitudinal-valleculate and greyish-green on both lateral edges. Sori linear, 2.5-4 mm long, brown, 10-16 (-18 ) on per pinna; indusia linear, brownish, membranous and entire, opening to main veins. Chromosome n = 72.
On soil of under forest or rocks by stream sides; 120-2700 m.; Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, W. Hubei, Hunan, Sichuan, N. Taiwan and Yunnan [ India, Indonesia, Japan, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Vietnan; E. Africa].
1a. Fronds herbaceous or thin-herbaceous, after dry greyish-green--------------. -------------------------------------------------------------------1a var. unilaterala
1b. Fronds hyaline membranous, after dry darkly green-------------1b.. var. udum
半边铁角蕨 (原变种) ban bian tie jiao jue ( yuan bian zhon)
Fronds herbaceous or thin-herbaceous, after dry greyish-green.
On soil under forest or rocks y stream sides; 120-2700 m.; Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, W. Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Sichuan, N. Tainan, Yunnan [ India, Indonesia, Japan, Malaysia, Myanmer, Philippinse, Sri Lanka, Vietnan; E. African ].
荫湿铁角蕨 yin shi tie jiao jue
Asplenium unilaterale var.obliquissimun Hayata; A. unilaterale var. decurrens (Bedd.) H.S.Kung; A.cataractarum Rosenst.; A. obliqissimum (Hayata) Sugim. & Kurata.
This variety is different with original one in plant slender, pinnae smaller, hyaline membranous, after dry darkish- green.
On droping water cliffs by stream sides under densely forest; 860-2800 m.; N. Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Jiangxi, Sichuan and Yunnan [ N. India and S. Japan]. Specimen of type collected from N. India.
天全铁角蕨tian quan tie jiao jue
Plants 27-35 cm tall. Rhizomes long and creeping, darkish- brown, apexes densely covered with scales; the scales lanceolate,membranous, darkkish- brown, entire. Fronds remote; stipes 7-15 cm long, reddish-brown, polished, bases densely covered with yellowish-brown tomentum, up glabrous, upper side longitudinal vallecular; laminae lanceolate 15-20 x 2.5-5 cm, apexes acuminate and pinnatifid, bases bitly narrowed, 1-pinnate; pinnae 17-20 pairs, basel ones smaller and bitly downward reflexed, mid pinnae same in size, alternate, subsessile, semi-dimidiately trapeziform 1,3-2 x 0.7- 1 cm, apexes obtuse, bases asymmetrical, acroscopic sides truncate and closed to rachises, basiscopic sides flatly cut off and narrowly cuneate, lower margin straightly linear or bitly up bened and inside one all entire, other margins with double serrations and sinuate at tops. Veins pinnate, obvious, lower parts of main veins combined with lower margins of pinnae, veinlets slender, biforked, basel acroscopic veinlets 2-biforked, prolongated to sinses of tops of serrations. Fronds herbaceous; rachises reddish-brown, polished, glabrous, upper sides longitudinal vallecular and greyish-green on both lateral sides. Sori linear, ca 3 mm long, brown, entire, born on middle of veinlets and bitly closed to main veins, 4-6 on per pinna. opening to main vein and persistent.
Endemic M. Sichuan.
This species is similar to A. unilaterale Lam., but stipe and rachis reddish-brown, apexes of pinnae obtuse, margins double serrate, sinuate at tops of serrations, veinlets reached to sinses.
镇康铁角蕨 zhen kang tie jiao jue
Plants 20-25 cm tall. Rhizomes long and creeping, darkkish- brown, apexes densely covered with scales; the scales membranous, lanceolate, darkkish- brown, entire. Fronds remote; stipes 7-10 cm long, reddish- brown, polished, spasely covered with reddish-brown tomenta on lower parts and then gradually fallen, upper sides longiudinal vallecular; laminae lanceolate, 12-17 x 3-4 cm, apexes acuminate and pinnatifid, bases almosly unnarrowed,1-pinnate; pinnae 16-20 pairs, lower ones opposite,flatly spreading or reflexed downwards, smaller, up ones alternate, subsessle, mid pinnae same in size,1.2 – 2 x 0.6-0.8 cm, semi-dimidiately trapeziform, apexes obtuse, bases asymmetricol, acroscopic truncate and closed to rachises, basiscopic flatly cut off and narrowly cuneate, lower margins sraight- linear and inner margins entire, above and outside margins shallowly crenate, bitly depressed on apexes. Veins pinnate, obvious, lower parts of main vein combined with lower margins of pinnae, veinlets slender, biforked, basel acroscopic veinlets usually 2-biforked and reached to depressed on tops of crenations. Fronds herbaceous, after dry darkkish- green, glabrous; rachises reddish-brown, smooth, longitudinal vallecular on upper sides and greyish-green on both lateral edges of vallecula. Sori linear, 2-4 mm long, brown, 3-7 on per pinna; indusia linear,membranous, brown, entire, opening to main veins and persistent.
On oak tree in valley; ca. 2650 m.; endemic Yunnan.
This species is similar to A. unlaterale Lam. But stipe and rachis are reddish-brown, lower parts of stipes sparsely covered with yellowish-brown tomenta, pinna obtuse at apexes, veinlets reached to depressed of crenation; also similar to A. changputungense Ching, but outline smaller, stipe much shorter (reached to 10 cm), including rachis reddish-brown, polished, pinnae shorter and wider (reached to 8 mm).
贡山铁角蕨 gong shan tie jiao jue
Plants 28-40 cm tall. Rhizomes long and creeping, darkkish- brown, apexes densely covered with scales; the scales lanceolate, membranous, darkkish- brown, entire. Frond remote; stipes 15-19 cm long, castaneousish-brown, polished, sparsely covered with yellowish-brown tomenta ( partly fallen when old), upper sides longitudinal valleculate; laminae lanceolate, 12- 13 x 2.5-4 cm, apexes caudatly acuminate and pinnatifid, 1pinnate; pinnae 20-24 pairs, lower ones opposite or subopposite, smaller, up ones alternate, flatly spreading, subsessile, mid pinnae same in size 1.3-2.3 x 0.4-0.6 cm, semi-dimidiate-lnceolately trapeziform, apexes obtuse, bases asymmetrical, acroscopic truncate and covered rachises, basiscopic narrowly cuneate, lower margins bitly up bened and inner margins entire, other margines shallowly crenate and depressed on apexes. Veins pinnate, obvious, lower parts of main veins combined with lower margins of pinnae, veinlets slender, biforked, basel acrscopic veinlets 2-biforked and reached to depressed of crenation and unreached margin. Fronds thin-herbaceous, after dry grassish-green, glabrous; rachises purplyish -red, sparsely covered yellowish-brown tomentae, upper sides longitudinal valleculate and grass-green on both lateral dges of valleculata. Sori linear, 2.5-4 mm long, brown, 5-8 on per pinna; indusia linear, brownish, membranous,entire, opening to main vein and persistent.
On mauntain slopes; ca. 2000 m. endemic N.W. Yunnan.
This species is similar to A. unilaterale Lam., but stipe and rachis sparsely covered with yellowish-brown tomentae, pinnal apex obtuse, serrational tops of margin bitly depressed and veinlets reached to depressed.
绒毛铁角蕨 ron mao tie jiao jue
Plants 18-30 cm tall. Rhizomes long and creeping, darkkish- brown, apexex densely covored with scales; the scales lanceolate, blackish- brown, brown on bases and iridescent, entire. Fronds remote; stipes 5-12 cm long, purplyish-red, polished, densely covered with yellowish-brown tomentae, more or less fallen when old, upper sides longitudinal-valleculate; laminae lanceolate, 12-18 x 2.7-4.3 cm, apexes acuminat and pinnatifid, bases unnarrowed 1-pinnate; pinnae 19-21 pairs, alternate, or 1-3 pairs of lower pinnae opposite, sessible, mid piinnae same in size 1.5-2.5 x 0.6-0.9 cm, semi-dimilate-lanceolately trapeziform, sharp at apexes, bases asymmetrcal, acroscopic truncate, basiscopic narrowish-cuneate, inner margins and lower parts of lower margins all entire, other margines with thick obtuse serrations and bitly depressed on apexes, lower pinnae sparse and downward reflexed and same size or smaller. Veins pinnate, obvios, lower parts of main veins combined with lower margins of pinnae, veinlets slender, 2-forked, acroscopic veinlets of bases 2-biforked and reached to depressions of serrations. Fronds thin-herbaceous, after dry grass-green, glabrous; rachises purplyish-red, polished, densely covered with yellowish-brown tomentae, upper side longitudinal valleculate and grass-green on both lateral edges of valleculatae. Sori linear, 2- 4.5 mm long, brown, 4-8 on per pinna; indusia linear, brownish, entire opening to main veins.
On rocks by stream sides; endemic W. Yunnan.
切边铁角蕨qie bian tie jiao jue
Asplenium rahaoense Yabe ex Matsumura & Hayata; A. unilaterale var. rahaoense Hayata; Hymenaspleium rahaoense H. Ito ex Tuyama.
Plants 40-60 cm tall. Rhizomes creeping, apexes densely covered with scales; the scales lanceolate, blackish - brown, entire. Fronds remote; stipes 15-32 cm long, castaneousish-brown, polished, bases sparsely covered with same scales, up smooth, upper sides longitudinal valleculate; laminae lanceolatly elliptic, bases bitly broadened, 1-pinnate; pinnae 18-20 (-25) pairs, lower ones subopposite, up ones alternate, flaty spreading, basel 1-2 pairs of pinnae sometime reflaxed downwards, slalkes 0.5 – 2 mm long, lower 2-3 (-4) pairs of pinnae bitly longer, 6-10 x 1-2 cm, falcato-rhomboid, apexes acuminat, bases asymmetrical, obliquely cuneate, entire, acroscopic truncate and parallel with rachises, basiscopic strongly cut off to main veins , above middles of above and lower margines with thick serrations, up pinnae gradually shortened and same shpes with lower ones. Veins pinnate, lower sides of main veins same colour with rachises and 14-1/3 lower part combine with lower margins of pinnae and up bened, veinlets slender, obvious, biforked and reached to tops of serration. Fronds thin-herbaceous, after dry darkly green, subhyaline, glabrous; rachises castaneousish-brown or blackish-woody colour, polished, upper sides longitudinal valleculete and greyish-green on both lateral edges of vallecula. Sori broadly linear, 4-6 mm long, brown, born on middle of veinlets and located between main veins and margins but far from them; indusia broadly linear, yellowish-brown, membranous, entire and openning to main veins.
On shady and wet places under densely forest or in confounded rocks by stream sides or on tree trunks; 300-1700 m.; Guangdong, Guangxi, S. W. Guizhou, Hainan, Taiwan, Xizang and S. Yunnan [ N. India, Maleysia, Myanmer, Philippenes and Vietnan].Specimen of type collected from Philippenes ( Luzon)
The plant is beautiful in outline to be able provide ornamental.
绿杆铁角蕨 lu gan tie jiao jue
Asplenium serraeformeMett.
Plants 20-40cm tall. Rhizomes long and creping, apexes densely covered with scales; the scales lanceoate, membranous, darkkish-brown and entire. Fronds remote; stipes 6-16 cm long, greenish, bases sparsely covered with same scales, up smooth, upper sides longitunal valleculete; laminae broadly lanceolate, 19-25 x 5-9 cm, apexes rapidly narrowed and caudate,1-pinnate; pinnae 15-28 pairs, basel (or lower )ones opposite, up ones alternate, subsessile or very short stolked on lower several pairs, lower pinnae inshortened, 3-6 x 0.8-1.1 cm, rhomboidly lanceolate, falcate, apexes acuminate, bases asymmetrical, obliquely cuneate, acroscopic truncate and parallel with rachises, basiscopic strongly obliqully cut to main vein, lower parts of lower margins combined with main veins, upper parts of lower and above margins thick serratea and sharp or rounded at tops. Veins pinnate, obvious, 1/3-1/2 parts of bases of main veins combined with lower margins of pinna, veinlets slender, biforked, reached to tops of serration. Fronds herbaceous, bitly hyaline, after dry greyish-geen, glabrous; rachises greyish-green, smooth. Sori linearly elliptic, 3-5 mm long, brown, born on middle of veinlts and located between main veins and margins; indusia greenish, then becomeing darkkish-brown, membranous, entire and opening to main vein.
On wet places under densely forest or confounded rocks by diches; 150-1600 m.; Fujian, Guangdong, S. Guangxi, S. W. Guizhou, Hainan, Thaiwan and S. Yunnan [ Indonesia]. Specimen of type collected from Java.
蒙自铁角蕨 men zi tie jue
Plants ca 65 cm tall. Rhizomes short and erect, covered with scales. Fronds clustered; stipes 20-30 cm long, deeply stramineous, upper side longitudinal valleculate, densely covered with rustish-brown scales; laminae 35-50 x ca 15 cm, short caudate at apexes, 1-pinnate; pinnae 20-25 pairs, subopposite, shortly stolked, basel pinnae unshortened, 10-14 x ca 1.5 cm, rhomboidly lanceolate, falcate, longly acuminate at apexes, bases very asymmetrical, acroscopic roundly truncate, bitly auriculate, basiscopic longly cuneate, margins with irregular sparse crenations, 2 or 3 small crenations on per crenation. Veins pinnate, obvious, main veins slightly zigzag, veinlets slender, 2-biforked or 3-forkeds. Fronds papyraceous, after dry darkkish-green, under sides sparsely covered with deeply brown linear small scales; rachises sparsely covered with scales, upper sides longitudinal valleculate and with narrow wing on both sides of apexes. Sori narrowly linear, 8-15 mm long,born on acrscopic one veinlet, 6-8 pairs on per pinna; indusia narrowly linear, greyish-brown, membranous, entire, opening to main veins and persistent.
On soil under forest; ca. 1600 m.; endemic S. E. Yunnan.
大瑶山铁角蕨 da yao shan tie jiao jue
Plants 60-70 cm tall. Rhizomes short and erect, apexes sparsely covered with scales; the scales ovato-lanceolate, darkish- brown, thick-membranous. Fronds clustered; stipes 14-24 cm long, greenish-straminous or greyish-brown, upper sides longitudinal valleculate, bases densely covered with scales, up sparsely covered with stallete small scales; laminae elliptically lanceolate, 35-45 x 9-12 cm, apexes short caudate, 1-pinnate; pnnae 12-14 pairs, basel ones subopposite, up ones alternate,, stolked (2-3 mm long), lower pinnae unshortened, rhomboidly lanceolate, bitly falcate, 8-10 x 2-3 cm, apexes acuminate, bases cuneate, extremly asymmetrical, acroscopic truncate and notably auriculate, margins inregularly thick and blunt serrate. Veins pinnate, visible on both sides, veinlets slender, 2-biforked or basel basiscopic 1-2 veinlets subpinnate. Fronds chartaceous, after dry brownish- green or greyish- green, under surfaces sparsely covered with brown stallate small scales; rachises greenish- stramineous, sparsely covered with deeply brown amoeba-like small scales, upper sides longitudinal valleculate, apexes with narrow wrings on both lateral sides; Sori linear,1-1.5(-2) cm long, born on acroscopic veinlets and also born on between veinlets on bases or acroscopic two veinlets; indusia narrow linear, brownish- brown, membranous, entire, opening to main veins. But if basel acroscopic two veinlets fortile and lower indusia opening to margins.
On rocks under forest; ca 600 m.; endemic E. Guangxi.
This spcies is simlar to A. trapezoideum Ching, but pinnae shorter and broader, falcate, indusia on lower parts of pinnae usually opening to up and downwadr, i,e. opening to rachis and free from rachis also.
网脉铁角蕨wang mai tie jue
Hemidictum finlaysonianum Moore; Asplenidictyum finlaysonianum J. Sm.; Asplenium hookerianum Wall.; Hemidictyum hookerianum Moor.
Plants 30-50 cm tall. Rhizomes short and erecte, apexes densely covered with scales; the scales lanceolate, darkkish-brown, thick-membranous and entire. Fronds clustrate; stipes 15-26 cm long, greyish-green or stramineousish, bitly flane, bases densely covered with scales, up sparsely covered with needle small scales, upper sides depressed and broad longitudinal valleculate; laminae elliptic, 20-32 x 10-22 cm, 1-imparipinnate; pinnae 2-6 (-9) pieces, lower ones opposite, up ones alternate, short stalked, lower pinnae unshortened, same shape with above ones, 7-12 x 2-3.6 cm, ovato-lanceolate, apexes longly acuinate, bases cuneate, downwards gradually attenuated into stolk, entire, bitly shallowly undulate; terminal pinnae free from belower ones, biger, 8-15 x 5-11 cm, usually 3-forkeds or biforked or bitly rhombic. Veins pinnate, main veins obvious, veinlets faintly visible, biforkedly braching and unreached to margins, sometime more or less combined. Fronds papyraceous or subcoriaceous, after dry brownish-green, under surfaces sparsely coverd with stellate small scales near places along main veins when young and fallen becoming glabrous when old; rachises stramineous or greyish-green, sparsely covered with lanceolate small scales, upper sides depressed and broad longitunal valleculate. Sori longly linear, 0.5-4.5 mm long, brown usually born on acroscopic sides of veinlets; indusia long linear, papyraceous, yellowish- brown and then becoming brown, entire, opening to main veins and sometime attached at basiscopic sides of veinlets and opening to margins. Chromosome 2n = 72.
On wet rocks or tree trunks under dense forest; 700-1100 m.; Guangxi, Hainan and S. Yunnan ( India, Indonesia, Maleysia, Sikkim and Vietnan). Specimen of type collected from Himalayan region
This species is different with others of genus in veins sometime combined from each anather near margines.
南海铁角蕨nan hai tie jiao jue
Asplenium formosae Christ; Diplazium makinoi Yabe ex Matsumura; Asplenium mainoi Hayata..
Plants 50-80 cm tall. Rhizomes short and erect, robust, woody, apexes densely covered with scales; the scales lanceolate, reddish-brown, margins denticulate. Fronds clustered; stipes 22-26 (-40) cm long, greyish-green, bitly depressed, densely covered with smalls cales and partly fallen when old, upper side longitudinal valleculate; laminae longly ovate, 18-35 (-48 ) x 10-26 cm, 1-impari-pinnate (occasionally lanceolate simple); pinnae 2-6 pairs, lower ones subopposite, up ones alternate, stalk 3-5 (-10) mm long, all pinnae same shape and in size or lower ones bit biger, lanceolate to linear-lanceolate, 12-16 ( or more) x 2-2.6 cm, apexes longly acuminate, bases cuneate and decurrent, margines from base sparsely sinuate. Veins pinnate, obvious, main veins stramineous, notable raised on both sides, veinlets slender, 2-3 forkeds, free. Fronds papyraceous, after dry greyish-green, under surfaces sparsely covered with darkkish-brown stellate small scales and partly fallen when old; rachises greyish-green, sparsely covered with small scales, upper sides with linear wings on both lateral sides. Sori linear, 5-9 mm long, brown, born acrscopic veinlets and usually located between main veins and margins or bitly closed to main veins; indusia broadly linear, grey, membranous, entire, opening to main vein and persistent.
On shad places under densely forest or by steam sides; 500-2300 m; Guangdong, Hainan and Taiwan (Japapn and Vietnan). Specimen of type collected from Taiwan.
有翅铁角蕨 you chi tie jiao jue
Plants ca. 40 cm tall. Rhizomes short and erect. Stipes ca. 17 cm long, greyish-stramineous, smooth, upper sides longitudinal vacullate; laminae elliptic, ca 22 x ca. 12 cm, 1-pinnate; pinnae ca. 12 pairs, lower ones subopposite, upper ones alternate, lower pinnae unshortened, ca. 7 x 1-1.2 cm, lanceolate, apexes acuminate, bases asymmetrical and decurrent along short stalks, acroscopic rounded, basiscopic cuneate and decurrent along rachises by broad wings, margins with thick serrations, up pinnae same shapes with lower ones but gradually shortened. Veins pinnate, obscure, veinlets slender, 2-biforked, with a hydathode at end. Fronds papyraceous, after dry darkkish-green; rachises greyish-stramineous, depessed, winged on both lateral sides. Sori broad linear, 5-8 mm long, born on acroscopic veinlets and from main veins running outside and nearly reachend to margins; indusia broad linear, papyraceous, castaneousish-brown, entire, opening to main veins and persistent.
On places under forest in mountain valley.; ca 650 m. Edemic Hainan.
This species is similar to A. wrightii Eton, but smaller, rachis usully with broad wings on both lateral sides, pinnal apex shortly acuminate, margines thick and blunt serrated.
狭翅铁角蕨xia chi tie jiao jue
Asplenium wrightii var.arestata-serrulatum Hayata.
Plants reached to 1 m. tall. Rhizomes short and erect, densely covered with scales; the scales lanceolate, thick-membranous, darkkish-brown and entire. Fronds clustered; stipes 20-32 cm long, greenish, sometime castaneous on bases, bitly polished, when young densely covered with scales and darkkish-brown fibrous small scales, when old only bases (or lower parts ) scaly, up gradually becoming glabrous , upper sides longitudinal valleculate; laminae elliptic, 30-80 x 6-25 (-30) cm, 1-pinnate; pinnae 16-24 pairs, basel ones opposite or subopposite, up ones alternate, stalks 4-8 mm long, lower pinnae unshortened or basel one pair bitly smaller, 19-15 (-23) x 1.5-1.8 (-3) cm, lanceolate or falcatly lanceolate, apexes long- caudately acuminate, bases asymmetrical and more or less dcurrent, acroscopic roundly truncate, more or less auriculate, basiscopic broadly cuneate, margins obviously thick serrate or double serrate, apicol serrations much thick and big, upwards pinnae same shape with lower ones and gradually shortened, bases above mid pinnae decurrent along stipes and basiscopic decurrent along rachises by narrow wings. Veins pinnate, visible, veinlets 2-biforke unreached to margins. Fronds papyraceous, after dry green or darkkish-green; rachises green, smooth, under sides rounded, upper sides longitudinal valleculate, both lateral sides above middle narrow-winged. Sori linear, ca 1 mm long, darkkish-brown, born on acroscopic one veinlet and from main veins running outside near reached to margins; indusia linear, greyish-brown to darkkish-brown, membranous, entire, opennig to main veins and persistent.
On rocks by stream sides under forest; 230-1100 m.; Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Taiwan and Zhejiang [ Japan and Vietnan]. Specimen of type collected from Japan.
台湾铁角蕨 tai wan tie jiao jue
Plants ca 70 cm tall. Rhizomes short and erect, apexes densely covered with scales; the scales lanceolate, darkkish-brown, polished and entire. Fronds clustered; stipes 11-28 cm long, greyish-brown, bases castaneousish and densely covered with lanceolate fimbriate scales and grandually fallen becoming smooth when old; laminae elliptically lanceolate, 20-40 x 10-15 cm, 1-pinnate; pinnae ca. 20 pairs, basel ones subopposite, up ones alternate, short stalked, lower or basel pinnae unshortened, 7-8 x 1.2-2 cm, lanceolate and more or less falcate, apexes acuminate, bases asymmetrical, acroscopic rounded or roundly truncate, bitly auriculate, basiscopic broadly cuneate, margins small serrate, above mid pinnae gradually shortened, bases decurrent along stalks or subsessile, basiscopic decurrent along rachises by narrow wings. Veins pinnate, obvious, veinlets slender, 2-3 forkeds or lower several pairs 2-biforkeds. Fronds papyraceous, after dry brownish-green; rachises greyish-stramineous, upper sides longitudinal valleculate, above middle depressed, both lateral sides narrow- winged. Sori linear, 5-11 mm long, born on acroscopic veinlets and from main veins reached to margins; indusia broadly linear, brown to blackkish-brown, papyraceous, entire, opening to main veina and persistent.
Endeic Taiwan.
This spieces is similar to A. wrightii Eaton, but smaller, pinnae much shorter, apex acuminate, margin simply serrate, sori reached to margin.
两广铁角蕨liang guang tie jiao jue
Plants 60-70 cm tall. Rhizomes short and erect, apexes densely covered with scales; the scales lanceolate, darkkish-brown, polished and margin serrate. Fronds clustered; stipes ca. 15 cm long, greyish-green, upper sides longitudinal valleculate, bases densely covered with lanceolate darkkish-brown, usually culed scales, up smooth; laminae elliptic ca. 55 x ca. 24 cm, apexes acute and becoming caudate, 1-pinnate; pinnae ca. 20 pairs, lower ones opposite, up pinnae alternate, flatly or bitly obliquely spreading, stalks 2-3 mm long, basel 1-2 pairs of pinnae bitly shortened, mid pinnae 12-14 x 1-1.3 cm, narrowly lanceolate, apexes acuminate, bases subsymmetrical, narrowly cuneate, lower parts of margins subentire or bitly sparse short serrate, up sparse and short denticulate, apical serrations thicker and biger. Veins pinnate, obvious, veinlets slender, lower ones 2-biforked, obviously with a hydathode at end. Fronds thin-papyraceous, after dry geayish-green; rachises greyish-green, bitly polished, sparsely covered with brown fimbriate scales on attached places of stalks, upper sides longitudinal valleculate, up apexes narrow winged on both lateral sides. Sori elliptic or short-linear, ca. 6 mm long, located between main veins and margins; indusia linear, brownish to darkkish-brown, thick-membranous, entire, opening to main veins and persistent..
On places under forest; Guangdong, Guangxi, Hunan and Jiangxi.
This species was reported producing in Hainan, the fact is Guangdong ( xin yi), and do not produced in Hainan.
This species is similar to A. wrightii Eaton, but diferrent in pinnae remote from each other, narrower, narrowly lanceolate, base narrowly cuneate and subsymmetrical, marginal lower part subentire or sparsely short serrate, upper part small serrate, sori shorter, far from main vein and margin, rachis only with narrow wings on both lateral sides of apicol part.
疏齿铁角蕨 shu chi yie jiao jue
Asplenium centrochinense Christ; A. wrightii Tard-Blot & C. Chr.; Diplazium centrochinense Tard.-Blot.
Plants 30-40 cm tall. Rhizomes short and erect, apexes covered with scales; the scales lanceolate, darkkish-brown and subentire. Fronds clustered; stipes 10-20 cm long, greyish-brown or greyish-stramineous, upper sides longitudinal valeculate, when young all densely covered with subulatly lanceolate, membranous, reddish-brown, dentate scales, when old fallen becoming smooth; laminae elliptically lanceolate, 20-30 x 6-10 cm, 1-pinnate; pinnae 12-18 pairs, basel ones subopposite, up ones alternte, stalks 2-3 mm long, below mid pinnae same in size or basel one pair bitly shorter, 4-6 x 0.8-1.3 cm, lanceolate, more or less falcete, apexes acuminate, bases subsymmetical, broadly cuneate and bitly decurrent, margins from base up obviously serrate and up apical ones thicker and biger. Veins pinnate, visible on both sides, veinlets slender, basel ones 2-biforked, up ones 2-3 forkeds and unreached to margins, with a hydathode at end. Fronds thin-papyraceous, after dry darkkish-green; rachises greyish-stramineous, densely covered with reddish-brown fimbriate scales, when old fallen and becoming smooth, upper sides longitudinal valleculate, apicol both lateral sides narrowly winged. Sori linear, ca 3 mm long, brown, born acroscopic veinlets and bitly free from main veins and unreached to margins; indusia linear, greyish-green to greyish-brown, papyraceous, entire, opening to main veins.
On places under ferest or on rocks of limestones by stream sides; 750-1800 m.; Guangxi, Guizhou, Hunan, Sichuan and Yunnan [ N. Vietnan]. Specimen of type collected from Guizhou (pingfa).
This species is diferrent with A. wrightii Eaton in plant fine and small, pinnae shorter and smaller, apex uncadate, veinlets 2-3 forkeds, rachis only with narrow wing on apicol both lateral sides.
华东铁角蕨hua dong tie jiao jue
Plants ca. 50 cm tall. Rhizomes short and erect, apexs densely covered with scales; the scales lanceolte, castaneousish-brown, entire. Fronds clustered; stipes 11-15 cm long, upper sides greenish and broadly longitudinal- valleculate, lower sides greyish-brown, bitly polished, bases densely covered with scales, up bitly covered with brown fibrous scales; laminae elliptically lanceolate, 20-25 x 8-10 cm, 1-pinnate; pinnae ca 16 pairs, lower ones opposite or subopposite, up alternate, stolked, basel pinnae bitly shortened, mid pinnae same in size, 6-7 x 1.2- 1.4 cm, lanceolate, apexes acuminate, bases subsymmetrical, roundly cuneate, margins from bases up unobvious dentate. Veins pinnate, obscuer, veinslets slender, 2-biforkeds, with a hydathode at end. Fronds papyraceous, after dry brownish-green; upper sides of rachises same colour with stipes and broadly longitudinal- valleculate, under sides greyish-brown and apicol both sides narrow-winged. Sori broadly linear, 4-8 mm long, brown, born on acroscopic veinlets and located between margins and main veins or bitly closed to main vein and nearly reached to margins; indusia broadly linear, greyish-brown to brown, papyraceous, entire, opening to main veins.
In herbosa by road sides under forest; ca. 300 m.; S. Anhui, S. Hunan Jiangxi and E. Zhejiang.Specimen of type collected from Anhui (lantian).
This species is similar to A. wrifhtioides Christ, but stipe and rachis greyish-brown on under sides, bitly polished, pinnae narrower and margin and apex unobviosly dentate.
圆齿铁角蕨 yuan chi tie jue
Plants ca. 50 cm tall. Rhizomes short and erect, densely covered with scales; the scales lanceolate, reddish-brown nad entire. Fronds clustered; stipes 19-22 cm long, stramineous, densely covered with scale and reddish-brown fibrous scales and partly fallen when old; laminae elliptically lanceolate, ca 34 x ca 11 cm, 1-pinnate; pinnae ca 18 pairs, basel ones opposite, up ones alternate, obviously stalked, basel pinnae bitly shortened, mid pinnae same in size, 5-7 x 1.2 - 1.6 cm, lanceolate, more or less falcate, apexes acuminate, bases subsymmetrical, acroscopic subrounded, basiscopic cuneate, margins deeply undulate, apexes blunt serrate. Veins pinnate, visibly on both sides, veinlets slender, lower ones pinnate, up ones 2-3 forkeds. Fronds thin-papyraceous, after dry darkkish-green, under surfaces greyish-green, both surfaces glabrous or under surfaces sparsely covered with brown fibrous scales; rachises greyish-stramineous, densely covered with reddish-brown or deeply brown, fibrous small scales, upper sides longitudinal valleculate, up apicol both sides narrowly winged. Sori broadly linear, 4-5 mm long, brown, born on acroscopic veinlets and locaded between margins and main veins and far from main veins and unreached to margins; indusia broadly linear, greyish-brown to darkkish-brown, papyraceous, enire, openning to main vein and persistent.
On tree trunks in mixed forest; 1100-1800 m.; endemic S. Yunnan.
This species is similar to A. wrightoides Christ, but stipe and rachis densely covered with reddish-brown fibrous scales, pinnal margin undulate, up apexes only less blunt serrate, lateral veinlets on lower part of pinna pinnate.
福建铁角蕨 fu jian tie jiao jue
Plants ca 70 cm tall. Rhizomes short and erect, densely covered with scales; the scales lanceolate, darkkish-brown, iridescent- polished and entire. Fronds clustered; stipes ca 28 cm long, greyish-brown, lower part densely coveed with scales, up sparsely covered with brown fibrous scales, upper sides longitudinal valleculate; laminae elliptically lanceolate, 38-45 x ca 18 cm, bases bitly narrowed, apexes acuminate; pinnae 15-8 pairs, pinnae of lower parts or bases subopposite, up ones alternate, longly stalked, basel pinnae bitly shortened, mid pinnae same in size, 9-10 x 1.2- 1.4 cm, lanceolate, apexes longly acuminate, bases bitly asymmetrical and broadly cuneate, margins from bases up densely covered with denticulate, apical ones thicker and biger. Veins pinnate, obvious, veinlets slender, 2-biforked and with a hydathode at end. Fronds papyraceous, after dry grassish-green; rachises with same colour with stipe on upper sides and longitudinal valleculate, lower part brownish-green, bitly covered with brown fibrous scales, up apical both lateral sides narrowly winged. Sori linear, 5-7 mm long, brown, born on acroscopic veinlets and located between margins and main veins but unreached to margins or main veuns; indusia linear, yellowish-brown, thick-membranous, entire, openning to main vein and persistent.
On rocks by stream side under forest; 400- 1150 m.; Fujian, Hunan and Jiangxi. Specimen of type collected from Fujian ( Wuyu mountain).
This species is similar to A. wrightii Eton, but plant shorter and smaller, rachis only winged on apical both lateral sides, pinnae longly stalked, margin only denticulate, apex lonngly acuminate and with smaller serrations.
多羽铁角蕨 duo yu tie jiao jue
Plants ca 65 cm tall. Rhizomes short and erect, apexes densely covered with scales; the scales linear-lanceolate, darkkish-brown, polished, membranous, margins fimbriated. Fronds clusterd; stipes ca 22 cm long, greenish-stramineous, upper side longitudinal valleculate, lower parts bitly covered with brown lanceolate scales, up smooth; laminae elliptically-lanceolate, 40-45 x 12-15 cm, 1-pinnate; pinnae 20-22 pairs, opposite or only lower ones opposite, up ones alternate, shortly stalked, basel one pair bitly shortened, mid ones same in size, ca. 10 x 1-1.3 cm, lanceolate, apexes acuminate, bases subsymmerical, broadly cuneate and decurrent, margins from base up denticulate, apical serrations thicker and biger. Veins pinnate, visible, veinlets slender, biforked and with a hydathode at end. Fronds papyraceous, after dry brownish-green; rachises stramineousish, up apical both lateral sides narrow- winged . Sori linear, 4-6 mm long,born on acroscopic veinlets and located between margins and main veins and far from main veins and margins; indusia linear, greyish-brown, thick-membranous, entire, openning to main veins and persistent.
On places by stream sides; endemic Guangdong ( xin yi)
This species is similar to A. wrightioides, but pinnae more than 20 pairs, longer and densee, margin sparsely sinuately denticulate.
乌柄铁角蕨 wu bing tie jiao jue
Plants 60-70 cm tall. Rhizomes unfound, Stipes ca 20 cm long, darkkish-brown, smooth, lower part rounded, upper side longitudinal valleculate; laminae elliptic, ca. 49 x ca. 20 cm, apexes acuminate, 1-pinnate; pinnae ca 16 pairs, below mid ones opposite, shortly stalked, same in size, 9-11 x 1.2-1.4 cm, lanceolate, more or less falcate, apexes longly auminate, bases asymmetrical, acroscopic broadly cuneate, basiscopic narrowly cuneate, margins from bases sparsely serrate and apicol ones thicker. Veins pinnate, obvious, veinlets slender, 2-biforkeds on lower part, upper ones 2-3 forkeds and with a obviou hydathoded at end. Fronds papyraceous, after dry olive on upper surfaces and brownish-green on under surfaces; rachises darkkish-brown, smooth, lower sides rounded and upper sides longitudinal valleculate, up apexes depressed and narrowly winged on both lateral sides. Sori linear, 7-10 mm long, brown, born on acroscopic veinlets and left from main veins running outside and almostly reached to margins; indusia linear, brown to blake, thick-membranous, entire, opening to main veins and persistent..
On mauntain waist under densely forest; endemic Hainan (baisha).
This speicies is similar to A. pseudowrihtii Ching, but stipe and rachis darkkish-brown, laminal apex acuminate, pinnae bitly falcate, base asymmetrical, margin sparsely serrate, sori longer and almostly reached to margin.
重齿铁角蕨 chon chi tei jue
Plants more than 90 cm tall. Rhizome unlooked. Stipes ca. 25 cm long, stramineousish, glabrous, under sides rounded, upper side longitudinal valleculate; laminae ca 65 x ca 17 cm, bases unnarrowed, 1-pinnate, pinnae ca 15 pairs, lower ones opposite, up ones gradually becoming alternate, mid pinnae bitly longer, 11-13 x 1.7-2 cm, linear, apexes acuminate, bases subsymmetrically roundly cuneate, margins double serrate, pinnale stalk 3-4 mm long, lower pinnae same shape with mid ones but bitly shorter,. Veins pinnate, visible on both sides, veinlets 2-biforkeds and with a hydathode at end. Fronds hebaceous, after dry grassish-green; rachises stramineousish, glabrous, up apical both lateral sides narrow- winged. Sori linear, 4-7 mm long, brown, born on acroscopic veinlets and left from main veins running outside and unreached to margins; indusia linear, brownish, membranous, entire, opening to main veins and persistent.
On soil under forest; 700-1000 m.; endemic E. Guangxi (yuaoshan).
This species is similar to A. wrightii Eaton, but frond herbaceous, stipe and rachis straminousish, rachis only up apical part narrowly winged, pinnal apex acuminate, base subsymmentrically cuneate and long stalked.
兰屿铁角蕨 lan yu tie jiao jue
Diplazium mtsumurae Kodama; Asplenium wightianum var. microphyllum Matsumura & Hayata;
Plants 40-80 cm tall. Rhizomes erect. Fronds clustered; stipes ca 15 cm long, greenish-stramineous, lower parts densely covered with scales; laminae elliptically lanceolate, ca 35 x ca 12 cm, apexes shortly caudate, 1-pinnate; pinnae 15-25 pairs, alternate, obliquely spreading, short stalked, lower pinnae unshortened, 7-9 x 1-1.3 cm, lanceolate, apexes acuminate, bases extremely asymmetrical, acroscopic roundly cuneate, basiscopic strong obliquely cutting, margins with regylar and fine and dense serrations. Veins pinnate, visible on both sides, veinlets slender, simple, basel acroscopic one biforked and with a obvious hydathode at end. Fronds thick-herbaceous, after dry greyish-green, bases on under surfaces bitly covered with amoeboid small scales; rachises greenish-stramineous and apical both lateral sides narrow-winged. Sori broadly linear, 3-4 mm long, born on acroscopic veinlets and sometime double born on one veinlet, located between margins and mein veins; indusia linear, grey to darkkish-brown, entire, opening to main veins and persistent.
On rocks under forest; endemic Waiwan (lanyu, taidong).
镰叶铁角蕨lian ye tie jiao jue
Tarachia falcatum Presl; Asplenium contiguum Bedd.; A. lofouense Christ; A. polyodon Forst.;
Plants 20-60 cm tall. Rhizomes short and erect, densely covered with scales; the scales lanceolate, apexes subulate, blackish-brown, iridenscent polished, entire. Fronds clustered; stipes 12-28 cm long, greyish-brown, upper sides longitudinal valleculate, bases densely covered with smaller scales, up subsmooth; laminae elliptically rounded, 10-30 x 8-16 cm, impair-1-pinnate; pinnae 2-5 (-7) pairs, opposite or subopposite, longly stalked, lower pinnae same in size, 4-10 x 1.2-2.2 cm, rhomoidly broadly lanceolate, more or less falcate, apexes longly acuminate, bases subsymmetrical cuneate, acroscopic sometime auriculate, margins from base up with irregular serrations or lacerate sharp serrations, upper pinnae same shape with lower ones, bitly smaller, terminal pinna biger than lower lateral ones, rhomboidly lanceolate to triforked, 5-11 x 2-5 (-10) cm. Veins prominent, under sides of mein veins roundly raised, upper sides narrowly longitudinal valleculate, both sides of lateral veins grooved-riged-shape, 2-biforked or triforked, basel acroscopic several pairs of veins usually biforked of 2-3-pinnate and reached to margins. Fronds coriaceous, after dry darkkish-brown, both surfaces grooved-ridged-shape, when young pinnal bases densely covered with dark-brown fibrous small scales and from one to anather fallen when old; rachises grey-brown, upper sides longitudinal valleculate. Sori linear, 1-3 cm long darkkish-brown, uasually attached at acroscopic veinlets, almostly reached margins, upper parts of pinna in regularly one row along bother lateral sides of main veins, lower parts (or acrscopic only)ones usually in multi-rows; indusia linear, darkkish-brown, thin-papyraceous, entire, most opening to main veins, some opening to margin, persistent. Chromoseme 2n = 144.
On rocks by stream side or rocks of limestone under dense forest; 320-750 m.; Guangdon, Guangxi, S. Guizhou, Hainan, Taiwan and S. E. Yunnan [ India, Maleysia, Myanmer, Sri Lanka, Vietnan; S. Africa, Ausralia and New Zealend]. Specimen of type collected from Sri Lanka.
龙津铁角蕨 lon jin tie jiao jue
Plants 80-90 cm tall. Rhizomes erect, cylinderaceous, ca 8 cm long, ca 1 cm thick, woody, densely covered with scales; the scales lanceolate, thick-membranous, blackish-brown, iridescent polished and entire. Fronds clustered; stipes 36-42 cm long, deeply greyish-brown, bitly polished, upper sides longitudinal valleculate, bases densely covered with scales, up bitly covered with stellate small scales; laminae elliptically laneolate, 40-44 x 7-9 cm, 1-impari-pinnate; pinnae 7-8 pairs, subopposite, stalked, lower pinnae rhomboidly lanceolate, bitly falcate, 12-13 x 2-2.8 cm, apexes longly acuminate, bases subsymmetrical cuneate, excpte base margins entire, up all irregularly sparse thick serrate, spaced or lacerate, upper pinnae same shape and size with lower ones, terminal pinnae bitly biger than lower lateral ones, ca 11 x 4-5 cm, rhomboid, triforked. Veins pinnate, main veins unobviosly raised, veinlets slender, 2-biforked and reached to margin. Fronds toughly papyraceous, after dry darkkish-brown, glabrous on both surfaces; rachises dark greyish-brown, upper sides longitudinal valleculate and brownish-green on both lateral edges of vallecula. Sori linear, 0.5-2 cm long, darkkish-brown, attached at middle of veinlets and located at main veins and margins; indusia linear, greyish-brown, membranous, entire, most opening to main veins, attached at basiscopic of veinlets opening to margins and persistent.
On rocks under sparsly forest; endemic S. Guiangxi (longjin).
This species is similar to A. falcatum Lam. in outline, but frond toughly papyraceous, after dry darkkish-green, without vallecula on both sides, pinnae biger and apex acuminate and prolongated.
合生铁角蕨 he sheng tie jiao jue
Plants ca 30 cm tall . Rhizomes short and suberect, densely covered with scales; the scales linear-lanceolate, black, iridescent polished, membranous and entire. Fronds clustered; stipes 10-15 cm long, greyish-brown, densely covered basel amoeba shape, darkkish-brown, fibrous scales and partly fallen when old; laminae linear-lanceolate, 15-20 x ca 3 cm, atternuate to both ends, pannetipartite reached to rachises; pinnae 15-18 pairs, lower pinnae opposite, up ones subopposite or alternate, mid pinnae biger, 1.5-2 x 0.5-0.8 cm, longly elliptic, attenuated to both ends, apexes obtuse, bases adnate with rachises and connected along rachises by narrow wing, margins blunt serrate, lower 3-4 pairs of pinnae free and same shape with mid ones but dowards basel ones smaller. Veins pinnate, unobviosly, veinlets slender, 3-4 pairs, simple or biforked, reached to margins. Fronds herbaceous, after dry greenish, upper surfaces smooth, under surfaces fibrous small scaly; rachises green, upper sides sparsely covered with darkkish-brown, fibrous scales. Sori linear, 4-8 mm long, 2-3 pairs on per pinna, born on acroscopic of veinlets and located between main veins and margins; indusia linear, entire, opening to main veins and persistent.
Endemic Guangdong (Islands located the mouth of Zhujiang river). Less seeing.
This species is similar to A. crinicaule Hance, but pinnal apex obtuse, base adnated with rachis and connected along rachis by narrow -wing.
黑鳞铁角蕨 hei lin tie jiao jue
Plants ca 25 cm tall. Rhizomes short and erect, apexes densely covered with scales; the scales lanceolate, blackish-brown, iridescent polihed, apexes subulatly acuminate and entire. Fronds clustered; stipes 5-7 cm long, castaneousih- brown densely covered with basel stellate, black and clathrate scales and partly fallen when old; laminae linear, 20-23 x 2-2.8 cm, attenuate to both ends,1- pinnate; pinnae ca. 24 pairs, basel ones opposite, up ones alternae, subsessile, mid pinnae biger, elliptic,1-.4 x ca 0.5 cm, apexes rounded and 4-5 denticulate, bases asymmetrical, aroscopic truncate, basiscopic cuneate, both lateral margines sparsely serrate, lower pinnae gradually becoming smaller to base and ovato- triangular, basel one pair of pinna 4-6 mm long. Veins pinnate, faintly visible, veinlets slender, simple or biforked and unreched to margins. Fronds herbaceous, after dry brownish-green, when young both surfaces densely covered with stellate scales and fallen when grow up, upper surfaces occasionally covered with scales, under surfaces sparsely covered with scales; rachises castaneousish-brown, densely covered with stellate scales. Sori broadly linear, 3-4 mm long, darkkish-brown and from main veins prolongated margins, 6-8 (9 ) on per pinna; indusia broadly linear, thik-membranous, entire, brown and deeply castaneous-brow on attached places along veinlets, opening to main veins.
On acid soil by stream side; below ca. 1000 m.; endemic Guizhou ( duyun, tonren).
This species is similar to A. normale Don, but stipe and rachis castaneusish-brown, unpolished, the whole body covered with clathrate stellate scales, frond chartaceous, sori from mein vein running outside reached to margin
毛轴铁角蕨 mao zhou tie jiao jue
Asplenium hancei Bak.; A.beddomei Mett. ex Kuhn; A. polytrichum Christ.
Plants 20-40 cm tall. Rhizomes short and erect, densely coverd with scales; the scales lanceolate, blackish-brown, iridescent-polished, entire or with little fibrous hairs. Fronds clustered; stipes 5-12 cm long, greyish-brown, upper sides longitudinal vacullete and rachises on whole body densely covered with blackish-brown or darkkish-brown fibrous scales and fallen when old; lamiinae broadly lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, 10-30 x 3.5-7 cm, apexes acuminate, 1-pinnate; pinnae 18-28 pairs, alternate or lower ones opposite, almostly sessile ot very shortly stalked, basel pinnae bitly shortened and longly ovate, apexes obtuse, mid pinnae longer, 1.5-4 or more x 0.8-1.3 cm, rhomboidly lanceolate, apexes acuminate or acute, base asymmetrical, acroscopic roundly truncate and bitly auriculate, basiscopic longly cuneate, margins with irregularly thick and big blunt serrations. Veins obvious on both sides, grooved-ridged-shape, veinlets mostly 2-biforked, also bifoked, triforked and simple and unreached to margins. Fronds papyraceous, after dry darkkish-brown, both surfaces (or upper surface only ) grooved-ridged- shape, sparsely covered with darkkish-brown stellate small scales along upper surfaces of mein veins and partly fallen when old; rachises greyish-brown, upper sides longitudinal valleculate. Sori broadly linear, 4-8 mm long, brown, unreached to margins, along both sides of main vein regularly arranged or basel acroscopic ones inregularly multiseriete; indusia bradly linear, yellowyish- brown to greyish-brown, membranous and entire, opening to main veins or margins and persistent. Chromosome 2n = 144.
On wet rocks by stream sides under foresr; 120-3000 m.; Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Jiangxi, Sichuan and Yunnan [ India, Maleysia, Myanmar, Philippense, Sikkim, Vietnan; Australia]. Specimen of type collected from Guangdong ( din hu mountain).
Pinnae of this species is much varied in shape and size, so given name is very confuson in the past. On the basis of type speciment, pinnae 4-5 cm long, it is similar to A. pellucidum Lam. ( pinnae longly lanceolate, apex acuminate, basel pinnae strongly shortened into ovate ), perhaps is a geographic form of that species.
胎生铁角蕨 tai sheng tie jiao jue
Asplenium planicaule Wall.; A. tibeticum Ching; A. nanchuanense Ching & Z. Y, Liu.
Plants 20-45 cm tall. Rhizomes short and erect, densely covered with scales; the scales lanceolate, apexes subulate, darkkish-brown, iridescent-polished and entire. Fronds clustered; stipes 10-20 cm long, greyish-green or greyish-stramineus, upper sides longitudinal valleculate, sparsely covered with reddish-brown, narrowly lanceolate small scales and when old subglabros; laminae broadly lanceolate, 12-30 x 4-7 cm, apexes acuminate, 1-pinnate; pinnae 8-20 pairs, alternate or lower ones opposite, short stalked, lower several pairs unshortened or bitly shortened, mid pinnae 2-3.5 x 1-1.3 cm, rhomboid or rhombeoidly lanceolate, straight or more or less falcate, apexes acuminate, base extremely asymmetrical, acroscopic truncate and notable auriculate, basiscopic longly cuneate (1/4-1/3 base cut off), margins irregularly lobeted, lobelets blunt denticulate at tops. Veins obvious, grooved- ridged-shape on both sides, lateral veins 2-bifoked, sometime 2-forked, basel acroscopic 1-2 veins usually multi-biforked, unreached to margins. Fronds subcoriaceous, after dry grass-green, both surfaces grooved-ridged- shape, when young, pinnae bitly covered with darkkish-brown narrowly lanceolate scales on under surfaces and stalks then gradually fallen; rachises stramineous or greyish-castneous on under sides and sparsely covered with fibrous small scales, upper sides longitudinal valleculate, usually one scaly gemma in axils of pinnae and germinating in mather plant. Sori linear, 4-8 mm long, darkkish-brown when maturity, from main veins running outside nearly reached to margins and in one regularly row along both lateral sides of main veins, sori on belower middle in inregularly multi-rows; indusia linear, greyish-brown, entire, openning to main veins or margins. Chromoseme 2n = 144.
On wet rocks or tree trunks under densely forest; 600-2700 m.; Fujian, S. E. Guansu, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hunan, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Xizang, Yunnan and Zhejiang [ India, N. Japan, Myanmar, Nepal, Philippinse, Sikkim, Thailand and Vietnan].Specimen of type collected from India.
This species is much varied in outline, but stipe and rachis subglabrous or only covered with few reddish-brown small scales, pinnae deeply divided reached to 2/3, but never reached to main vein.
1a. Plant 20-45 cm tall. pinnae 2-3.5 cm long---------------------1a.. var. indicum
1b. Plant 10-20 cm tall. pinnae 1-2 cm long------------------.--1b. var. yoshimaga
胎生铁角蕨( 原变种) tai sheng tie jiao jue( yuan bian zhon)
Plant 20-45 cm tall, pinnae 2-3.5 cm long.
On wet rocks or tree trunks under densely forest; 600-2700 m.; Fujian, S. E.Gansu, Fujiang, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hunan, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Xizang, Yunnan and Zhejiang [ India, N. Japan, Myanmar, Nepal, Philippinse, Sikkim, Thailan and Vietnan].
棕鳞铁角蕨 zon lin tie jiao jue
Aspleium yoshinagae Makino, Phan. Pter. Jap. Icon. Illustr. 1: 64. 1900; Tarachia yoshinagae H. Ito; Asplenium palenicaule var. yoshinagae (Makino) Tagawa; A. wuyishanicum Ching; A. yoshinagae var. indicum Ching & S. K. Wu.
Plant 10-20 cm tall, pinnae 1-2 cm long, lower pinnae usually with one gemma in axils and able germinating , chromosome 2n = 144.
On Wet rocks or lower parts of tree trunks; Fujiang, uangdong, Gungxi, Hubei, Hunan, Sichuan, Xizang, Yunnan and Zhejiang [ Japan]. Specimen of type collected from Japan.
Plant of this species is small, perhaps it is a ecological form.
西南铁角蕨xi nan tie jiao jue
Asplenium adiandoides Lam.;A. furcatum Thunb.; Tarachia furcata Presl; Asplenium hirsutum Heyne.
Plants 25-45 cm tall. Rhizomes short and erect, densely covered with scales; the scales, lanceolate, apexes fibrous, blackish-brown, margins darkkish-brown, iridescent polished and entire. Fronds clusterd; stipes 8-22 cm long, upper sides greyish-green and longitudinal valleculete, under sides darkkish-brown with whole rachises densely covered with reddish-brown, polished narrowly lanceolate or fibrous thin scales then partly fallen; laminae lanceolate, 15-28 x 4.5-8 cm, apexes acuminate, 1-pinnate; pinnae 10-15 pairs, lower ones opposite, up pinnae subopposite or alternate, nearly sessile, belower pairs almostly same in size (or basel 1-2 pairs bitly short), rhomboid, 2.5-4.5 x 1-2 cm, apexes acuminate, bases bitly asymmetrical broadly cuneate, margins lobeto-incised and usually reached to main veins; segments 2-4 pairs, elliptic, 4-12 x 2-5 mm, basel one piece especially big, apexes rounded and dentate, both lateral sides entire. Veins obvious, grooved-riged shape, lateral veins slender and 2-biforked and unreached to margins. Fronds coriaceous, after dry upper surfaces darkkish-green, under surfaces brownish-green, both surfaces grooved-riged- shape and sparsely covered with reddish-brown,fibrous thin scales and then gradually fallen; rachises greyish-green, upper sides longitudinal valleculate and densely covered with fibrous scales. Sori linear, 3-8 mm long, deeply brown, attached at middle of veinlets, in one row along each lateral sides of main veins on upper pinnae and closed to main veins, nearly parallel with main veins, sori attached at segments and in irregularly flabellatly arranged, 2-5 on per segment; indusia linear, glaucous- greyish-yellow, thick-membranous, entire, opening to main veins or margins and persistent..
On rocks under mixed forest; 110-2600 m.; Sichuan and Yunnan [ India, Indonesia, Maleysia, Myanmer, Thailand and Vetnan].
撕裂铁角蕨si lie tie jie jue
Tarachia laciniatum Presl; T. truncata Prasl.
Plants 25-35 cm tall. Rhizomes short and erect, apexes densely covered with scales; the scales lanceolate, deeply brown or reddish-brown and entire. Fronds clusterd; stipes 4-6 cm long, stramineus, including lower parts of rachises densely covered with blackish-brown lanceolate scales, upper sides longitudinal valleculate; laminae linear-lanceolate, 20-30 x 3-4 cm, attenuated to both ends, apexes acuminate, 1-pinnate; pinnae 20-26 pairs, alternate or basel ones subopposite, short stalked, mid pinnae obliquely rhomboid, 1.4-2 x 0.6-0.9 cm, apexes obtuse, bases extremely asymmetrical, acroscopic truncate and auriculate, basiscopic strongly obliquely cut off (1/3-2/3 of base), margins irregularly laciniate or lobeto-incised, basel acrscopic parted into a small pinnule, up parted into different in size broadly linear segments, lower pinnae same shape wiih mid ones, doward basel pinnae gradually shortened. Veins visible, lower 1/3-2/3 parts of main veins combined with lower margins, lateral veinlets biforked, basel acroscopic one veinlet usually triforked or 2-biforked, slender and prolongated and reached to apexes of segments. Fronds herbaceous, after dry grassish-greenish, smooth on upper surfaces, bitly covered with brownish stellate small scales on under surfaces and then fallen; rachises stramineousish, when young densely covered with scales and then fallen, upper sides longitudinal valleculate, basel one pair of pinnae occationally with one scaly gemma in axil. Sori broadly linear, 2-3.5 mm long, brown, born on middle of veinlets, sori on pinnal upper parts arranged along both lateral sides and closed to main veins, ones on basel acroscopic usually arranged in irregular flabellate, 5-8 on per pinna; indusia broadly linear, greyish-green to greyish-brown, entire, opening to main veins or margins. Chromosome 2n = 144.
On wet rocks by stream sides; 1550- 2600 m.; N. Taiwan, S. E. Xizang and W. Yunnan [ Bhutan, N. India, N. Myanmar, Nepal and Sikkim]. Specimen of type collected from Nepal.
斜裂铁角蕨 xie lie tie jiao jue
Plants 40-45 cm tall. Rhizomes short and erect, sparsely covered with scales; the scales lanceolate, brown, iridescent polished and margins dentate. Fronds clustered; stipes 20-35 cm long, greyish-brown, longitudinal valleculate on upper sides, when young including rachises sparsely covered with darkkish-brown, ovato-lanceolate scales then becoming nearly smooth; laminae elliptically lanceolate, 20-30 x 6-8 cm, apexes acute, 1-pinnate; pinnae 10-15 pairs, lower ones opposite, up ones alternate, stalks 2-4 mm long, every pair of pinnae below middle almostly same in size, 3-3.5 - 1-2.2 cm, rhomboidly lanceolate, apexes acuminate, bases asymmetrical broadly cuneate, margins lobate alomostly reached to main veins, segments 3-4 pairs, elliptic, 6-11 x 3-8 mm, basel acroscopic one piece especially big, apexes roundedly truncate and lacerate, both lateral sides entire. Veins obvious on both sides, grooved- riged -shape, lateral veins 2-3 - biforke, veinlets slender almostly reached to margins. Fronds coriaceous, after dry brownish-green, both surfaces grooved - riged - shape; rachises grassish-grey and longitudinal valleculate on upper sides, under sides greyish-brown and smooth. Sori shortly linear, 2.5-5 mm long, darkkish-brown, attached on middle of veinlets, 2-4 on per segment, 4-6 on basel acroscopic segments and irregularly arranged; indusia short linear, brownish, entire, thick-membrnous, opening to main veins or margins and persistent.
On rocky cliffs; endemin Hainan (linshui).
This species is simila to A. praemorsum Sw. in outline, but without reddish-brown fibrous scales around body, pinnae longer and with obvious stalks, division deeper.
石生铁角蕨shi sheng tie jiao jue
Asplenium comptum Hance; A. dimidiatum var. comptum Bak.; A. affine var. sinense Christ.
Plants 20-50 cm tall. Rhizomes short and erect, densely covered with scales; the scales linearly lanceolate, darkkish-brown, iridenscent-polished, margins dentate. Fronds subclusterd; stipes 10-22 cm long, greyish-stramineous, bases densely covered with scales and sparsely up, upper sides longitudinal valleculate; laminae broadly lanceolate, 12-28 x 5-11 cm, apexes acuminate and pinnate, segments few, almostly free, termal pinna more or less triforked, doward ones 1-pinnate; pinnae 5-12 pairs, lower ones opposite, up ones alternate, stalkes 5-10 mm long, basel pinnae bitly biger, 3-6 x 2-3 cm, rhomboid, apexes acuminate, bases asymmetrical roundly cuneate, margins inregularly crenate or lobato-incissed, usually parted reached to 2/3 or almostly to main veins, segments 1-3 pieces, elliptic or obovate, 0.6-2 x 0.3-1.2 cm, basel acroscopic one piece most big, apexes roundly truncate or obtuse and fine crenate, both lateral sides entire; up every pair of pinnae all same shpe with basel ones but bitly smaller. Veins groove- ridged-shape on both sides, main veins unobvios, lateral veins flabellately forked and unreached to margins. Fronds coriaceous, after dry darkkish-brown, both surfaces grooved- ridged- shape; rachises greyish-stramineous, sparsely covered with scales then fallen, upper sides longitudinal valleculate,. Sori linear, 4-15 mm long, deeply brown, simple or occationally incomplete double attached on veinlets, almostly reached to mrgins, 3-6 on per segment ( 8-12 on basel a pair of segment); indusia linear, brown, thick-membranous, entire, opening to main veins or margins.
On wet rocks under densely forest; 300-1300 m.; Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, S. Hunan, Sichuan and Yunnan [ Vetnan]. Specimen of type collected from Guizhou.
This is similar to Asplenium dimidiatum Sw. producing tropical zone of America, but stalk longer, margins parted.
东南铁角蕨 dong nan tie jiao jue
Aslenium hancckii Bak.; Aslenium formosanum Bak.; Tarachia austrochinense B. Ito;
Plants 15-20 cm tall. Rhizomes short and crect, densely covered with scales; the scales lnear-lanceolate, darkkish-brown, bitly plished and subentire. Fronds clusterd; stipes 4-10 cm long, greyish -stramineous, upper sides longitudinal valleculate and rachises, stalks all sparsely coverd with reddish-brown lanceolate small scalesand then gradually fallen; laminae elliptic lanceolate, 6-10 x 1-2 cm, apexes acuminate, 1-pinnate; pinnae 5-9 pairs, subopposite or up ones alternate, stakes 2-3 mm long, basel one pair bitly biger, 1.8-3 x 1-2 cm, rhombic, apexes sharp or acuminate, bases bitly asymmetrical, obliquely broadly cuneate, margins parted alomostly reached to main vein, segments 1-2 pairs, elliptic, 3-11 x 2.5-5 mm, basel acroscoic one piec biger, apex roundly truncate and long-dentate, both lateral sides entire; up pinnae all same shape with basel ones, but becoming smaller. Veins grooved- ridged- shape on both sides, main veins inprominent, lateral veins flabellatly forked and unreached to margins. Fronds coriaceous, after dry darkkish-green, grooved- ridged- shape on both surfaces; rachises greyish-stramineous or greyish-green, longidunal valleculete on upper sides. Sori shor-linear, 3-5 mm long, brown, attached at middle of veinlets, unreached to margin, 1-4 on per segment; induia short-linear, brown, thick-membranous, entire, opening to main veins or margins.and persistent.
On wet rocks under forest; ca 700 m.; Anhui, Fujian,Jiangxi, Taiwan and Zhejiang [ Japan]. Specimen of type collected from Taiwan.
瑞丽铁角蕨 ruili tie jiao jue
Plants reached to 20 cm tall. stipes stramineousish, 2-4 cm long, broadly longitudinal- valleculete on upper sides with whole rachises densely covered with scales; the scales lanceolate, darkkish-brown, iridescent-polished, margins bitly serrate. Laminae lanceolate, 12-16 x 3-3.5 cm, apexes acuminate, bases bitly narrowed, bipinnate; pinnae 15-20 pairs, alternate, stalks ca 1 mm long, lower pinnae bitly short, mid ones 1.5-2 x 0.9-1.1 cm, elliptic, apexes obtuse, 1-pinnate; pinnule 3 pairs, alternate, anadromous, basel acroscopic one piece biger, 6-8 x 3-4 mm, spatulate, apexes obtuse, bases cuneate, combined with rachises and decurrent along rachillae, both lateral sides entire, segments linear, apexes sublacerate. Veins obvious on both sides, raised on upper sides, under sides grooved- ridged- shape, veinlets dichotomous branching, almostly reached to margins. Sori broadly linear, 2-4 mm long, brown, attached middle of veinlets, 1-2 on per pinnule, 2-3 on basel acroscopic pinnule; indusia broadly linear, brownish, membranous, entire, opening to main veins or dimiately opening..
On rocks; W. Yunnan [India, Myanmar and N. Thailand]. Specimen of type collected from Thailand.
匙形铁角蕨chi xing tie jiao jue
Plants 30-65 cm tall. Rhizomes erect and ascending, densely covered with scales; the scles lanceolate, membranous, deeply brown, bitly iridescent-polished, margins bitly dentate. Fronds approximate; stipes 13-30 cm long, greyish-stranmineous, smooth, upper sides longitudinal-valleculate; laminae elliptic, 21-36 x 10-20 cm, apexes acuminate, bipinnate; pinnae 12-15 pairs, subopposite or alternate, stalks 2-3 mm long, basel one pair of pinnae longer, 7-14 x 3.5-4.5 cm, broadly lanceolate, apexes longly caudate, 1-pinnate; pinnules 6-8 pairs, alternate, anadromous, subsessile, spatulate, apexes obtuse, basel one pair of pinnae biger, 2-3 x 1-1.3 cm, bases subsymmetrical longly cuneate and decurrent, both lateral sides entire, above and outside margines lacerate, lower pars of margins sometime alomostly parted reached to main veins and becoming spatulate segment. Veins obvious on both sides, raised on upper sides, under sides more or less grooved- ridged- shape, lateral veinlete biforked, basel acroscopic one vein sometime triforked or subpinnate, unreached to margins. Fronds tough papyraceous, after dry brownish-green, smooth; rachises greyish-brown, upper sides longitudinal-valleculate, apexes usually with 1-2 axillary scaly gamms. Sori broadly linear, 5-10 mm long, brown, unreached to margins, 1-4 on per pinnule; indusia broadly linear, brownish, membranous, entire, opening to main veins and persistent..
On stream sides under forest; 800-1400 m; Hainan [Indonesia, Maleysia, Philippinse and Sri Lanka]. Specimen of type collected from Philippinse.
烏来铁角蕨 wu lai tie jiao jue
Tarachia cuneatiformis H. Ito.
Plants 50-60 cm tall. Rhizomes ascending, densely covered with scales; the scales lanceolate, brown on base, up black-brown, iridicent-polished, membranous and entire. Fronds subclustered; stipes 19-24 cm long, greyish-brown, polished, upper sides longitudinal-valleculate, bases densely covered with scales, up smooth; laminae lanceolate, 30-40 x 6-8 cm, apexes longly acuminate, bipinnate; pinnae 18-22 pairs, lower ones opposite, up ones alternate, stalks ca. 2mm long, basel pinnae unshortened, 5-6 x ca 2 cm, broadly lanceolate, falcate, apexes acuminate and with thick serrations, lower pinnae 1-pinnate, pinnules 3-4 pairs, basel one pair of pinna biger, 10-14 x 5-6 mm, ligulate, apexes rounded or truncate, bases longly cuneate, more or less combined with rachis and decurrent, apexes 3-5 thick crenate, both lateral sides entire. Veins obvious on both sides, upper sides raised, lower sides more or less grooved- ridged- shepe, lateral veins biforked or veinlets on bases of pinnules subflabellately braching, unreached to margins. Fronds papyraceous, after dry brown and glabrous; rachises greyish-brown on under sides, smooth and polished, upper sides longitudinal-valleculate and brownish-stramineous,. Sori linear, 5-9 mm long, attached at middle of veinlets and unreached to margins, one on per veinlet, 1-3 on basel pinnule; indusia linear, brownish to darkkish-brown, membranous, entire, opening to main veins and persistent.
Endemic Taiwan ( wulai mauntain).
This species is similar to A. spathulinum J. Sm., but laminae narrower, pinnal divideding less, pinnules rounded or truncate at apex and with several thick crenatons.
俅铁角蕨qiu jiang jiao jue
Plants 50-100 cm tall. Rhizomes strong, short and erect, woody, densely covered with a big bunched scales; the scales big, lanceolate, blackish-brown, polished and entire. Fronds clusterd; stipes 30-38 cm long, bases densely covered with scales,up smooth, greyish-green, upper sides longitudinal-valleculate; laminae elliptic, 45-60 x 26-30 cm, apexes acuminate, bipinnate; pinnae 15-20 pairs, lower ones opposite, up ones alternate, staks 6-19 mm long, basel pinnae almostly unshortened, 14-16 x 3.8-4.2 cm, lanceolate, apexes longly caudate, 1-pinnate; pinnules 8-10 pairs, alternate, stalks 2-3 mm long, lower every pairs of pinnules same shape and size, 1.5-2 x 1-.5 cm, rhomboid, apexes obtuse, bases longly cuneate, bitly asymmetrical, acroscopic roundly truncate and bitly auriculate, basiscopic cuneate and decurrent; outside and above margins undulate and thick and blunt dentate, others all entire, upper pinnules same shape with lower ones and gradually becoming smaller. Veins obvious on both sides, upper sides raised, under sides more or less grooved- ridged-shape, lateral veins flabellatly bifoked-bramching and unreached to margins. Fronds chartaceous, after dry darkkish-green, smooth; rachises and costuls all greyish-brown, smooth, upper sides longitudinal-valleculate. Sori broadly linear, 3-8 mm long, deeply brown, located at lower and middle of pinnules, 3-8 on per pinnule; indusia brownish, membranous, entire, opening to main veins or margins.
Under dense forest; ca. 1200 m.; endemic N. W. Yunnan ( dulongjiang valley).
It is one outstading species, differ with A. apathulinum J. Sm. in rhizome covered with very densely scales as wrapped inside of a bunched scales, ultimate pinnules shorter, rhomboid, base cuneate and decurrent, with long stalks, margin erosed, thick and blunt dentate.
大盖铁角蕨 da gai tie jiao jue
Asplenium grandifrons Christ; A. cavalerianum Christ; A. viridissimum Hayata.
Plants 60-100 cm tall. Rhizomes erect, strong and woody, apexes densely covered with scales; the scales big, lanceolate, darkkish-brown, polished and margins bitly dentate. Fronds clustered; stipes 20-43 cm long, greenish, upper sides longitudinal-valleculate, bases densely covered with scales, up sparsely with deeply brown convolute fibrous scales and then gradually fallen and becoming mooth; laminae elliptic, 45-63 x 18-24 cm, apexes acuminate, tripinnate; pinnae 16-19 pairs, alternate or basel ones opposite, stalked, basel pinnae shorter, mid ones 11-19 x 4-8 cm, lanceolate, bitly falcate, apexes acuminate, bases asymmetrical, acroscopic truncate, basiscopic broadly cueate, bipinnate; pinnules 11-13 pairs, alternate, andromous, stalked, basel acroscopic one piece biger, erect, 2.5-4 x 1.6-2.2 cm, ovato-triangular, apexes nearly obtuse, bases roundly cuneate, asymmetrical and decurrent along costules by narrow wing; ultimate pinnules 3-4 pairs, basel acroscopic one piece bigest, 12-15 x 6-8 mm, longly ovate, apexes rounded, bases bitly asymmetrical broadly cuneate and combined with costules and decurrent by narrow wing, margins triangular, short and broad serrate. Veins bitly visible, pinnate on ultimate pinnules, veinlets simple or biforked, one veinlets on per serration and with a obvios hydathode at end and unreached to margins. Fronds herbaceous, after dry grassish-green,; rachises greenish, smooth, upper sides longitudinal-valleculate, both lateral sides narrowly winged; costules greenish, raised on both sides, both lateral sides broadly winged. Sori subelliptic, ca. 4 mm long, deeply brown, attached at middle of pinnules, 1-3 on per pinnule; indusia elliptic, glaucous, membranous, entire, opening to main veins.and persistent. Chromosome 2n = 144.
Under forest by stream sides; ca.2600 m.; Fujian, Guizhou, Sichuan, Taiwan and Yunnan [ N. India, Myanmar, Sikkim and Vietnan].
1a. Laminae 3-pinnate------------------------------------------1a. var. bullatum
1b. Laminae 2-pinnate------------------------------------------1b. var. shikokianum
大盖铁角蕨 (原变种) da gai tie jiao jue ( yua bian zho)
Laminae 3-pinnate.
Under forest by stream sides; ca 2600 m.; Fujiang, Guizhou, Sichuan, Taiwan and Yunnan [ N. India, Myanmar, Sikkim and Vietnan].
稀羽铁角蕨xi yu tie jiao jue
Asplenium shikokianum Makino in Bot. Mag. Tokyo 6: 45. 1892; A. wrightii var. shikokianum Makino; A. latecuneatum Christ.
Frond bipinnate. Chromosome 2n = c. 170 (unnormally divided in meiosis).
Living environment same with original variety; 700-800 m; Hubei, Sichuan and Taiwan [ Japan]. Specimen of type collected from Japan.
华南铁角蕨 hua nan tie jiao jue
Asplenium wilfordii var. austrochnense ( Ching) Tagawa; A. wilfordii DeVol & C. M. Kou; A. jinlungense Ching.
Plants 30-40 cm tall. Rhizomes short and thick, creeping, apexes densely covered with scales; the scales lanceolate, darkkish-brown, iridescent-polished, subentire. Fronds approximate; stipes 0-20 cm long, lower parts grassish-grey, up geyish-stramineous, upper sides longidinal-valleculate with rachises and rachillae smooth or with one or two reddish-brown scales on under sides; laminae broadly lanceolate, 18-16 x 6-10 cm, apexes acuminate, bipinnate; pinnae 10-14 pairs, lower ones opposite, up ones alternate, stalks 3-4 mm long, basel pinnae unshortened, 4.5-8 x 1.7-3 cm, lanceolate, apexes longly caudate, 1-pinnate; pinnules 3-5 pairs, alternate, anadromous, basel acroscopic one piece biger, spartulate, 1-2 x 0.6-1.2 cm, apexes obtuse or rounded and with 2-3 segments, bases longly cuneate and combined with rachillae, lower lateral sides decurrent along costules, segments sublacerate at apexes; rachillae narrowly winged on both lateral sides. Veins obvious on both sides, upper sides raised, lower sides grooved- ridgd-shape, veinlets flabellatly biforked- branching and almostly reached to margins. Fronds firm - coriaceous, after dry brown; rachises and rachillae longitudinal-valleculate on upper sides. Sori short linear, 3-5 mm long, darkkish-brown, 2-6 (-9 ) on per pinnule; indusia linear, brown, thick-membranous, entire, opening to main veins or margins and persistent.
On wet rocks under dense forest; 400-1100 m.; Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Sichuan, S. E. Yunnan and Zhejiang [ Vitnan]. Specimen of type collected from Guangdong.
閩浙铁角蕨 min zhe tie jiao jue
Tarachia wilfordii (Mett. ex Khun) Nakai; Asplenium fengyang-shanense Ching & C. F Zhang. A. wilfordii (Mett. ex Kuhn) Nakai.
Plants 30-40 cm tall. Rhizomes ascending, woody, densely covered with scales; the scales lanceolate, reddish-brown to deeply brown, iridescent-polished, entire. Fronds clusterd; stipes 12-20 cm long, greenish or darkkish-brown on lower sides, upper sides longitudinal-valleculate, lower parts sparsely covered with brown lanceolate small scales, up smooth; laminae elliptic, 12-25 x 5-13 cm, apexes sharp, 3-pinnate or 4-pinnatifid; pinnae 9-15 pairs, basel ones opposite, up ones alternate, longly stalked, basel one pair bitly longer, 5-8 x 2.5-4 (-6) cm, triangular-lanceolate, apexes shrply caudate, bases asymmetrical, broadly cuneate, bipinnate; pinnules 4-6 pairs, alternate, anadromous, basel one pair biger, up pinnae gradually becoming smaller, nearly rhomboidly triangular, 1.8-2.5 x 1-1.5 cm, sharp at apexes, bases broadly cuneate, stalked, pinnate; ultimate pinnules 2-3 pairs, alternate, basel one pair bigest, ligulate, 9-2 x 4-5 mm, apexes obtuse or rounded, bases longly cuneate and decurrent, 2-3 palmatipartite; segments linear, 2-3 inregular obtuse serrtions on apexes, both lateral sides entire. Veins obvious on both sides, raised on upper sides, veinlets biforked on segment or ultimate pinnules, almostly reached margins. Fronds thick-herbaceous, after dry grey-green; rachises greenish to greyish-brown, rachillae same colour with laminae, upper sides all longitudinal –valleculate and occationally covered with fibrous small scales. Sori linear, 2-3 mm long, 1-2 on per segment or ultimat pinnule; indusia same shape with sori, geyish, membranous, entire, oppositly openning. Chromoseme 2n = 144.
On rocks under forest; 200-250 m.; Fujian, Jiangxi, Taiwan and Zhejiang [ Japan and S. Korea]. Specimen of type collected from S. Korea
相似铁角蕨xiang si tie jiao jue
Plants 30-35 m tall. Rhizomes ascending, densely covered with scales; the scales lanceolate, reddish-brown, bitly polished, entire; Fronds clusterd; stipes 10-15 cm long, greenish-stamineous, sparsely covred with reddish-brown, narrowly lanceolate small scales, upper sides longitudinal-valleculate; laminae lanceolate, 18-21 x 5-6 cm, apexes acuminate, bpinnate; pinnae ca. 12 pairs, opposite or up alternate, stalked, basel one pair almostly ashortened, lower pinnae same in size, 3-4 x 1.5-2 cm, rhomboidly lanceolate, apexes acuminate, bases extremely asymmetrical, 1-pinnate; pinnules 3-4 pairs, alternate, anadromous, basel acroscopic one piece particular big, 1.5-2 x 06-0.8 cm, spathulate, apexes obtuse, bases longly cuneate, bitly combined with rachillae, both lateral sides lobato-incised alomostly reached to main veins, segments 3-5 pieces, spathulate, apexes sublacerate, basel basiscopic one piece alomostly same size with acroscopic one, 1-1.5 x 0. 3 - 0. 5 cm, spathulate, apexes obtuse, bases longly cuneate, bitly combined with rachillae, lower laretral sides decurrent, entire on both sides, upper parts lacerate, segments irregular blunt serrate on apexes, other pinnules far smaller. Veins obvious, raised on upper sides, under sides more or less grooved –ridged-shape, lateral veins slender, flabellatly biforked braching, unreached to margins. Fronds tough papyraceous, after dry greyish-green; rachises same coloue with stepe, upper sides longitudinal-valleculate; rachillae narrowly winged on both lateral sides. Sori short linear, 2-4 mm long, 2-6 on per pinnule; indusia linear, brownish, membranous, entire, opening to main veins or margins and persistent.
On rocks under forest; ca. 800 m; endemic Jiangxi ( lushan).
This species is similar to A. austro-chinense Ching, but plant thiner, frond papyraceous, after dry greyish-green, finely dividing on every time of pinnae, basel acroscopic one pinnule particular developing, basiscopic pinnule smaller and closed to rachilla.
海南铁角蕨 hai nan tie jiao jue
Plants 24-40cm Tall. Rhizomes short and erect, apexes densely covered with scales; the scales lanceolate, darkkish-brown, bitly iridescent-polished, membranous and entire. Fronds clustered; stipes 5-15 cm long, grey, upper sides longitudinal valleculate, when young sparsely covered with darkkish-brown or brown stellate small scales then fallen becoming smooth; laminae lonceolate, 13-26 x 3.5-8 cm, apexes longly acuminate, bipinnate; pinnae 12-16 pairs, basel ones opposite, up ones alternate, short stalked, basel pinnae almostly unshortened, mid ones 2.5-4 (-7 ) x 1.2-1.6 cm, ovato-lanceolate, more or less falcate, aute at apexes, 1-pinnate; punnules 3-4 (-7) pairs, alternate, anadromous, usually acroscopic pinnule biger than basiscopic one, basel one pair biger, 8-10 x 4-6 mm, narrowly ligulate, apexes ronded or roundly cuneate, bases longly cuneate and decurrent, sessile, both lateral sides entire, apexes few blunt serrate or parted into 2-3 linear segments, segments roundly truncate and blunt serrate. Veins obvious, raised on upper sides, lower sides grooved- ridged-shape, veinlets flabellatly dichotoous branching, slendera and unreached to margins. Fronds firm papyraceous, after dry brownish-green; rachises same colour with stipe, smooth and longitudinal-valleculate. Sori linear, 2-6 mm long, 2-5 on per pinnule; indusia linear, brownish, membranous and entire, opening to main veins or margins and persistent.
On wet rocks by stream sides under forest; 400-700 m.; Hainan [ Vietnan]. Specimen of type collected from Hainan.
大羽铁角蕨 da yu tie jiao jue
Tarachia laserpitiifolium Tuyama.
Plants 60-70 cm tall. Rhizomes short and erect, strong, woody, apexes densely covered with scales; the scales big, linear-lanceolate, darkkish-brown or deeply brown, iridescent-polished, entire. Fronds clusterd; stipes 24-35 cm long, deeply grass-green or deeply grassish-grey, polished, smooth, upper sides longitudinal-valleculate; laminae big, elliptic, 50-60 x 28-40 cm, apexes acuminate, 3-pinnate or 4-pinnatifid; pinnae 10-12 pairs, basel ones subopposite, up ones alternate, long stalked, mid pinnae 15-23 x10-15 cm, longly triangular, bitly falcate, apexes short caudate, bases rounded, subsymmetrical, bipinnate; pinnules 9-11 pairs, alternate, anadromous, long stalked, basel one pair bigest, 6-10 x 3.5- 4.5 cm, longly triangular, apexes short caudate, bases roundly cuneate, symmetrical, stalked, pinnate or bipinnate on lower parts; ultimat pinnules 4-8 pairs, alternate or basel one pair opposite or subopposite, basel one pair biger, particular acroscopic one piece biger, 2-2.5 x 1.4-1.6 cm, rhombically rhomboid, apexes sharp, short stalked, palmately triparted or pinnapartifid; segments 3-5 pieces, ligulate, 8-11 x 4-5.5 mm, apexes roundly truncate or rounded, bases cuneate, combined or partly free, apexess irregular blunt serrate, both lateral sides entire; other pinnules smaller, only lobete or individed. Veins obvious, grooved- ridged-shape, veinlets flabellately dichotomous- branching on ultimate- pinnule or segment, almostly reached to margins. Fronds soft papyraceous, after dry grassish-green; rachises and rachillae deeply grassish-brown or deeply grass-grey, polished, smooth., upper sides longitudinal-valleculate. Sori linear, reached to 8 mm long, brown, 2-4 on per ultimate pinnule or segment; indusia linear, brown, thick-membranous and entire, usually oppositly opening and persistent.
On tree trunks under densely forest; 650 - 800 m; Hainan, Taiwan and Yunnan [ India, Japan, Maleyasia, Myanmar, Thailan and Vietnan]. Specimen of type collected from Hainan.
假大羽铁角蕨 jia da yu tie jiao jue
Plants reached l m. tall. Rhizomes ascending, strong and woody, apexes densely covered with scales; the scales linear-lanceolate, darkkish-brown, iridescent-polished, entire. Fronds clustered; stipes 15-40 cm long, grassish-grey or deeply grass-grey, upper sides longitudinal-vlleculate, bases sparsely covered with scales, up gradually becoming smooth; laminae big, elliptic, 15-55 (-70) x 9-25 cm, apex acuminate, tripinnate; pinnae 12-15 pairs, bases ones opposite, up ones alternate, longly stalked, basel one pair unshortened, 10-20 x 6-8 cm, longly triangular, more or less falcate, apexes caudate, bases subrounded, bipinnate; pinnules 10-12 pairs, alternate, anadromous, short stalked, basel one pair longer, 4-8 x 1.7-2.6 cm, ovato-trangular or triangular-lanceolate, apexes acuminate, bases asymmetrical, acroscopic truncate, basiscopic cuneate, pinnate; ultimat-pinnae 4-6 pairs, alternate, basel acroscopic one piec biger, 1-2 x 0.5-1.1 cm, ligulate, apexes obtuse and irregular serrate, or obtriangular-ovate and flabellatly parted, bases cuneate and decurrent, short stalked; segments narrow- ligulate, 8-10 x 3-5 mm, apexes rounded, bases narrowly cuneate, apexes blunt dentate; other ultimate pinnules individed or lobete only. Veins obvious, grooved- ridged-shape, veinlets flabellatly dichotomous-brancing and reached to margins. Fronds subcoriaceous, after dry grass-green; rachises and rachillae grass-grey, upper sides longitudinal-valleculate, rachillae same colour with fronds. Sori linear, 3-6 mm long, brown, 1-2 (-4) on per ultimat pinnule or segment; indusia linear, brownish, membranous and entire, opening to main veins or rachillae and persistent.
On rocks by stream sides under forest; 100-1100 m; Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, Taiwan and S. E. Ynnan [ India, Indonesia, Phillippines and Vietnan] Speciment of type collected from Guangdong ( lechang).
拟大羽铁角蕨 ni da yu ti jiao jue
Plants reached to 1 m. or more tall. Rhizomes erect, strong and woody, apexes densely covered with scales; the scales big, linear-lanceolate, darkkish-brown, iridescent-polished, entire. Fronds clustred; stipes 20-45 cm long, grassish-grey, polished, upper sides longitudinal-valleculate, bases sparsely covered with brown fibrous small scales, up becoming smooth; fronds big, elliptic, 40-65 x 16-30 cm, apexes acuminate, tripinnate; pinnae 3-16 pairs, lower ones opposite, up ones alternate, longly stalked, basel one pair unshortened, 15-23 x 7-11 cm, longly triangular, more or less falcate, apexes short-caudate, bases broadly cuneate, bipinnate; pinnules 10-14 pairs, alternate, anadromous, stalks 5-7 mm long, basel one pair biger, 4-7 x 2.5-3 cm, longly triangular, apexes sharp-point, bases bitly obliquely round-truncate, pinnate; Ultimat pinnules 4-6 pairs, alternate, basel one pair biger, 1.5-2 x 1.5-1.7 cm, broadly obovate, apexes obtuse, bases broadly cuneate, short stalked, 2-3 palmatipartifte or palmatilobate; segment ligulate, apexes roundly truncate, both lateral sides entire, apexes lacerate, other ultimate pinnules shorter, apexes lobate or undivided and sessile. Veins obvious, grooved- ridged-shape, veinlets dichotomous- branching and reached to margins. Fronds soft papyraceous, after dry grassish-green, felling smooth; rachises and rachillae same colour with stipe, upper sides longitudinal-valleculate, costules same colour with fronds. Sori linear, 4-6 mm long, brown, membranous and entire, opnning to mai veins and persistent.
On rocks by stream sides under forest; 800-900 m; Guangong, Guangxi and Taiwan [ India, Maleysia, Myanmar and Vietnan]. Specimem of type collected from Guangxi ( shangsi, shi-wan-da-shan).
卵叶铁角蕨luan ye tie jiao jue
Acrostichum ruta-muraria Lam.; Phyllitis ruta-muraria Moench; Scoopendrium ruta-muaria Roth; Amesium ruta-muraria Newmann; Tarachia ruta-muraria Presl; Asplenium murale Bernh.
Plants 3-10 cm tall. Rhizomes creeping, apex ascending and densely covered with scales; the scales linear, blackish-brown, polished, entire. Fronds concentractly clustred; stipes 2-5 cm long, stramineous or greyish-green, bases castaneous and sparsely covered with fibrous small scales, up sooth, after dry compressed; laminae ovate, 2-5 x 15-3 cm, apexes sharp, upper parts imparipinnate, lower ones bipinnate; pinnae 3-4 pairs, opposite or alternate, basel one pair bigest, 8-10 x 8-12 mm, triangular, apexes sharp, imaparipinnate or ternate, lateral pinnules 2-3 pieces, opposite or alternate, same in size, 4-6 x 3-5 mm, ovate or trapziform, apex subrounded or obtuse, bases broadly cuneate and decurrent, margins inregularly sharp dentat, terminal pinnule same shape with lateral ones but bitly biger, sometime hastate; second pairs of pinnae same shape with basel one pair but smaller, or simple, up evry pair of pinnules all simple, termnal pinna trapezoformis, simple or unequely biforked. Veins obscure, flabellatly dichotomous-braching, slender, reached to margins. Fronds soft coriaceous, after dry greyish-green; rachises and rachillae same colour with stipe, upper sides longitudinal-valleculate, after dry often flat. Sori linear, 1-4 mm long, deeply brown, 5-12 on per pinna or pinnule, after maturity spreading all over pinnal under surfaces; indusia linear glaucous to brownish, thin-membranous and entire, opening to main veins or margins, finnaly fallen. Chromosome 2n = 144.
On rocks; ca 2100 m; Shaanxi, Sichuan and Xinjiang [ Japan, Russia, mid Asia and Ximalaya; Europe, N. American]. Specimen of type collected from Europe.
This is a European and Asiatic and circumolar species. It passed mid Asia from kunlun mountain came to Xinjiang and other places. On the basis of Fl. of Taiwan ( 1: 448. 1975 & Sec. Ed. 1: 460. 1994. ) record, the species produced in Taiwan also, but the writer unseen the specimen. On the basis of Fl of Herbaceous on N. E China ( 1: 36. 198) taked on, but also unseen the specimen.
圆叶铁角蕨yuan ye tie jiao jue
Plants 3-5 cm tall. Rhizomes short and erect, densely covered with scales; the scales linear, blackish-brown, iridescent-polished and subentire. Fronds clusterd; stipes slender, 2-4 cm long, greyish-green, lower parts bitly covered with darkkish-brown amoeba small scales, up smooth, after dry compressed; laminae simple, flabellatly rounded or ternato-bipinnate, ovato-triangular, 5-12 x 7-16 mm, apexes rounded, or simply 2-3-ternate; pinnae 2-3 pairs, leteral pinnae opposite, closed to terminal one, every pair of pinnae same shape and size ( or basel one pair of pinnae occasionally ternate), flabellately rounded, 3-7 X 3-7 mm, sessile or basel one pair short of pinnae short stalked, margins inobviously denticulate. Veins obvious, flabellatly dichotomous-braching, slender, unreached to margins. Fronds thin-herbaceous, after dry greyish-green; rachises and stipes densely covered with orbicular glandular hairs. Sori subelliptic, 2-5 on per pinna, after maturity spreading all over centre of under surfaces of pinnae and unreached to margins; indusia elliptic, brownish, finally fallen.
In crevices among rocks; ca 1500 m.; endemic N. W. Hebei (xiaowutai mountain).
This species is very similar to A. ruta-muraria L., but plant shorter, smaller and slender, 3-5 cm tall only, frond thin-herbaceous, lamina simple or ternate or subpinnate, pinna rounded and margin denticulate, stipe and rachis densely covered with glandulate hairs.
德钦铁角蕨 de qin tie jiao jue
Plants 2-5 cm tall Rhizomes erect, densely covered with scales; the scales black, polished and subentire. Fronds clusterd; stipes 0.5-3 cm long, slender, greyish-stramineous, and rachises sparsely covered with black fibrous small scales and densely covered with glandular hairs, after dry compressed; laminae triangular, 1-1.5 x ca 1 cm, apexes sharp, upper part 1-pinnate, lower part bipinnate; pinnae 2-3 pairs, alternate, basel one pair bigest, 4-5 x 4-6 mm, triangular, apexes sharp, bases subtruncate, very short stalked, 2-ternate; pinnules same shape and size or terminal one bitly biger, 3-4 x 2-3 mm, subovate, almostly sessile, margins entire or bitly undulate; second pair of pinnae same shape with basel one pair but smaller, simple and shape with pinnule but biger, up every pair of pinnae all simple. Veins obscure, flabellatly dichotomous- branching and reached to margins. Fronds soft coriaceous, after dry darkkish-brown; rachises and rachillae same colour with stipe, sparsely covered with small scales and densely covered with glandular hairs. Sori sunelliptic, after maturity darkkish-brown and spreading all over under surfaces of pinnae (pinnules). indusia deeply brown after maturity.
On rocks; ca. 2700 m; endemic N. W. Yunnan (deqin).
This species is similar to A. ruta-muraria L., but plant short and small, 2-5 cm tall only, frond less than 1 cm wide, pinnae and pinnules smller, pinnules subovate, margin entire or unobviosly undulate, stipe and rachis densely covered with glandular hairs.
疏羽铁角蕨 shu yu tie jiao jue
Asplenium ruta-muraria var. subtenuifolium Christ in Hedwigia 42: 167. 1930.
Plants 5-10 cm tall. Rhizomes unseen. Stipes slender, 1.5-3.5 cm long, bases castaneous, up stramineous, polished, upper sides longitudinal-valleculate, after dry compressed; laminae triangular, 2-4 x 1.5-2 cms, apexes sharp, upper pinnae 1–pinnate, dowards pinnae bipinnate; lateral pinnules 3-4 pairses, alternate, stalked, basel one pair bigest, 6-10 x 6-10 mm long, triangular, apexes sharp, bases roundly cuneate, 1- pinnate; lateral pinnules 3-4 pieces,, alternate, anadromous, basel one pair bigest, 2-3 x 2-3 mm, ovate, apex obtuse, bases rounded and bitly decurrent, extremely short stalked or sessile, margins repanlate or unobvious obtuse dentate; second pair of pinnule same shape but smaller; terminal pinnule biger, trapeziform; second paie of pinnae ternate, up every pair of pinnae all simple and same shape and size with pinnules of basel pinnae. Veins obscure, flabellatly dichotomous - branching, unreached to margin. Fronds coriaceous, after dry greyish-green; rachises and rachillae stramineous, upper sides longitudinal-valleculate. Sori linear, 1-2 mm long, brown, 2-3 on per pinnule and unreached to margins, after maturity spreaing all over under surfaces of pinna or pinnule; indusia brown, membranous, entire, opening to main veins and finally fallen.
On rocks; endemic N. E Sicuan (chengkuo, nanchuan) [ center of Europe].
Specimen of type collected from Germany.
This species is differ with A. ruta-muraria L. in pinnules of basel one pair of pinnae majority, marginal dentations obtuse.
云南铁角蕨 yun nan tie jiao jue
Asplenium fontanum var. yunnanense Bedd.; A. fontanum Clarke; A. woodsioides Christ; A. lushannense C. Chr.
Plants 5-20 cm tall. Rhizomes erect, densely covered with scales; the scales lanceolate, black, iridescent-polished, margins fimbriate. Fronds concentratively clusterd; stipes slender, 1-5 cm long, reddish-brown or castaneousish-brown, polished, upper sides longitudinal-valleculate, sparsely covered with blackish-brown fibrous small scales; laminae linear or linear-lanceolate, 3-15 x 0.8-2. 5 cm, attenuate to both ends, apexes pinnatipartite or usually prolongated into flagelliform and rooting, downwards 1-pinnate to bipinnate; pinnae 10-20 pairs, lower pinnae opposite, up pinnae alternate, sessile or extremely short stalked, pinnae on lower parts to bases becoming smaller and into flabellate or auriculate, mid pinnae biger, elliptic, (2-) 10-15 x 2-7 mm, apexes rounded or obtuse, terminal sinuses usually with one gemma, bases asymmetrical, acroscopic truncate, basiscopic cuneate, margins pinnatipartite alomostly reached to main veins; segments 2-4 pairs, linear or ligulate, apexes obtuse and 2-3 dentae, both lateral sides entire, every one of segments almostly same shape and size or basel acroscopic one biger. Veins bitly raised on upper sides, lateral veins biforked, basel acroscopic of segment ones usually triforkid, slender and unreached to margins. Fronds herbaceous, after dry grass-green, glabrous; rachises stramineousish, or lower part ( sometime lower side only) same colour with stipe, bitly polished, covered with few black fibrous small scales, upper sides longitudinal-valleculate and bitly with grassish-green on both lateral edges of valleculations. Sori subelliptic, ca. 1 mm long, brown, born on middle or lower parts of veinlets and unreached to margins, usually one on per segment, 1-2 on basel acroscopic segment, after maturity spreading all over under surfaces of pinnae; indusia subelliptic, greyish-green to greyish-brown, thin-membranous, entire, opening to main veins or margins.
In crevices among rocks under forest; 1100-3300 m.; Guangxi, Guiahou, Hebei, Sichuan, Xizang and Yunnan [ N. India, N. Myanmar and N. Vetnan]. Specimen of type collected from Yunnan (dali).
Basis on of Fl. of Taiwan ( sec. Ed. 1: 464. 1994) recording this species produced also in Taiwan (gao xion).
西藏铁角蕨 xi zang tie jiao jue
Plants 13-15 cm tall. Rhizomes short and erecte, apexes densely covered with darkkish-brown lanceolate small scales. Fronds clustered; stipes 4-6 cm long, bases castaneous, up greenish, polished, smooth, herbaceous, after dry compressed; laminae lanceolate, 8-10 x 1.3-2.5 cm, apexes acuminate, bipinnate; pinnae 16-20 pairs, basel ones opposite, up ones alternate, short stalked, lower pinnae bitly shortened, mid ones 8-12 x 5-8 mm, longly triangular, bitly falcate, apexes sharp, bases roundly cuneate, subsymmetrical, acroscopic closed to or covered rachises and pinnate; pinnules 4-5 pairs, alternate, anadromous, basel one pair bitly biger, 4-5 x 3-4 mm, subrhombic, apexes rounded, bases roundly cuneate and decurrent, short staled, palmate or subpinnatilobate, segments elliptic, thick-serration-like, ca. 1 mm long, apexes sharp or acute. Veins obvious, raised, one veinlete on per segment, unreached to margins. Fronds herbaceous, after dry greenish; rachises and rachillae all same colour with laminae, upper sides of rachises longitudinal-valleculate, rachillae raised on both sides, above middles narrow-winged on both lateral sides. Sori elliptic, 1-1.5 mm long, brown, born on mid acroscopic of veinlets, one on per segment; indusia elliptic, glaucous, hyaline, membranous, entire, opening to main veins.
On rocks under forest; 1800-2000 m.; Xizang [ Kashmir and Pamirs]. Specimen of type collected from Turkestan.
欧亚铁角蕨 ou ya tie jiao jue
Small plants, 8-15 cm tall. Rhizomes short and erect, or ascending, castaneousish-brown, apexes densely covered with scales; the scales lanceolate, black,iridescent-polished, entire. Fronds clustered; stipes 2-7 cm long, reddish-brown or castaneousish-brown, up grass-green, polished, bitly covered with darkkish-brown fibrous scales and then fallen becoming smooth; laminae linear, 6-12 x 1-1.2 cm, attenuated to both ends, apexes acuminate, 1-pinnate; pinnae 14-16 pairs, basel ones opposite, up ones alternate, mid pinnae bitly biger, ca 4-6 x 4-6 mm, apex obtuse, outside margins thick roundly dentat, bases roundly cuneate and entire, extremely fine-stalked, lower 2-3 pairs of pinnae smaller and grandually becoming deltoid, bases subtruncate, terminal pinna elliptic, sessile. Veins pinnate, bitly visible, slender, veinulets biforked , occasionally simple or triforked and unreached to margins. Fronds herbaceous, after dry grassish-green; rachises grass-green, sometime reddish-brown on lower parts, upper sides longitudinal-valleculate, occasionally with small scales. Sori elliptic, ca. 1 mm long, brown, 4-8 on per segment, when maturity subconfluent; indusia elliptic, greenish, thin-membranous, entire, opening to main veins and persistent. Chromosome 2n = 72.
In crevices among rocks under forest; ca. 4100 m.; Sichuan, Taiwan, Xinjiang (W. tie-shan) and Xizang [ Japan, Russia and Himalayas; Europe and N. Ameirican].
虎尾铁角蕨 hu wei tie jiao jue
Asplenium elegantulum Hook..
Plants 10-30 cm tall. Rhizomes short and erect or decumbent, apexes densely covered with scales; the scales narrow-lanceolate, black, bitly polished, entire. Fronds clustred; stipes 4-10 cm long, greenish, or usually castaneous or reddish-brown and upper both lateral side with greenish narrow-edges, polished, upper sides longitudinal-valleculate, bitly covered with darkkish-brown fibrous small scales and then fallen; laminae broadly lanceolate, 10-27 x 2-4 (-5.5) cm, attenuated to both ends, apexes acuminate, bipinnate (sometime 1-pinnate ); pinnae 12-22 pairs, lower ones opposite or subopposite, up ones alternate, extremely short stalked, lower pinnae gradually shortened into ovate or semi-rounded, long and wide less than 5 mm, every pair of mid pinnae triangular-lanceolate or lanceolate, 1-2 x 0.6-1.2 cm, apexes acuminate and thick denticulate, 1-pinnate or pinnaetiparte reached to rachilla; pinnules 4-6 pairs, alternate basel one pair biger, 4-7 x 3-5 mm, elliptic or ovate, apexes rounded and thick denticulate, bases cuneate, sessile or more or less combined with rachillae and decurrent. Veins obvious, main veins on pinnules inprorminent, lateral veins biforked or simple, basel one usually 2-3 forked, slender, with a hydathode at end and prolongated to teeth but unreached to margins. Fronds thin-herbaceous, after dry grassish-green, smooth; rachises stramineousish or castaneous or reddish-brown on lower sides, polished and smooth, upper sides longitudinal-valleculate, apicol parts with linear narrow wings on both lateral sides. Sori elliptic, ca. 1 mm long, brown, born middle or lower parts of veinlets, closed to main veins and unreached to margins, usually 2-4 pairs on basel one pair of pinnules; indusia elliptic, greyish-yellow to greyish, thin-membranous, entire, opening to main veins or margins. Chromosome 2n = 72.
On wet rocks under forest; 70-1600 m; Anhui, Fujian, Gansu, Guizhou, Henan, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Liaoning, Shaanxi, Shandong, Sichuan, Taiwan and Zhejing [ Japan, Korea and Russia].Specimen of type collected from Japan.
东海铁角蕨 dong hai tie jiao jue
Asplenium kobayashii Tagawa; A. shandongense Y. T. Liang.
Plants 8-20 cm tall. Rhizomes short and erect, covered with scales; the scales linear-lanceolate, black. Fronds clustered; stipes slender, upper sides greenish, under sides castaneous and polished, smooth and without scales; forms of fronds much varied and two types; stipes of big typical fronds slender 6-8 cm long, laminae lanceolate, 11-14 X 2-3 cm, attenuate to both ends, apexes longly acuminate, 1-pinnate, pinnae 10-15 pairs, opposite or subopposite, sessile, lower pinnae shortened and gradually becoming elliptic, mid ones longer, lanceolate, 1-2 x 0.3-0.5 cm, apexes acminate and obtuse at tops, bases asymmetrical and combined with rachises, acroscopic auriculate, basiscopic decurrent into narrow-wing along rachises, margins undulatly blunt serrate or thick serrate; stipes of small typicl fronds 2-4 cm long, laminae linear-lanceolate, 5-9 x ca 1 cm, bases unnarrowed, pinnae 7-9 pairs, elliptic or obovate, lower pinnae biger, 5-7 x 0.3-0.5 cm, apexes rounded, bases combined with rachises, connected along rachises by narrow-wing, margins thick serrate on upper parts, lower parts entire, up every pair of pinnae same shape with lower ones, apical ones becoming smaller. Veins pinnate, slender, obscure, veinules simple or biforked, unreached to margins and with a hydathode at end. Fronds subherbaceous, after dry greenish; rachises greenish and glabrous. Sori linear-elliptic, ca 2 mm long, unreached to margins, born on acroscopic of veinlets, 3-6 on per pinna, after maturity darkkish-brown; indusia same form with sori, albus-green, entire, opening to main veins.
On rocky clffs; Peninsula of Liaoning and Shandong, N. Jiangsu ( donghai) [ Japan].Specimen of type collected from Shandong (zhi-fu).
宝兴铁角蕨 bao xin tie jiao jue
Asplenium moupinense var. daraeformis Franch.; A. yunnanense var. daraeforme H. S. Kung.
Plants 10-20 cm tall. Rhizomes short and erect, densely covered with scales; the scales lanceolate, black, iridescent-polished, margins subentire. Fronds clusterd; stipes 2-5 cm long, castaneousish-brown, polished, upper sides longitudinal-valleculate, densely covered with black fibrous scales and then partly fallen; laminae broadly lanceolate, 8-18 x 2.5-4 cm, attenuated to both ends, bippinate; pinnae 16-24 pairses, basel ones opposite, up ones alternate, short stalked, lower pinnae gradually shortened into auriculate, mid pinnae elliptic lanceolate, 1-2 x 0.6-0.9 cm, apexes obtuse, apicol sinus usually with one small gmma,1- pinnatiparte and almostly reached to main veins; segments 4-5 pairs, alternate, anadromous, basel one pair biger, particularly acroscopic one piece bigest, 4-6 x 2-4 mm, elliptic, more or less flabellate, apexes subrounded, bases cuneate and decurrent, margins serrately parted to 1/3 – 2/3, up every pair of segment all smaller, rectangular, apexes roundly cuneate and few thick dentate, both lateral sides entire. Veins faintly visible on upper sides, lower sides obvious, lateral veins on basel segments blabellatly branching or subpinnate, ones above middle of segments 2-3 forked, slender and unreached to margins. Fronds herbaceous, after dry grass-greena and glabous; rachises grass-green and broadly longitudinal-valleculate on upper sides, lower sides castaneous-brown, bitly covered with black fibrous small scales. Sori subelliptic, ca 2 mm long, 1-2 ( basel one pair of segments 2-6 ) on per segment, after maturity deeply brown, spreading all over both sides of mai veins under surface of pinna; indusia subelliptic, glaucous, membranous, entire and openning to main veins or margins.
On wet rocks by stream sides under forest; 1600- 2800 m.; S. Shaanxi, Sichuan and Yunnan. Specimen of type collected from Sichuan ( bao-xin).
This species is very similar to A. yunnanense Franch., but stalk obvious, pinnal divided degree deeper, all pinnae divided, basel acrscopic one piece of pinnule free.
马尔康铁角蕨 ma er kang tie jiao jue
Plants ca 20 cm tall. Rhizomes erect, densely covered with scales; the scales black, bitly polished, entire. Fronds concentrated clustered; stipes 7-10 cm long, lower parts castaneous-brown, polished, upper parts greenish, base densely covered with black linear scales, up sparsely, upper sides longitudinal-valleculate, after dry compressed; laminae broadly cuneate, 9-15 x 3-5 cms, attenuated to both ends, apexes acuminate, bipinate; pinnae 12-15 pairs, alternate, short stalked, lower several pairs of pinnae gradually shortened to triangular, mid pinnae longly triangular-lanceolate, 2-2.5 x 1-1.5 cm, apexes acuminate,1- pinnate; pinnules 5-7 pairs, alternate, anadromous, basel one pair biger and acroscopic one piece bigest, 4-7 x 3-4 mms, elliptic, apexes obtuse, bases broadly cuneate, symmetrical, more or less combined with rachillae and bitly decurrent, both lateral sides parted to 1/2 – 2/3; segments 2-3 pairs, linear and sharp pointed at apexes; up every pair of pinnules same shape with basel ones but gradually becoming smaller, base combined with rachillae and decurrented into narrow- wing. Veins visible on upper sides, obscure on under sides, lateral veins simple or biforked, slender and reached to apexes of segments but unreached to margins. Fronds thin-herbaceous, after dry grass-reen and glabrous; rachises grey-stramineous or grass-green on under sides, upper sides grass-green and longitudinal-valleculate, bitly covered with black fibrous small scales. Sori elliptic, 1-2 mm long, brown,born on lower parts of veinlets and closed to main veins, usually one on per segment; indusia elliptic, glaucous, yhin-membranous and entire, openning to amin veins or rachillae.
On rocks under forest; ca. 3100 m.; endemic N.W. Sichuan ( ma-er-kang).
This species is similar to A. moupinense Franch., but rachis green, frondel dividing degree finer and deeper, segments linear, shrp-dentat, pinnal apex without gamma.
西北铁角蕨 xi bei tie jiao jue
Asplenium mainlingense Ching & S. K. Wu, Fl. Xizang. !: 184, f. 43 (6-7) 1983.
Plants 6-12 cm tall. Rhizomes short and erect, apexes densely covered with scales; the scales narrowly lanceolate, black, iridescent-polished and entire. Fronds majority and concentrated clustered; stipes 2.5- 8 cm long, lower parts black, upper parts stramineous, polished, sparsely covered with black fibrous small scales, upper sides longitudinal-valleculate, after dry compressed; laminae lanceolate, 4-6 x 1-2 cm, attenuated to both ends, bipinnate; pinnae 7-9 pairs, alternate or basel ones opposite, extremely short stalked, lower ones shortened, mid pinnae biger, elliptic, 9-12 x 4-8 mm, apexes acute and pinnatifid, bases asymmetrical, acroscopic truncate, basiscopic cuneate, 1-pinnate; pinnules 3-5 pairs, alternate, ca. 2 mm wide, ligulate, apexes rounded, bases cuneate, combined with rachillae and decurrent, margins blunt dentate, other pinnules smaller. Veins obscure, veinlets on pinnules biforked or simple, one pair of pinnules on pinnal bases triforked or 2-biforke and almostly reached to margins. Fronds firm herbaceous, after dry grass-green; rachises stramineous, upper sides longitudinal-valleculate, bitly covered with black fibrous small scales. Sori elliptic, ca 1 mm long, 2-4 on per pinnule of one pair of pinnules on pinnal bases, located at centers of pinnules, up 1 on evry pinnule closed to racillae, after maturity spreading all over under surfaces of pinnae, deeply brown; indusia elliptic, greyish-brown, thin-membranous,entire, opening to rachillae or main veins.
In dry crevices of limestone among rocks; 1100-4000 m.; Gansu, Nei Mongol, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Xijiang and Xizang [ Afghanistan, N.India and N. Pakistan]. Specimen of type collected from shaanxi (shan-yang)
This species is similar to A. moupinense Franch., but lower pinnae of laminae gradually shortened but unchanged the form ( i.e. same shape with upper ones) , apex of lateral pinnae without gamma.
阿尔泰铁角蕨 a er tai tie jiao jue
Asplenium sarrlii var. altajense Kom. in Acta Jard. Bot. Petrop. 16: 150. 1916.
Plants 10-12 cm tall. Rhizomes short and erect, apexes densely covered with scales; the scales lanceolate, black, bitly polished, entire. Fronds clustered; stipes 3-3.5 cm long, upper sides longitudinal-valleculate, lower parts black and spasely covered with scales, upper parts and rachises all greyish-green, subsmooth; laminae lanceolate, 8-9 x 2-2.5 cm, apexes acuminate, to base almostly unnarrowed, bipinnate; pinnae 10-11 pairs, lower ones opposite, up alternate, short stalked, mid pinnae ca 11 x 8-10 mm, triangular-ovate, apexes acute, bases asymmetrical, acroscopic truncate basiscopic cuneate, 1-pinnate; pinnules 2-3 pairs, anadromous, basel acroscopic one piece bigest, 4-5 x 2-4 mm, subovate, apexes rounded, bases cuneate, bitly combined with rachillae and decurrent, margins serrate, the serrations sharp at tops. Veins obscure, flabellatly dichotomous-branching, one pair of pinnules on pinnal bases subpinnate, prolongated to serrations, but unreached to margins. Fronds papyraceous, after dry greyish-green. Sori linear-elliptic, 1-2 mm long, darkkish-brown, 2-4 per pinnule on pinnal bases, 1 on each upper pinnule, after maturity spreading all over under surfaces of pinnule; indusia linear-elliptic, greyish-green, thin-membranous, and entire, opening to main veins or rachillae.
In dry crevices of among rocks; 2300-2500 m.; N. E. Xijiang (aertai mountain) [ Mongolia and Russia].
This species distributes only in Altai mountain on bounadary line of China, Mongolia and Russia, its disributioanl region is very narrow. Its shape is most similar to A. nesii Christ, but marginel serrations of pinnule sharp at tops.
天山铁角蕨 tian shan tie jiao jue
Asplenium chinginum C. Y. Yang.
Plants 10-15 cm tall. Rhizomes ascending, apexes densely covered with scales; the scales lanceolate, black, polished, entire. Fronds majority and concentrated clustered; stipes 4-6 cm long, slender, lower parts black, polished, up greyish-green, sparsely covered with black fibrous small scales and then fallen becoming smooth, upper sides longitudinal-valleculate; laminae lanceolate, 5-6 x 1.5-2 cm, attenuated to both ends, apexes acuminate, bipinnate; pinnae 8-10 pairs, alternate or basel ones opposite, subsessile, lower pinnae bitly shortened, mid ones triangular, 9-13 x 6-10 mm, apexes acute, bases asymmetrical roundly cuneate, basiscopic cuneate, 1-pinnate; pinnules 3-4 pairs, basel acroscopic one piece biger, subspatulate, 4-6 x 1.5-3 (-4) mm, apexes obtuse or roundly truncate, bases cuneate and combined with rachillae and decurrented into narrow-wing, margins lacerated into segment, the segment linear and acute at apexes; up every one pair of pinnule same shape with lower ones but smaller. Veins faintly visible or obvious and bitly raised on upper sides, veinlets slender, biforked or 2-biforked and prolongated to apexes of segmets but unreached to margins. Fronds firm-herbaceous, after dry darkkish-green; rachises greyish-green, upper sides longitudinal-valleculate, bily covered with brown fibrous small scales. Sori elliptic, 1-1.5 mm long, brown, 1-2 on per pinnule (2-3 on basel one pair of pinnules); indusia elliptic, greyish-brown, thin-membranous and entire, openning to rachillae or main veins and persistent.
In dry crevices among rocks; ca. 1800 m.; endemic Xinjiang (tian shan, bogeda mountain)
雷波铁角蕨 lei bo tie jiao jue
Plants 6-8 cm tall. Rhizomes short and erect, apexes densely covered with scales; the scales linear, deeply brown, bitly polished, entire. Fronds concentrated clustred; stipes 2-4 cm long, slender, greenish, bases sparsely covered with scales, up sunglbrous, upper sides longitudinal-valleculate; laminae lanceolate, 4-6 x 1.2 - 1.8 cm, apexes acuminate, bases almostly unnarrowed, bipinnate; the 6-8 pairs, alternate or lower ones opposite, short stalked, to bases almostly unshortened, mid pinnae elliptic,7-10 x 5-8 mm, apexes acute, bases asymmetrical, acroscopic truncate, basiscopic cuniate,1- pinnate; pinnules1-2 pairs, anadromous, basel acroscopic one piece biger, 3-4 x 2-3 mms, ovate, apexes rounded, bases broadly cuneate and decurrent, sessile or more or less combined with rachillae, apexes few short and sharp serrate, other pinnules smaller, bases all combined with rachillae. Veins more or less raised on upper sides, 2-3 dichotomous-branching and prolongated to tops of serrations but unreached to margins. Fronds thick herbaceous, after dry greyish-green; rachises same colour with stipe, upper sides longitudinal-valleculate, smooth or bitly covered with brown fimbrous small scales. Sori elliptic, 1-1.5 mm long, 2-4 on per pinnule of one pair of pinnules on pinnal bases, up 1-2 on every pinnule, after maturity spreading all over under surfaces of pinnule, deeply brown; indusia elliptic, glaucous, thin-membranous and entire, opening to main veins or rachillae and persistent.
On shady rocks; 1800-2200 m.; endemic S. W and M. Sichuan.
This spcies is similar to A. pekinense Hance, but plant far finer and thiner, stipe slender, laminae much finely dividing, basel pinnae unshortened, serrations of pinnules shorter.
朗木铁角蕨 lang mu tie jiao jue
Plants 5-6 cm tall. Rhizomes short and erect, apex densely covered with scales; the scales lanceolate, black, bitly polished, subentire or denticulate. Fronds clusterd; stipes 2-3 cm long, slender, upper sides longitudinal valleculate, after dry compressed, bases darkkish-brown and sparsely covered with scales, up greenish, bitly covered with darkkis-brown, fibrous small scales; laminae lanceolate, 3-4 x 1.2-1.6 cm, bases bitly narrowed, apexes shortly acuminate, bipinnate; pinnae 5-6 pairs, opposite or upper ones subopposite, subsessile, lower pinnae bitly shortened, mid pinnae bitly biger, 6-8 x 5-7 mm, trapeziform, apexs rounded and long sharp dentate, base subsymmetrical roundly cuneate, 1pinnate; pinnules 2 pairs, basel acroscopic one piece of pinnule bitly biger and free, ligulate, 3-4 x 2-2.5 mm, apexes roundly truncate, bases roundly cuneate, apexes long and sharp serrate, other pinnules smaller, unfree, bases combined with rachillae and connected by narrow wing. Veins bitly raised on upper sides, biforked or simple, one pair of pinnules on pinnal base usually 2-3-biforked and prolongated tops of serrations but unreached to margins. Fronds firm-herbaceous, after dry darkkish-green; rachises greenish, upper sides longitudinal-valleculate. Sori elliptic, 2-3 mm long, unreached to margin, 1-3 on one piece of pinnule on basel acroscopic of pinna, located at centers of pinnules, one on per pinnule on other pinnules, after maturity confluent, darkkish-brown; indusia elliptic, glaucous, membranous and entire, opening to main veins or rachillae and persistent.
Under forest of Sabina; ca. 3150 m., endemic N. W. Sichuan (langmu si).
This species is every similar to A. leiboense Ching, but pinnae shorter, trapezoforme, fewly dividing or almostly undividing on upper ones, pinnules combined except basel acroscopic one piece, margin long and sharp serrate; is also similar to A. varians Wall., but shape smaller, stipe short, laminal degree of dividing smaller, segmental margin opening and long serrate.
华中铁角蕨 hua zhon tie jiao jue
Asplenium saulii Bak.; A. blakistoni Bak.; A. anogrammoides Christ; A. pekinense var. foeniculacea Christ; A. sarelii var. margnum H. S. Kung.
Plants 10-23 cm tall. Rhizo mes short and erect, apexes densely covered with sclaess; the scales narrowly lanceolate, black, polished, margins denticulate. Fronds clustered; stipes 5-10 cm long, greenish, submooth or bitly covered with one or two darkkish-brown fibrous small scales, upper sides longitudinal-valleculate; laminae elliptic 3-13 x 2.5-5 cm, tripinnatifid; pinnae 8-10 pairs, bases ones opposite, up ones alternate, short stalked, basel one pair of pinnae bigest or same size with next pair one ( occasional bitly shortened), 1.5-3 x 1-2 cm, ovato- triangular, apexes acuminate or sharp, bases asymmetrical, acroscopic truncate, basiscopic cuneate, bipinnatifid; pinnules 4- 5 pairs, alternate, anadromous, basel acroscopic one piece of pinnule biger, 5-11 x 4-7 mm, ovate apexes sharp, bases symmetrical broadly cuneate and decurrent, pinnatipartite to rachillae; segments 5-6 pairs, linear, 1.5-5 x 0.5-2 mm, basel one pair of segments usually 2-3 dividings, apexes of small segments with 2-3 blunt or sharp small dentations, up every segment with sharp dentations at apexes; other pinnules smaller. Veins obvious, raised on upper sides, veinlets on segment 2-3 forked, veinlets 2-biforked on segments of bases of pinnules. Fronds firm-herbaceous, after dry greyish-green; rachises and every time of rachillae all same colour with stipe, with linear narrow wings on both lateral sides, rachises prominently raised on both sides. Sori subelliptic, 1-1.5 mm long, brown, 1-2 on per segment, born on upper parts of veinlets and unreached to margins; indusia subelliptic, greyish-green, membranous and entire, openning to main veins and persistent. Chromosome 2n = 144.
On wet rocky cliffs or in crevices among rocks; 300-2800 m.; Anhui, Fujiang, Guizhou, Hebei, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jilin, Liaoning, Shaanxi, Shandong, Sichuan, Yunnan and Zhejiang [ Japan, S. Korea and Russia]. Specimen of type collected from Sichuan.
This species is similar to A. pekinense Hance, but laminae broader, elliptic, herbaceous, basel one pair of pinnae same size with next one pair or occasionally bitly shortened, segments linear, apex 2-3 blunt or sharp denticulate. This two species are all oreginal produced in China, distributed region is very wide, their forms are much varied, their both are easy confused,. Pay more attention when identify
北京铁角蕨bei jin tie jiao jue
Asplenium sepulchrale Hook. & Bak.; A. abbreviatum Makino; A. sarelii var. pekinense C. Chr.
Plants 8-20 cm tall. Rhizomes short and erect, apexes densely covered with scales; the scales lanceolate, black, bitly polished, entire or bitly undulate. Fronds clustred; stipes 2-4 cm long, greenish, lower parts sparsely scales, up sparsely covered with black fibrous small scales; laminae lanceolate, 6-12 x 2-3 cm, apexes acuminate, bases bitly narrowed, bipinnate or tripinnatifid; pinnae 9-11 pairs, lower pinnae bitly shortened, opposite, apexes acute, bases asymmetrical, acroscopic truncate, basiscopic cuneate, 1-pinnate; pinnules 2-3 pairs, alternate, anadromous, basel one piece of pinnule bigest, elliptic, 5-6 x 2-3 mm, apex subrounded, bases cuneate and bitly combined with rachillae, decurrent, magins pinnatipartite; segments 3-4 pieces, ligulate or linear, 1-2 mm long, apexes roundly truncate and 2-3 sharp small dentatate, both lateral sides entire; other pinnules smaller, unparted. Veins obvious, upper sides raised, veinlets flabellately dichotomous branching, prologated tops of serrations, but unreached to margins. Fronds firm-herbaceous, after dry greyish-green or darkkish-green; rachises and rachillae same colour with stipe, both lateral sides linear winged, lower parts sparsely covered with black fibrous smaller scales, up smooth. Sori subelliptic, 1-2 mm long, 1-2 on per pinnule ( 2-4 on per basel one pir of pinnules), located at middle of pinnules after maturity darkkish-brown, usually spreading all over under surfaces of pinnules; indusia subelliptic, glaucous, membranous and entire, opening to main veins or rachillae and persistent. Chromosome 2n = 144.
On rocks or in crevices among rocks; 380-3900 m.; Fujiang, S. E. Gansu, N. Guangdon, Guangxi, W. and N.E Guizhou, Hebei, Henan, Hubei, H unan, Jiangsu, Nei Mongol, Ningxia, S. Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Taiwan, Yunnan and Zhejiang [ Japan and Korea]. Specimen of type collected from Beijing
The shape of this species is similar to A. sarelii Hook., but lamina narrower, lanceolate, firm-herbaceous, basel one pair of pinnae bitly shortened, segment ligulate or linear, apex 2-3 sharp dentaiculate. But frond shapes are much varied in defferent ecologies, it is easy confused with A. sarelii Hook. So must pay more attention in detemination.
线柄铁角蕨 xian bing tie jiao jue
Asplenium fugax Christ; A. varians var. sakuraii Rosenst.
Plants 3-8 cm tall, fine and slender, semi-stoloniform. Rhizomes short and erect, apexes densely covered with scales; the scales lanceolate, black, margins fimbriate. Fronds clustred; stipes slender, silk-like, 0.3-2.5 cm long, grassish-green, smooth, upper sides longitudinal-valleculate and edges on both lateral sides greenish-stramineous; laminae linear-lanceolate, 2-6 x 0.7-1 cm, apexes acuminate, bipinnate; pinnae 5-11 pairs, alternate or basel ones opposite, almostly sessile, basel one pair unshortened and almostly same size with above several pairs, broadly ovate, 4 x 4 mm, subpinnate or ternate ( up ones bilobate); pinnules 2-4 pieces, usually ternate, same size, elliptic, 2-3 x 1 .5-2 mm, apexes sharp or acute, bases broadly cuneate and combined with rachillae and decurrent, margins entire, or basel one pair free, apexes 2-3 lobate; upper pinnae 2-3 lobate, pinnae near topical part undivided. Veins obvious, veinlets simple, one on per segment and with a hydathode at end, unreached to margins. Fronds thin-herbaceous, after dry greyish-green; rachises grassish-green, smooth, upper sides longitudinal-valleculate, apexes usually prolongate and with one scaly gamma and asexual propagation. Sori subelliptic, 1-.5 mm long, one on per segment or pinnule, born on acroscopic or basiscopic and located at centers of segments or pinnules; indusia subelliptic, greyish-green, membranous and entire, openning to main veins and persistent. Chromosome 2n = 72.
In shady and wet limestone cavities, and usually growing mexid with mosses; 2000-2700 m.; Guizhou, Sichuan, Taiwan and Yunnan [Japan and Korea]. Specimen of type collected from Japan.
The form of this species is smallest in the genus and often mixed growing in small strata with mosses.
细茎铁角蕨xi jing tie iao jue
Plants 8-10 cm tall. Rhizomes short and erect, apexes densely covered with scales; the scales ovato-lanceolate, darkkish-brown, poished, entire. Fronds clustered; stipes ca. 2 cm long, upper sides darkkish-green and longitudinal-valleculate, under sides darkkish-brown, bases sparsely covered with scales; laminae lanceolate, 6-9 x 1.5-2 cm, apexes acuminate, bases almostly unnarrowed, bipinnate; pinnae 12-18 pairs, alternate, short stalked, lower pinnae bitly shortened, mid ones 1-.3 x 0.6-0.9 cm, triangular-ovate, apexes obtuse, bases asymmetrical broadly cuneate, 1-pinnate; pinnules 2-3 pairs, alternate, anadromous, basel acroscopic one piece bigest, 4-6 x 3-4 mm, obovate, apexes rounded, bases cuneate and decurrent, apexes 2-3 lobate, both lateral sides entire, apexes of segments undulately crenate; other pinnules same shape but smaller, apexes rounded and undulate crenate, bases longly cuneate and combined with rachillae and decurrent. Veins obvious on upper sides and bitly raised, visible on under sides, veinlets flabellatly dichotomous-braching, slender and unreached to margins. Fronds thin-herbaceous, after dry darkkish-green; rachises green and longitudinal-valleculate on upper sides. Sori broadly linear, 2-3 mm long, born on middle of veinlets, 1 on per pinnule on upper parts, 2-3 on per pinnule on lower part; indusia broadly linear, grass-green, membranous and entire, opening to main veins or rachillae.and persistent
On tree trunks under forest; Hainan and Taiwan. Specimen of type collected from Taiwan.
钝齿铁角蕨 dun chi tie jiao jue
Gymnogramma fauriei Christ; Anogramma fauriei Christ; Asplenium shiobarense Koidz.; A. Comixtum( ‘ comixum') Ching.
Plants 6-15 (-20) cm tall. Rhizomes short and erect, apexes densely covered with scales; the scales broadly lanceolate, darkkish-brown, iridescent-polished, entire. Fronds clustered; stipes 1-5 cm long, deeply green, or bases castaneousish and sparsely covered with scales, up subsmooth, upper sides longitudinal-valleculate, both lateral sides with green narrow-winged edges; laminae lanceolate, 5-9 (-15) x 1.5-2 cm, apexes acuminate, bases almostly unnarrowed, bipinnate; pinnae 8-10 pairs, basel ones subopposite, up ones alternate, short stalked, basel pinnae almostly shortened, mid pinnae 6-11 x 6-9 mm, triangular-ovate, apexes obtuse, bases asymmetrical, acroscopic truncate, basiscopic cuneate and decurrent, 1-pinnate; pinnules 2-3 pairs, alternate, anadromous, basel acroscopic one piece bitly biger, 3-5 x 2.5-3.5 mm, broadly obovate, apexes roundly truncate, bases roundly cuneate and decurrent, more or less combined with rachillae, apexes 2-3 thick and blunt serrate or 2-3 lobate, both lateral sides entire, other pinnules same shape with lower ones but smaller, apexes 2-3 thick and blunt dentate, bases combined with rachillae and decurrnt. Veins obvious on upper sides, faintly visible on under sides, veinlets biforked or simple, slender and unreached to margins. Fronds thin-herbeceous, after dry grass-green; rachises darkkish-green, upper sides longitudinal-valleculate , smooth. Sori elliptic, 1-2 mm long, born on middle of veinlets, one on per pinnule (2-3 on per basel pinnule); indusia elliptic, greyish-brown, membranous and entire, opening to main veins or rachillae and few to margins and persistent.
On shady rocks under forest; 950-2880 m; E.and S.Gansu, Hebei, Heilonjiang, Henan, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Sichuan and Zhejiang [ Japan and Korea]. Specimen of type collected from Japan.
This species is similar to A. varians Wall., but shape simple and slender, degree of dividing finer, denticulations of segments broader and unsharp.
新疆铁角蕨 xin jiang tie jiao jue
Plants 7-10 cm tall. Rhizomes short and erect, apexes densely covered with scales; the scales lanceolate, darkkish-brown, iridescent-polished, entire. Fronds clustered; stipes 4-6 cm long, slender, bases castaneousish, bitly covered with deeply brown fibrous small scales, up stramineousa and smooth, after dry compressed; laminae lanceolate, 3 - 4 x ca. 1.2 cm, apexes short sharp, bipinnate; pinnae 5-6 pairs, lower pinnae opposite, up ones subopposite or alternate, subsessile, basel oen pair biger, 6-9 x 6-10 mm, semi-rounded, apexes rounded, bases roundly truncate, symmetrical, subpalmate; pinnules 3 pieces, same shape and size, 4-6 x 2-5 mm, flabrllate, apexes rounded, bases broadly cuneate, apexes deeply laciniate; segments 3-4 twings, lanceolate, almostly same size, 1.5-2 mm long, apexes sharp, entire or 2 long thick dentate at apexes. Veins obvious on upper sides and bitly raised, visible on under sides, veinlets on segment biforked or simple, unreached to margin. Fronds thin-herbceous, after dry grass-green; rachises darkkish-green, upper sides longitudinal-valleculate. Sori elliptic, ca 2 mm long, born on middle or lower parts of veinlets, 1-3 on per pinnule, after maturity deeply brown, spreading all over under surfaces of pinnules; indusia elliptic, glaucous to brownish, membranous and entire, opening to main veins.and persistent.
On wet rocks under forest; ca 2000 m.; endemic Xinjiang ( Manasi in N. tian shan).
This species is similar to A. subvarians Ching, but lower pinnae semi-rounded, trilobus, pinnules flabellate, apex lacerate, sori subconfluent when maturied, segment less and longer, same in length.
掌裂铁角蕨 zhang lie tie jiao jue
Plants 6-15 cm tall. Rhizomes short and erect, densely covered with scales; the scales lanceolate, black, iridescent-polished, margins bitly small dentete. Fronds clustered; stipes sleder, 3-8 cm long, green, bases sometime brownish and with scales, up smooth, upper sides longitudinal-valleculate; laminae lanceolate, 4-7 x 1-1.2 cm, apexes acuminate, bipinnate; pinnae 6-10 pairs, opposite or upper ones alternate, sessile, basel one pair unshortened and same shape and size with upper several pairs, 5-7 x 6-8 mm, ovato-flabellate, apexes rounded, bases roundly cuneate, symmetrical, sunpalmate; pinnules 1 pair or ternate, basel acroscopic one piece biger, obovate, 4-5 x 2.5-3.5 mm, apexes rounded, bases cuneate, apexes shallowly laciniate; segment 5-6 pairs, tooth-like, different in size, 0.5-2 mm long, apexes sharp, both lateral sides entire; other pinnule smaller, bases combine with rachillae and decurrent. Veins obvious on upper sides and bitly raised, under sides obscure, veinlets on pinnule flabellatly dichotomous-braching, one veinlet on per segment, unreached to margins. Fronds thin herbaceous, after dry grassish-green; rachises and rachillae same colour with stipe, upper sides on rachis longitudinal-valleculate. Sori subelliptic, 1-2 mm long, brown,born on below middle of veinlets, 2-3 on per pinnule; indusia subelliptic, greeyish, membranous and entire, opening to rachillae or opposite and persistent.
On rocks by stream sides under forest; 2400-3700 m.; S. Gansu and N. W. Yunnan.
This species is similar to A. xinjiangense Ching in shape and divided type, but frond acuminate at apex, pinnules shallowly lacerate, segment majority and concentrated, length in diffent.
内丘铁角蕨 qiu tie jiao jue
Plants 10-15 cm tall. Rhizomes short and erect, apex densely covered with scales; the scales lanceolate, darkkish-brown, iridescent-polished, entire. Fronds clustered; stipes 3-6 cm long, upper sides darkkish-green and longitudinal-valleculate, under sides on lower part castaneousish, polished, sparsely covered with darkkish-brown fibrous small scales, up subsmooth; fronds lanceolate, 6-12 x 2-3 cm, apexes acuminate, bipinnate; pinnae 10-12 pairs, alternate or basel ones opposite, stalks ca 1.2 mm long, lower pinnae bitly shortened or no, mid pinnae ovate 8-17 x 7-12 mm, apexes obtuse, bases asymmetrical, acroscopic truncate, basiscopic cuneate, 1-pinnate; pinnules 2-3 pairs, alternate, anadromous, basel acroscopic one piece bigest, broadly ovate, 6-8 x 4-6 mm, apexes rounded or roundly truncate, bases broadly cuneate and decurrent, short stalked, palmetilobate; segments short and small, 4-6 pieces, length different, tooth-like, apexes sharp, entire; other pinnules biger, apexes truncate or roundly truncate and with long and thick, sharp serrations. Veins obvious, more or less raised, obscure on under sides, veinlets on pinnule biforked or dichotomous-branching and with a obvious hydathode at end, unreached to margins. Fronds thin-herbceous, after dry grassish-green; rachises same colour with stipe and longitudinal-valleculate on upper sides, under sides greenish or brownish on lower parts, polished. Sori short-linear, 2-3 mm long, brown, born on middle or lower parts of veinlets, 1-3 on per pinnule ( 3-5 on per pinnule on basel one pair); indusia membranous and entire, opening to rachillae or main veins and few to margins.
On rocks under forest; ca 1700m; Hebei, Shaanxi and Shanxi.Specimen of type collected from Hebei (neiqiu).
This species is similar to A. xinjiangense Ching, but plant far taller and biger, stepe castaneousish on under sides, laminae broader, 2-3 cm wide, apex acuminate.
少羽铁角蕨 shao yu tie jiao jue
Plants ca 12 cm tall. Rhezomes short and erect, apexes densely covered with scales; the scales lanceolate, apexes longly subulate, darkkish-brown, iridescent-polished and entire. Fronds clustered; stipes2.5-4.5 cm long, grass- green, basel under sides castaneous, upper sides greenish, bitly covered with ilongitudinal-valleculate; lamiae linear- lanceolate, 6-8 x 1.5-2 cm, apexes acuminate, bipinnate; pinnae 8-10 pairs, alternate or basel ones opposite, subsessile, lower pinnae almostly unshortened, mid ones 10-13 x 7-10 mm, triangular-ovate, apexes subrounded and short and fine denticulate, bases asymmetrical, acroscopic truncate, basiscopic longly cuneate and decurrent, short stalked, 1- pinnate; pinnules 1-2 pairs, only basel acroscopic one piece especially big and free, 4-6 x 2-3 mm, ligulate, apexes roundly truncate, base bitly narrowed, apexes short and fine serrate, both lateral sides entire; other pinnules far smaller, bases connected. Veins obvious on upper sides and bitly raised, under sides obscure, veinlets on pinnules 2-3 forked, veinlets on basel acroscpic of pinnules usually dichotomous-branching and with a obvious hydathode at end, unreached to margins. Fronds herbaceous, after dry grass-green, rachises same colour with stipe, upper sides longitudinal-valleculate, smooth. Sori elliptic, 1-2 mm long, born on lower parts or middles of veinlets, 2-3 on pinnule of pinnal basel acroscopic and arranged in centers of veinlets, one on per of other pinnules and arranged closed to rachllae; indusia subelliptic, greyish, membranous and entire, opening to main veins or rachillae.
On rocks under sparsely forest; ca 1800 m.; endemic S. Ynnan.
This species is slightly similar to A. varians Wall., but pinnae narrower, linear-lanceolate, lower pinnae almostly unshortened, margin sharp serrate; also similar to A. argutum Ching, but lateral pinnae far simple in dividing degree, only one piece of basel acroscopic pinnule free, others all combined.
尖齿铁角蕨 jian chi tie jiao jue
Plants 8-15 cm tall. Rhizomes short and erect, apexes densely covered with scales; the scales lanceolate or ovto-lanceolate, black, polished, margins bitly small denticulate. Fronds clustered; stipes 3-6 cm long, bases brownish, polished, sparsely covered with scales, up greenish, under sides more or less brownish, almostly smooth, upper sides longitudinal valleculate; laminae lanceolate, 6-9 x 1.5-2 cm, apexes acuminate, bipinnate; pinnae 10-12 pairs, alternate or basel ones opposite, short stalked, basel one pair bitly shortened, mid pinnae 8-11 x 7-9 mm, triangular-ovate, apexes obtuse, bases asymmetrical, acroscopic parallel with rachises, basiscopic obliquely cutting off, 1-pinnate; pinnules 2-3 pairs, alternate, anadromous, lower two pieces free, other bitly combined, basel acroscopic one piece biger, subovte, 3.5- 4 x 2.5- 3.5 mm, apexes rounded and fine and sharp pointed serrate, bases roundly truncate and decurrent, short stalked, both lateral sides entire. Veins obvious and more or less raised on upper sides, obscure on under sides, veinlets on pinnules 2-3 forked, veinlets on basel one pair of pinnules usually flabellatly dichotompus- branching, almostly reached to margins. Fronds thin herbaceous, after dry grassish-green; rachises greenish, upper sides longitudinal-vallecculate. Sori subelliptic, 1-2 mm long, born on middle or lower parts of veinlets, 1-3 on free pinnules of pinnal lower parts and located at centers of pinnules, after maturity brown and spreading all over under surfaces of pinnae; indusia subelliptic, greyish, membranous and entire, opening to rachillae or main veins and persistent.
On rocks under forest; ca 2600 m.; endemic NW. Sichuan ( maerkang)..
This species is differt with A. paucijugum Ching in lateral pinnal pinnatifid deepler, lower pinnae pinnate and with one pair of free pnuules, other pinnules more or less combined with rachillae, marginal serrations longer and sharp.
天目铁角蕨 tian mu tie jiao jue
Plants 6-8 cm tall. Rhizomes short and erect, apexes densely covered with scales; the scales brown, polished, bitly iridescent-polished, entire. Fronds clustered; stipes 1.5-2 cm long, darkkish-green, bases bitly brownish and with fibrous small scales, upper sides longitudinal-valleculate; laminae lanceolate, 4-6 x 1-2 cm, apexes acuminate, bipinnate; pinnae 8-10 pairs, bases ones opposite or subopposite, up ones alternate, extremely short stalked, basel pinnae unshortened, mid ones 6-9 x 5-8 mm, triangular-ovate, apexes obtus, bases asymmetrical, acroscopic roundly cuneate, basiscopic boadly cuneate, 1-pinnate; pinnules 3-5 pieces, alternate, anadromous, basel pair free, basel acroscopic one piec biger, subrounded, 2-3 x 1.5-3 mm, apexes rounded, bases roundly cuneate, subsessile, both lateral sides entire, apexes fine and sharp denticulate, or 2-3 lobate, other pinnules far small. Veins visible only on upper sides, more or less raised, veinlets on pinnules 2-3 forked, veinlets on basel acroscopic pinnules flabellatly dichotomous-branching and with a obvious hydathode at end, unreached to margins. Fronds thin-herbaceous, after dry darkkish-green; rachises same colour with stipe, upper sides longitudinal-valleculate, polished. Sori elliptic, ca 1 mm long, born on middle or upper parts of veinlets, 1-2 on per pinnule (2-3 on basel acroscopic one pinnule), after maturity brown and combined, spreading all over under surfaces of pinnules; indusia elliptic, greyish, membranous and entire, oppositing opening and persistent.
On shady and wet rocks; ca. 900 m; endemic Zhejiang (tianmushan).
Thiis species is slightly similar to A. argutum Ching, but its shape far thiner, pinnae and pinnules smaller, margin dentaticulate; also similar to A, subvarians Ching, but plant thiner, pinnae and pinnules shorter, pinnules subrounded, margin sharp serrate, sori confluent when maturity.
河北铁角蕨 he bei tie jiao jue
Plants 5-6 cm tall, fine and slender. Rhizomes short and erect, apexes densely covered with scales; the scales lanceolate, darkkish-brown bitly iridescent-polished, margins denticulate. Fronds clustered; stipes slender, silk-like, 1-2 cm long,, greenish, upper sides longitudinal-valleculate; laminae pinnae 6-8 pairs, alternate or lower pinnae opposite, extremely short stalked, basel one pair shortened or bitly shortened, mid ones ovate, 5-7 x 3-4 mm, apexes obtuse, nearly 1-pinnate; pinnules 2-3 pieces, or ternate, usually basel acroscopic one piece biger, elliptic, 2-4 mm long, basel acroscopic parted only, apexes 2-4 shrap pointed serrate, bases cuneate; upper pinnae 2-3 dividing, ones nearly apex individing. Veins obvious on both sides, veinlets reached to inside of serrations and unreached to margins. Fronds thin herbaceousn after dry grassish-green; rachises grass-green and longitudinal-valleculate on upper sides. Sori elliptic, ca 1 mm long, usually born on acroscopic of veinlets and located at middle of veinlets, 1-2 on per pinnule; indusia elliptic, brownish, membranous and entire, usually opening to main veins and persistent.
In ravines; ca. 1400 m; endemic Hebei (xiaowutai mountain).
This species is similar to A. capillipes Maino, but plant bitly strong, laminae reached to 1 cm wide, pinnules elliptic, 2-4 mm long, basel acroscopic partid only, apex 2-4 sharp-serrate.
变异铁角蕨 bian yi tie jiao jue
Asplenium fibriatum & var. letophyllum Kunze; A. lankongense Ching.
Plants 10-22 cm tall. Rhizomes short and erect, apexes densely covered with scales; the scales lanceolate, black, iridescent-polished, subentire. Fronds clustered; stipes 4-7 (-10 ) cm long, lower parts or all parts castaneous, polished, or up green, sparsely with black fibrous scales then fallen, upper sides longitudinal-valleculate; laminae lanceolate, 7-13 x 2.5-4 cm, apexes acuminate, bases bitly narrowed or almosly unnarrowed, bipinnate; pinnae 10-11 pairs, lower pinnae opposite, up ones alternate, extremely short stalked, mid pinnae 8-17 x 7-11 mm, triangular-ovate, apexes obtuse, bases asymmetrical, acroscopic roundly cuneate, basiscopic cuneate, 1-pinnate; pinnules 2-3 pairs, alternate anadromous, basesl acroscopic one piece biger, obovate, 3.5-5.5 x 2.5-4 (-6 ) mm, apexes rounded, bases broadly cuneate, sessible, more or less combines, both lateral sides entire, apexes 6-8 small serrate, other pinnules smaller, bases combined or lower pinnules free. Veins obvious on upper sides and bitly raised, obscure on under sides, veinlets in pinnule biforked or 2-biforked, basel acroscopic pinnules subpinnately branching, unreached to margins. Fronds thin-herbaceous, after dry grassish-green or greyish-green; rachises greyish-green and longitudinal-valleculate on upper sides and smooth. Sori short-linear, 1.5-3 mm long, born lower parts of veinlets, 2-4 on per pinnule, after maturity spreading all over under surfaces of pinnules; indusia short linear, brownish, membranous and entire, opening to main veins or rachillae and persistent. Chromoseme 2n = 72, 144.
On wet rocks or rocky cliffs under mixed forest; 650-3500 m.; Shaanxi, Sichuan, S. E. Xizang and Yunnan [ Bhutan, India, Indonesia, Penisula of S. China, Nepal, Sikkim, Sri Lanka; S. African and Hawaiian Islands].
This species is very varied in shape, pay more attations when determined.
" Fl. of Taiwan" ( 1: 490. 1975) record: A. varians produced also in Taiwan, the writer did not sees the speciment and dose not decided, it is maybe A. subvarians Ching ex C. Chr. in mistake.
华北铁角蕨hua bei tie jiao jue
Plants ca 7 cm tall. Rhizomes short and erect, apexes densely covered with scales; the scales lanceolate, darkkish-bbrown, iridescent-polished, entire; Fronds clustered; stipes ca 2 cm long, grass-green, bases castaneous, sparsely with blackish-brown, fibrous small scales and then fallen, upper sides longitudinal-valleculate; laminae lanceolte, 3.5-5 x 1.5-2 cm, apex acuminate, bases roundly cuneate and unshortened or bitly shortened, bipinnate; pinnae 7-8 pairs, alternate or basel one pair opposite, slender short stalked, lower pinnae longest, 7-10 x 5-7 mm, triangular-ovate, apexes obtuse, bases asymmetrical, acroscopic roundly truncate, bsiscopic cuneate, 1-pinnate; pinnules 2-3 pairs, alternate, anadromous, free, basel acroscopic one piece biger, triangular-ovate, 3-.5 x ca 3 mm, short stalked, apexes rounded and 3-5 small and sharp denticulate, bases roundly cuneate and pinnatipartite; segments 2-3 pieces, apexes 2-3 sharp dentate; other pinnules far smaller, sessile, undivided, apexes sharp dentate. Veins obvious on upper sides, visible on under sides, veinlets on pinnules biforked or 2-biforked, venlets on pinnules of basel acroscopic of pinnae and unreached to margins. Fronds thin herbaceous, after dry grass-green, rachises grass-green, upper sides longitudinal-valleculate, smooth. Sori short-linear, ca 3 - 4 mm long and located at middle of veinlets, 1-3 (-4) on per pinnule; indusia short-linear, deeply brown, membranous and entire, opening to main veins or rachillae and persistent.
In crrvices among rocks ; ca 1000 m; endemic Hebei ( luanping).
This species is very similar to A. subvarians Ching, but dividing degree of lamina finer, 2-3 pairs on per pinna, free, smaller and narrower, apicol dentations smaller and sharper, sori and indusia smaller.
黑色铁角蕨 hei se tie jiao jue
Asplenium yuanum Ching in Bull. Fan. Mem. Inst Biol, Bot. Ser. 10:174.1940.
Plants 15-40 cm tall. Rhizomes acending, apexes densely covered with scales; the scales ovto-lanceolate, black, iridescent-polished, entire. Fronds clustered; stipes 8-15 cm long, castaneousish-red, polished, bases sparsely covered with scales, up smooth, upper sides longitudinal-valleculate; laminae elliptic-lanceolate, 9-20 x 4-6 cm, apexes longly acuminate, tripinnate; pinnae 9-13 pairs, alternate, short stalked, basel one pair of pinnae biger, 4-6 x 1.8-2.4 cm, ovato-lanceolate, apexes longly acuminate, bases roundly cuneate, bipinnate; pinnules 7-8 pairs, anadromous, basel one pair of pinnules biger, lanceolate, 1.5-3.2 x 0.6 - 1 cm, apexes acuminate, bases roundly cuneate, short stalked or subsessile, pinnate; ultimate pinnules 4-6 pairs, alternate, anadromous, basel one pairs biger, 5-7 x 2.5-3.5 mm, elliptic or narrowly ligulate, apexes obtuse or rounded, apexes with longer and very sharp serrations, bases cuneate and combined with rachillae. Veins obvious on upper sides and more or less raised, visible on under sides and on ultimate pinnules nearly pinnately branching, veinlets simple or biforked on lower parts, almostly reached to margins. Fronds chartaceous, after dry brown or darkkish-brownly green on upper surfaces; rachises stramineous, below middle of under sides usually castaneous-red and polished, upper sides longitudinal-valleculate. Sori elliptic, 1-2.5 mm long, born on middle of veinlets, 1-3 on per of ultimate pinnule, after maturity brown and spreading all over under surfaces of ultimate pinnules; indusia thick-linear, brownish, membranous and entire, opening to main veins or margins.
By stream sides; 2000-2800 m.; Shaanxi, Taiwan, E.Xizang and N.W.Yunnan [ N. India, Pakistan and Sikkim]. Specimen of type collected from Yunnan.
adiantum-nigrum L.. widely distributed on mountains of Europe and African, it is different with this variety in apex of serration on ultimate pinnule shorter. It dose not produced in China. In the past British scholars ( Clarke, Beddome ) considered the plant from ximalaya same with European one, in fact same with Yunnan one, but different with original variety of Europe. It was recorded in Taiwan but the writer have not seen the specimen, here temporally treated it as variety.
贵阳铁角蕨 gui yang tie jiao jue
Aspenium interjectum var. elatum Christ; A. coneifolium var. vegatium Christ; A. longkaense Rosent.
Plants 20-30 cm tall. Rhizomes short and erect, apexes densely covered with scales; the scales linear, black, iridescent-polished, entire; Fronds clustered; stipes 12-18 cm, castaneous or green when young, polished, smooth, upper sides longitudinal-valleculate, lamina broadly triangular or triangular-ovate, 8-17 x 7-5 cm, apexes shortly acuminate, bipinnate, tripinnate at base; pinnae 5-7 pairs, alternate or basel one pair of pinnae opposite, long stalked, basel one pair bigest, 4-9 x 3-6 cm, longly triangular, apexes acuminate, bases roundly cuneate, subsymmetrical, bipinnate; pinnules 3-4 pairs, alternate, anadromous, longly stalked, basel one pair biger, 1.5-3 x 1-2.6 cm, ovato-triangular, apexes obtuse, bases roundly cuneate, pinnate; ultimate pinnules 1-2 pairs, alternate, basel acroscopic one piece biger, 6-14 x 4-9 mm, ovate, apexes rounded, bases cuneate and combined with rachillae, margins regularly short and thick dentate. Veins obvious and raised on upper sides, under sides visible only, flabellatly dichotomous-branching on ultimate pinnules, subpinnate, 1 on per serration and with a obvious hydathode at end, unreached to margins. Fronds herbaceous, after dry grass-green; rachises and rachillae same colour with stipe, smooth, longitudinal-valleculate on upper sides of rachises, narrowly winged on both lateral sides of rachillae. Sori linear, reached to 6 mm long, brown, born on middle of veinlets, 2-4 on per ultimate pinnule; indusia linear, brownish, membranous and entire, openning to main veins or margins.
In wet crevices among rocks under forest; ca 800 m.; Guizhou and Yunnan [N. Vetnan]. Specimen of type collected from Guizhou ( guiyuang, qingyan)
都匀铁角蕨 du yun tie jiao jue
Plants 12-35 cm tall. Rhizomes short and erect, apexes densely covered with scales; the scales linear-lanceolate, black, polished, slightly iridescent-polished, subentire. Fronds clustered; stipes 6-12 cm long, rounded, woodly black, polished, smooth; laminae longly triangular, 7-11 x 5-7 cm, narrowed up apexes and longly acuminate, bipinnate or tripinnatifid; pinnae 12-15 pairs, altimate, short stalked or sunsessile, lower 1-2 pairs of pinnae very long, 2.5-3.2 x 1.5-2 cm, lanceolate, bitly falcate, apexes acuminate, bases roundly truncate, bitly symmetrical, bipinnate; pinnules 6-8 pairs, alternate, anadromous, sessile, basel one pair (or acroscopic one piec) biger, erect, 7-9 x 4-7 mm, longly ovate, apexes obtuse, bases asymmetrical, acroscopc truncate, basiscopic cuneate, pinnatipartite; segments 2-3 pairs, ligulate, basel acroscopic one piece biger, 3-4 x 3-4 mm, apexes rounded and with 3-4 short and broadly triangular and blunt serrations, bases cuneate, both lateral sides entire, other pinnules ar smaller. Veins obvious, pinnately braching on pinnules, 1 on per serration and with a obvious hydathode at end, unreached to margins. Fronds firm herbaceous, after dry grass-green; rachises black- woody colour, polished, greenish on upper sides, smooth rachillae same colour with stipe. Sori thick-linear, ca 2 mm long, born on acroscopic of middle on veinlets, 1-4 on per pinnule, after maturity brown and spreading all over under surfaces of pinnule; indusia thick-linear, greyish-green to greyish-brown, membranous and entire, opening to main veins and persistent.
On rocks of limestone; ca 900 m; S. E. Guizhou [Japan].Specimen of type collected from Japan.
黑柄铁角蕨 hei bing tie jiao jue
Plants reached to 30 cm tall. Rhizomes short and erect, apexes densely covered with scales; the scales linear, black, iridescent-polished, entire. Fronds clustred; stipe 10-15 cm long, black-woody colour,,polished, above base smooth, upper sides longitudinal-valleculate; laminae ovate, 16-20 x 10-12 cm, apexes caudate-acuminate, bipinnate, downward tripinnate; pinnae 6-7 pairs, basel ones opposite, alternate, stalked, basel one pair longer, 6-8.5 x 3.5-4.5 cm, triangular lanceolate, apexes longly acuminate, bases roundly cuneate, bipinnate; pinnules 10-11 pairs, alternate, anadromous, lower ones with 2 mm stalk, upper ones sessile, upper ones sessile, basel one pair of pinnles biger, apexes subrounded and with lanceolte thick serrations, bases asymmetrical, acroscopic truncate, bases cuneate, 1-pinnate; ultimate pinnules 3-4 pairs, alternate, anadromous, basel one pair of pinnules biger, 7-10 x 6-8 cm, ovate, apexes roundly truncate or truncate, bases broadly cuneate, sessile and decurrent, pinnatipartite; segments 3-4 pairs, ovate to narrow-ligulate, apexes with thick and blunt dentations, both lateral sides entire. Veins obvious on upper sides and more or less raised, visible on under sides, nearly pinnately branching on ultimate pinnules, veinlets 2-3 forked, 1 on per serrations and with a obvious hydathode at end, unreached to margins. Fronds herbaceous, after dry grass-green; rachises black-woody colour, polished, smooth, longitudinal-valleculate on upper sides and grass-green on both lateral sides, rachillae green, but usually castaneous on under sides of lower parts. Sori elliptic, 2-3 mm long, brown, born on mddle of veinlets, 2-3 on per ultimate pinnule; indusia elliptic, darkkish-brown, membranous and entire, openning to main veins and persistent.
Endemic S. E. Yunnan (jingpin).
This species is very similar to A. coenobiale Hance, but ultimate pinnules (or segment) far wider and with 2-3 individual of sori; the shape is also similar to A. toramanum Makino, but plant far taller and biger, stipe shorter than lamina, laminae ovate, pinnules of 1-pinnate stalked, ultimate-pinnules with longer serrations.
线裂铁角蕨 xian lie tie jiao jue
Asplenium pulcherrima Bak.; Humata pulcherrima Diels; Asplenium pulcherrium Ching ex Tard- Blot; A. billetii Christ & Billet; A. bodinieri Christ.
Plants 10-25 cm tall. Rhizomes erect, apexes densely covered with scales; the scales linear, black and with brown narrow-edge, polished and bitly dentate along margins. Fronds clustred; stipes rounded, 6-18 cm long, black-woody colour, polished and smooth; laminae longly triangular, finely dividing, 6-10 x 3-5 cm, apexes acuminate, tripinnate; pinnae 12-16 pairs, lower ones opposite, up ones alternate, short stalked or subsessile, basel one pair bitly longer, 2-4.3 x 0.7-1.5 cm, longly triangular, apex sharp, bases roundly cuneate, bipinnate; pinnules 6-10 pairs, alternate, anadromous, basel one pair ( or acroscopic one piece) biger, elliptic, 5-10 x 5-7 mm, apexes obtuse, short stalked, pinnate; ultimate pinnules 2-4 pairs, alternate, usually acroscopic one piece biger ( basel 1-2 pairs bittly biger), 2-4 x 2-4 mm, 2-3 partited, dividing degree very slender, sterile segments linear, ca. 0. 6 mm long, fortile ones wider, 1.5-2.5 mm long, apexes sharp, entire. Veins obvious and raised, per segment with one veinlet, and unreached to margins. Fronds thin-herbaceous, after dry grass-green; below middle of rachises black-woody colour, polished, above middle grass-green, smooth, longitudinal-valleculate on upper sides, rachillae same colour with lamina, raised on both sides. Sori elliptic, 1-1.5 mm long, brown, 1 on per fortile segment, born on acroscopic of middle or lower parts of veinlets; indusia elliptic, greenish to brownish, thin-menbraneous, hyaline, entire, opening to margins and persistent.
On rocks by stream dides under forest; 700-1800 m.; Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Sichuan and Yunnan [ N. Vietnan]. Specimen of type collected from Guangdong (xijiang).
This species is small type of fern growing in dry crevices of among rocks, lamina finely dividing, ultimate pinnules linear and with one veinlet and one sorus, as Sect. Darea' s species, but frond are not subcarnose, stipes are black- woody colour.
乌木铁角蕨 wu mu tie jiao jue
Plants 18-38 (-40) cm tall. Rhizomes short and erect, apexes densely covered with scales; the scales linear, darkkish-brown and with brown-edge, bitly iridescent-polished, entire. Fronds clustred; stipes 10-20 cm long, rounded, black-woody colour, polished, smooth; laminae triangular-lanceolate, 15-22 x 10-15 cm, apexes longly acuminate, 4-pinnatifid; pinnae 11-13 pairs, alternate, subsessile or short-stalked, basel one pair longer, 3.5-8 x 1.5-4 cm, longly triangular, apexes obtuse, bases asymmetrical, basiscopic cuneate, tripinnatifid; pinnules 7-9 pairs, alternate, anadromous, almostly sessile or short-stalked, acroscopic one piece biger, erect, 7-27 X 5-15 mm, long- triangular, apexes obtuse, bases asymmetrical, acroscopic truncate, basiscopic cuneate, bipinnatifid; next pinnules 4-5 pieces, alernate, basel acroscopic one piece biger, 4-8 x 2.5-4 mm, elliptic, apexes rounded, bases cuneate, short stalked or sessile, pinnate or pinnatifid; segment lanceolate, 2-2.5 x ca 1 mm, apexes acuminate, basel acroscopic one piece biger, tripartite, entire. Veins obvious and raised on both sides, one veinlet on per segment or ultimate pinnule,and unreached to margins